Using APA and Using APA and Avoiding PlagiarismAvoiding Plagiarism

Department of Social Work Department of Social Work UMDUMD

Fall 2011Fall 2011Compiled by Anne TellettCompiled by Anne Tellett

OverviewOverview

APAAPA– In text citationsIn text citations– Reference listReference list– General rulesGeneral rules

There are a variety of There are a variety of styles for citing styles for citing materials, the materials, the Department of Social Department of Social Work requires the use Work requires the use of APA of APA

Avoiding PlagiarismAvoiding Plagiarism– What it is What it is – ParaphrasingParaphrasing

Properly citing the works Properly citing the works of others that you have of others that you have used provides credit to used provides credit to those who have created those who have created the work. It also the work. It also provides your reader provides your reader with a trail to find with a trail to find sources that they may sources that they may want to read and learn want to read and learn about themselvesabout themselves

The Department of Social Work has The Department of Social Work has required writing guidelines which can be required writing guidelines which can be found under found under Writing Resources Writing Resources at:at:

http://www.d.umn.edu/sw/current.html

There are also links to a variety of sources for There are also links to a variety of sources for writing assistance and APA information in this writing assistance and APA information in this same section of our websitesame section of our website

General overview: General overview: PlagiarismPlagiarism

The following resource from UC Davis (2006) gives clear The following resource from UC Davis (2006) gives clear descriptions of plagiarism, why you should care and how you descriptions of plagiarism, why you should care and how you can avoid it, as well as examples of how to paraphrase can avoid it, as well as examples of how to paraphrase correctly. While the document is from another institution the correctly. While the document is from another institution the definitions of and consequences for plagiarism are in line definitions of and consequences for plagiarism are in line with UMD’s own polices. It should be noted that their advice with UMD’s own polices. It should be noted that their advice “when in doubt, cite” ( Under “Guidelines for avoiding “when in doubt, cite” ( Under “Guidelines for avoiding plagiarism”, ¶ 6)is very sound. It is unlikely that you will plagiarism”, ¶ 6)is very sound. It is unlikely that you will receive much in terms of point reductions for overciting, receive much in terms of point reductions for overciting, while not citing can result in serious consequences, which while not citing can result in serious consequences, which could include failing the assignment or failing the course could include failing the assignment or failing the course

(see UMD’s Student code of conduct).(see UMD’s Student code of conduct).

http://sja.ucdavis.edu/files/plagiarism.pdf

Three broad acts considered Three broad acts considered plagiarismplagiarism

-failing to cite-failing to cite

-failing to quote-failing to quote

-failing to paraphrase correctly-failing to paraphrase correctly

(Hacker, 1998 as quoted in Duckart, 2007, (Hacker, 1998 as quoted in Duckart, 2007, ¶2)¶2)

See the following link for Diana Hacker’s See the following link for Diana Hacker’s additional explanations on this:additional explanations on this:

http://users.humboldt.edu/tduckart/Plagiarism.htm

Avoiding PlagiarismAvoiding Plagiarism

Common ErrorsCommon Errors– Missing attribution (author)Missing attribution (author)– Missing Quotation MarksMissing Quotation Marks– Inadequate CitationInadequate Citation– Paraphrase relies too heavily on sourceParaphrase relies too heavily on source– Distortion of meaningDistortion of meaning– Missing Works Cited (References) entryMissing Works Cited (References) entry– Inadequate citation of imagesInadequate citation of images

(Faigley, 2006, p. (Faigley, 2006, p. 231)231)

Additional resourcesAdditional resources

Is it plagiarism yet?Is it plagiarism yet?http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/589/02/

Safe practices to avoid plagiarismSafe practices to avoid plagiarismhttp://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/589/04/

Citations within the text of Citations within the text of documentdocument

When citing a source with a direct When citing a source with a direct quote, quote, you must you must include author, include author, date, and page number date, and page number

Example:Example:

Reichert (2011)Reichert (2011) states that “human rights states that “human rights define the needs and also the set of define the needs and also the set of rights that each individual may claim, rights that each individual may claim, no matter where he or she residesno matter where he or she resides”” (p.(p. 2)2)..

Citations using direct quotesCitations using direct quotes

Another example:Another example:

Human rights “define the needs and Human rights “define the needs and also the set of rights that each also the set of rights that each individual may claim, no matter where individual may claim, no matter where he or she resideshe or she resides”” ((Reichert, 2011,Reichert, 2011, p.p. 2)2)..

Note: In the case of Note: In the case of online documentsonline documents which don’t have page numbers, a which don’t have page numbers, a paragraph number is required; this is paragraph number is required; this is written written (para. 4).(para. 4).

Example for 40 or more words Example for 40 or more words in quote:in quote:

Rhodes (1963)Rhodes (1963) discusses another discusses another approach to glazing:approach to glazing:

An englobe, or a slip, is layer of colored clay An englobe, or a slip, is layer of colored clay applied to the surface of a piece of pottery applied to the surface of a piece of pottery

to to change its color or to add some decorative change its color or to add some decorative accent. There are many ways of accent. There are many ways of

developing, developing, coloringcoloring, , aging, and applying aging, and applying englobes.englobes. (p. 160)(p. 160)

but be sure to double space the quotation!but be sure to double space the quotation!

Citations without direct Citations without direct quotesquotes

When citing a source without using a When citing a source without using a direct quote, include only author and direct quote, include only author and date. date.

Example DExample D

Rhodes (1963)Rhodes (1963) wrote extensively about using wrote extensively about using englobes to decorate ceramic works.englobes to decorate ceramic works.

Example EExample E

The use of englobes is one method of ceramic The use of englobes is one method of ceramic decoration decoration (Rhodes, 1963)(Rhodes, 1963)..

Format for Citing Multiple Format for Citing Multiple AuthorsAuthors

2 authors – cite both names (every time) 2 authors – cite both names (every time) separated by: and separated by: and oror & &

Example: (Day & Bye, 2000) Example: (Day & Bye, 2000) oror Day and Bye (2000) Day and Bye (2000) 3-5 authors – cite all authors 1st time 3-5 authors – cite all authors 1st time Example: (Falk, Raschick & Campbell, 2004);Example: (Falk, Raschick & Campbell, 2004);

After that use et al. After that use et al.

(Falk et al., 2004) (Falk et al., 2004) oror Falk et al. (2004) Falk et al. (2004) 6 or more authors – cite first author’s name 6 or more authors – cite first author’s name

and use et al. and use et al. Example: (Shepard et al., 2004) or Shepard et al. (2004)Example: (Shepard et al., 2004) or Shepard et al. (2004)

Text and Reference ListText and Reference List

There must be a direct tie between your There must be a direct tie between your in-tein-text citations and the Reference list at t citations and the Reference list at the end of your paper.the end of your paper.

Example:Example:

Day and Bye (2000) found that….Day and Bye (2000) found that….

Day, P., & Bye, L. (2000). Answers to MSW Day, P., & Bye, L. (2000). Answers to MSW student’s questions. student’s questions. Journal of Social Work Journal of Social Work Education, 28 Education, 28 (1), 24-35.(1), 24-35.

Not: Bye, L. & Day, P. (2002)…

Citation for personal Citation for personal communicationcommunication

Cite in text but do not include in Cite in text but do not include in reference listreference list

Example: A.B. Conrad (personal Example: A.B. Conrad (personal communication, May 22, 2010)communication, May 22, 2010)

oror

(A.B. Conrad, personal communication, (A.B. Conrad, personal communication, May 22, 2010)May 22, 2010)

General APA RulesGeneral APA Rules What you’re undoubtedly already doingWhat you’re undoubtedly already doing

– Using 1” margins on all sidesUsing 1” margins on all sides– Indenting each paragraph 1/2” (5Indenting each paragraph 1/2” (5––7 spaces)7 spaces)– Double spacing the textDouble spacing the text– Numbering each page and running headsNumbering each page and running heads– Using 12-point font Using 12-point font – Using a serif type face similar to Using a serif type face similar to Times New Times New

RomanRoman

Reference List FormatReference List Format

BooksBooks

General formatGeneral format

Smith, E. B. (2004). Smith, E. B. (2004). Title of work: Often a Title of work: Often a subtitle goes heresubtitle goes here. Location: . Location:

Publisher.Publisher.

Book edition other than the first Book edition other than the first editioneditionSmith, E. B., & Jones, C. D. (2005). Smith, E. B., & Jones, C. D. (2005). Title of Title of

bookbook (5 (5thth ed.). Location: Publisher. ed.). Location: Publisher.

Edited BooksEdited Books

Edited book with no authorsEdited book with no authorsDavis, A.B. & Morgan, C.D. (Eds.). Davis, A.B. & Morgan, C.D. (Eds.).

(2006). (2006). Title: Insert a subtitle hereTitle: Insert a subtitle here. . Location: Publisher.Location: Publisher.

Edited book with authorEdited book with authorSmith, E. B.(2006). Smith, E. B.(2006). Title Title (A.B. Davis, (A.B. Davis,

Ed.).Ed.).Location: Publisher.Location: Publisher.

Article or Chapter in Edited Article or Chapter in Edited BookBook

●Single author and editorSingle author and editor

Smith, E. B. (2005). Title of chapter. In A. Smith, E. B. (2005). Title of chapter. In A. Davis (Ed.), Davis (Ed.), Title of book Title of book (pp. 67(pp. 67––75).75). Location: Publisher.Location: Publisher.

●●Multiple authors and editorsMultiple authors and editors

Smith, E. B., & Jones, C. D. (2005). Title of Smith, E. B., & Jones, C. D. (2005). Title of chapter. In A. Davis, B. Smith, & C. chapter. In A. Davis, B. Smith, & C. Rodriguez (Eds.), Rodriguez (Eds.), Title of bookTitle of book (pp. 76 (pp. 76––89). Location: Publisher.89). Location: Publisher.

* * Note that names of editors are not inverted, Note that names of editors are not inverted, when they are in this position in the citationwhen they are in this position in the citation

Periodical in Reference ListPeriodical in Reference List

PeriodicalPeriodical– Jones, M. V. (2004). Title of article. Jones, M. V. (2004). Title of article. Title Title

of Periodicalof Periodical, 77, 101, 77, 101–124.–124.

– Smith, Q. R. (2003). Title of article. Smith, Q. R. (2003). Title of article. Title Title of Periodical,of Periodical, 28 28 (4), 24–35. (4), 24–35. In this example, the (4) is the issue number, In this example, the (4) is the issue number,

which is included if each issue begins with which is included if each issue begins with page 1.page 1.

Titles: Book, journal and Titles: Book, journal and articlearticle

((ItalicsItalics and Capitalization) and Capitalization)Book title: Here is my title: A guidebookHere is my title: A guidebook. .

Journal article title (no italics): Everything you Everything you wanted to know about APA: But forgot to ask.wanted to know about APA: But forgot to ask.

(Note: books and articles are not capitalized throughout. They use (Note: books and articles are not capitalized throughout. They use sentence type capitalization with caps inserted only for a proper sentence type capitalization with caps inserted only for a proper name or the first word after name or the first word after :: or or --))

Journal titles (capitalized & italicized throughout):Journal of Strange Sightings and Bad JokesJournal of Strange Sightings and Bad Jokes

Electronic/Internet sourcesElectronic/Internet sources

Let your reader know where to find Let your reader know where to find the material you are citing by the material you are citing by providing an accurate address/URL.providing an accurate address/URL.

>For some examples go to FAQ at APA >For some examples go to FAQ at APA >For more details go to the OWL at >For more details go to the OWL at

Purdue Writing Lab Materials @ Purdue Writing Lab Materials @ http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/1http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/10/0/

Citing Internet materialCiting Internet material

Some of the different types of online Some of the different types of online sources to be aware of: sources to be aware of:

-Articles from an Online journal-Articles from an Online journal

-Newspaper Articles-Newspaper Articles

-Electronic Books-Electronic Books

-Nonperiodical web document, web -Nonperiodical web document, web page page or reportor report

-Government Report-Government Report

Online journal article with a Online journal article with a DOIDOI

When available include the DOI When available include the DOI (digital object identifier) in the (digital object identifier) in the referencereference

Example:Example:

Hardy, S.A., & Jones, B.T. (Date of Hardy, S.A., & Jones, B.T. (Date of publication). Title of article. publication). Title of article. Title of Title of Journal, volume numberJournal, volume number. . doi:0000000/000000000000doi:0000000/000000000000

Online Journal without a DOIOnline Journal without a DOI

Thompson, A. A., & Smith, B. B. (Date of Thompson, A. A., & Smith, B. B. (Date of publication). Title of article. publication). Title of article. Title of Journal, Title of Journal, volume numbervolume number. Retrieved from . Retrieved from http://www.journalhomepage.com/full/url/http://www.journalhomepage.com/full/url/

Bernstein, M. (2002). 10 tips on writing the living Bernstein, M. (2002). 10 tips on writing the living Web. Web. A List Apart: For People Who Make A List Apart: For People Who Make Websites, 149Websites, 149. Retrieved from . Retrieved from http://www.alistapart.com/articles/writelivinghttp://www.alistapart.com/articles/writeliving

Note: If no DOI is assigned and your retrieved the article Note: If no DOI is assigned and your retrieved the article online, give the URL of the online, give the URL of the journaljournal homepage homepage

Newspaper articles from Newspaper articles from online sourceonline source

Author, A. ( year, Month day). Title of Author, A. ( year, Month day). Title of article. article. Title of NewspaperTitle of Newspaper. Retrieved . Retrieved from from http://www.someaddress.com/full/url/http://www.someaddress.com/full/url/

Parker-Pope, T. ( 2008, May 6). Parker-Pope, T. ( 2008, May 6). Psychiatry handbook linked to drug Psychiatry handbook linked to drug industry. industry. The New York TimesThe New York Times. . Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.comRetrieved from http://www.nytimes.com

Nonperiodical Web Nonperiodical Web Document, Web Page or Document, Web Page or

ReportReport Author, A. A., & Second, B. B. (Date of Author, A. A., & Second, B. B. (Date of

publication). publication). Title of Document. Title of Document. Retrieved Retrieved from http://www.web addressfrom http://www.web address

UMD Department of Social Work (n.d.). UMD Department of Social Work (n.d.). Desk top computer instructions. Retrieved from Retrieved from http://www.d.umn.edu/sw/tech/Guidelines.htmhttp://www.d.umn.edu/sw/tech/Guidelines.htm

Mohr, C. (2011). Mohr, C. (2011). Achievement gap in the Twin Cities: How Achievement gap in the Twin Cities: How are we doing and what shows promise? are we doing and what shows promise? Retrieved from Retrieved from http://www.wilder.org/fileadmin/wilder/pdf/research/Achievehttp://www.wilder.org/fileadmin/wilder/pdf/research/AchievementGap_TCDPNew_Normal_Oct13_2011_PUBLIC.pdfmentGap_TCDPNew_Normal_Oct13_2011_PUBLIC.pdf

For additional information For additional information on reference lists and in on reference lists and in

text citationtext citation

General overviewGeneral overview http://www.dianahacker.com/resdoc/http://www.dianahacker.com/resdoc/

p04_c09_o.htmlp04_c09_o.html

And this in particular for citingAnd this in particular for citing http://bcs.bedfordstmartins.com/resdoc5e/http://bcs.bedfordstmartins.com/resdoc5e/

RES5e_ch09_o.html#RES5e_ch09RES5e_ch09_o.html#RES5e_ch09

ReferencesReferences

American Psychological Association (2010). Publication Manual American Psychological Association (2010). Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association ( 6of the American Psychological Association ( 6thth Ed.). Ed.). Washington, D.C.: APA.Washington, D.C.: APA.

Duckart, T. (2007). Duckart, T. (2007). Avoiding PlagiarismAvoiding Plagiarism. Retrieved October 19, . Retrieved October 19, 2009, from 2009, from http://users.humboldt.edu/tduckart/Plagiarism.htmhttp://users.humboldt.edu/tduckart/Plagiarism.htm

Faigley, L. ( 2006). The brief Penguin handbook (2Faigley, L. ( 2006). The brief Penguin handbook (2ndnd Ed.). New Ed.). New York: Pearson Education Inc.York: Pearson Education Inc.

UC Davis (2006). UC Davis (2006). Avoiding plagiarism: Mastering the art of Avoiding plagiarism: Mastering the art of scholarshipscholarship. Retrieved October 19, 2009 from. Retrieved October 19, 2009 from

http://sja.ucdavis.edu/files/plagiarism.pdfhttp://sja.ucdavis.edu/files/plagiarism.pdf

( don’t forget to double space!)( don’t forget to double space!)