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2010 CONFIDENTIAL

Kent BioEnergy CorporationWESTCAS 2010 San Diego, CA, June 18, 2010

Dr. James C. Levin, Director of Molecular Studies

USE OF MICROALGAE FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENTAND PRODUCTION OF RENEWABLE BIOFUELS

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CONTROLLED EUTROPHICATION PROCESS (CEP)FOR TREATING AQUACULTURE DRAIN WATER

2

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INITIAL RESEARCH SUPPORTED BY SEA GRANT

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Agency Research Topic Award

US Dept of Commerce ATP Techniques for Recycling of Aquaculture Effluents $2,000,000

US Dept of Agriculture Treatment and Reuse of Aquaculture Effluents $350,000

State of California (SSA) Reducing Eutrophic Conditions in the Salton Sea $1,000,000

EPA Management of CAFO Discharges $50,000

US Dept of EnergyUtilizing Microalgae for Carbon Sequestration and

Greenhouse Gas Abatement$750,000

National Science Foundation Microalgae Production, Harvest and Oil Extraction $150,000

Corporate Client Treatment of Landfill Effluents $2,600,000

KENT BIOENERGY HAS RECEIVED NEARLY $7.0 MILLIONIN GOVERNMENT & PRIVATE SUPPORT FOR ALGAE RESEARCH

TIMELINE OF DEVELOPMENT OF KENT BIOENERGY ALGAE TECHNOLOGY

4

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KENT BIOENERGY 160 ACRE MICROALGAE RESEARCH FACILITY

LOCATED IN THE COACHELLA VALLEY

Algae Pond

Production

System

(25 Acres)

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ALGAL HARVESTING AND DEWATERING SYSTEMS

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CONTROL OF EXCESS NUTIRENTSENTERING THE SALTON SEA

(Efforts to sustain fish and bird populations)

THE PROBLEM:

Terminal lake

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(XWURSKLFDWLRQ

High tributary flow rate (600,000 gpm)

Low nutrient concentrations (N & P)

Phosphorus is the limiting nutrient

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KBE LARGE-SCALE MICROALGAECONTROLLED EUTROPHICATION PROCESS (CEP)

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A

SALTON SEA BIOLOGICAL REMEDIATION PROGRAM2002 2009

FOUR STAGE PROCESS OF CEP

9

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KENT BIOENERGY FIELD DATA ALLOWS US TO OPTIMIZE CEPOPERATING PARAMETERS FOR MAXIMAL PRODUCTIVITY,

NUTRIENT UPTAKE, AND CARBON CAPTURE

Water DepthAlgal Production

13.0

14.0

10.0

6.0

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

Spring Summer Fall Winter

AlgalProduction(gAlgae/m2-day)

Ag Drainage

Seasonal Productivity

Algal Lipid Content

20.0

12.0

6.5

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

Freshwater No-Stress Freshwater - N Stress Saltwater

AlgalLipidCo

ntent(%)

Lipid Content

Nutrient Uptake

Lipid MaximizationAlgal Harvest

10

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SELENIUM REDUCTION OF SALTON SEA AG DRAINAGE

From R. Gersberg, 2006-2007 studies

CEP40% Se reductionwith 4 6 Day

Retention

WETLANDS54% (Imperial) and

69% (Brawley)Se reduction

with 9 18 DayRetention

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SPECIES CONSERVATION HABITAT (SHC) SITESAT THE MOUTH OF THE ALAMO & NEW RIVERS

IN THE IMPERIAL VALLEY

Courtesy DWR

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EARLY START HABITAT USGSALAMO RIVER

IN THE IMPERIAL VALLEY

Courtesy of USGS

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CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS TMRWHITEWATER RIVER

IN THE COACHELLA VALLEY

Courtesy TMR

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ALGAE INPUTS (Requirements) AND OUTPUTS (Products)

Light

Microalgae

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Membrane lipids (Polar) Storage lipids (Neutral)

Dr. Qiang Hu, Arizona State University

ALGAL LIPIDS

MICROALGAE ARE MICROSCOPIC AQUATIC PLANTS

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MICROALGAE ARE MICROSCOPIC AQUATIC PLANTSTHAT USE SUNLIGHT AND CO2 TO CREATE BIOMASS

ALGAE CAN PRODUCE MUCH MORE BIOFUEL PER ACRE THAN LAND CROPS

Ethanol Biodiesel

High Biomass Yields Require only Sunlight, CO2 & Nutrients for Growth

Potentially Very High Lipid Yields CO2 Neutral and Eligible for Carbon Credits

Can Utilize Low Quality Fresh or Saline Water Potential for Recycling Valuable Nutrients

Can Utilize Low Quality Non-Arable Land Potential for Valuable Co-Products

A VARIETY OF PROCESS OPTIONS HAVE BEEN PROPOSED

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Cold HexaneExtraction

SupercriticalFluid

Extraction(CO2)

High PressurePulsing /

Sonication /Electroporation

SoxhletHexane

Extraction

Oil Extraction

Roller PressCrushing

Step 4

ManagedNatural WaterBodies and

Static Ponds

Photo-bioreactors

(PBRs)

Light Diffusionand

Fiberoptics

Technology

High RateOpen Ponds

Algae CultureHybrid System

(High RatePonds + PBRs)

Step 2

18

A VARIETY OF PROCESS OPTIONS HAVE BEEN PROPOSEDFOR THE PRODUCTION OF ALGAE-BASED BIOFUELS

Allow Wild

Species toDominate

Use BiologicalControls to

MinimizeCompetitors

Use Genetically

Modified AlgaeStrains (GMO)

Select StrainsOptimal for

LocalConditions

Strain SelectionManipulate

Environment toMinimize

CompetitorsStep 1

Kent BioEnergy Process

MechanicalCentrifuge or

Filtration

ChemicalFlocculation

ElectricalFloatation

(DAF)

BiologicallyEnhanced

Settling

Algae HarvestBiologicalHarvest &

Conversion

Step 3

Cost

KENT BIOENERGY PROCESS FOR ENERGY

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KENT BIOENERGY PROCESS FOR ENERGYAND CO-PRODUCT GENERATION IN

CEP MICROALGAE SYSTEMS

KBE TECHNOLOGY HAS MARKET APPLICATIONS IN

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KBE TECHNOLOGY HAS MARKET APPLICATIONS INPOLLUTION CONTROL AND BIOMASS PRODUCTION

CRITERIA FOR LOCATION OF FULL SCALE COMMERCIAL SITES

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Rainfall

Temperature

CRITERIA FOR LOCATION OF FULL-SCALE COMMERCIAL SITES

Cloud Cover

Optimal U.S. Locations

- existing KBE site

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ALGAE CULTURE ACTIVITIES IN THE IMPERIAL ANDCOACHELLA VALLEYS

Kent BioEnergy

Earthrise

SunEco Energy

Carbon Capture

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CONCLUSIONS

ALGAE CULTURE DOES NOT COMPETE WITH FOOD PRODUCTION

NON-ARABLE LAND LOCATED IN ARID CLIMATES

EXPOSED PLAYAS AND REDUCE FINE DUST IRRITANTS

NON-POTABLE WATER (WASTEWATER, BRACKISH, SALINE)

USE OF WASTE NUTRIENTS (ORGANIC) AGRICULTURAL & MUNICIPAL

REMOVES POLLUTANTS AND RESTORES VALUABLE HABITAT

RECYCLES CARBON DIOXIDE & MITIGATES GHG EMMISSIONS

PRODUCES MANY VALUABLE PRODUCTS, INCLUDING BIOFUELS

PROVIDES NEEDED JOBS IN THE VALLEY

STIMULATES LOCAL COMMERCE

IS ELEGABLE FOR GOVERNMENT GRANTS

a) Water reclamation

b) Habitat restoration

c) Renewable energy

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DISCUSSION

Kent BioEnergy Corporation

11125 Flintkote Avenue, San Diego, CA 92121(858) 452-5765 www.kentbioenergy.com

ALGAE BIOMASS REQUIRE MUCH LESS

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ALGAE BIOMASS REQUIRE MUCH LESSAGRICULTURAL LAND THAN TERRESTRIAL CROPS

All US Agriculture All Corn

All Soy

To make all US diesel from soy

To make alldiesel frompalm oil

To make alldiesel from

algae

Replacing all diesel usage in the USwith renewable algae-based biodieselwould require about 8 million acres ofproduction, about the size of the USsorghum farming industry.

Total US area:2.3 billion acres

Total farm area:0.9 billion acres