user guide version 4.pdf

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A cement and concrete industry publication

User Guide to RC Spreadsheets: v4(Addendum to v3)User Guide to Excel Spreadsheets for reinforced concrete design to BS EN 1992:2004Part 1-1 and its UK National Annex (incl AMD 1) and BS 8110: Part 1, 1997 (incl Amd 4)

C H Goodchild BSc CEng MCIOB MIStructE

R M Webster CEng FIStructE


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ForewordThis 4th edition or version 4 of the User Guide to the RC Spreadsheets is intended to be read as an addendumto the version 3 publication[1] published in July 2006. This 4th edition covers revisions to the Eurocode series ofspreadsheets (produced by The Concrete Centre) that have proved necessary following publication of amendmentAMD 1 to the UK National Annex to Eurocode 2 in December 2009 and subsequent withdrawal of BS 8110in March 2010. It also formally introduces ve new spreadsheets in the Eurocode series and gives additionalcommentary on others.RC-spreadsheets:v4 is intended to help with the rapid production of clear and accurate design calculations forreinforced concrete elements to both Eurocode 2 and BS 8110-1:1997.The rst version of this publication and the spreadsheets were produced by the Reinforced Concrete Council (RCC).Since its release in 2000 the spreadsheets have proved enormously popular and have been maintained by the RCCand its successor, The Concrete Centre.

AcknowledgementsThe ideas and illustrations come from many sources. The help and guidance received from many individuals aregratefully acknowledged.

Thanks are due to members of the original project’s Advisory Group for their time and effort in helping to make theproject feasible and in bringing it to fruition. The members of the Advisory Group are listed on the inside back cover.

TCC55X Axial Column Shortening (24 storeys) was sponsored by Adams Kara Taylor.

Published by MPA - The Concrete Centre

Riverside House, 4 Meadows Business Park, Station Approach, Blackwater, Camberley, Surrey GU17 9ABTel: +44 (0)1276 606800 Fax:+44 (0)1276 606801

CCIP-053. Published August 2010. © MPA - The Concrete Centre

User Guide v1 published by the British Cement Association on behalf of the Reinforced Concrete Council.User Guide v2 published electronically by The Concrete Centre.User Guide v3 published by The Concrete Centre. CCIP-008 - July 2006

CCIP publications are produced on behalf of the Cement and Concrete Industry Publications Forum – an industryinitiative to publish technical guidance in support of concrete design and construction.

CCIP publications are available from the Concrete Bookshop atwww.concretebookshop.comTel: +44 (0)7004 607777

All advice or information from MPA - The Concrete Centre is intended for those who will evaluate the signicance and limitations of its contentsand take responsibility for its use and application. No liability (including that for negligence) for any loss resulting from such advice or informationis accepted by MPA - The Concrete Centre or their subcontractors, suppliers or advisors. Readers should note that MPA - The Concrete Centrepublications are subject to revision from time to time and should therefore ensure that they are in possession of the latest version.


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User Guide to

RC Spreadsheets: v4(Addendum to v3)

ContentsCONTENTS IN FULL AND LOCATION OF GUIDANCE 2

INTRODUCTION 4GENERAL NOTES 6

USING THE SPREADSHEETS 8

AMENDMENTS TO V3 SPREADSHEET DESCRIPTIONS 9

ADDITIONAL SPREADSHEETS TO EUROCODE 2 11

TCC15 Axially Loaded Walls and Columns 11

TCC22 FE Assistant 12

TCC55X Axial Column Shortening 14

TCC62 Retaining Wall Design 16

TCC63 Core Wall Design 21

TCC94 Two Way Slab 24

REFERENCES 27

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Contents


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User Guide

v3 v4

INTRODUCTION 1 4

GENERAL NOTES 3 6

Using the spreadsheets 10 8

Amendments to V3 spreadsheet descriptions 9

Menu.xls 16

SPREADSHEETS TO EUROCODE 2 179 11General notes to Eurocode 2 versions 181

Elements TCC11 Element Design.xls 185

TCC12 Bending and Axial Force.xls 194

TCC13 Slab Punching.xls 196 9*

TCC14 Crack Width.xls 201

TCC15 Resistance of Axially Loaded Walls/Slabs 11

Analysis TCC21 Subframe Analysis.xls 205

TCC22 FE Assistant 12

Slabs TCC31 One-way Slabs.xls 208

TCC31R Rigorous One-way Slabs.xls 214

TCC32 Ribbed Slabs (A&D).xls 221

TCC33 Flat Slabs (A&D).xls 228

TCC33X Flat Slabs (A&D).xls 237

Beams TCC41 Continuous Beams.xls 243 9*

TCC41R Rigorous Continuous Beams.xls 249

TCC42 Post-tensioned Analysis & Design.xls (Beta) 256

TCC43 Wide Beams (A & D).xls 264

Columns TCC51 Column Load Take-down Design.xls 270

TCC52 Column Chart generation.xls 276

TCC53 Column Design.xls 278

TCC54 Circular Column Design.xls 280

TCC55 Axial Column Shortening.xls 282 10*

TCC55X Axial Column Shortening (24 storeys) 14

Walls TCC62 Retaining Wall Design.xls 16

TCC63 Core Wall Design 21

Stairs TCC71 Stair Flight & Landing - Single.xls 284

Foundations TCC81 Foundation Pads.xls 287

TCC82 Pilecap Design.xls 291

Tabular versions TCC94 Two Way Slab 24

Contents in full and location of guidanceContents in full and location of guidance in User Guides to RC Spreadsheets: v3 and v4

2

* Amendment


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Contents in full and location of guidance

User Guide

v3 v4

SPREADSHEETS TO BS 8110 17

Elements RCC11 Element Design.xls 19

RCC12 Bending and Axial Force.xls 26

RCC13 Punching Shear.xls 28

RCC14 Crack Width.xls 33

Analysis RCC21 Subframe Analysis.xls 35Slabs RCC31 One-way Solid Slabs (A & D).xls 38

RCC31R Rigorous One-way Slabs.xls 43

RCC32 Ribbed Slabs (A & D).xls 50

RCC32R Rigorous Ribbed Slabs.xls 56

RCC33 Flat Slabs (A & D).xls 64

Beams RCC41 Continuous Beams (A & D).xls 72

RCC41R Rigorous Continuous Beams (A & D).xls 78

RCC42 Post-tensioned Slabs & Beams (A & D).xls 85

RCC43 Wide Beams (A & D).xls 107

Columns RCC51 Column Load Take-down & Design.xls 113

RCC52 Column Chart generation.xls 118

RCC53 Column Design.xls 120

RCC54 Circular column charting.xls 123

Walls RCC61 Basement Wall.xls 125

RCC62 Retaining Wall.xls 132

Stairs RCC71 Stair Flight & Landing - Single.xls 139

RCC72 Stairs & Landings - Multiple.xls 142

Foundations RCC81 Foundation Pads.xls 146

RCC82 Pilecap Design.xls 149

Tabular versions RCC91 One-way Solid Slabs (Tables).xls 158

RCC92 Ribbed Slabs (Tables).xls 161

RCC93 Flat Slabs (Tables).xls 166

RCC94 Two-way Slabs (Tables).xls 173

RCC95 Continuous Beams (Tables).xls 175

ADMIN FOLDER 298

REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING 299 27

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The RC spreadsheets were originally producedunder the Reinforced Concrete Council’s project,‘Spreadsheets for concrete design to BS 8110 and EC2’.They were released in January 2000 and have beenmaintained and extended by the RCC and its successorThe Concrete Centre. They continue to be supported byThe Concrete Centre.

Version 4 of the User Guide covers version 4 ofthe spreadsheets. The Concrete Centre seriesof spreadsheets have been updated in line withamendment 1 of the UK National Annex to Eurocode 2in December 2009. Whilst BS 8110 was ‘withdrawn’ by

BSI early in 2010, it was recognised that some projectsand indeed some practitioners may wish to continueusing this standard in the short to medium term. Thusthe RCC series of spreadsheets have been updated andare reissued.

In 2006, the introduction of Eurocode 2[2], itsNational Annex and Amendment of BS 8110:1997[3] necessitated the revision of all the spreadsheetsproduced to that date and the publication of version 3of the User Guide. The third edition of the User Guideprovided guidance on the use of all spreadsheetsproduced to July 2006.

The vast majority of version 3 of the User Guideremains valid and the decision was made thatversion 4 should take the form of an addendumto version 3. Therefore only those areas that aresignificantly different or new are contained in version4. For instance, version 4 formally introduces five newspreadsheets to the Eurocodes. Detailed descriptionsof the majority of spreadsheets will be found in version3 of the User Guide.

For the experienced engineer, the spreadsheets allowthe rapid production of clear and accurate designcalculations. The spreadsheets allow younger users tounderstand concrete design and help them to gainexperience by studying their own ‘what if’ scenarios. Theindividual user should be able to answer his/ her ownquestions by chasing through the cells to understandthe logic used. Cells within each spreadsheet can beinterrogated and can have their formulae checkedand values traced. The original spreadsheets reflecteda consensus of opinion on several design issues.

The version 3 Eurocode 2 spreadsheets reflecteda consensus of opinion of a limited number ofengineers. Version 4 Eurocode spreadsheets benefitfrom a few years use - students and young engineersmay follow the ‘model’ calculations presented in thespreadsheets to form an understanding of currentreinforced concrete design.

The spreadsheets are intended to follow normal designpractice and cater for the design of low- to medium-rise multi-storey concrete framed buildings. They areoffered as shareware. However, users are required toregister when using them in any commercial capacity*.

The original project was jointly funded by the RCC andthe Department of the Environment Transport and theRegions (DETR) under its Partners in Technology scheme.It was made possible by the support and contributionsof time given by individual members of industry.The project was managed by the RCC and guided byan 80-strong Advisory Group of interested parties,

including consulting engineers and software houses.In producing the original spreadsheets several issueshad to be addressed. Firstly, which spreadsheet packageshould be used? Excel (© Microsoft Corporation)appeared to hold about 70% of the market amongststructural engineers and was thus adopted. Morespecifically, Excel ’97© was originally adopted asbeing de facto the most widely available spreadsheetin the field. To avoid complications, it was decidednot to produce corresponding versions using otherspreadsheet packages. The spreadsheets are compatiblewith later versions of Excel.

Whilst the spreadsheets to BS 8110 provide aconsensus of current commercial reinforced concretedesign practice, the spreadsheets to Eurocode 2,provide a consensus of design procedures to thisnew design code. The introduction of Eurocode 2 willprovide commercial opportunities for those who areprepared to use it. The spreadsheets should help withthe transition between Eurocode 2 and BS 8110.

It is believed that both novices and experienced usersof spreadsheets will be convinced that spreadsheetshave a great potential for teaching BS 8110 andEurocode 2, improving concrete design and, aboveall, improving the concrete design and constructionprocess.

Version 2.xThe version 2.x released in 2003[4] introduced newspreadsheets to BS 8110, to the more finalised EN1992-1-1 (Eurocode 2) and an overarching menuspreadsheet. Previously issued spreadsheets to BS8110 were updated.

Introduction

4

* Registration is through The Concrete Bookshopwww.concretebookshop.com


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Introduction

The new spreadsheets introduced were: Menu

BS 8110

RCC31R Rigorous One-way Slabs RCC32R Rigorous Ribbed Slabs RCC41R Rigorous Continuous Beams RCC43 Wide Beams (A&D) RCC54 Circular Column Design RCC82 Pilecap Design

Eurocode 2

RCCen11 Element Design

RCCen12 Bending and Axial Force RCCen13 Punching Shear RCCen14 Crack Width RCCen21 Subframe analysis RCCen31 One-way Solid Slabs (A & D) RCCen31R Rigorous* One-way Solid Slabs RCCen32 Ribbed Slabs (A & D) RCCen33 Flat Slabs (A & D) RCCen41 Continuous beams (A & D)

RCCen41R Rigorous* Continuous Beams RCCen43 Wide Beams (A&D) RCCen52 Column Chart generation RCCen53 Column Design RCCen55 Axial Column Shortening RCCen81 Foundation Pads RCCen82 Pilecap Design

Version 3The release of version 3 of the spreadsheets followedthe publication of BS EN 1992-1-1 (Eurocode 2)[2] and the UK National Annex and the publicationof Amendment 3 to BS 8110 Part 1: 1987. Therequirements within these documents necessitated therevision of all previously published spreadsheets. Theopportunity was taken to introduce new spreadsheetsas follows:

BS 8110

RCC82 Pilecap Design

Eurocode 2

TCC33X Flat Slabs (Whole oor) TCC41R Rigorous Continuous Beams TCC42 Post-tensioned Slabs and Beams

(A&D) (b version) TCC43 Wide Beams (A&D) TCC54 Circular Column Charting

TCC71 Stair Flight and Landing - single TCC81 Foundation Pads TCC82 Pilecap Design

Spreadsheets numbered RCCen11, RCCen12 etcreleased as Beta versions were released for use asTCC11, TCC12 etc.

Version 4The release of version 4 of the spreadsheets followsthe publication of amendment AMD 1 of the UKNational Annex to Eurocode 2 to BS EN 1992-1-1(Eurocode 2)[2] Whilst BS 8110 was ‘withdrawn’ by BSIearly in 2010, it was recognised that some projects andindeed some practitioners may wish to continue using

this standard in the short to medium term. Thus theRCC series of spreadsheets have been updated and arereissued. The opportunity has been taken to formallyintroduce new spreadsheets as follows:

Eurocode 2

TCC15 Resistance of Axially Loaded Walls/slabs TCC22 FE Assistant TCC62 Retaining Wall Design TCC63 Core Wall Design

TCC94 Two Way Slab

Using and improving thespreadsheetsSince their release in 2000 the spreadsheets haveproved to be enormously popular. They may now beregarded as having now been thoroughly tested byengineers in practice but this does not mean thatthey are infallible! The user is referred to Managingthe spreadsheets and other General Notes that follow.

The usefulness and robustness of previous spreadsheetshave been enhanced by user feedback. Please [email protected] with any suggestions orcomments. Comments or suggestions for improvementare welcomed. Contact The Concrete Centre’s Helpdeskat [email protected].

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Managing the spreadsheets

UseSpreadsheets can be a very powerful tool. Their usehas become increasingly common in the preparationof design calculations. They save time, money andeffort. They provide the facility to optimise designsand they can help instill experience. However, thesebenefits have to be weighed against the risks associatedwith any endeavour. These risks must be recognisedand managed. In other words appropriate levels ofsupervision and checking, including self-checking, must,as always, be exercised when using these spreadsheets.

AdvantagesFor the experienced engineer, the spreadsheets helpin the rapid production of clear and accurate designcalculations for reinforced concrete elements. Thecontents are intended to be sufficient to allow thedesign of low to medium-rise multi-storey concreteframed buildings.

Spreadsheets allow users to gain experience by studyingtheir own ‘what if’ scenarios. Should they have queries,

individual users should be able to answer their ownquestions by chasing through the cells to understandthe logic used. Cells within each spreadsheet can beinterrogated, formulae checked and values traced.Macleod[8] suggested that, in understanding structuralbehaviour, doing calculations is probably not a greatadvantage; being close to the results probably is.

Other benefits include quicker and more accuratereinforcement estimates, and the possibilities forelectronic data interchange (EDI). Standardised, or atleast rationalised, designs make the checking process

easier and quicker.

Appropriate useIn its deliberations[9] the Standing Committee onStructural Safety (SCOSS) noted the increasinglywide-spread availability of computer programs andcircumstances in which their misuse could lead tounsafe structures.

These circumstances include: People without adequate structural engineering

knowledge or training may carry out thestructural analysis.

There may be communication gaps betweenthe design initiator, the computer programdeveloper and the user.

A program may be used out of context. The checking process may not be sufciently

fundamental. The limitations of the program may not be

sufciently apparent to the user. For unusual structures, even experienced

engineers may not have the ability to spotweaknesses in programs for analysis and detailing.

The committee’s report continued: “Spreadsheets are,in principle, no different from other software…” Withregard to these spreadsheets and this publication,The Concrete Centre hopes to have addressed morespecific concerns by demonstrating “clear evidence ofadequate verification” by documenting the principles,theory and algorithms used in the spreadsheets. The

spreadsheets have also had the benefit of the AdvisoryGroup’s overview and inputs. Many, especially thespreadsheets to BS 8110, have had several yearsuse and maintenance. Inevitably, some unconsciousassumptions, inconsistencies, etc. will remain.

LiabilityA fundamental condition of use is that the useraccepts responsibility for the input and output of thecomputer and how it is used.

As with all software, users must be satisfied with theanswers these spreadsheets give and be confidentin their use. These spreadsheets can never be fullyvalidated but have been through Beta testing, bothformally and informally. However, users must satisfythemselves that the uses to which the spreadsheetsare put are appropriate.

ControlUsers and managers should be aware that spreadsheetscan be changed and must address change controland versions for use. The flexibility and ease of use

of spreadsheets, which account for their widespreadpopularity, also facilitate ad hoc and unstructuredapproaches to their subsequent development.

Quality Assurance procedures may dictate thatspreadsheets are treated as controlled documentsand subject to comparison and checks with previousmethods prior to adoption. Users’ Quality Assuranceschemes should address the issue of changes. Thepossibilities of introducing a company’s own password

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General notes


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General Notes

to the spreadsheets and/ or extending the revisionhistory contained within the sheet entitled Notes!might be considered.

ApplicationThe spreadsheets have been developed with thegoal of producing calculations to show compliancewith codes. Whilst this is the primary goal, there is aschool of thought[9] that designers are primarily paidfor producing specifications and drawings that workon site and are approved by clients and/ or checkingauthorities. Producing calculations happens to be asecondary exercise, regarded by many experiencedengineers as a hurdle on the way to getting the projectapproved and completed. From a business processpoint of view, the emphasis of the spreadsheets might,in future, change to establishing compliance oncemembers, loads and details are known. Certainly thismay be the preferred method of use by experiencedengineers.

The spreadsheets have been developed with the abilityfor users to input and use their own preferred materialproperties, bar sizes and spacings, etc. However, userpreferences should recognise moves for efficiencythrough standardisation.

Another long-term objective is automation. To thisend, spreadsheet contents might in future be arrangedso that input and output can be copied and pastedeasily by macros and/ or linked by the end-user. Thereare counter arguments about users needing to becloser to the calculations and results in order to ensurethey are properly considered – see Appropriate use onthe previous page.

We emphasise that it is up to the user how he/ she usesthe output. The spreadsheets have been produced tocater for both first-time users and the very experienced

without putting the first-time user off. Nonetheless,their potential applications are innumerable.

SummaryWith spreadsheets, long-term advantages and savingscome from repeated use but there are risks thatneed to be managed. Spreadsheets demand an initialinvestment in time and effort, but the rewards arethere for those who make the investment. Good designrequires sound judgement based on competencederived from adequate training and experience, not

just computer programs.

For further general notes on use, familiarisation andlayout of the spreadsheets the user is urged to consultthe handbook to version 3, to which this booklet is anaddendum.

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Frequently Asked Questions

MacrosWhen loading the individual spreadsheets, Excel maywarn about the presence of macros. All the macrosprovided in the files are either to allow automatedprinting of the ‘calculations’ or to provide choices byway of combo-boxes. The printing macros have beenassigned to buttons. Turning the macros off may affectthe actual function of the spreadsheets but willcertainly make printing of the sheets as configuredmore difficult and make the choice of options very

much more difficult.

FontsUnless the appropriate fonts Tekton and Marker(supplied in the CD-ROM) have been installed by theuser, the appearance on screen will be different fromthat intended. These upright fonts have been usedto emulate a designer’s handwriting and to allowadequate information to be shown across the pageand in each cell.

If problems are experienced it is most likely that thefonts on your computer screen will have defaulted tothe closest approximation of the fonts intended (e.g.the toolbar may say Tekton but a default font such asArial will have been used). The spreadsheets will workbut not as intended – ends of words may be missing,numbers may not fit cells resulting in a series of hashes,#####. Column width and cell overlap problems onlyoccur when the correct fonts are not loaded.

It is strongly recommended that the Tekton and Markerfonts are copied into your computer’s font library. The

Freeware fonts may be found in the Fonts folder onthe CD-ROM.

They may be copied in the following manner, either: Start/Settings/Control Panel/Fonts/ File/ Add

Fonts and when asked ‘copy fonts to systemdirectory?’ answer ‘yes’.

or Through Microsoft Explorer and copying (or

dragging) the font les into your font library,usually contained in Windows/ Set-up/ Fonts

HelpA printed copy of this User Guide is available from TheConcrete Bookshop www.concretebookshop.com. TheUser Guide is also available as an Adobe Acrobat fileUser Guide pdf (on the CD-ROM). A copy of AdobeAcrobat Reader will be required to read this file.

Help is also available at the following places: Within Excel under Help to the right hand side

of the spreadsheets, cells under OperatingInstructions contain help and error messages.

Queries may be emailed [email protected]. Preference will

be given to those who have registered.

SupportAny questions, comments, developments andsuggestions are welcomed. Please email them [email protected].

Preference will be given to those who are registered,as detailed above.

Availability/registrationThe spreadsheets may not be used for commercialpurposes until the user has purchased and validated alicence. Licences may be purchased from The ConcreteBookshop www.concretebookshop.com or via TheConcrete Centre website. Licences may be validatedvia www.concretecentre.com/rcspreadsheets. Thepurchase price includes:

Permission to use the spreadsheetsfor commercial purposes for at least one year

A hard copy of this publication and User Guideto RC Spreadsheets: v3

CD-ROM containing RC Spreadsheets: v4,together with Admin les, which themselvescontain fonts, issue sheets, user guide les etc.

Occasional e-mails to inform registrants of anyrevisions or changes to the spreadsheets orother relevant information

Details of how to download updates of thespreadsheets

Preferential treatment with regard to support

Further information, updates, FAQs, free trial downloadversions of some spreadsheets, latest news and otherinformation on the RC-Spreadsheet suite is availableon www.concretecentre.com/rcspreadsheets

Overseas useThe spreadsheets have been developed and maintainedfor use within the UK. The Concrete Centre reserves theright to pass details of non-UK registrants to any futureowner of the non-UK copyright or overseas distributorof the spreadsheets.

UpdatesRegistrants will be provided with information on howto download updates.

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Using the spreadsheets


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Amendments to v3 spreadsheet descriptions

Users should be aware of the following changes to thedescriptions given in version 3 of the User Guide.

All TCC spreadsheetsAll of the TCC series of spreadsheets to Eurocode 2have been revised in line with amendment AMD 1of the UK National Annex to Eurocode 2 publishedin December 2009. They have also been rebrandedto reflect The Concrete Centre becoming part of TheMineral Products Association.

Changes to the National Annex included: Use of BS 8500 for recommendations for

concrete quality for a particular exposure classand reinforcement cover.

Values of k1 and k2 in Cl 4.4.1.3(4) (cover to foundations rationalised)

Limiting value of coty where shear coexists with applied tension

Strength reduction factor for concrete cracked inshear (v1 in Cl 6.2.3(3))

Limit of vED < 2 vRdc at the rst punching shear perimeter (Cl 6.4.5(4))

Spacing of links in columns using concretestronger than C50/60

Clarication of crack width calculation(Table NA.4)

Revisions to span : depth verication ofdeection (Table NA.5, Notes 5 and 6)

Details of changes to individual spreadsheets maybe found in the Notes! sheet of each spreadsheet orwithin the latest version of Spreadsheet Issue sheet .xlswithin the ADMIN folder. Changes to span : depth andpunching shear calculations caused the more majoramendments to the spreadsheets. Amendments thatwarrant further discussion are outlined below.

It should be noted that the encastré option availablein many spreadsheets is intended to enable modellingof continuity of more than 6 spans.

All RCC spreadsheetsAll RCC spreadsheets have been subject to minorrevisions and have been rebranded to reflect TheConcrete Centre becoming part of The MineralProducts Association. These spreadsheets are suitablefor design calculations to the now withdrawn BS 8110(up to and including Amendment 4).

TCC13 Slab Punching.xlsVersion 4 has been updated to revised UK NationalAnnex.

In version 4, the options for determining the shearenhancement factor b have been changed. Insteadof a choice between the using the default factors toClause 6.4.3(6) of EC2 and a manual input of b V Ed, one can now choose either the default factors orto calculate b by inputting additional data.

The methods used for determiningb are described inClauses 6.4.3(3) for internal columns, 6.4.3(4) for edgecolumns and 6.4.3(5) for corner columns. However atthe time of writing [July 2010], there is a gap in theperimeter column clauses in that no method is givenfor calculatingU1* when the slab edge does not alignwith the outside face of the column. This omissionhas been queried with BSI committee B525/2, but inthe meantime, the following assumptions have beenmade:

Slab edge outside column -U1* unchanged but U1 increases.

Slab edge inside column - U1* unchanged but MIN[1.5d, 0.5C1] replaced by MIN[1.5d, 0.5(C 1 –inset )].

If the Eurocode 2 committee decide that a differingmethod is more appropriate in these situations, thespreadsheet will of course be updated. In the meantime,we are confident that the methods currently used aresafe to use.

Other recent changes to this spreadsheet include: vEd,max corrected to 0.5vf cd Correction to edge column face shear when hole

on North face of column. New routine for hole reductions at column faces.

In the determination of punching shear stresses,Version 4 deducts loads within the loaded area.

TCC41 Continuous Beam(A & D).xlsTCC41 now uses a tension flange width for span topsteel if a span hogs between 0.4L and 0.6L; otherwisebw is selected. The mid span tension flange width hasbeen set to the average bt of the supports at eitherend. This seems to give the best detailing arrangementboth for cantilevers and normal spans. An extra line hasbeen added for each span on the SPANS page, so theuser knows what width to place the top steel within.

Amendments to v3 spreadsheet descriptions

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TCC55 Axial Column ShorteningFollowing the release of TCC55 a number of enquirieswere received which resulted in the following FAQbeing released giving additional guidance for the axial

column shortening spreadsheet.

Q1: If I have a building less than 11 storeys how is theinformation input? Is the load just input as zero on theupper floors?

A1: No – start at the top, and leave the bottom lineblank.

Q2: If I have a building of 10 storeys, taking 14 daysconstruction per floor, giving 140 days to occupancy.How could I look at the effects say, mid way throughconstruction?

A2:The plot of vertical displacement on the RESULTS page is the amount of displacement occurring afterthe oor at the indicated level is cast. Ie. it may bethat the slab should be constructed this amount“high”. You should not need any other value. It is thedifferential between adjacent columns/walls thatcan be critical, but remember that moments inducedby differential shortening will redistribute columnreactions, so this effect should not be neglected.

Q3: Would I adjust the “days to occupancy” figure toreflect the moment in time I want the results for?

A3: No – this will not work. This input only xes whenthe permanent portion of the imposed loading isapplied.

Q4: Finally (and most importantly..), is the spreadsheetavailable for an increased number of floors? We arecurrently about to start construction on a 35 storeybuilding where creep may be an issue with respect tothe cladding package. Would it be possible to obtain aspreadsheet of this size?

A4: TCC55X which has input for 24 storeys is includedin the spreadsheet package. To go higher than this, storeys can be grouped together if care is taken withthe input.(See TCC55X)

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11

TCC15.xls determines the flexural and shear resistancesof slab or wall sections at both ULS and SLS for givenvalues of axial stress and permissible maximum crackwidth. It also generates a plot of axial stress againstmoment for the section and a design table for varyinglevels of primary reinforcement.

MAIN!This single sheet contains of all of the main input formaterials and section data. Environmental details andage at loading are also input as these are requiredto calculate the creep factors that determine SLSbehaviour.

For the given parameters, moment and shearresistances are given together with a value of the SLSneutral axis depth, as this may affect the permissiblemaximum crack with to BS EN 1992-3.

The chart at the bottom of this page shows resistancecurves for both the ultimate and service conditions.

TABLE!On this sheet a table of resistances for varyingamounts of primary reinforcement can be generatedby clicking the macro button. A warning messageappears if the data displayed do not match those onthe MAIN! page.

Calcs!This page contains the calculations required togenerate the results. These are quite complex at SLSwhere there are a variety of limiting conditions.

Ref!Ref! Defines the values of various parameters used inthe spreadsheet.

Notes!This sheet gives disclaimers and revision history.

TCC15 Resistance of Retaining Members.xls

TCC15 Resistance of Axially Loaded Walls / Slabs / MAIN!

TCC15 Resistance of Retaining Members.xls


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12

This spreadsheet provides values of creep factors,concrete tensile strengths and free shrinkage strains foruse with finite element slab design programs that takeaccount of concrete cracking (non-linear analysis). Themethods used are those recommended in ConcreteSociety Technical Report No TR58,“Deflections inconcrete slabs and beams” . With programs that donot account for cracking, creep factors substantiallyHIGHER than those calculated by this spreadsheetshould be employed, to allow for the increaseddisplacements caused by cracking and shrinkage.

Both creep factors and concrete tensile strength

are related to the loading history of a member, andare also dependent upon relative humidity, ambienttemperature, cement type and member geometry(equivalent thickness). The characteristic cylinderstrength of the concrete ( fck ) is also required. Theuser should note that this should be the actualcharacteristic strength, which may well be higher thanthat specified from minimum strength specifications.

h , f ct, e!This single sheet consists of all of the main input andoutput. Most inputs, which are in blue and underlined,should be self-explanatory. In addition to the loadinghistory and the inputs mentioned above, there is aswitch which allows for construction loading froma slab above to be taken into account. In manyinstances, this temporary construction loading willdetermine the critical values required for FE design.

In the results section values are given for boththe direct concrete tensile strength f ctm, and theflexural tensile strength f ctm,fl. The user should make a

judgement between these two values, depending uponthe degree of restraint that may be present.

There are several explanatory notes and hints at theright hand side of this page.

Calculations!Calculations! provides the detailed derivations forthe combined creep factor h , autogenous and freeshrinkage strains e ca and e ed, and critical concrete

tensile strength f ctm(t).


TCC22 FE Assistant.xls


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TCC22 FE Assistant /h , f ct, e!

13

TCC22 FE Assistant /h , f ct, e!

TCC22 FE Assistant/Calculations!


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TCC55X Axial Column Shortening / MAIN!

This spreadsheet works out axial column shorteningsexactly as TCC55, except that it will cater for up to 24storeys. As it is a larger file, it has been included as aseparate spreadsheet.

The pages in this spreadsheet are as TCC55, exceptthat results are now located on a new RESULTS! pagein order to gain space.

Operation is identical to spreadsheet TCC55, exceptthat at the top of the MAIN! page, it is now possible toenter three different phases for the application of thepermanent portion of the imposed loading.

TCC55X Axial Column Shortening.xls


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TCC55X Axial Column Shortening.xls

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TCC55X Axial Column Shortening / RESULTS!


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TCC62.xls designs simple retaining walls with stemsup to 3.0 m high. While section design is to Eurocode2, this spreadsheet has been developed using thegeotechnical rules and methods contained in Eurocode7[5]. In particular, reference has been made to TCC“How to” leaflets number 8 “Foundations” andnumber 9 “Retaining Walls”[6]. The approach is verydifferent from that of the earlier BS8110 spreadsheet(RCC62). Instead of comparing characteristic pressureswith a “permissible” maximum value, two ultimatecombinations of actions are employed together withtwo sets of factored resistances.

The spreadsheet is intended to cover only short wallsand to help ‘general’ engineers who, from time to time,design retaining walls as part of a wider interest instructures rather than the specialists. The 3.0 m wallheight is an arbitrary limit set for short wall which isintended to cover over 90% of the cases encounteredin general structural designs. Although many of thedesign principles still apply to higher walls, criteriasuch as wall movements and the validity of theassumptions made (e.g. no wall friction or inadequatedrainage behind the wall) require further considerationand investigation. The spreadsheet does not coverembedded (e.g. contiguous bored pile) retaining walls.

The effects of compaction pressures are considered forthe wall stem design, but because of their short-termand localised nature, they are not considered to becritical in terms of bearing or sliding.

Stability analysis is done about the toe of the base.(Stability analysis taken about toe of nib is ignored;the nib is a section sticking down from general levelof the base, and stability analysis about its toe cangive strange answers). Global slope stability checksare not undertaken in the spreadsheet and should beaddressed using other means. Input is required only onthe first sheet.

DATA!This single sheet consists of all of the main inputs.Most inputs, which are in blue and underlined, shouldbe self-explanatory. The key diagram at the top ofthe sheet defines most input parameters. The activediagram below serves as a visual check on geometricdata. Operating instructions and error messages areshown in column L: hints on sizing are given atL26:L39. The lower ground level must be at least levelwith the top of the base. Covers required are nominalcovers to bending reinforcement.

The designer should determine the characteristic soilparameters’ from the Site Investigation Report, localknowledge or for estimation purposes from appropriatetext or guidance*. Related design properties are thenautomatically derived using the two sets of partialload and material factors according to the UK NationalAnnex to BS EN 1997. Thus, Combination 1 andCombination 2 values of earth pressure coefficientsand factored loads are calculated. Formulae for eachproperty and action are shown at the right hand sideof the sheet.

In determining earth pressures, the simplified Rankine’s

formula for smooth vertical walls has been employed(calculation model A in ‘How To’ leaflet 9). Howeverwhen the heel projection, bh is too small to strictlymeet Rankine criteria, reduced values ofc (anglesof active thrust to horizontal) are used. For thecalculation of ultimate bearing pressures, rectangularstress blocks are used.

The spreadsheet is based on a number of assumptionswhich should be assessed as being true or erring onthe safe side in each case. These are:

Wall friction is zero Granular backll is used. Even a small value

of effective cohesion, c´, can signicantly reduceactive pressures. However, to acknowledgethe fact that many retaining walls are builtwith granular backll for drainage and to err onthe side of caution, the spreadsheet assumesonly cohesionless materials.

The spreadsheet does not include checks onrotational slide/ slope failure. The location of anynib inuences potential slip planes.

The spreadsheet check on deection of the walldoes not include that due to base rotation. The spreadsheet is not intended for walls

over 3.0 m high. The spreadsheet includes for concrete self

weight. Adequate drainage system is provided behind

the wall. Checks for temperature/shrinkage effects are

not included.

The spreadsheet does not include checks on theeffects of seepage of ground water beneath thewall.

Many engineers have reservations about includingthe effect of passive pressure in front of the wallso a combo box is provided at cell L16, where theinclusion of passive pressure can be switched on or off.Where passive pressure is allowed, an allowance forunplanned excavation in front of the base is made in

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determining the height of the passive pressure, hp. Inaccordance with BS EN 1997-1-1[5] Cl 9.3.2.2, thisallowance is the lesser of 500 mm or hb/10.

In the usage chart, design checks show how efficientlythe selected data are working. Design status is shownat cell I36.

GEODesign!GEODesign! considers sliding, overturning about thetoe (toppling) and bearing pressures for Combination1 and Combination 2. Again formulae for each action,moment and parameter are shown at the right handside of the sheet. The relevant partial factors arenot shown in these formulae but are used in theappropriate cells.

In terms of sliding, the undrained resistance is ignoredif cohesion for the foundation material specified atDATA!H36 is less than 10 kN/m2. In this case it isrecommended that the allowance of passive pressureat DATA!L16 is switched off.

RCDesign!The wall stem, base, heel and shear key are in turndesigned and checked for flexure, shear, and barspacing. For the concrete section Combination 1 is

critical. In addition a span/depth deflection check ismade on the stem.

Weight!Weight gives the approximate weight of reinforcementrequired per metre length of wall. Simplified curtailmentrules are used. The figures should be regarded asestimates as the spreadsheet cannot deal withdesigners’ and detailers’ preferences, rationalisation,steps, changes in levels or direction etc.

Ref!Ref! Defines the values of various parameters usedin the spreadsheet. These include NPDs according toEurocode 2 and the partial factors for Combination1 and Combination 2 according to the UK NationalAnnex to Eurocode 7. Details of compaction plantloads and basic formulae are given.


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* Guidance on typical soil densities, angles of shearing resistance andsurcharge loadings is given Guide to the Design and Construction ofConcrete Basements[7]


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TCC62 Retaining Wall / DATA!

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TCC62 Retaining Wall / GEODesign!

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TCC62 Retaining Wall / RCDesign!

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TCC63 Core Wall Design.xls

TCC63.xls determines the distribution of lateralmoments between simple core walls and then findsthe amount of reinforcement required. The programwill accept a maximum of four cores. Input is requiredover two pages.

GEOMETRY!This single sheet contains of all of the inputs for basicbuilding plan geometry and core dimensions. Mostinputs, which are in blue and underlined, should beself-explanatory. The legend diagram at the top of thesheet defines the geometry input parameters, and theactive diagram below serves as a visual check on theinput of core dimension data.

After determining the section data for each core,percentages of lateral moment to each core and ineach orthogonal direction are displayed. These includethe effects of in-plane torsion due to the eccentricitiesof the cores from the centre of the structure.

CORE!On this sheet the total characteristic lateral momentsin each direction are input, then after selecting one

of the cores, the local coordinates and characteristicvalues of up to eight vertical loads are entered.After selecting the type of building usage, six ULScombinations are calculated and stresses (bothcompressive and tensile) and required reinforcementare produced for up to eight locations within the core.Again, there is an active diagram as a visual check onthe input of vertical loads.

Gra!This page contains only data used in generating the

various charts.

Ref!Ref! Defines the values of various parameters used inthe spreadsheet. These include NPDs according toEurocode 2 and the c values from Table A 1.1 of BSEN1990.


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TCC63 Core Wall Design / GEOMETRY!

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TCC63 Core Wall Design / CORE!

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This spreadsheet designs restrained two-way solidslabs in accordance with Eurocode 2. Moment andshear factors have been taken from Tables 3.14 and3.15 of BS 8110: Part 1 (these yield-line factors areequally valid for use with EC2). Input is required on thefirst two sheets.

MAIN!This single sheet consists of the input and mainoutput. In itself it should prove adequate for the designof restrained two-way slabs. Inputs are underlined andmost should be self-explanatory.

Self-weight, moment and shear factors are calculatedautomatically. The use of these factors is limited by theconditions for which they were produced, i.e. similarloads on adjacent spans and similar spans adjacent.Where these relevant conditions are not met, usersshould consider alternative methods of analysis.

Whilst ultimate reactions to beams are given, shear perse is not checked as it is very rarely critical.

The dimension l y must be greater than lx : bays where lx ¢ l

y are invalid. It is recognised that B

1 can be parallel

to l y and the user should specify in which layers thetop and bottom reinforcement are located (see cellsD33 and H33).

In line 32 the user is asked to specify the diameters ofreinforcement to be used. This reinforcement shouldbe provided at the required centres in accordancewith BS 8110 Clause 3.5.3.5 (1) to (7) (middle stripsand column strips, torsion reinforcement at cornerswhere an edge or edges is/are discontinuous). Thespreadsheet highlights whether additional

reinforcement for torsion is required or not.

As noted under Deflection, the area of steel required,Asreq, may be automatically increased in order toreduce service stress,s s, and increase modificationfactors to satisfy deflection criteria. An approximatereinforcement density is given. This is approximateonly and excludes supporting beams, trimming toholes, etc.

WEIGHT!Weight! gives an estimate of the amount ofreinforcement required in a slab. Simplified curtailmentrules are used to determine lengths of bars. The figuresshould be treated as approximate estimates only asthey cannot deal with the effects of designers’ anddetailers’ preferences, rationalisation, the effects ofholes, etc. To the right of the sheet arecalculations of bar length, etc.

Support widths are required as input as they affectcurtailments and lengths.

Refs!This sheet comprises the values for nationallydetermined parameters that have been used in thespreadsheet. These data reflect the values given in theUK National Annexes for EN 1990 and EN 1992.


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TCC94 Two-way slabs (Tables).xls


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TCC94 Two-way Slabs (Tables).xls

TCC94 Two-way slabs (Tables).xls / MAIN!

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TCC94 Two-way slabs (Tables).xls / Weight!

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TCC94 Two-way Slabs (Tables).xls

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References1 GOODCHILD C H & WEBSTER R M User Guide to RC Spreadsheets: v3, CCIP-008. The Concrete

Centre, 2006.

2 BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION. BS EN 1992 1-1, Eurocode 2 – Part 1-1: Design of concrete

structures – General rules and rules for buildings.BSI, 2004. Including National Annex to BS EN1992-1-1, Eurocode 2 – Part 1-1: Design ofconcrete structures – General rules and rules forbuildings 2005 incorporating National AmendmentNo 1, BSI, 2009.

3 BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION. BS 8110: 1997

Structural use of concrete. Part 1. Code of practice fordesign and construction. British StandardsInstitution, London, 1997 up to and includingAmendment 4.

4 GOODCHILD C H & WEBSTER R M User Guide to RC Spreadsheets: v2, The Concrete Centre, Published

electronically based on GOODCHILD C H &WEBSTER R M User Guide to RC Spreadsheets.British Cement Association on behalf of theReinforced Concrete Council

5 BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION. BS EN 1997-1, Eurocode 7 – Geotechnical design Part 1: General

rules. BSI, 2004 Including National Annex to BS EN1997-1, Eurocode 7 – Geotechnical design

6 BROOKER, O. et al. How to design concrete structures using Eurocode 2 (compendium), CCIP

006. The Concrete Centre, 2006.

7 NARAYANAN, R S & GOODCHILD, C H, Guide to the Design and Construction of Concrete Basements,

TCC CCIP-044, Due 2010

8 MACLEOD, I.A. ET AL. Information technology for the structural engineer. The Structural Engineer, Vol. 77,No. 3, 2 February 1999. pp. 23 - 25.

9 STANDING COMMITTEE ON STRUCTURAL SAFETY,Standing Committee on Structural Safety, 10thReport, July 1992-June 1994, SETO Ltd, London,1994 pp. 32


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The Advisory Group MembersS AlexanderS Alhayderi

Dr H Al-QuarraI BaldwinC BarkerM BeamishA BeasleyT BedfordG BeltonR BhattR BickertonP BlackmoreD BlackwoodM BradyC BuczkowskiA CampbellDr P ChanaG CharlesworthL ChengMr ChichgerR CollisonA CraddockM Morton J Curry J Dale

H DikmeC P Edmondson

J ElliotI FelthamG FernandoM FernandoI FrancisA FungP Gardner J GayP GreenA HallN HarrisG HillD W HobbsR HulseM HutchesonA IdrusN ImmsP JenningsD KennedyG KennedyR JothirajDr S KhanA King

G KingS King

K KusI LockhartM LordB LorimerM LovellDr Luker J LuptonM LytridesProf I MacleodF MalekpourA McAtearA McFarlaneF MohammadA MoleM MortonR MossB MuntonC O’BoyleDr A OkorieT O’NeillB Osafa-KwaakoD PatelD Penman

M PereraB Quick

Y Raqif A RathboneM RawlinsonP ReynoldsH RileyN RussellU P SarkiT SchollarA StalkerA StarrM StevensonB StokerB TreadwellA TrubyR TurnerT VineyDr P WalkerB Watson J WhitworthC WilbyS WildeA WongE Yarimer


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CCIP 053Published August 2010© MPA - The Concrete Centre

Riverside House, 4 Meadows Business Park,S i A h Bl k C b l S GU17 9AB

User Guide to RC Spreadsheets: v4 (Addendum to v3)

This update to the user guide provides guidanceon the use of RC Spreadsheets v4 for the designof reinforced concrete elements.

The release of version 4 of the spreadsheets and user

guide follows revision of The Concrete Centre seriesin line with amendment AMD 1 of the UK NationalAnnex to Eurocode 2 . The RCC series of spreadsheetsremain suitable for design calculations to the BS8110 (up to and including Amendment 4), which was‘withdrawn’ in early 2010.For more information on the spreadsheets visitwww.concretecentre.com/rcspreadsheets

Charles Goodchild is Principal Structural Engineerfor The Concrete Centre where he promotes efcientconcrete design and construction. He was responsiblefor the concept, content and management of thispublication and of the RC Spreadsheets.

Rod Webster of Concrete Innovation & Design isprincipal author of the spreadsheets. He has beenwriting spreadsheets since 1984 and is expert in thedesign of tall concrete buildings and in advancedanalytical methods.

Documents

user guide version 4.pdf