i

User guide for the Software for daily streamflow estimation (IJC)

By

Taha B.M.J. Ouarda

Christian Charron

Barbara Martel

Canada Research Chair on the Estimation of Hydrometeorological Variables

INRS-ETE

490, rue de la couronne

Québec (QC), Canada, G1K 9A9

October 2010

ii

Contents

Contents ...........................................................................................................................................ii

List of Table .................................................................................................................................. iii

List of Figures ................................................................................................................................ iv

1. Calibration study ........................................................................................................................ 1

1.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 1

1.2. Methodology ......................................................................................................................... 1

1.2.1. Flow duration curve method .......................................................................................... 1

1.2.2. Area ratio method ........................................................................................................... 5

1.3. Evaluation Method ................................................................................................................ 5

1.4. Study area .............................................................................................................................. 6

1.5. Results ................................................................................................................................... 8

2. Software for daily streamflow estimation (IJC) ...................................................................... 9

2.1. Main menu ........................................................................................................................... 10

2.2. Descriptive statistics of variables ........................................................................................ 13

References ..................................................................................................................................... 16

Appendix A: Gauged stations...................................................................................................... 17

iii

List of Table

Table 1 Selected explanatory variables ........................................................................................... 7

Table 2 Estimation of the 17 percentile flows ................................................................................. 8

Table 3 Performance indices using a jackknife procedure. ............................................................. 9

iv

List of Figures

Figure 1 Observed, estimated and smoothed FDC .......................................................................... 3

Figure 2 Illustration of the spatial interpolation technique ............................................................. 4

Figure 3 Study area .......................................................................................................................... 7

Figure 4 Ungauged subbasin numbers .......................................................................................... 10

Figure 5 Main window .................................................................................................................. 11

Figure 6 Target basin map (sample) .............................................................................................. 12

Figure 7 Sources flows data .......................................................................................................... 13

Figure 8 Descriptive statistics main window ................................................................................ 14

1

1. Calibration study

1.1. Introduction

Daily streamflow estimation is important for planning activities related to agriculture,

industry, urban water supply, navigation, and flood control. However, stream gauges and

historical records are not always available at the sites where streamflow information is required.

A highly promising and extensively used technique for the estimation of daily streamflows at

ungauged sites is associated with the use of flow duration curves (FDC). FDC is interpreted as a

relationship between any discharge value and the percentage of time that this discharge is

equalled or exceeded (Vogel and Fennessey, 1994). A regression based logarithmic interpolation

method which makes no assumption on the distribution or shape of a FDC is presented here to

estimate regional FDCs.

1.2. Methodology

1.2.1. Flow duration curve method

The main tasks applied for streamflow estimation are the following:

1. Construction of FDC at gauged sites

2. Regional FDC estimation at ungauged sites

3. Spatial interpolation for daily streamflow estimation

4. Source site selection and weighting schemes

Step 1

Quantiles Qp are estimated at a number of fixed percentage points in the FDCs of the

gauged sites. 17 fixed percentage points are selected: 0.01%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%,

30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, and 99.99%. These fixed percentage points

can be directly estimated from flow records (Shu and Ouarda, 2010).

2

Step 2

A stepwise regression technique is used to indentify the physiographical variables that are

most influential to the estimation of the quantiles Qp. This is done for the entire database. The

selected variables are used to establish the regional regression equation for the entire study area

using the following equation

dcb

p VVVaQ 321 (1)

where 321 ,, VVV are the selected site physiographic or climatic characteristics used for the

estimation of the quantile Qp, dcb ,, are the model parameters and a is the multiplicative

error term. Equation (1) is logarithmically transformed into a linear equation

321 lnlnlnlnln VdVcVbaQp (2)

so that standard multivariate linear regression techniques can be applied. Once the parameters of

Equation (2) are identified based on the information of the gauged sites, estimates of quantiles at

the ungauged sites can be easily obtained by supplying the independent variables in Equation (2)

with the catchment descriptors of the ungauged sites.

With this approach, Qp could be higher than Qp-1 (the regression is carried out separately

for each quantile), which is not physically possible. A smoothing curve is fitted to the quantiles

to obtain a FDC curve. Different functions were tried and the following function was found to

provide a good fit for the quantile curves for all ungauged sites:

( )c

a bpQ p

p d (3)

where p is the exceedance probability; a, b, c and d are the parameters of this function. The

parameters are estimated with a least square approach. It was solved with a constrained

algorithm where Q(p) is constrained to be higher than 0. It can be demonstrated that if a>0, b<0

and [0,1]c then f(x) is always decreasing. Figure 1 shows an example of a FDC at the station

02BC004. The observed and the estimated FDC at 17 points are plotted as well as the smoothed

FDC.

3

Figure 1 Observed, estimated and smoothed FDC

Step 3

The spatial interpolation method for daily streamflow estimation can be best illustrated

using the graphical presentation in Figure 2 (This figure came from Shu and Ouarda (2010)

which is adapted from the original figure by Hughes and Smakhtin (1996)). It uses two typical

sites, station No. 080718 (source site) and station No. 080701 (destination site), from the

province of Quebec, Canada. To estimate the discharge Qd at the destination site in Figure 2(A)

for a given date, we need the corresponding discharge Qs at the source site in Figure 2(B) for

this same date. Then in Figure 2(C), we need to look up the observed FDC of the source site and

identify the percentage point p that corresponds to Qs. Since the source site and the destination

site are assumed to have an equivalent exceedance probability for a given daily streamflow

4

event, the estimated discharge Qd for the destination site corresponding to the percentage point p

can be directly read from the estimated FDC for the destination site in Figure 2(D).

0 200 400 600 800 10000

1000

2000

3000

4000

Days since Aug. 1, 1967

Daily

str

eam

flow

(m

3/s

)

A) Observed and estimated hydrograph at the destination site

0 200 400 600 800 10000

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

Daily

str

eam

flow

(m

3/s

)

Days since Aug. 1, 1967

B) Observed hydrography at the source site

0 20 40 60 80 1000

1000

2000

3000

4000

Percentage of time equalled or exceeded

D) Estimated FDC at the destination site

0 20 40 60 80 1000

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

Percentage of time equalled or exceeded

Daily

str

eam

flow

(m

3/s

)

C) Observed FDC at the source site

Qd

Qs p

p

Figure 2 Illustration of the spatial interpolation technique

Step 4

Step 3 illustrates the spatial interpolation for a single source site (S-FDC). The multiple

source sites (M-FDC) are selected based on their geographical distance from the destination site.

The computation of the combined estimate Qd at the ungauged site from the n source sites can be

obtained by using the equation:

n

j

j

n

j

djjd wQwQ11

(4)

The weights wj can be computed as

n

j

j

j

j

d

dw

1

/1

/1 (5)

5

where dj is the similarity distance measure between the destination site and the source site j. dj is

frequently expressed as an Euclidean distance measure. It is computed using this equations for

the geographical distance weighed schemes:

22 )()( YYXXd jjj (6)

where Xj and Yj are the latitude and longitude of the source site j, X and Y are the latitude and

longitude of the target site. The S-FDC method is the particular case when n and jw equal 1.

1.2.2. Area ratio method

The FDC based approaches developed are compared to the area ratio (AR) based

methods. For the single source site AR method (S-AR), the streamflow Qy at an ungauged site is

estimated by

x

x

y

y QA

AQ

where Ax and Ay are the drainage areas of the ungauged and gauged sites respectively and Qx is

the observed streamflow at a gauged site. For the multiple source sites approach (M-AR), the

streamflow prediction at an ungauged site is generated as the weighed average of the

observations from the source sites.

1.3. Evaluation Method

The performance of the daily streamflow prediction approaches is evaluated using a

jackknife evaluation procedure. A set of three indices is used to evaluate the FDC and AR based

methods:

n

i

mi

n

i

ii

qq

qq

NASH

1

2

1

2

)(

)ˆ(

1 , (7)

n

i

ii qqn

RMSE1

2)ˆ(1

, (8)

6

n

i

ii qqn

BIAS1

)ˆ(1

(9)

where n is the total number of daily streamflow values being estimated, iq and iq̂ are

respectively the ith measured and estimated daily streamflow, and mq is the mean of the

observed daily streamflow series.

1.4. Study area

The four approaches (S-FDC, M-FDC, S-AR and M-AR) are applied to a selection of

hydrometric stations in the Great Lakes region. The criteria for streamflow selection is that it

should have a minimum of 10 years of continuous streamflow record, the streamflow should be

unregulated and should have an end date beyong January 1st 2000. The locations of the selected

hydrometric stations are shown in Figure 3. Appendix A presents station identification and

characteristics, along with starting and ending available dates. For the basin associated to these

stations, meteorological, physiographical and hydrological variables are identified. Table 1

shows the available variables, units, notations and the transformations applied.

7

Figure 3 Study area

Table 1 Selected explanatory variables

variable unit notation Transformation

Latitude degree LAT Log

Longitude degree LON Log

Basin Area km2

AREA Log

Mean Annual daily maximum temperature C TMAX

Mean Annual daily minimum temperature C TMIN

Mean annual total precipitations C PRC Log

Baseflow index BFI

Land Cover : Agriculture % LC1

Land Cover : Forest % LC2

Land Cover : Wetland % LC3

Land Cover : Water % LC4

Land Cover : Urbain % LC5

Sand in uppermost layer % J1 Log

Clay in uppermost layer % J2 Log

Mean of sand for the 3 uppermost layers % MJ1 Log

Mean of clay for the 3 uppermost layers % MJ2 Log

Minimal elevation m DEM_MIN Log

Maximal elevation m DEM_MAX Log

Mean elevation m DEM_MEAN

8

1.5. Results

The stepwise procedure is applied to the percentile flows of all stations of the study area.

Important selected variables for each percentile are shown in Table 2. Variables are ordered

based on their importance. The most important variables are AREA (as expected), BFI and PRC.

Coefficients of determinations are very high except for the percentiles with higher probability.

Table 2 Estimation of the 17 percentile flows

Percentile flow Explanatory Variables R2

Q0.01 AREA, BFI, DEM_MEAN, PRC 0.88

Q0.1 AREA, BFI, PRC, LC2, DEM_MEAN, LC1 0.92

Q0.5 AREA, BFI, PRC, LAT, LC2 0.94

Q1 AREA, BFI, PRC, LC2, TMAX, TMIN 0.93

Q5 AREA, BFI, PRC, LC2, TMax, LON, TMIN, DEM_MEAN, DEM_MAX 0.93

Q10 AREA, PRC, LC2, LON, BFI, TMAX, TMIN 0.94

Q20 AREA, LC2, PRC, LON, BFI 0.97

Q30 AREA, BFI, PRC, LC2, LON 0.97

Q40 AREA, BFI, PRC, LC2, LON, LC5, LC1 0.97

Q50 AREA, BFI, PRC, LON, LC2, DEM_MEAN, LC5, LC1, TMIN, TMAX 0.95

Q60 AREA, BFI, PRC, DEM_MEAN, LON, LC2, LC5, LC1, LC3, TMIN 0.94

Q70 AREA, BFI, PRC, DEM_MAX, LC5 0.90

Q80 AREA, BFI, DEM_MAX, MJ1, LC2 0.52

Q90 AREA, BFI, DEM_MAX, MJ1 0.37

Q95 BFI, AREA, DEM_MAX, MJ2, TMin 0.43

Q99 BFI, AREA, DEM_MAX, MJ1 -0.25

Q99.9 BFI, AREA, DEM_MAX, TMin 0.77

Spatial interpolation methods S-FDC, M-FDC, S-AR and M-AR are applied to the study

area. The performance indices are shown in the Table 3. For the single source site approach, the

site geographically closest to the target site is selected as the source site. For the multiple site

approach, geographical distance weighted scheme with 4 source sites was employed. The NASH

statistic has been computed for N source site from 1 to 10 and show that using 4 to 10 source

sites lead to the same performance level.

9

Table 3 Performance indices using a jackknife procedure.

Method NASH RMSE Bias

M-FDC 0.48 14.73 -0.09

M-AR 0.14 20.14 -0.67

S-FDC 0.36 16.43 -0.21

S-AR -0.11 23.18 -0.63

The FDC based methods give better results than the AR based methods. Using multiple source

sites increase the performances of single source site based methods.

2. Software for daily streamflow estimation (IJC)

A tool was developed to estimate daily streamflows at ungauged Great Lakes basins.

There are 121 ungauged basins where streamflows can be estimated for one basin at a time,

sorted by lake (Figure 4). The same explanatory variables available for gauged stations in the

calibration study (Table 1) have been estimated for these basins. The presented methods in

section 1, S- or M- FDC and AR, can be applied to ungauged sites in the software. For the FDC

method, the same regressive models for percentile estimation obtained in the calibration study

are used to estimate FDCs at ungauged sites (Step 2, Section 1.2.1). Gauged sites data used in the

calibration study are used for spatial interpolation at ungauged sites (Figure 3 and Appendix A).

With multiple source sites, the geographical distance weighted scheme is used. The tool allows

more flexibility: the user can choose the source sites and the weights. This section is intended to

provide the user with information on how to use the tool.

10

Figure 4 Ungauged subbasin numbers

2.1. Main menu

Figure 5 presents the main window of the tool. A new window for descriptive statistics

of variables can be opened by clicking on Descriptive statistics of variables (section 2.2). The

user selects the Lake and the Subbasin for the selected lake, identified as in Figure 4. He

specifies the number of sources in the textbox Number of sources (4 by default, see section 1.5).

To compute the single source site method, the user has to enter 1 as Number of sources. The

nearest source sites from the target site as well as the corresponding weights can be obtained by

clicking the button Find sources and compute weights. The user can select other source sites by

selecting one with the pop-up menus in the sites list. He can also change manually the weights

assigned to the sites, as long as the sum equals 1.

11

Figure 5 Main window

A map of the selected target basin and source sites (if defined) can be viewed by clicking

on Target basin map. As in Figure 6, the schematic map enables the user to identify if the

selected basin and sources correspond to his will.

12

Figure 6 Target basin map (sample)

The streamflow data of the source site are imported by clicking the button Import source

streamflows. A dialog box appears where the user then selects the flow series database of the

source sites. The imported flow series has to contain the source observed flows for the dates for

which the target basin flows estimates are required. Imported data can be visualized by pushing

the button Visualisation of flows data (Figure 7). Attention: it can take a little bit of time to

format the database before the table appears. Before the estimation of streamflows at the target

site ca be carried out, the user must choose which method to use in the box Method for spatial

interpolation. He has the choice between the Flow Duration Curve method and the Area Ratio

method. He also chooses the dates between which he wants to have streamflow estimation. By

clicking the button Compute flow estimates, the spatial interpolation method is applied with the

selected source sites and parameters provided. Obtained streamflows can be exported in an

EXCEL file with the button Export flow estimates. Streamflow at target sites can also be

graphically visualized on a separate window by clicking the button Plot flow estimates.

13

Figure 7 Sources flows data

2.2. Descriptive statistics of variables

The menu for the descriptive statistics module is presented in Figure 8. This module

allows the user to get detailed information concerning the variables involved. One table on the

left shows the predictors selected in the regressive model for the estimation of each percentile.

On the right a table shows the list of predictors with the units and transformations.

14

Figure 8 Descriptive statistics main window

Several options in the tools (see list below) provide a number of characteristics concerning the

variables. The following is a description of each one:

Visualisation of FDC data at gauged stations: Shows a table with 17 points (FDC) at

gauged stations.

Descriptive statistics of percentiles: Shows a table with statistics on percentiles (Mean,

Std, Variance, Median, Minimum, Maximum, Skewness and Kurtosis).

FDC plot at gauged stations: Shows a graphical representation of the FDC at the

selected gauged station. The figure presents the observed FDC at one station.

FDC plot at ungauged stations: Shows a graphical representation of the estimated and

smoothed FDCs at any selected ungauged station (from the calibration study, 4 source

sites) (see section 1).

15

Visualisation of physio/meteo data: Shows a table of physiographical and

meteorological data at gauged sites.

Descriptive statistics of physio/meteo data: Shows a table with statistics of the

predictors, i.e. the physio/meteo variables (Mean, Std, Variance, Median, Minimum,

Maximum, Skewness and Kurtosis).

Correlations: Shows a table with the correlations (R, pvalue and/or R²) between selected

variables (hydro/physio/meteo).

All tables can be exported as text files (.txt) and all figures can be saved in any graphical format.

16

References

Hughes, D.A. and Smakhtin, V., 1996. Daily flow time series patching or extension: a spatial

interpolation approach based on flow duration curves. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 41(6):

851 - 871.

Shu, C. and Ouarda, T.B.M.J., 2010. Daily streamflow estimation at ungauged sites. Accepted

for publication. Water Resources Research.

Vogel, R.M. and Fennessey, N.M., 1994. Flow-duration curves. I: New interpretation and

confidence-intervals. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management-Asce,

120(4): 485-504.

17

Appendix A: Gauged stations

Identifications and characteristics of gauged stations.

Dates format: 4 first numbers = year

2 following numbers = month

2 last numbers = day

Lake

Basin

Station

Number City Station Name Latitude Longitude

Drainage

Area

Starting

date

Ending

date

ERIE 4166500 US RIVER ROUGE AT

DETROIT, MICH. 42.37 -83.26 484.33 19080101 20071231

ERIE 4168000 US LOWER RIVER ROUGE AT

INKSTER, MICH. 42.30 -83.30 215.49 19731122 20071122

ERIE 4176605 US Otter Creek at La Salle, MI 41.87 -83.45 132.09 19380912 20071231

ERIE 4177000 US

OTTAWA RIVER At

UNIVERSITY OF TOLEDO

TOLEDO OH

41.66 -83.61 388.50 19480513 20071231

ERIE 4193500 US MAUMEE R AT

WATERVILLE OH 41.50 -83.71 16394.62 19140731 20071122

ERIE 4195500 US PORTAGE R AT

WOODVILLE OH 41.45 -83.36 1108.51 19420601 20071127

ERIE 4198000 US SANDUSKY R NR

FREMONT OH 41.31 -83.16 3240.07 19661001 20071231

ERIE 4199000 US HURON R AT MILAN OH 41.30 -82.61 960.89 19320201 20071231

ERIE 4201500 US ROCKY R NR BEREA OH 41.41 -81.89 691.53 19671001 20051231

ERIE 4200500 US BLACK R AT ELYRIA OH 41.38 -82.11 1025.64 19671101 20051231

ERIE 4208000 US CUYAHOGA R AT

INDEPENDENCE OH 41.40 -81.63 1831.12 19200701 20051231

ERIE 4212100 US GRAND R NR PAINESVILLE

OH 41.72 -81.23 1774.14 19591001 20051231

ERIE 4213000 US CONNEAUT C AT

CONNEAUT OH 41.93 -80.60 453.25 19940101 20051231

ERIE 4215000 US CAYUGA CREEK NR

LANCASTER NY 42.89 -78.65 249.67 19700201 20051231

ERIE 4214500 US BUFFALO CREEK AT

GARDENVILLE, N. Y. 42.86 -78.76 367.78 19720601 20051231

ERIE 4215500 US CAZENOVIA CREEK AT

EBENEZER, N, Y. 42.83 -78.78 349.65 19710301 20051231

HURON 4127918 US Pine River near Rudyard, MI 46.19 -84.60 476.56 19260401 20051231

HURON 4128990 US Pigeon R at Sturgeon Valley Rd

near Vanderbilt, MI 45.16 -84.47 149.44 19740701 20071121

HURON 4137005 US Au Sable River near Curtisville,

MI 44.56 -83.80 4138.80 19210601 20071216

HURON 4142000 US RIFLE RIVER NEAR

STERLING, MICH. 44.07 -84.02 828.80 19440301 20071231

MICHIGAN 4046000 US Black River near Garnet, MI 46.12 -85.37 72.52 19621001 20071231

MICHIGAN 4056500 US MANISTIQUE RIVER NR

MANISTIQUE, MICH. 46.03 -86.16 2848.99 19630401 20071231

18

MICHIGAN 4057510 US STURGEON RIVER NR

NAHMA JUNCTION, MICH. 45.94 -86.71 473.97 19340501 20071231

MICHIGAN 4059000 US ESCANABA RIVER AT

CORNELL, MICH. 45.91 -87.21 2253.29 19380201 20051231

MICHIGAN 4059500 US FORD RIVER NR HYDE,

MICH. 45.76 -87.20 1165.49 19470801 20051231

MICHIGAN 4069500 US PESHTIGO RIVER AT

PESHTIGO, WI 45.05 -87.75 2797.19 19840101 20051231

MICHIGAN 4072150 US Duck Creek near Howard, WI 44.54 -88.13 279.72 19550801 20071231

MICHIGAN 4084500 US

FOX R AT RAPIDE CROCHE

DAM NEAR

WRIGHTSTOWN, WI

44.32 -88.20 15565.83 19721001 20071231

MICHIGAN 4086000 US SHEBOYGAN RIVER AT

SHEBOYGAN, WI 43.74 -87.75 1082.61 19891001 20070930

MICHIGAN 4087159 US Kinnickinnic River @ S. 11th

Street @ Milwaukee,WI 43.00 -87.93 48.69 19040401 20071231

MICHIGAN 4087000 US MILWAUKEE RIVER AT

MILWAUKEE, WI 43.10 -87.91 1802.63 19801201 20071231

MICHIGAN 4087120 US MENOMONEE RIVER AT

WAUWATOSA, WI 43.05 -88.00 318.57 19001001 20071231

MICHIGAN 4096015 US Galien River near Sawyer, MI 41.87 -86.58 209.01 19200718 20071231

MICHIGAN 4093000 US

DEEP RIVER AT LAKE

GEORGE OUTLET AT

HOBART, IND.

41.54 -87.26 321.16 19160623 20071231

MICHIGAN 4087240 US ROOT RIVER AT RACINE,

WI 42.75 -87.82 492.10 19691201 20051231

MICHIGAN 4087204 US OAK CREEK AT SOUTH

MILWAUKEE, WI 42.93 -87.87 64.75 19580701 20051231

MICHIGAN 4094000 US LITTLE CALUMET RIVER

AT PORTER, IND. 41.62 -87.09 171.46 19151001 20051231

MICHIGAN 4087257 US PIKE RIVER NEAR RACINE,

WI 42.65 -87.86 99.71 19761101 20051231

MICHIGAN 4101000 US St. Joseph River at Elkhart, IND 41.69 -85.98 8728.26 19691201 20051231

MICHIGAN 4102500 US PAW PAW RIVER AT

RIVERSIDE, MICH. 42.19 -86.37 1010.10 19590401 20051231

MICHIGAN 4102700 US SOUTH BRANCH BLACK

RIVER NEAR BANGOR, MI 42.35 -86.19 216.52 19590401 20051231

MICHIGAN 4102776 US Middle Branch Black River

near South Haven, MI 42.43 -86.21 214.97 19611001 20051231

MICHIGAN 4108600 US RABBIT RIVER NEAR

HOPKINS, MICH. 42.64 -85.72 184.93 19890501 20051231

MICHIGAN 4108800 US MACATAWA RIVER NEAR

ZEELAND, MICH. 42.78 -86.02 170.42 19561201 20051231

MICHIGAN 4119000 US GRAND RIVER AT GRAND

RAPIDS, MICH. 42.96 -85.68 12690.94 19651001 20051231

MICHIGAN 4121970 US Muskegon River near Croton,

MICH. 43.44 -85.67 5990.64 19881001 20051231

MICHIGAN 4122100 US BEAR CREEK NEAR

MUSKEGON, MICH. 43.29 -86.22 43.25 19511001 20071231

MICHIGAN 4122500 US PERE MARQUETTE RIVER 43.95 -86.28 1763.78 19380326 20071127

19

AT SCOTTVILLE, MICH.

MICHIGAN 4122200 US WHITE RIVER NEAR

WHITEHALL, MICH. 43.46 -86.23 1051.54 19661001 20071127

MICHIGAN 4127800 US JORDAN RIVER NEAR EAST

JORDAN, MICH. 45.10 -85.10 175.86 19030901 20071127

ONTARIO 4218000 US TONAWANDA CREEK AT

RAPIDS, N.Y. 43.09 -78.64 903.91 19541001 20071127

ONTARIO 4218518 US ELLICOTT CREEK BELOW

WILLIAMSVILLE NY 42.98 -78.76 211.34 19530601 20071125

ONTARIO 422026250 US Northrup Creek at North Greece

NY 43.25 -77.74 26.16 19880501 20071126

ONTARIO 4231600 US

GENESEE RIVER AT FORD

STREET BRIDGE,

ROCHESTER NY

43.14 -77.62 6371.37 19171001 20070930

ONTARIO 423205010 US Irondequoit Cr abv Blossom Rd

nr Rochester NY 43.15 -77.51 367.78 19160630 20071129

ONTARIO 4249000 US OSWEGO RIVER AT LOCK 7

AT OSWEGO NY 43.45 -76.51 13208.94 19821001 20071128

ONTARIO 4260500 US BLACK RIVER AT

WATERTOWN NY 43.99 -75.93 4827.74 19140430 20071127

ONTARIO 4263000 US OSWEGATCHIE RIVER

NEAR HEUVELTON NY 44.60 -75.38 2553.73 19611001 20071127

STCLAIR 4159492 US Black River near Jeddo, MI 43.15 -82.62 1201.75 19950701 20071231

STCLAIR 4160600 US BELLE RIVER AT

MEMPHIS, MICH. 42.90 -82.77 391.09 19470401 20071231

STCLAIR 4159900 US Mill Creek near Avoca, MI 43.05 -82.74 437.71 19630822 20071231

STCLAIR 4165500 US

CLINTON RIVER AT

MORAVIAN DRIVE AT MT.

CLEMENS, MI

42.60 -82.91 1901.05 19631001 20071231

SUPERIOR 4024000 US ST. LOUIS RIVER AT

SCANLON, MN 46.70 -92.42 8883.66 19451001 20071219

SUPERIOR 4024430 US NEMADJI RIVER NEAR

SOUTH SUPERIOR, WI 46.63 -92.09 1087.79 19711001 20071201

SUPERIOR 4029990 US Montreal River at Saxon Falls

near Saxon, WI 46.54 -90.38 678.58 19471001 20071231

SUPERIOR 4027500 US WHITE RIVER NEAR

ASHLAND, WI 46.50 -90.90 779.59 19511001 20071231

SUPERIOR 4027000 US BAD RIVER NEAR

ODANAH, WI 46.49 -90.70 1546.22 19660601 20071231

SUPERIOR 4040000 US ONTONAGON R NR

ROCKLAND, MICH 46.72 -89.21 3470.58 19941001 20071231

SUPERIOR 4043050 US TRAP ROCK RIVER NEAR

LAKE LINDEN, MICH. 47.23 -88.39 72.52 19651001 20071231

SUPERIOR 4041500 US STURGEON RIVER NEAR

ALSTON, MICH. 46.73 -88.66 896.14 19601001 20071231

SUPERIOR 4015330 US KNIFE RIVER NEAR TWO

HARBORS, MN 46.95 -91.79 216.52 19010301 20071231

SUPERIOR 4010500 US

PIGEON RIVER AT MIDDLE

FALLS NR GRAND

PORTAGE MN

48.01 -89.62 1577.30 19951001 20071231

20

ERIE 02GB007 CAN FAIRCHILD CREEK NEAR

BRANTFORD 43.15 80.15 360.00 19651001 20071231

ERIE 02GB001 CAN GRAND RIVER AT

BRANTFORD 43.13 80.27 5210.00 19390801 20071231

ERIE 02GB010 CAN MCKENZIE CREEK NEAR

CALEDONIA 43.03 79.95 171.00 19570801 20071231

ERIE 02GC022 CAN NANTICOKE CREEK AT

NANTICOKE 42.81 80.08 181.00 19661001 20071231

ERIE 02GC002 CAN KETTLE CREEK AT ST.

THOMAS 42.78 81.21 329.00 19720401 20071127

ERIE 02GC018 CAN CATFISH CREEK NEAR

SPARTA 42.75 81.06 287.00 19501001 20071231

ERIE 02GC026 CAN Big Otter Creek near Calton 42.71 80.84 676.00 19961001 20071231

ERIE 02GH003 CAN CANARD RIVER NEAR

LUKERVILLE 42.16 83.02 159.00 19370113 20071231

ERIE 02GH004 CAN Turkey Creek at Windsor 42.26 83.04 29.60 19451001 20051231

GEORGIAN 02FA002 CAN STOKES RIVER NEAR

FERNDALE 45.04 81.34 50.50 19661001 20051231

GEORGIAN 02FA001 CAN SAUBLE RIVER AT SAUBLE

FALLS 44.68 81.26 927.00 19671001 20051231

GEORGIAN 02FB009 CAN BEAVER RIVER NEAR

CLARKSBURG 44.52 80.47 572.00 19890101 20051231

GEORGIAN 02FB007 CAN SYDENHAM RIVER NEAR

OWEN SOUND 44.52 80.93 181.00 19140301 20051231

GEORGIAN 02FB010 CAN BIGHEAD RIVER NEAR

MEAFORD 44.57 80.65 293.00 19760101 20051231

GEORGIAN 02ED027 CAN Nottawasaga River near

Edenvale 44.49 79.97 2680.00 19570401 20051231

GEORGIAN 02ED007 CAN COLDWATER RIVER AT

COLDWATER 44.71 79.64 177.00 19570401 20051231

GEORGIAN 02ED013 CAN Wye River near Wyevale 44.65 79.90 118.00 19150601 20051231

GEORGIAN 02ED017 CAN Hog Creek near Victoria

Harbour 44.73 79.78 65.20 19570401 20051231

GEORGIAN 02ED024 CAN North River at the Falls 44.77 79.58 249.00 19930401 20041231

GEORGIAN 02EC003 CAN SEVERN RIVER AT SWIFT

RAPIDS 44.86 79.54 5850.00 19650701 20051231

GEORGIAN 02EB006 CAN MUSKOKA RIVER BELOW

BALA 45.02 79.68 4770.00 19870101 20051231

GEORGIAN 02EA011 CAN MAGNETAWAN RIVER

NEAR BRITT 45.77 80.48 2850.00 19880601 20051231

GEORGIAN 02DD010 CAN FRENCH RIVER AT DRY

PINE BAY 46.07 80.61 13900.00 19880801 20051231

GEORGIAN 02DB005 CAN WANAPITEI RIVER NEAR

WANUP 46.35 80.84 3130.00 19531001 20051231

GEORGIAN 02CE002 CAN AUX SABLES RIVER AT

MASSEY 46.22 82.07 1350.00 19370601 20051231

GEORGIAN 02CD001 CAN SERPENT RIVER AT

HIGHWAY NO. 17 46.21 82.51 1350.00 19730801 20051231

GEORGIAN 02CC008 CAN MISSISSAGI RIVER AT

MISSISSAGI CHUTE 46.20 83.03 9300.00 19610401 20051231

21

HURON 02FF002 CAN AUSABLE RIVER NEAR

SPRINGBANK 43.07 81.66 865.00 19520401 20051231

HURON 02FF007 CAN BAYFIELD RIVER NEAR

VARNA 43.55 81.59 466.00 19150601 20051231

HURON 02FE009 CAN SOUTH MAITLAND RIVER

AT SUMMERHILL 43.68 81.54 376.00 19660801 20051231

HURON 02FE015 CAN Maitland River at Benmiller 43.72 81.63 2510.00 19401001 20051231

HURON 02FC001 CAN SAUGEEN RIVER NEAR

PORT ELGIN 44.46 81.33 3960.00 19301001 20071231

ONTARIO 02HM005 CAN COLLINS CREEK NEAR

KINGSTON 44.26 76.61 155.00 19470601 20071231

ONTARIO 02HM003 CAN SALMON RIVER NEAR

SHANNONVILLE 44.21 77.21 891.00 19871001 20071231

ONTARIO 02HL001 CAN MOIRA RIVER NEAR

FOXBORO 44.25 77.42 2620.00 19450316 20070930

ONTARIO 02HD012 CAN Ganaraska River above Dale 43.99 78.33 232.00 18981120 20071231

ONTARIO 02HE002 CAN Consecon Creek at Allisonville 44.03 77.37 114.00 19280801 20070930

ONTARIO 02HD008 CAN OSHAWA CREEK AT

OSHAWA 43.93 78.89 95.80 19231001 20071231

ONTARIO 02HC018 CAN Lynde Creek near Whitby 43.88 78.96 106.00 19500401 20071231

ONTARIO 02HC022 CAN Rouge River near Markham 43.86 79.23 186.00 19231001 20071231

ONTARIO 02HC049 CAN Duffins Creek at Ajax 43.85 79.06 251.00 19441001 20071231

ONTARIO 02HB004 CAN East Oakville Creek near

Omagh 43.50 79.78 199.00 19211001 20071231

ONTARIO 02HB012 CAN Grindstone Creek near

Aldershot 43.30 79.87 82.60 19741001 20071231

ONTARIO 02HB025 CAN Credit River at Norval 43.65 79.86 615.00 19220701 20070930

STCLAIR 02GE003 CAN THAMES RIVER AT

THAMESVILLE 42.55 81.97 4300.00 19380915 20071231

STCLAIR 02GG002 CAN Sydenham River near Alvinston 42.83 81.85 730.00 19381001 20071231

STCLAIR 02GG003 CAN Sydenham River at Florence 42.65 82.01 1160.00 19400624 20071231

SUPERIOR 02BF001 CAN BATCHAWANA RIVER

NEAR BATCHAWANA 47.00 84.52 1190.00 19641101 20051231

SUPERIOR 02BF002 CAN GOULAIS RIVER NEAR

SEARCHMONT 46.86 83.97 1160.00 19130701 20051231

SUPERIOR 02BD002 CAN MICHIPICOTEN RIVER AT

HIGH FALLS 47.96 84.90 5130.00 19610201 20051231

SUPERIOR 02BC004 CAN WHITE RIVER BELOW

WHITE LAKE 48.66 85.74 4170.00 19690301 20051231

SUPERIOR 02BC005 CAN Pukaskwa River at Pukaskwa

National Park 48.06 85.80 533.00 19451001 20051231

SUPERIOR 02BB003 CAN PIC RIVER NEAR

MARATHON 48.77 86.30 4270.00 19640701 20051231

SUPERIOR 02BA003 CAN LITTLE PIC RIVER NEAR

COLDWELL 48.85 86.61 1320.00 19750801 20051231

SUPERIOR 02AC002 CAN BLACK STURGEON RIVER

AT HIGHWAY NO. 17 48.90 88.38 2980.00 19761001 20051231

SUPERIOR 02AB006 CAN KAMINISTIQUIA RIVER AT

KAMINISTIQUIA 48.53 89.60 6475.00 19820301 20051231

22