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Use of the Economic Input-Output Life-Cycle Assessment (eiolca)
Website
By Chris Hendrickson, H. Scott Matthews and Mike Griffin
Green Design Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15208, USA
2
Some Sustainability Tools
• Triple bottom line assessments (multi-objective optimization)
• Life Cycle Assessment• Expand range of design alternatives (not
a tactic limited to sustainable infrastructure, of course…)– New technology (datalogger, new materials)– Alternative approaches (different modes)
3
Some Other Common Tools
• Materials flow analysis• Appropriate boundary setting.• Risk and uncertainty analysis.• Life cycle cost analysis.• Design heuristics (reduce energy use,
eliminate waste material)
4
www.eiolca.net Website Components
• Economic Input-Output Model of US Economy (~480 economic sectors)
• Impact Vectors: Air emissions, Energy use, Toxic emissions, Employment.
• 1992 and 1997 Benchmark models + annual models of US economy
• Tutorial on model use.• Forum for discussion.
5
6
History of Website• Initial version on spreadsheet.• Moved to web for free public use in 2000
with 1992 Benchmark Input-Output Data.• Update to 1997 Benchmark in 2004.• Papers on input-output life cycle
assessment method and applications from 1992 on.
• Plan to update to 2002 Benchmark in 2007.
7
Use of Website
• >1,000,000 uses of the model (over 10,000 per month).
• Education/research uses most frequent.• Numerous industrial and government
uses.• Numerous international uses.• ‘Hybrid applications’ with process models
and input-output model common.
8
Most Popular SectorsSECTOR %
Motor Vehicles 5
Plastics 3
Dairy farm products 3
Blast furnaces 2
Electricity 2
Inorganic Chemicals 2
Computers 2
Household laundry 1
Asphalt paving 1
Glass containers 1
9
Most Popular ImpactsIMPACT TABLE %
Default Summary 13
Conventional Air Pollutant Emissions 9
Fuels 9
RCRA Hazardous Waste 7
Toxics Releases by Sector 5
External Costs 4
Ores 3
OSHA Safety and Fatality 3
Fertilizers 3
Weighted Toxics Releases (CMU-ET) 3
10
Book for Documentation in 2006• Theory.• Applications:
appliances, buildings, energy generation and transmission, logistics, motor vehicles, and services
• Extension to regional and safety impacts.
11
Residential Life Cycle Energy
1509 1669
14493
4725
31
34
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
Standard Efficient
En
erg
y C
on
sum
pti
on
(G
J)
Demolition
Use
Fabrication
Source: Ochoa, Hendrickson, Matthews and Ries, 2005
12
Motor Vehicle Energy Use
1053310800 95418
1100211
413337215160676
191432
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
Vehicle Life Cycle Stage
En
erg
y U
se (
MJ)
Suppliers
Industry/Vehicle
13
Example: Power Tool Datalogger
Connectionto an LED fordata transmission
power supply
Connections to sensors
14
Datalogger Triple Bottom Line• Permits profitable re-manufacturing to replace
loss making recycling.• Develops information on tool use.• Reduces material use overall.• Creates new low-cost tool option.• No privacy issues raised (unlike autos!)• Must balance cost (including environmental
cost) of datalogger versus benefits – return rate of used power tools is critical.
15
Some Relevant On-going Green Design Inst. Research
• 2002 Benchmark Update.• Mixed unit input-output models: metal flows
and monetary transactions.• Regional Models.• Other national models with international trade
flows.• Construction, energy (especially electricity),
infrastructure and transportation alternatives life cycle assessment applications.
16
Switchgrass (Cellulosic) Ethanol
Distribution of Consumer
Preferences
Compact Car
Sports Car
Light TruckHydrogen
Gasoline
EthanolBiomass
Oil
Tar Sands
Plug-in Hybrid Electric
Internal Combustion
Fuel Cell
DistributionPipelines
Manufacturing Use End of Life
Rail Shipping
ProcessingResource Use Transportation
Coal Electricity
Vehicles ConsumersEnginesFuelsResources
Infrastructure& Policy
Decisions in the Marketplace
Impact:Life Cycle Analysis
Policy
17
Local Action: Carnegie Mellon
18
Some Carnegie Mellon Projects (cont)
19
Conclusions
• Making sustainability operational requires political will but also effective tools and technology.
• Triple bottom line assessment: economic, environmental, social
• Life cycle perspective essential• Challenges should not lead to paralysis.
20
Some Resources
• Center for Sustainable Engineering (ASU, Carnegie Mellon, Texas): http://www.csengin.org/
• Carnegie Mellon Green Design Institute: www.gdi.ce.cmu.edu
• Input-Output Life Cycle Assessment: website at www.eiolca.net. Book: Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Goods & Services: An Input-Output Approach, 2006.