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Use of international nurseries for identification of stem and leaf
rust resistance
Dr. Maricelis Acevedo, North Dakota State University, USA
Objectives
• Evaluate genotypes at adult plant stage
– ID new sources of resistance
• Obtain up-to-date information of effectiveness of sources of resistance
• Compare new sources of resistance to international checks
• Mapping of resistance gene(s)
– RIL populations
International Stem Rust Nursery at KARI- Njoro, Kenya
International Stem Rust
Nursery at EIAR- Debre Zeit,
Ethiopia
Inoculated + natural Natural inoculum
Natural inoculum
e-Xtra* Field Resistance to the Ug'9'9 Race Group of the Stem Rust Pathogen in Spring Wheat Landraces
1\11. Ne wcom )t) United State. Department of AgricuJ mre-A gricuJtural &e. earch Se r v i c (US OA-ARS) . Sman Grain'! and Pmato Ger m p l Jn Re-Search Unit. Aberdeen. [D. 8 32 1 0 M Aceved o, Depa nme-tn ,of Plant Pathology, Nort:h Dakota State lin iversilty . Fargo. 58.108: H . IE. B ocke1man USDA-ARS. Small G ra ins and Potato Germplasm Research UnH: G . Brown-(diedirn, U SDA-ARS. Eastern Regiorud Genomyp ing Laboratory. Raleigh, NC. 276 95 : B. J . Goates M d E. \ \ f. J :ack.soo, USDA-ARS. Sm.aH Grai ns and Pomato G ermplasm Research Unit: Y. Jln ,, U SDA-A:RS. 1Cereal D i_ ea e Laborato ry. Unive r:siE)' of M nnesota, Sl. P au t MN . 55108 : P. NJau K!e nya Agriclllltural Reseaii'Ch Jnstitute , N]o11o. Kenya : I ' lL N. Rouse" lJSDA-ARS . Cereal D i_ ease Laboratory: U. Siogb, Pl ant Breedi!ng I nstitute. The University of Sydn ey, N SW, AustroJia: R . 1\ ':anye.ra , Kenya A gricu lmra l iRese rd m ]nstirut e and J . l\ L Bomua n , U SDA ARS StnaU Graitl and Pma1o Germplru m Re. earch lJnit
3 0
":a' • ;"!: • I i
20 ••
• • = 10
40
0+------- ------ ---- -- ---- ---T------ ------ ------ 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Longitud e 70 80
Pia nt Dis. 97:882-890. Borlaug Global Rust Initiative
Germplasm evaluation for identification of new sources of resistance to “Ug99”
Top-ten countries of origin with highest proportion of resistant accessions
Adapted from Newcomb et al.,2013 - Plant Dis. 97:882-890.
Other countries with resistance accessions: Egypt, Austria, Russian Federation, Tunisia, Pakistan, China, Chile, Algeria, Armenia, Bhutan, Bolivia, Chad, Cyprus, Former Soviet Union, Georgia, India, Iraq, Macedonia, Nepal, Peru, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Sudan, Switzerland, Syria, Uruguay and Venezuela
Country Proportion of resistant
accessions
N
Afghanistan 0.23 74
Iran 0.18 595
Portugal 0.17 30
Ethiopia 0.15 324
Uzbekistan 0.14 7
Greece 0.14 43
Tajikistan 0.11 9
Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.10 29
Serbia 0.10 20
Turkey 0.08 546
M olecular Breedin g O c t o b e r2 0 14. V olum e 3 4, Issue 3 . p p 87 1-881 Date : 0 3 Ap r 2014
H i g h - d e n s i t y l l l a p p i n g of a r e s i s t a n c e g e n e t o U g 9 9 fr·orr1 t h e I r a n i a n l a n d r a c e P I 6 2 6 5 7 3 Jason D . Zurn . M ar ia N e\lvc o m b . Mat thew N . R o u s e , Yue J in . S hiaom an Chao , Jinrta S tha it. Deven R . S e e. Ruth W an era . Peter N"au, J . M ich ael B o n m a n. Rober t B rueggeman , M aricel is Acevedo
.. _· -=-- ..: - -. _-:- :: --- ' . £ - - - • - -
-- _ ::-- · : . : -
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“Ug99” – Stem rust resistance
• PI626573 – Resistant in seedling and adult-plant screenings 1
• SrWLR was delimited to an 1.9 cM region2
• This same region is known to contain Sr9 including Sr9h (SrWeb)3
1 Acevedo et al., 2011 2 Zurn et al., 2014 3
Rouse et al., 2014
Evaluation of RIL Population
• Population size – 240 RILs
• Two seasons
• Validation at seedling stage - USDA/ARS - CDL, St. Paul MN
• Use of surrogate race RKQQ - NDSU
1.9 cM
Zurn et. al., 2014
Chromosome 2B
Identification of durum wheat sources of broad rust resistance
Characterization of leaf and stem rust resistance in durum wheat germplasm
Ju ly 200 Vo l unl e 8-8 Nunl be r 7 Pa g e s 70 3- 70 8 http :/ / dx .d oi .o rg/ 10.109 / PD I S .200 .8-8.7 .70 3
Occurrence and In1pact of a New Leaf Rus.t Race on Durun1 Wheatin Nor thweste rn MeXJico fron1 .2 0 0 1 to 1 0 0 3
A ugust 20 10 , f alun1e 9 Nun1ber 8 Pa ge 105 8 http :/ / dx .d o i.org/ 10 .109 / PD IS -9 - 8-106 SA
Disease Notes
Virulence in Puucinia triticina for Dururn Wheat Cui1Divar Creso ar1d Other Durun1 Wheat Cui1Divars Carrying Resistance Gene t r 1 4 a in France
Races of Puocinia g.raminis f . sp tritici with Con1bined Viruler1ce t o Sr13 and Sr 9 e i n a Fie1d Sten1 Rust Screening Nursery in Ethiopia P. D. 0 Iiv e r a , Depa r tn1ent of PIant Pat haIogy , Univ ers it·tt of Minnes-ot a , St . Pa ul, MN 55108 ; Y . l i n a nd M . Rous e , Unit ed St at es Depa r tn1e nt of A gr icult ure.- A gr icult ura I Re-sea rch Serv ice CereaI Disease La bo rat o r y St . Pa ul r'.I1N 55108 A . B a d e b o Et hiopia n In st it ut e of A gr icult ura l Resea rch, De bre Ze it , Et hia pia; T. Fe t c h, J r . , CereaI Resea rch Cent er Agr icult ure and A gr i- Foa d Ca na da, · linnip-eg, 1\118 R3T 21\'19 Cana da a nd R. P . S in g h a nd A . Ya hy a o ui Int ernatio na l r".tl aize a nd lVheat In1pr ov en1ent Cent er , El B-at an Mex ico CP 56130
Plant Dis. 96:623-628.
An ounce of preve tion is worth pound of
enj,..,mtn n lin eeMIIe.com
Prev·ention
Rust in the bread basket http://www.economist.com/node/16481593
• 380-597 durum wheat accessions evaluated
– Ethiopia – Spring season 2014 (leaf and stem rust)
– Morocco – Spring season 2014 and 2015 (leaf rust)
– Mexico – Spring and Summer 2013 (leaf rust)
• SNP genotypes – as part of the T-CAP project: http://www.triticeaecap.org/
Characterization of leaf and stem rust resistance in durum wheat germplasm
Top-ten countries of origin with highest proportion of resistant accessions to leaf rust in Ethiopia
Other countries with resistance accessions: Iran Italy, United States, Argentina, Cyprus, Ethiopia, France, Poland, Europe, Hungary, Malta, Peru, Syria, Algeria, Ancient Palestine, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, China, Egypt, Eritrea Former Soviet Union, Greece, Kenya, Nigeria, Pakistan, South Africa, United Kingdom, Uruguay, Yemen, Afghanistan, Angola, Ecuador, Georgia, India, Indonesia, Libya, Romania, Russian Federation and Turkey
Country Proportion of resistant
accessions
N
Tunisia 0.81 16 Israel 0.78 9 Portugal 0.67 21 Spain 0.64 11 Mexico 0.61 18 Hungary 0.60 5 Malta 0.60 5 Lebanon 0.58 12 Morocco 0.58 12 Chile 0.55 11
Field evaluation at CIMMYT locations in Mexico
19 of the resistant durum accessions to local race BBBQ from CA, USA at seedling stage were also resistant at the adult stage in Mexico locations.
20 18
65 36
303
at adult stage in Mexico 339
0
50
100
150
200
Obregon El Batan
Num
ber o
f acc
essi
ons 300
R 250
350
400
Durum accessions reaction to leaf rust
MR
MS/S
Obregón: 388 accessions
El Batán: 393 accessions
Most common origin of resistant durum landraces
Lebanon
Association mapping, based on the seedling reaction to leaf rust BBBQ
• Most significant SNP is IWA7547 located on chromosome 2AS at 122 cM position based on the consensus map developed using the wheat 9K Infinium SNP array.
Characterization of resistance gene(s)
• 16 RIL mapping populations
– crosses between resistant accessions X Rusty (highly susceptible)
– crosses between resistant accessions X Divide ( local variety susceptible to races evaluated)
Winter 2013 • F2 seed harvested at NDSU • F2 evaluation at NDSU for CA
and AZ isolate resistance • Collect tissue for DNA extraction
and genotyping (SNP markers) Spring 2014 • Keep advancing populations • F3 seed populations was set
aside for future evaluation Fall 2014 • Send seed to Ethiopia for field
evaluation • Send seed to Morocco for field
evaluation Winter 2014 • F3 evaluation at NDSU • F6 evaluations at NDSU Spring 2015
• Evaluate disease resistance in Ethiopia and Morocco 2015-2016
• Evaluation of resistance in pre-breeding and breeding germplasm
Screening request protocol and data sharing
http://www.global rust.org/
B G RI Borlaug Global Rust Initiative
Newsroom Award s & Opportumties Events
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Resistance Genes
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BGRIBlog
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The deadnne for the 2015 awilld IS 1 October 2014 For application mformabon please VISrt the BGRI Wl l paoe...+ More
Wheat gene discovery clears way for non-GMO breeding V.ash1ngton State UmveTSJty · 15 Sep 2014 +More
Bhutan releases new wheat varieties after a gap of 20 years SeedQuest ·29 Auo 2014 +More
Bortaug Display at the Kansas State Fair John Bakum 4 Sep 2014
The Kansas State Fa1r runs September 5-14, 2014 The Kansas Wheat exh1brt 1s in the Pnde of Kansas building Il ls open 9am -
Wild grass could provide new targets for wheat and barley nd·reQuests
The Borlaue.... Global Rust InitiatiYc: • reduces the world's vulnerability to stem, yellow, and
leaf rusts of wheat
• faolrtates the evolubon of sustamable mtemahonal partnerships to contan Ihe threat of wheat rusts. and
• enhances world producbvrty to wrthstand Mure threats to wheat
Feahtred Yideo
B G RI Borlaug Global Rust Initiative
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, Knowledoe Center , Screenmg Data and Requests
Screening Data and Requests
Would you like to query the screening database?
Contacts
International Focal Point: CIMMYT-Na irobi
Sridhar Bhavani s.bhavan1@coiar oro
National Focal Point Ethiopia: EIAR
Or. Bedada Ginna Tel. +251 911 841 176 Bedada o@Ya hoo com
National Focal Point Kenya : KARl Mr. Peter N. Njau Dr. Ruth Wanyera Tel +254 733 n 5 229 Tel +254 n 1 21 6 016 maupnn@yahoo com wanyera@plan tproteclion coke
Or would you like to submit a request for material to be screened by one of these nurseries?
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Home , Knowledge Center , S geemng Requests and Data , Screemng Requests
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Screening Reports XLS (excel) format
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B G RI Borlaug Global Rust Initiative
Screening Reque sts
Process
Complete this form and upload your spreadsheet of material to be screened The spreadsheet must be either an Excel (XLS) or a Comma Separated Values (CSV) file and it should have three columns (Packet No.• Variety (Name). Pedigree)- download templ ate IXLT file ) It is also recommended that you include your o1•m susceptible check every 20 entries
2 Once you submit this form with the spreadsheet. you will receive a confirmation that your request was received by the nursery coordinator 3 The coordinator will review your request to be sure all required information (including pedigree) was provided 4_ I f your application is complete and approved. then the coordinator will obtain the required import permit You will receive an email with the required
permit attached At that time you will need to provide additional information, such as the airbill information 5 I f your application is not complete or there is missing information. i t will be rejected and you will receive an email explaining why
If you have any questions, please contact the International Focal Point: Dr Sridhar Bhavani. CIMMYT, Kenya.
If you are ready to continue to online screening request form, please dick 'nexf below - The following instructions and more information including an overview of the process. collaborator visits to the nursery site , and import permits can be found at globalrust org
Sending Mate rial/Deadlines The screening facilities of East-Africa cater lwo cycles per year so meeting sowing dates is crucia l. For each season all material must reach the respective country by the following deadlines
• Main season (Kenya 1 May Ethiopia 1 May) • Off season (Kenya 15 October; Ethiopia 30 November)
Plan accordingly so that your material reaches us before deadline If material is winter type i t must be received one-month in advance of deadlines above. Once we receive your application, it takes about one week to obtain the required import permit and once your shipment reaches the respective country it takes about one week for clearance Material received after the season-specified deadline given below will be sown in the next season Seed Sending Instructions
The seed shipment must be properly and tightly packed along with the following ORIGINAL documents ·
• A ............ , . , , . . c ......... ............- n ......"""':• ................... '""·· ....... v .............. ..... c:.....:......:...... ,-...............rY'O . . . . . . . . . . . . . .•u ...........:.......... ........................................... :... ......................4
Process 1. Complete this form and upJoad your spreadsheet of material1o be sc'eene-d.The spreadsheet mus,t be either an Exce'l (XLS} or a Comma..
Separated Values (CSV) file and ilshould ha,ve three oorumns (Packet No'.,Va·riety {Name}.P·edigr,ee) • ®wnloattemplate (XU filel. lt is also recommended ·that you Include your own susceptible clleck every 20 entries.
2. Once y,ou subm this form widi the spreadsheet. you will receive a confirmation duu ycmr- request was re<:eived by 1henui'Sety coordinalor. 3. The co-ordina.tor will review your request to lbe sur·e an rrequi'red information (including pedigree) w,as provided. 4. If your applicalion is complete and .approved.then the ooordinatorwill obtain the required import perm.You wiU receive an email with die ,require-d
perm a:ttached. Allhal. time you will need to provide addkional informatio:n,such as the airbill information. 5. If your application is not oomplete or there is. missing information. willbe rejected and you will re<:eive an ema explaining why.
If you have any ques1ions1 please co.ntaot the Internationa l Foc;:al Point:· Dr. Sridhar Bhavani CIMMYT.Kenya.
Sending Material/Deadlines
The screening fa:d liti s of Eas1-Afiica cater two cycl s per year so meeting so oving1 dates Is orucia l. For each season, all rnal.eria1 must readh the respective country by the following deadlines:
.. Marn season {Kenya 1 May Ethropfa 1 May)
.. Off season (Kenya 15 October : Elhiopia 30 Nov.emoor)
Knowledge Center
Screening Requests
Step 1 of 2
sere-e ·rg "(eqLo:sli arc o a
Screelllllg Reporrs XL s jexc.IJ rormat
Note: Reql;.-eel celds are marl;ed Yllth an astensl- 1"' an:! b-01\'SEf oook:.es reed to ::e enabed
Sender Identification
Ema s ·
First M'Tl!! '
..astniL'Tl!!'
Organization Information
Orga!'=.a:IC<l •
A:ldress •
Fax
lype o' organt:a"Jo"• Seect
Marerials
Crooeype' S e :c t Soura! country • SE'.ect.
N-Jil'bef of l nes• ro .< rg f h l & O e •e cte-:U • J:ro...:P.!f ' - - - - - - - - - '
mE-f of repuca:msIper .nel t c = J \'legt : per lire :1 grams • r.=J
Packa!F- vreght " ilograms •
Che'l11Ci1 tre:t:men:
-ype of materia •
c = J Yes 'le O
Seecl
Ma.n SNson Off
Dear Maricelis Acevedo,
Your data has been submitted and is being processed by the coordinator at the nursery. Your confirmation number is: CC77BF8175E2FED6414E1EF808D97AE4.
You will receive an approval (or rejection notice) with the required import permit by email soon. You MUST wait for the import permit before shipping your material. You can also check your approval status here.
Regards,, Screening Team for the Borlaug Global Rust Initiative
N o. 0575964 J PERMIT No.
- - - - - ./ ..!f?.?./.;!.9 ...........
REPUBLIC OF KENYA MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE & RURAL DEVELOPMENT
KENYA PLANT HEALTH INSPECTORATE SERVICE (KEPHIS) PLANT IMPORTATION PERMIT
(Plant Protection Act Cap 324) Date IJ.. - ,} ............ The imponer must furnish the supplier with a copy of this import permit before plant material is despatched.
*Permission is hereby granted to M . !.::J Q .Q...................................................................................... of P,Q,.QQX.f.RIY.i\U .QAG.•m ORQ ............................................... ............................................................... to import from M . !.G .P . !;:.J;;Y.Ji;P.9 .'·!':1.\I.J:t.P.9. \ l.t. - - - - - - Y. !- - j y,_ P. pq 9-.f..Q_ - - 9 ..F.M G.Q., _II!P
- - Q - -$- --- ·············--...................................................... ............................................................. . the following TRUE SEEDS 1650 Grams Triticum aestivum
subject to the following conditions
1) All - ........................to be the produce of and grown in .l).!!!! t !!l.l . f m ri..c;............................... .. 2) The consignment to be inspected on arrival and the importing authority reserves the right to treat, destroy or refuse
the importation. 3) Plants or plantparts must be entirely free from soil, chaff and/or leaf mould. 4) Each consignment shall be accompanied by an original copy of this import permit and Phytosanitary Certificate
(International Model or its equivalent) from country of origin: Add ional Declarations:
The seed to be harvested from field inspected during active growth or lab tested and found free from Urocystis tritici and Tilletia indica. Seed to be treated with appropriate seed dressing berore dispatch.(State details on the Phytosanltary certificate)
Official Stamp "Import of genetically modified material will require clearance from the National Biosafety Authority in compliance with the Biosafety Act"
•rhe permission hereby granted Is addltlomll to any permission or licence required under any other law. Full name and address of supplier to be stated
l.NTEOSTA SOEPARTMENTOFAGRfCU.. H.fCE ANIMI\L JW:) P\.ANT IEAI.lH INSPECTlON SER'IICIO PlANT PROTECTIONAN:l OlWIANlK
PHYTOSANrTARY CERTIFICATE
FORDfFICW. USE ON.Y . ..-t"f# ,,. , 1/.::t".-.o.._,!
PlACE OFISSUE Fargo, North Da.kota
t--=-- - -380-17_..()4_0_5_16-76--7--N---l June 19, 2014
TO:1llEPLANTPROTECTION OROANIZA110N(S) OF Kenya.
CERllfiCAllON
!r ot ! et tf t: Pr r O: t. ! :rd! d :!·r ! ;:0:e ibe:r i : =: . = r r t :1t : 0 8 1 1
coatr•ct ing .,..r ty •nd to COnf Orti\ with the CY.rrent. phyto••nit•cy requlro Unts ot: the porting contr•ctiog par t :r includi ng thoae for regulated non-quarantine peata f
DISN'ESTATIONAIOORDISIFEC'lllHTREATMEHT 1.M.TE
{1) June 19, 2014 2.TREA'TloENT
Fungicide
j_ 3,ett;MCAL (oc:t41ngedionQ
carboxin 5..............,.,. •.""'
0 .03 oz I pounds 6. ••••• ..............................
DESCRIP110N OFTtE CONSIGNMENT 7. NAME MOA!XlAESSOFTlE
EXPORTER Maricelie Acevedo North Dakota State U i.versi ty Department 766Q PO Box 6050 Fargo, Nor f h Dakot a 58108
8.OEQ.AAEOI'W!E AlllA!XlAESS Of TIE CONSIGI£E Dr. Ruth Wanyera Consignee address inf ormation is prin ted on the attachment page.
9.NAME OFPROOlX:E JW:) QIJANTliY OEClARED
(]) 180 Grams Wheat (Se:e a)
·····················'*·····························
.0.)[email protected]................... .......... 10.BOTANCAL ..w.£OF PL\HTS
.......,......................................................................
,}........................ ....................
11.N.U!ERIHJOESCRP OFPAO<AGES (l ) 330 envelope•
.................................
...................
12..D.S.T.N.l.U.S.H.N.G..IA.A.R.K.S................................... (1) LMPG-6 X PI 362698
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13.PIACEOF Ul Cass County, North Dakota, USA ..................................... .............. ·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.··.··.·.•·.·.·.··.··.·.·.·.·.·.··.··.
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H.I:E Air Freignt
15.0Ea.AAEOPOINTDFEN1RY Nairobi, Kenya
Acknowledgements
