LOGO

Use of Greenhouse Biobeds in China

Gao Wenxuan Lab of Agro-waste to Resouce(LAR)

Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture(AEPI)

Tianjin, P.R.China

1

Basic information of AEPI

Founded in 1979

in Tianjin

More than 130

staff including 15

professors,

30 associate

professors, more

than 40

graduates

2

Main Research area

Remediation of the heavy-metal polluted agricultural soil

Recycle the agricultural waste

The index and criterion research of agricultural environment monitoring

Sustainable agriculture (Including ecological agriculture, climate change research and transgenic crops risk assessment)

3

Field Station

Tianjin

Hebei

Sichuan

Yunnan

4

Contents

Background 1

Biobed Lab Test 2

Primary Experimental Results 3

Further researching plan 4

5

Greenhouse vegetable planting in China

Total growing area

3.35 million hectares

Total production

247 million tons

In 2008

China Fruit and Vegetable 2009-05

6

Greenhouse vegetable planting in Tianjin

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

2005 2006 2007

5198 6032

6978

Gre

enhouse

veg

etab

le

area

in T

ianji

n (

hm

2)

Year

Greenhouse

vegetable base in

Daliang town

Wuqing District,

Tianjin ( 66 hm2 )

7

Situations of Pesticide use in China

Insecticide

23%

Fungicide

4%

Herbicide

46%

Others

27%

Pesticide Production in China

Pesticide production in China is 2.57 million tons in 2012, from Jan.

to Sep.

www.ampcn.com

8

Situations of Pesticide use in China

0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1

1,2

1,4

1990年 1995年 2000年 2003年

0,73

1,09

1,28 1,33 A

pp

lica

tion

of

pes

tici

de

in C

hin

a

(mil

lion

to

ns）

Year

9

Pesticide used in the vegetable greenhouse in Wuqing district, Tianjing

Chinese name Commercial name Active substance

百草枯 Paraquat Paraquat

嘧菌酯 Amistar Azoxystrobin

烯酰吗啉 Dimethomorph Dimethomorph

吡虫啉 Imidacloprid Imidacloprid

苯磺隆 Tribenuron methyl Tribenuron methyl

百菌清烟剂 Chlorothalonil chlorothalonil

15%腐霉利烟剂 procymidone procymidone

春雷·王铜 Kasumin+Bordeaux Kasumin(47%),Bordeaux(50%)

福·福锌 Thiram+ziram Thiram+ziram

甲霜·霜霉威 Metalaxyl+Propamocarb Metalaxyl(15%)+Propamocarb(10%)

灭蝇胺 Cyromazine Cyromazine

苯甲·嘧菌酯 Azoxystrobin+Difenoconazole Azoxystrobin(12.5%)+Difenoconazole(

32.5%)

精喹禾灵 Quizalofop-P-ethyl Quizalofop-P-ethyl 10

Pesticides used in the Lab Test

Commercial name

Active substance Production in China (2011)

Feature Function

Chlorothalonil

2,4,5,6-tetra chloro-1,3,-benzene dicarbonitrile

10.4 kt

One of the most widely

used foliar fungicides

in the world; High efficiency; Low toxicity; Broad-spectrum.

Fungicide Prevention and

treatment of downy

mildew,

anthracnose, blight

for vegetables.

Imidacloprid 1 - (6 - chloro - 3 - pyridyl methyl) - N - phosphite nitrate imidazole hydride - 2 - base amine

11.4 kt

High efficiency; Long duration; Low toxicity.

Quick-acting.

Insecticide Prevention and

treatment of thorn

sucking mouthparts

pests for cotton,

rice, vegetables and

a variety of fruit

trees. 11

Survey of Biomixture substrate

Easy to get by purchase

About 0.5 Yuan RMB/kg

In 2009, the total yield of straw is 770 million tons. From China Statistical Yearbook ,2009

Straw Peat

In 2011, the total yield of

mushroom is 25.7 million tons,

and about 14 million tons residue

were generated without proper

utilization

Mushroom residue

www.farmer.com.cn

12

Survey of Biomixture substrate

0,586 1,54

3,5

6,637

10,387

14,74

16,82 18,27

20,206 22

25,717

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1986 1993 1996 2000 2003 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Mushroom yields In China (106 tons)

13

The composition of the biomixtures

Biomixture Content by volume/%

MPS

Maize straw：Peat：Soil

50:25:25

MRS

Maize straw：Mushroom residue：Soil

50:25:25

WPS

Wheat straw: Peat ：Soil

50:25:25

WRS

Wheat straw: Mushroom residue：Soil

50:25:25

Control Soil 100

14

Physicochemical Characteristics of the Substrates and Biomixtures Used in the Experiment

Substrate Density (g/ml)

pH Org C (%)

N (%)

C/N

Soil 1.112 8.05 1.18 0.09 13.11

Fresh maize straw 0.375 8.06 40.93 1.48 27.66

Wheat straw 0.107 6.34 44.19 0.66 66.95

Peat 0.280 5.48 40.44 1.50 26.96

Mushroom residue 0.245 5.68 46. 33 1.85 25.04

Maize straw：Peat：Soil nd 7.67 7.14 0.37 19.30

Maize straw：Mushroom

residue：Soil nd 7.15 5.80 0.44 13.18

Wheat straw: Peat ：Soil nd 6.93 8.50 0.34 25.00

Wheat straw: Mushroom

residue：Soil nd 6.56 10.53 0.41 25.68

15

Substrates

Soil

Fresh Maize Straw

Wheat Straw

Peat

Mushroom Residue 16

Microbial Respiration

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

MPS MRS WPS WRS soil

CO

2 p

rod

uce

d (μg.g

-1.h

-1)

0d

7d

14d

21d

28d

17

Phenoloxidase Activity

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

MPS MRS WPS WRS soil

Ph

en

olo

xid

ase

act

ivit

y (m

U/g

)

0d

7d

14d

21d

28d

18

DT50 of two pesticides degradation after 28 days

Biomixtures

DT50

(C0=100 µg/g)

Chlorothalonil Imidacloprid

MPS Maize straw：Peat：Soil

3.51 22.57

MRS Maize straw：Mushroom residue：

Soil

4.50 30.49

WPS Wheat straw: Peat ：Soil

2.82 25.45

WRS Wheat straw: Mushroom residue：

Soil

3.00 30.21

soil 48.08 333.33

19

Conclusion

Substitution of peat with local mushroom residue will be applicable for the biobed system set-up in northern China

20

Next Step

Measure the degradation effects on other common pesticides

Investigate different types of mushroom residue

Optimize the composition of substitutions of biomixtures

Optimize the running parameters of the biobeds system

Build a demonstration project in the

greenhouse for vegetables in Tianjin 21

LOGO

22