Com S/Geron 415X Gerontechnology in Smart Home

Environments

User Attitude and Acceptability

Dr. Hen-I Yang

Computer Science Department, ISU

April 26, 2010

Announcement

Poster due tonight (April 26)!

Have one person from your joint ComS/Design team

stop by my office (B20 Atanasoff) to print and pick up

posters at 9:30 am tomorrow (April 27)

Announcement

Final presentation and demo for the project

April 28 (Thursday) in class @ SHL

30 minutes/group, which should include the presentation and a short

live demo

You decide how much time on presentation vs. demo

You decide whether you’ll rely on poster, or a combination of

poster/slides

Joint presentation between you and the design team

The presentation should focus on and succinctly explain what your

project does (overall), motivation/needs (geron), system design (CS),

and identity/UI design (design)

The 30 minutes are all yours (Q&A afterwards)

If you would like to get some feedback beforehand, you may

schedule a 30-minute rehearsal with me tomorrow (April 27)

Feedback on Homework

Sample Implementation of Homework 3 available at

svn://smarthome.cs.iastate.edu/smarthome/Classes/CS415%20S11/HW3/

Feedback on homework 5

Take a second look at Quantitative Method

Be specific! Devil is in the details

Terms need to be well-defined and not ambiguous

Hypothesis: Should return boolean value

Maintain your focus: there can be a thousand things you would like to learn, but what’s the question you’re trying to answer with this study

Don’t forget the scrapped homework 6 is online

Featured Presentation

Older Adults and Perceptions of Technology

What we have learned

From the Martin Paper (Extraordinary Longevity Study

Phase II)

Survey the Perception and Daily Use of Technology in Older

Adults

From the Mahmood Paper

Technology Adoption Decision Model

From the Mann Paper

Perception of Smart Home Technology

Extreme Longevity Phase II (XLII)

XL II Purpose

To study, among the oldest olds,

Current use of technology in daily life

Perceptions of technology

Including the adoption barriers

Perceived advantages and disadvantages of technology

XL II Procedure

Method

Participants

3 Groups in Iowa, age 70+, a total of about 30 participants

All white, with at least high school education

Mostly healthy, none lives in assistive living or nursing home

Pre-study Preparation

Protocol has been evaluated and approved by ISU IRB

Procedure of the Study

Demographic survey

Focus Group (one hour session)

With a facilitator and a note taker, Videotaped

No prompts, open-ended questions

Participants are free to bring up questions on their own

Data Analysis

XL II Focus Group Questions 1. Think for a moment about your daily life. What are some of the greatest needs and

challenges you have?

2. Where do you see yourself in the next three to five years? Are there specific problems

you are anticipating?

3. Which technologies do you use or know about that are helpful in addressing some of

the most pressing problems of older people?

4. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using technological devices?

5. In what ways would these technologies be helpful?

6. Which improvement would you like to see come to market and be widely distributed

first?

7. How important is it to find technological solutions for the following problems:

a. Improving communication with others

b. Assisting with physical exercise

c. Assisting with memory problems

d. Assisting with social engagement

e. Improving your home and environment

8. What might make it easier to use technological devices?

9. What has been the most important topic that we have discussed today?

10. Our purpose today was to discuss any needs you have and challenges you face now

and in the future and how technology might be helpful. Have we missed anything?

XL II Findings

5 Themes

Technology barriers

Loss of human contact

Feeling of inadequacy

Is high tech just a marketing gimmick?

Transportation

Help and assistance

Self monitoring

use technology to maintain or even improve both physically and mentally

Self-comparison and self-improvement

Appreciation of telehealth

Gaming

Can play games at any time with or without other people

XL II Memorable Quotes

Tech barriers

One technology that bothers me is that when I call and I get a

machine to talk to.

It’s a little discouraging when your 17-year-old grandson comes over

and knows all these things that you don’t

Transportation

I have to ask somebody to go anyplace and that’s aggravating

Public transportation means walking two blocks to catch the bus

Help and Assistance

When my children come I have a honey-do list.

XL II Memorable Quotes (II)

Self Monitoring

if we were visiting our daughter, we could have accessed it [medical

records] out there

Gaming

I play Scrabble on my computer,

I do crosswords

XL II Discussion

Not enough information about new technology

Eager to learn more in general and how they can help them in particular(independence, quality of life, improve physical and mental abilities)

Receptive to new technologies but feel uneasy and conservative around them

Many of them do use computers as communication tools (email, browser and Skype)

Needs:

Maintain independence (ADL, home maintenance)

Preference: moving or hiring help (technology is not the most frequently selected solution)

Considerations for Tech Adoption

Four Themes

Safety and Independence

Social Interaction

Use of Technology

Support

Health

Finance

Privacy

Mahmood, A. et. Al, 2008. Perceptions and use of gerontechnology:

Implications for aging in place, Journal of Housing for the Elderly. 22(1/2),

pp 104-126

Consideration Factors when Adapting

Gerontechnology

Felt Need (Motivation)

Cohort Effect Functional status Cost

Acute illness

Progression of chronic diseases

Lack of social support

Access to resources

Use of technological means *Horgas, A. & Abowd, G. 2003. The impact of technology on living

environments for older adults, in Technology for Adaptive Aging, pp 93-

127

Mahmood, A. et. Al, 2008. Perceptions and use of gerontechnology:

Implications for aging in place, Journal of Housing for the Elderly. 22(1/2),

pp 104-126

Decision on Whether to Adapt Smart Home

Technology

Mahmood, A. et. Al, 2008. Perceptions and use of gerontechnology:

Implications for aging in place, Journal of Housing for the Elderly. 22(1/2),

pp 104-126

Attitude Towards

Smart Home Technology

Gator Tech Smart House

2011/4/26 CompSac 2007 Keynote, Sumi Helal 20

And Our Panelists

Trial

3 focus groups

No major impairments

With mobility impairments

With vision impairments

8 technical applications

Location tracking

Remote monitoring

Voice activation

Smartwave

2011/4/26 J. Johnson article 21

• Smart mailbox

• Smart front door

• Cueing system

• Security system

Procedure

Participants are asked to (after informed consent):

1. Fill out demographic questionnaire and as well as functional status, experience with technology, and attitudes toward technology

2. Partake on a brief tour of the home and demonstration of each technology application

3. Freely express their opinions after the tour

4. Join structured discussion with questions about the demo technologies

5. Be audio and video recorded

6. During transcription process, observation of body language and gestures of interest are added

Verdicts

Favorable: Smart door and voice activation

Least favorable: Smartwave and cueing system

Primary concerns: Security/Safety

Favorable applications are different in focus groups with

different conditions:

Mobility impaired group:

Tracking/Remote monitoring/Smart door/Smart mailbox

Vision impaired group:

Smartwave

No-impairment group:

Would be nice to have… but it’s for someone else

2011/4/26 J. Johnson article 23

Observations

Cost remains a high-priority concern

Use it or lose it

Never have pre-packaged microwavable meal

Not at this time… it’s for others

My wife does everything for me

Social interaction is important

2011/4/26 J. Johnson article 24

What do older adults really think

about gerontechnology?

What do Users Really Think?

Interested in (geron)technology but also slightly

intimidated

Lack of access to the latest and relevant information and

lack of understanding of the benefits of the technology

Who and how should the information be disseminated

Felt needs

“Not for me” symptom

Tech front and tech back – Human touch

Self help line in the supermarket

Access to medical record anywhere

Auto shutoff of stoves and oven

Conclusion

U. S. 65+ population

1990 31.1 mil

2020 54.0 mil

2050 79.0 mil

U. S. 85+ population (mil)

2050

2020

Urgent Issue of Aging

1990

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

19901910192019301940195019601970 1980 19902000

20102020

20302040

2050

Iowa has the highest percentage of people age 85 or older in the U.S. (2.1% 1996 to 3.1% 2025)

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Cost of Senior Care

2011/4/26 Careguide.com 29

Nursing homes (50,000/annual, 115/day)

Home health care (85/visit, 100/day)

Assisted living facilities or retirement housing (1000-5000/month, 12000-60000/annual, average 72/day)

Adult day care (10 – 50/day depend on the kind of care)

Other senior care services

Geriatric care manager (40 – 100/hour)

Emergency response service (35 – 100/month)

Medication reminder service (20/month)

Meal delivery service (2 – 5/meal)

Transportation service (50-100/round trip)

Senior Center

By 2050, the overall cost of senior care will be in the range of 600 billion USD annually

2010 2050

Savings for using Gerontechnology:

50/day X 300 days X (71M X 10%) = 106B

Burden of Senior Care =

Number of Older Adults Requiring Care

Number of People Providing Care

Gerontechnologists’ Core Competencies

Soft Skills:

Mental Preparedness to work with older adult.

Ability to contribute to interdisciplinary team work.

Capability to manage complexity.

Aptitude to understand the applicability of Technology.

Specific sets of Knowledge:

Understanding of the aging process.

Understanding of computational thinking.

Understanding of software engineering practices.

Understanding the assistances that can be provided or enabled by technology.

Understanding of the principles of the universal/inclusive design.

Understanding of the appropriate assessment and evaluation methodologies.

Takeaways

Older adult population is growing exponentially

Don’t blame it on age

Assistive tech can help people of all functional status

how does aging affect people

Tech adoption 2 factors: felt needs and cohort effect

Design helps to improve user acceptance and avoid stigma

Service computing allows easy integration and adaptation

User study is crucial for gerontech, but be ethical!

Reminder

April 28 In Class Final Presentation and Demo

Posters

May 1 Midnight Final Report (WebCT)

Group and Personal Note

(WebCT)

Code (Subversion)

May 4 CANCELLED Due to scheduling conflict, you

are no longer required to

participate in design review

Final Exam

May 4 (Wednesday) at 9:45 – 11:45 in our regular classroom (Town Engineering 230)

A one-page single-sided HAND-WRITTEN crib sheet will be allowed

Covers only materials in the second half of the semester (everything covered after March 3 is fair game):

OSGi programming,

Software Engineering,

Design Principles,

User Study and Evaluation

Preparation: Lecture Notes, Homework (homework 3 to 6), and the Assigned readings

Review OSGi bundle implementation

What are C-requirement and D-requirement?

Storyboarding

What is it used for? The benefits?

Use Case

What are the elements of use cases?

Come up with use case(s) for a given project

Workflow

Service Computing

Software design and implementation using services

Service engineering

Differences between regular software engineering and service oriented architecture

Test case and Use case: developing test cases using use cases

Review II

Principles of User interface design

Color and typography

Identity design and branding

Meaning of Usability

Review III

User study design

Usability

Qualitative and Quantitative Methods

Hypothesis, Conditions, Population and Two Group Design, Power, Generalization, Significance

Research ethics involving human participants

Respect for persons

Informed consent process

Beneficence

Risks versus benefits

Justice

What we know about real users’ acceptance and opinions about gerontechnology from published studies