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USESUSESguia del USES 4.0.
http://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/rapporten/601450012.html
EUSESEUSES
(European Union System for the Evaluation of Substances)
Multimedia Transport and Transformation Model
According to the supporting Technical Guidance Documents
(TGD) for European risk assessment
Euses:
http://ecb.jrc.it/Euses/
EUSESEUSES
Aim:
To harmonise risk assessment in a systematic and transparent
approach
Include :
Emission, exposure, bio-effects and risk estimation for the
environment and humans
–EUSES
–Stand-alone application
– Multimedia models for:- emissions- transport & transformation- exposure of man and environment
– Effects assessment for man and environment
– Risk characterisation for man and environment
– Conservative results as ‘reasonable worst-cases’
– 3 spatial scales (personal, local, regional)
– 2 time scales:- long-term, sub-/chronic
- short-term, acute
– Uses equations of the Technical Guidance Documents (TGD) of the EU
The local scale of EUSES generic world. The local point source emitting directly ore indirectly into the different compartments [EUSES 1.00]
Visualisation of the complexity
of EUSES
– 466 parameters
– 967 connections (dependencies)
[Berding, Schwartz, Matthies (1999)]
Complexity of EUSES [Berding et al. (1999)]
PhysicochemicalProperties
Molecular weightBoiling PointMelting Point
Water SolubilityVapour PressureOctanol Water
partition Coeffizient
MammalianAcute Toxicity
Oral LD50Oral discriminatory dose
Dermal LD50Inhalation LD50
Mammalian(Sub-)chronic Toxicity
Oral NOAL/LOAELInhalatory NOAEL/LOAEL
Dermal NOAEL/LOAELNOAEL/LOAEL via food
Inhalatory (fibre) NOAEL/LOAEL
Birds effect inputLC50 in avian dietary study
NOAELNOAEL via food
Mammalian effects input
Characterization of Biodegradabilitydegradation rates inAir, Soil and Water
Human effects input(sub-)chronic
Oral NOAL/LOAELInhalatory NOAEL/LOAEL
Dermal NOAEL/LOAELDermal NOAE/LOAEL in mediumInhalatory (fibre) NOAEL/LOAEL
Current classificationof the substance
corrosive ?irritating to skin or eyes ?
causing sensation to skin or eyes?causes cancer?
Release estimation
Continental
Regional
Local
AirWastewater
Surface waterIndustrial soil
Agricultural soil
Production volumesCharacterization and tonnage
HPV chemical?Volume of chemical imported
exported to EU
ProductionFormulationProcessingPrivate useRecovery
Emission to-Air
-Wastewater
Ecosystem
Micro-organism effect input data
EC50 MO in STPEC10 for MO in a STPNOEC for MO in a STP
Aquatic effect input LC50/NOEC for fish
LC50/NOEC for daphniaEC50/NOEC for algae
LC50/NOEC for other aquaticspecies
Terrestrial effect inputLC50/NOEC for earthworms
LC50/NOEC for plantsEC50/NOEC micro-organisms
LC50/NOEC other terrestrian species
Humans Fate
Input data for EUSES used in the Naphtha assessment
PhysicochemicalProperties
Molecular weightBoiling PointMelting Point
Water SolubilityVapour PressureOctanol Water
partition Coeffizient
MammalianAcute Toxicity
Oral LD50Oral discriminatory dose
Dermal LD50Inhalation LD50
Mammalian(Sub-)chronic Toxicity
Oral NOAL/LOAELInhalatory NOAEL/LOAEL
Dermal NOAEL/LOAELNOAEL/LOAEL via food
Inhalatory (fibre) NOAEL/LOAEL
Birds effect inputLC50 in avian dietary study
NOAELNOAEL via food
Mammalian effects input
Characterization of Biodegradabilitydegradation rates inAir, Soil and Water
Human effects input(sub-)chronic
Oral NOAL/LOAELInhalatory NOAEL/LOAEL
Dermal NOAEL/LOAELDermal NOAE/LOAEL in mediumInhalatory (fibre) NOAEL/LOAEL
Current classificationof the substance
corrosive ?irritating to skin or eyes ?
causing sensation to skin or eyes?causes cancer?
Release estimation
Continental
Regional
Local
AirWastewater
Surface waterIndustrial soil
Agricultural soil
Production volumesCharacterization and tonnage
HPV chemical?Volume of chemical imported
exported to EU
ProductionFormulationProcessingPrivate useRecovery
Emission to-Air
-Wastewater
Ecosystem
Micro-organism effect input data
EC50 MO in STPEC10 for MO in a STPNOEC for MO in a STP
Aquatic effect input LC50/NOEC for fish
LC50/NOEC for daphniaEC50/NOEC for algae
LC50/NOEC for other aquaticspecies
Terrestrial effect inputLC50/NOEC for earthworms
LC50/NOEC for plantsEC50/NOEC micro-organisms
LC50/NOEC other terrestrian species
Humans Fate
Input data for EUSES used in the Naphtha assessment
PhysicochemicalProperties
Molecular weightBoiling PointMelting Point
Water SolubilityVapour PressureOctanol Water
partition Coeffizient
MammalianAcute Toxicity
Oral LD50Oral discriminatory dose
Dermal LD50Inhalation LD50
Mammalian(Sub-)chronic Toxicity
Oral NOAL/LOAELInhalatory NOAEL/LOAEL
Dermal NOAEL/LOAELNOAEL/LOAEL via food
Inhalatory (fibre) NOAEL/LOAEL
Birds effect inputLC50 in avian dietary study
NOAELNOAEL via food
Mammalian effects input
Characterization of Biodegradabilitydegradation rates inAir, Soil and Water
Human effects input(sub-)chronic
Oral NOAL/LOAELInhalatory NOAEL/LOAEL
Dermal NOAEL/LOAELDermal NOAE/LOAEL in mediumInhalatory (fibre) NOAEL/LOAEL
Current classificationof the substance
corrosive ?irritating to skin or eyes ?
causing sensation to skin or eyes?causes cancer?
Release estimation
Continental
Regional
Local
AirWastewater
Surface waterIndustrial soil
Agricultural soil
Production volumesCharacterization and tonnage
HPV chemical?Volume of chemical imported
exported to EU
ProductionFormulationProcessingPrivate useRecovery
Emission to-Air
-Wastewater
Ecosystem
Micro-organism effect input data
EC50 MO in STPEC10 for MO in a STPNOEC for MO in a STP
Aquatic effect input LC50/NOEC for fish
LC50/NOEC for daphniaEC50/NOEC for algae
LC50/NOEC for other aquaticspecies
Terrestrial effect inputLC50/NOEC for earthworms
LC50/NOEC for plantsEC50/NOEC micro-organisms
LC50/NOEC other terrestrian species
Humans Fate
Input data for EUSES used in the Naphtha assessment
Overview over the EUSES software structure
PEC: The Predicted Environmental Concentration
Is the concentration in the environment or food which is predicted by a model.
PNEC: The Predicted No Effect Concentration
Is a concentration level in the environment or food below which adverse effects are most likely not to occur.
RCR (EUSES): Risk Characterisation RCR (EUSES): Risk Characterisation RatioRatio
RCR is the ratio of the Predicted Environmental Concentration and the Predicted No-Effect Concentration (RCR = PEC/PNEC) and expresses the likelihood of adverse effects to occur. Margin of Safety (MOS) (EUSES):Margin of Safety (MOS) (EUSES):
Is the ratio ‘effect level’/’exposure level’=MOS and describes the degree of risk.
A significant influence on all PECs have:
the melting point,emissions to regional air,the wind speed,the atmospheric mixing height.
.
The soil-PECs are strongly affected by:
the degradation rate in soil,the vapour pressure,the aerosol collection efficiency,the specific mixing depth,the constant of Junge equation,the volume fraction of solids in soil,the density of solid phase,the surface area of aerosol particles,partially by the average daily precipitation the octanol-water partition coefficient
The water/sediment-PECs depend on:
the volume fraction of water in sediment,the fraction connected to STP,partially on the octanol-water partition coefficient,partially on the average daily precipitation,partially on the weight fraction of organic carbon in suspended matter,partially on the density of water phase.
Comparison - Outputs
– on site / off site concentrations in air, water, sediment, plants and soil
– concentrations in breast milk, fish, milk, meat, eggs, tap/swimming water
– daily human doses by inhalation, ingestion (breast milk, water, milk, meat, fish, soil) and dermal uptake
– individual human lifetime risk attributable to exposures over a certain period
– soil clean-up goals (depending on a target risk)
EUSESCalTOX
– estimates for releases to air, water and soil, life cycle step-wise and spatial scale
– predicted environmental concentrations (PEC) in surface water, air, soils and sediment
– concentrations in fish, plants, drinking water, milk, meat
– exposure of consumers via products
– workplace exposure of humans
– daily human doses by inhalation, ingestion (water, milk, meat, fish, crops), dermal contact
– Predicted No-Effect Concentrations (PNEC) in the environment
– Risk Characterisation Ratio for the environment (RCR=PEC/PNEC) =
likelihood of adverse effects occurring
– Margin Of Safety for humans (MOS= ‘effect’/’exposure’) = degree of risk
Comparison -Applicability
– non-ionic organic chemicals, radionuclides, fully dissociating in-/ organic chemicals, solid-phase metal species, partially dissociated in-/organic species
– site specific
– very low concentrations (not exceeding the solubility limit in any phase)
– long time scales (preferably one year to decades)
– areas greater than 1000 m2 with a water fraction of max. 10 % of the surface area
EUSESEUSESCalTOXCalTOX
– unacceptable errors may occur
assessing: poorly soluble, inorganic or
ionisable substances
– petroleum can only be assessed using
the Hydrocarbon Block Method (HBM)
– not site specific without proper data
adjustments
– several hazards are not considered:
global warming, ozone depletion,
acidification, eutrophication, etc.
– short and long time scales
– all spatial scales smaller than
continental areas
Comparison -
Benefits
– easy export/import of data/results for
visualisation
– possibility of Dynamic Data Exchange
(DDE) to other applications from
within Excel
– applicability of sensibility/uncertainty
analysis
– relatively well structured
input/output sections
– easy to understand and use
EUSESCalTOX– assessment for the environment and
humans
– implemented step by step input of the necessary data
– control of the range of the data introduced by the user
– possibility of introducing the data in different units
– great amount of different output data
– estimation routines for a lot of the necessary data (emissions, effects, etc.)
– great amount of European default data
– wide range of time and spatial scales
– implemented life cycle steps
Comparison Disadvantages
– only risk assessments for humans
– the implemented macros do not run
very well
– no control of the range of the values
introduced by the user
– fixed units
– default data are valid for California
(and therefore not applicable for
European risk assessment)
– limited applicability for short term
exposure and small areas/sites
– limited output of risk values
(only non/cancer risk for humans)
EUSESCalTOX
– very complex and difficult to understand
– data exchange/export is very difficult if
not impossible and does not work
automatically
– sensitivity/uncertainty analysis are not
applicable
– graphical visualisation of the results is
not implemented