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Tara Carlisle, Julie Leuzinger, and Suzanne Sears University of North Texas Libraries Texas Library Association Annual Conference 2014 Government Documents Round Table Friday, April 11, 2014
Using Primary Sources to Enrich Class Research
Using Primary Sources to Enrich Class Research
• Introduction of Primary and Secondary Sources • American Memory • Suzanne’s Top Picks From the Government
Documents Collection • Portal to Texas History • How teachers are using primary sources • Oklahoma Gateway
Primary and Secondary Sources Simple Definition
• Primary Source: Firsthand evidence of historical events or periods.
• Secondary Source: A later interpretation of historical events or periods (Johnson 2003, 2).
Primary and Secondary Sources Library of Congress Definition
Primary sources are original items or records that have survived from the past, such as clothing, letters, photographs, and manuscripts. They were part of a direct personal experience of a time or event.
Primary Source Examples
(Johnson 2003, 14)
Primary VS Secondary
http://www.lefthandedtoons.com/toons/drew_telephonegame.gif
Primary VS Secondary (the serious version)
• Researcher dependent • Author dependent • Scholarship dependent • Classroom dependent
Primary OR Secondary?
• Who made or wrote each item? • When was it made? • Why was it made? • Was it made at the same or nearly the same time that
it happened? • Is it somebody else’s idea of what happened? • Is it an eyewitness account? • Could the item belong to both the primary and
secondary source groups? Why or why not?” (Johnson 2003, 18-19)
Why Primary Sources?
http://www.savagechickens.com/images/chickentruthisoutthere.jpg
Information Literacy
Information literacy is a non-linear process…. (Johnson 2003, 39)
Critical Thinking (Primary Source Analysis Template, Steps 1, 2, & 3)
(Johnson 2003, 43)
Critical Thinking (Primary Source Analysis Template, Steps 4 & 5)
http://www.criticalthinking.org/ (Johnson 2003, 44)
American Memory
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/index.html
American Memory-Browse
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/browse/index.html
American Memory-Browse by Topic
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/browse/ListSome.php?category=Immigration,+American%20Expansion
American Memory-Browse by Collection
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/browse/ListAll.php
American Memory-Browse by Time Period
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/browse/ListSome.php?timePeriod=1800-1849
American Memory- Browse by Collections Containing
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/browse/ListSome.php?format=Motion+Picture
American Memory-Browse Collections by Place
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/browse/ListSome.php?region=West+U.S.
American Memory-The Dust Bowl
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/afctshtml/tshome.html
American Memory- South Texas
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/collections/runyon/
American Memory- Shaker religious greeting, watercolor, January 1853 (Shaker Collection)
http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/mcc:@sum(@field(OTHER+@band(Shakers))+@field(SUBJ+@band(Shakers)))
Top Picks from the Government Documents Collection
• Serial Set • War of the Rebellion • Foreign Relations of the United States • Public Papers of the Presidents • FDsys—Federal Digital System • How to Find Your Local Depository
Serial Set
• Began in 1817 – American State Papers 1-14th Congress
• House and Senate Documents
Serial Set Online
• Library of Congress – http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/amlaw/lwss.html
• Many libraries subscribe to commercial digitized collections of the Serial Set
http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/resources/pdf/TitanicReport.pdf
War of the Rebellion: Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies
War of the Rebellion
• Compilation of official reports, correspondence, military operations, orders, and trials
• Copied without editing for accuracy or retrospection
• Produced over a period of 63 years
• The most significant primary source of information about the American Civil War
War of the Rebellion Online
• University of North Texas – http://texashistory.unt.edu/
• Cornell University
– http://digital.library.cornell.edu/m/moawar/waro.html
• Baylor University – http://digitalcollections.baylor.edu/cdm/landingpage/colle
ction/tx-wotr – Atlas only
Foreign Relations of the United States
Foreign Relations of the United States
• Official documentary historical record of major U.S. foreign policy decisions and significant diplomatic activity
Foreign Relations of the United States Online
• U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian – http://history.state.gov/ – 1945-1980 – Browse by Administration
• University of Wisconsin Digital Collections
– http://uwdc.library.wisc.edu/collections/FRUS – Incomplete 1861-1960 – Full-text searchable
Public Papers of the Presidents
Public Papers of the Presidents
• The Office of the Federal Register began publishing the Public Papers of the Presidents series in 1957 as an official publication of United States Presidents’ public writings, addresses, and remarks
• President Hoover to President Obama • President Franklin Roosevelt and others
published privately
Public Papers of the Presidents Online
• National Archives – http://www.archives.gov/federal-
register/publications/presidential-papers.html
• American Presidency Project – http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/index.php
FDsys—Federal Digital System
• http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/
• FDsys provides no-fee online access to official information and publications from all three branches of the Federal Government
Federal Depository Libraries
• http://catalog.gpo.gov/fdlpdir/FDLPdir.jsp • Over 50 depositories in Texas
The Portal to Texas History
The Portal’s Resources 4 Educators
The Portal’s Resources 4 Educators
Texas in the Civil War through song, images, & text
63 By Dawn Bishop
The Civil War in Texas: through song,
images & text
Reference: Civil War photographs, 1861-1865 Compiled by Hirst D. Milhollen and Donald H. Mugridge, Washington, D.C. :Library of Congress, 1977. No. 0142
64
Newspaper Preview: Identify articles in your newspaper that have to deal with any of the following topics: Political: Having to do with the government Economic: Dealing with money and business Social: Having to do with people living in a community and how their lives are impacted by each other and events
The True Issue (La Grange, Tex.), Vol. 14, No. 5, Ed. 1, Saturday, November 12, 1864
65
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GjOIFGrYtaE
The Bonnie Blue Flag
Click on picture to view video
View the video to listen to the song
What names or places appear in the lyrics ?
What is the mood of the music?
(click on the picture)
66
Rebel attack on Union gunboats in Galveston Bay. From Harper's Weekly. Prints and Photographs Collection, 1965/36-7.
What do you see in this image?
67
Newspaper Analysis:
The True Issue (La Grange, Tex.), Vol. 14, No. 5, Ed. 1, Saturday, November 12, 1864
Read the article with your group. Write a brief summary. What does this article reveal about life in Texas?
Consider the political, social, and economic impact!
68
Gallery Walk:
Newspaper Source
Date of Article Summary of Article
Details from Article
Political Social or Economic Impact
69
Texas in the Civil War Create a song, image, or article about the impact of the Civil War on Texas. An example is given below:
Lincoln wanted us to be free That’s why he wrote that proclamation
For you and me, But as you can clearly see, I’m still in slavery.
70
http://education.texashistory.unt.edu
72
Media: Past & Present Understanding Persuasive Writing
Click on the picture
http://education.texashistory.unt.edu
73
Which Is The Best?
Whole class activity: Students look at each ad, read the descriptions, and discuss which
one they would buy. Then explain why.
Click on the pictures
http://education.texashistory.unt.edu
74
Vocabulary
• make • get • give • have
• know
• look
Verbs
• need
• buy
• keep
• use • feel • like
• choose • take
Adjectives
• extra
• great • bright
• delicious • fresh • free • quality • new
• fresh • safe • wonderful • special
• real • clean
Language has a powerful influence over people and their behavior. It helps us to identify and remember things.
When reporting news items, the media uses language that is positive and emphasizes why the product stands out. Listed are commonly used adjectives & verbs used in newspaper ads. Click on the pictures on slide #5 & #6 to locate them in the newspaper ads.
Most used: good, better, best, save, now, full • go
http://education.texashistory.unt.edu 75
Use the “Media Analysis” worksheet to analyze one ad of your choice
Ads from the Past
Click on the pictures
http://education.texashistory.unt.edu
76
Present Day Ads
Click on picture
Use the embedded links to locate an online newspaper ad of today.
Note the similarities and differences between your choice (past & present news ad), use the “Compare & Contrast”
worksheet to record your responses.
Click on the pictures
Oklahoma Gateway
Works Cited
• Johnson, Mary. (2003). Primary Sources in the Library: A collaboration guide for library media specialists. Linwood Publishing, Inc. Worthington, Ohio.
• _____. (2009). Primary Source Teaching the Web 2.0 Way. Linwood Publishing, Inc. Worthington, Ohio.
• Lombard, Emmett. (2010). Primary and Secondary Sources. Journal of Academic Librarianship, May :250-253.
Works Consulted • Anderson, Mary Alice. (2010). The Power of Primary Sources, Part 2: Build your
own professional development. MultiMedia & Internet@Schools, 17 (1): 35-38. • Brown, Carol and Kaye Dotson. (2007). Using Digital Primary Sources: A success
story in collaboration. Teacher Librarian, 35 (2): 29-33. • Ireland, Bobbi. (2010). Abraham Lincoln and His Era: Using the American Memory
Project to Teach with Primary Sources. Libraries Unlimited, Santa Barbara, California.
• Johnson, Mary. (2010). Getting Started with Primary Source Teaching. School Library Monthly, 27 (2):32-33.
• _____. (2010). Primary Sources in Your Back Pocket. School Library Monthly, 27 (1): 30-31.
• Johnston, Melissa P. (2009). A Historical Partnership: Teaching with Primary Sources (TPS) Direct. School Library Monthly, 26 (4): 50-52.
• Lehman, Kathy. (2010). Bring History Alive with Primary Sources. Library Media Connection, March/April: 30-31.
Tara Carlisle, Project Development Librarian [email protected] Julie Leuzinger, Head of Eagle Commons Library [email protected] Suzanne Sears, Assistant Dean of Public Services [email protected]
Questions?