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Using Compensation Data in Collective Bargaining

Using Compensation Data Collective Bargaining · Association for Human Resources Faculty in Higher Education Salary Survey Two‐Year Four‐Year $400 Discipline Best for Discipline

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Page 1: Using Compensation Data Collective Bargaining · Association for Human Resources Faculty in Higher Education Salary Survey Two‐Year Four‐Year $400 Discipline Best for Discipline

Using Compensation Data in CollectiveBargaining

Page 2: Using Compensation Data Collective Bargaining · Association for Human Resources Faculty in Higher Education Salary Survey Two‐Year Four‐Year $400 Discipline Best for Discipline

John BarnshawPresenter

John Barnshaw is Senior Higher Education Researcher at the AAUP, where he directs the Faculty Compensation Survey.

Page 3: Using Compensation Data Collective Bargaining · Association for Human Resources Faculty in Higher Education Salary Survey Two‐Year Four‐Year $400 Discipline Best for Discipline

Sam DunietzPresenter

Sam Dunietz is a research and policy analyst with the AAUP.

|

Page 4: Using Compensation Data Collective Bargaining · Association for Human Resources Faculty in Higher Education Salary Survey Two‐Year Four‐Year $400 Discipline Best for Discipline

• The Bargaining Context in Contemporary Higher Education• Why Benchmark?• Data Sources• Leverage Considerations for Bargaining• Understanding the Bargaining Context• Questions and Comments

Today’s Agenda

Page 5: Using Compensation Data Collective Bargaining · Association for Human Resources Faculty in Higher Education Salary Survey Two‐Year Four‐Year $400 Discipline Best for Discipline

Exploring and Unpacking

We have a lot of content to cover!

Our goal this hour is to assist you in • Understanding the changing context of higher education • Identifying high quality sources of faculty data• Exploring challenges to benchmarking by administration• Exploring common statistical benchmarking techniques • Utilizing best practices for data presentation to gain an advantage at the bargaining table

Page 6: Using Compensation Data Collective Bargaining · Association for Human Resources Faculty in Higher Education Salary Survey Two‐Year Four‐Year $400 Discipline Best for Discipline

“Help will always be given to those who ask for it!”

Page 7: Using Compensation Data Collective Bargaining · Association for Human Resources Faculty in Higher Education Salary Survey Two‐Year Four‐Year $400 Discipline Best for Discipline

The Bargaining Context

Page 8: Using Compensation Data Collective Bargaining · Association for Human Resources Faculty in Higher Education Salary Survey Two‐Year Four‐Year $400 Discipline Best for Discipline

Setting the Context: Know Your Faculty

• Forty years ago, full‐time tenured and tenure‐track faculty comprised 45 percent of the faculty.  

• Today, less than 20 percent of the instructional faculty are full‐time tenured.

Page 9: Using Compensation Data Collective Bargaining · Association for Human Resources Faculty in Higher Education Salary Survey Two‐Year Four‐Year $400 Discipline Best for Discipline

Setting the Context: Expenditure Areas

• How do costs at your institution differ from this figure?

Page 10: Using Compensation Data Collective Bargaining · Association for Human Resources Faculty in Higher Education Salary Survey Two‐Year Four‐Year $400 Discipline Best for Discipline

Why Benchmark?

Page 11: Using Compensation Data Collective Bargaining · Association for Human Resources Faculty in Higher Education Salary Survey Two‐Year Four‐Year $400 Discipline Best for Discipline

Why Use Benchmarking Data?

• The most integrated data system offers only clear insights into your institution (Case Study).

Highly effective institutions engage in comprehensive benchmarking processes.• Internal benchmarking refers to measuring similar operations, functions, or activities within the same unit or organization.  

• External benchmarking refers to measuring similar operations, functions, or activities outside the unit or organization.  

Page 12: Using Compensation Data Collective Bargaining · Association for Human Resources Faculty in Higher Education Salary Survey Two‐Year Four‐Year $400 Discipline Best for Discipline

Keys to Benchmarking

• Use key metrics (and align to quality)• Engage in discussions with units • Select peers based upon data (not an eye test)• Implement change (growth v. static)• Know your bench: peer v. aspirational v. comparator 

Page 13: Using Compensation Data Collective Bargaining · Association for Human Resources Faculty in Higher Education Salary Survey Two‐Year Four‐Year $400 Discipline Best for Discipline

Academic Cost Benchmarking Projects

Data Source Access Cost Unit of Analysis Notes

American Association of University Professors Faculty Compensation Survey

Two‐YearFour‐Year

Free Institution Best for Benefits Data, 1100+ Institutions, Only Full‐Time Faculty

College and University Professional Association for Human Resources Faculty in Higher Education Salary Survey

Two‐YearFour‐Year

$400 Discipline Best for Discipline Data, 1100+ Institutions, Limited Data Coverage

Integrated Postsecondary Educational Data System

Two‐YearFour‐Year

Free Institution Best for Overall Data, 4200+ Institutions, Limited Salary Data

Oklahoma State University Faculty Salary Survey

Four‐Year $100 Discipline Doctoral Institutions Discipline Data, Exclusive Participation

National Community College Cost and Productivity Project

Two‐Year $1,250 Discipline Best for Disciplinary Instruction, 200+ Institutions, Limited Peer Coverage

National Study of Instructional Costs and Productivity

Four‐Year $1,250 Discipline Best for Disciplinary Instruction, 200+ Institutions, Limited Peer Coverage

Page 14: Using Compensation Data Collective Bargaining · Association for Human Resources Faculty in Higher Education Salary Survey Two‐Year Four‐Year $400 Discipline Best for Discipline

Leverage Considerations for Bargaining

Page 15: Using Compensation Data Collective Bargaining · Association for Human Resources Faculty in Higher Education Salary Survey Two‐Year Four‐Year $400 Discipline Best for Discipline

Know What to Use for Bargaining

• Control the data; control the narrative.• No unexpected surprises.

• Use hard facts, not just anecdotes.• Ability to counter management arguments with data.

• What will management bring to the table?• Know what could hurt you.

Page 16: Using Compensation Data Collective Bargaining · Association for Human Resources Faculty in Higher Education Salary Survey Two‐Year Four‐Year $400 Discipline Best for Discipline

Leverage Considerations

• Benefits – AAUP Faculty Compensation Survey• Large peer coverage – IPEDS, AAUP FCS, CUPA‐HR• Highlight gender disparity – AAUP FCS• Stack peers (coasts v. plains, medical, full inclusion) ‐ All• Disciplinarity – (know who reported what) – NSICP, NCCCPP, OSU, CUPA‐HR• Carnegie classification/mission/control – All• CPI‐U (to use or not) – All

• CPI‐U vs  CPI‐W• National Averages v Metropolitan Location

Page 17: Using Compensation Data Collective Bargaining · Association for Human Resources Faculty in Higher Education Salary Survey Two‐Year Four‐Year $400 Discipline Best for Discipline

Best Practices for Data Presentation

Page 18: Using Compensation Data Collective Bargaining · Association for Human Resources Faculty in Higher Education Salary Survey Two‐Year Four‐Year $400 Discipline Best for Discipline

Benchmarking Utilizing Peer Groups

• AAUP Research Office recommends 15–30 institutions for peer benchmarking.  

• The Association of American Universities is a consortium of 62 institutions in North America comprising 61% of all NSF grants and 36% of all Nobel Prize Laureates.  

• 2014–15 AAUP Faculty Compensation Survey data presented covers 58 of 60 eligible institutions (96.7% coverage).  

Page 19: Using Compensation Data Collective Bargaining · Association for Human Resources Faculty in Higher Education Salary Survey Two‐Year Four‐Year $400 Discipline Best for Discipline

Getting the Most from Benchmarking Data: From Lagging to Leading Indicators

Description

Prediction

Projection

Page 20: Using Compensation Data Collective Bargaining · Association for Human Resources Faculty in Higher Education Salary Survey Two‐Year Four‐Year $400 Discipline Best for Discipline

Does Disciplinarity Matter?

$216 $223$194

$269

$223

$299

$252

$192

$432

$350

$132 $139 $127$157

$123

$202

$159$125

$259$235

$179 $172 $160

$213

$175

$245

$195

$153

$352

$285

$0

$50

$100

$150

$200

$250

$300

$350

$400

$450

$500

Quartile Bands for Direct Instructional Expenditure/Student Credit Hour by Ten Most Frequent Classification of Instructional Program (CIP) CodesAccording to the 

National Center for Education Statistics, 76–82 percent of the variation in cost is located at the academic disciplinary level.

Page 21: Using Compensation Data Collective Bargaining · Association for Human Resources Faculty in Higher Education Salary Survey Two‐Year Four‐Year $400 Discipline Best for Discipline

UNIT PRODUCTIVITY AND COST BY QUARTILES

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Direct Expenditures per SCH and SCH per FTE ComparisonsExample Campus #1

25th Percentile Median 75th Percentile RVH AAU

Page 22: Using Compensation Data Collective Bargaining · Association for Human Resources Faculty in Higher Education Salary Survey Two‐Year Four‐Year $400 Discipline Best for Discipline

Cluster Analysis

• Cluster analysis is a series of statistical techniques designed to identify how similar (or different) some observations are from one another.  

• Cluster analysis is a data classification technique rather than a test for statistical significance.

• The k‐means cluster analysis approach is designed to assess how close data points are to a specific point based upon majority.  If k=3, red triangle.  If k=5, blue square.

Page 23: Using Compensation Data Collective Bargaining · Association for Human Resources Faculty in Higher Education Salary Survey Two‐Year Four‐Year $400 Discipline Best for Discipline

Cluster Analysis of Faculty Salary by Rank

• Assistant Professor salaries are tightly clustered between ‐0.2 and 0.4 standard deviations.  

• Associate Professor salaries are largely clustered between ‐0.5 and 0.7 standard deviations.  

• Professor salaries are clustered between 0.0 and 4.5 standard deviations.

• Variation in faculty salary appears to increase by rank.

Page 24: Using Compensation Data Collective Bargaining · Association for Human Resources Faculty in Higher Education Salary Survey Two‐Year Four‐Year $400 Discipline Best for Discipline

Regression: Best Fit Lines

• A regression is a best‐fit line that lies closer to the data points than any other possible line according to a least squares standard statistical measure of closeness.

• Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression is a statistical improvement over bivariate statistical analyses because they allow the researcher to “control for” or “separate” certain aspects of independent variables on a dependent variable.

• Regression analysis is like a mosaic of real life experiences that allow complicated patterns of interaction to be disentangled on a statistical level.

Page 25: Using Compensation Data Collective Bargaining · Association for Human Resources Faculty in Higher Education Salary Survey Two‐Year Four‐Year $400 Discipline Best for Discipline

Variable Name StandardizedCoefficient

Significance LowerBound

Upper Bound

Zero Order

VIF

Variable

Constant (B = 67.137) .000*** 43.985 90.290 ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐

Institutional Control (2=Private)

.532 .000*** 16.470 35.965 .620 1.518

Assistant Professor ‐.522 .000*** ‐.271 ‐.112 ‐.518 1.833

All 5 Colleges (Business, Dentistry, Engineering, Law, Nursing)

.124 .146 ‐.630 4.129 ‐.005 1.099

Total Number of Professors

.538 .000*** .037 .078 .113 1.394

Model: (DV) Full‐Time Faculty Salary All Ranks ‐ AAU (Adjusted R2= .635) * ‐ p < .05 ** ‐ p < .01 *** ‐ p < .001

What Predicts Full‐Time Faculty Salary?

Page 26: Using Compensation Data Collective Bargaining · Association for Human Resources Faculty in Higher Education Salary Survey Two‐Year Four‐Year $400 Discipline Best for Discipline

What good is perpetually lagging data, even if the modeling is quite good?

• Data for 2015–2016 are collected and submitted January 29, 2016.  

• Data is analyzed and verified and returned April 15, 2016.

• Too short a turnaround for 2016 – 2017 planning and budgeting.

• Data decisions are implemented for 2017 – 2018 based upon 2015 – 2016 benchmarked data.

Page 27: Using Compensation Data Collective Bargaining · Association for Human Resources Faculty in Higher Education Salary Survey Two‐Year Four‐Year $400 Discipline Best for Discipline

Projection Utilizing Faculty Compensation Survey Data• Monte Carlo methods allow for the simulation of estimated future costs.  When simulating the total full‐time faculty compensation 1 million times, a 90% confidence interval can be estimated.

• For all full‐time faculty, the average AAU compensation is approximately $149,000.

• For all full‐time faculty, there is a 5% chance an AAU institution’s compensation cost will be above $177,850.  For all full‐time faculty,, there is a 5% chance an AAU institution’s compensation cost will be below $133,280. 

Page 28: Using Compensation Data Collective Bargaining · Association for Human Resources Faculty in Higher Education Salary Survey Two‐Year Four‐Year $400 Discipline Best for Discipline

Takeaway: Facilitating Successful Outcomes

• Even the best data systems provide only a case study approach.  External benchmarking provides unique data for institutional improvement.

• Peer, aspirational,  and comparator data are different! It is important to think about those differences for bargaining purposes.

• Leverage comes from your ability to know your strengths and limitations as a faculty and institution.

Page 29: Using Compensation Data Collective Bargaining · Association for Human Resources Faculty in Higher Education Salary Survey Two‐Year Four‐Year $400 Discipline Best for Discipline

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