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Gas Well Deliquification Workshop
Sheraton Hotel, Denver, Colorado
February 27 – March 2, 2011
Use of Foamer to Deliquify Natural Gas
Wells with Dry-gas-lift System
Fenfen Huang, Duy Nguyen, Adam Rowe
Nalco Company, Energy Services
Feb. 27 - Mar. 2, 2011 2011 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop
Denver, Colorado
2
Outline
• Background
• Developed foamer chemistry using DOE: synergism of mixed surfactants
• Test methods utilized to develop dry-gas-lift (DGL) foamer in the lab
— Sci-Foam EC7018A
• Field performance data of EC7018A
— On DGL well
— On well without DGL
• Conclusions
Background
• Customer used very dry gas in the gas lift mandrel
to mechanically unload liquid from natural gas
wells
• A large amount of incumbent foamer was used to
solve the loading problem
• The solvent in the conventional chemical foamers
flashed off easily when injected through the gas-lift
mandrel
• Conventional foamer ―gunked‖ in the system and
plugged the mandrel, resulting operational cost
Feb. 27 - Mar. 2, 20112011 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop
Denver, Colorado
3
Mixture Design Techniques(Four components)
4
Where:
X: weight percentage of component;A = betaine ; B = anionic surfactant;
C = EGMBE ; D = cationic corrosion inhibitor
% Unloading = 36.8 XA +45.4 XB +8.4 XC - 83.6 XD
+152.7 XAXB + 22.0 XAXC – 38.1 XAXD
+ 182 XBXC + 274.4 XBXD + 62.1 XCXD
– 637.2 XAXBXD – 810.3 XAXCXD
Duy Nguyen, Fenfen Huang, “Strategies for Optimizing Foamer Combination Products: A Statistical Design Approach”, 4th European Conference on Gas Well Deliquification, The Netherlands, September 2009
Interaction of Betaine and Anionic Surfactants
5
+-
+-
+-
TYPICAL MOLECULAR INTERACTION PARAMETERS (ß)
ANIONIC NONIONIC
ANIONIC 0 TO -1 -1 TO -5
NONIONIC -1 TO -5 < -1
AMPHOTERIC -5 TO -15 < -1
CATIONIC -15 TO -25 -1 TO -5
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Mo
le f
rac
tio
n o
f a
nio
nic
s
urf
ac
tan
t in
mix
ed
mic
elle
Mole fraction of anionic surfactant in mixed solutions
Non-Ideal
Ideal
b = -3.0
Feb. 27 - Mar. 2, 20112011 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop
Denver, Colorado
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Anionic Surfactant in Mixed Micelle
b = 0
Actual data
Feb. 27 - Mar. 2, 20112011 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop
Denver, Colorado
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3.000E-04
8.000E-04
1.300E-03
1.800E-03
2.300E-03
2.800E-03
3.300E-03
3.800E-03
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
CM
C (
mo
le/l
)
Mole fraction of anionic surfactant in mixed solutions
Non-Ideal
Ideal
CMC of Mixed Solutions
b = -3.0
b = 0
Actual data
Test Methods Used to Develop &
Validate DGL Foamer /CI/SI EC7018A
Feb. 27 - Mar. 2, 20112011 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop
Denver, Colorado
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• ―Gunking‖ test
• Dynamic foaming test
• Cold temperature stability
• Field trial
• Continuous injection
Feb. 27 - Mar. 2, 2011 2011 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop
Denver, Colorado
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―Gunking‖ Test• The bench top
Rotary-Evaporator
test
• Test temperature
115ºC / 240 ºF
• Weight loss
calculated
• Sample residue
visually inspected for
solid, precipitation
after test (both hot
and cooled)Reference: Cole-Parmer Rotary Evaporator Systems
Feb. 27 - Mar. 2, 2011 2011 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop
Denver, Colorado
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Gunking Test Residuals (Cooled)
Clear liquid
Feb. 27 - Mar. 2, 2011 2011 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop
Denver, Colorado
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Dynamic Foaming Performance Test (DFP) -Nalco Deliquification Unloading Rig
DFP Test Results in Water and Brine
12
• Brine: 3.85%NaCl,
0.55% CaCl2.2H2O
• Tap water
DGL Foamer DGL Foamer 2
• 400ppm active foamer
•Brine: 3.85% NaCl,
0.55% CaCl2.2H2OEC7001A EC7004A EC7018A
Feb. 27 - Mar. 2, 20112011 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop
Denver, Colorado
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DFP Test Results in Brine and Field Condensate
Dosage: foamer active 400ppm
2.89%
26.78%
45.92%
0.00%
20.00%
40.00%
60.00%
80.00%
100.00%
MC FA-4100 V-68 EC7018A
% U
nlo
ad
ing
by W
.TLiquid Unloading Efficiency in Brine
+ 20% Condensate
DGL Foamer 1 DGL Foamer 2
Feb. 27 - Mar. 2, 20112011 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop
Denver, Colorado
14
Cold Temperature Stability Test
FoamerWinterization test
@ -30 ºC
Winterization test
@ -45 ºC
Conventional foamer 1 Failed Failed
Conventional foamer 2 Failed Failed
DGL foamer 1
Failed: cloudy
liquid with a small
amount of solid
Failed: ice cube
DGL foamer 2Passed: clear
liquid
Passed: clear
liquid
EC7018APassed: clear
liquid
Passed: clear
liquid
Feb. 27 - Mar. 2, 20112011 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop
Denver, Colorado
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Test Summary of DGL Foamers
* 400ppm foamer active
** Brine 3.85% NaCl, 0.55% CaCl2.2H2O¶ Condensate sample from the well
Foamer
Gunking
test
115ºC/240º
F
Winterization -
30ºC
DFT % unloading by w.t *
Tap
waterBrine **
Brine with
20%
condensate ¶
EC7018A Pass Pass 70.0 69.3 45.9
DGL
foamer 1 Fail Fail 73.8 77.0 2.9
DGL
foamer 2 Fail Pass 62.9 78.9 26.8
Taking the Technology to the Field
Feb. 27 - Mar. 2, 20112011 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop
Denver, Colorado
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Dry-gas-lift Well Diagram
Gas
Feb. 27 - Mar. 2, 20112011 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop
Denver, Colorado
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0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
5/2
/2009
5/2
7/2
009
6/2
1/2
009
7/1
6/2
009
8/1
0/2
009
9/4
/2009
9/2
9/2
009
10/
24/2
009
11/
18/2
009
12/
13/2
009
1/7
/2010
2/1
/2010
2/2
6/2
010
3/2
3/2
010
4/1
7/2
010
5/1
2/2
010
Ne
t G
as
Pro
du
cti
on
(M
SC
F/d
ay
)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500W
ate
r P
rod
ucti
on
(B
arr
el/d
ay)
Field Performance
Used conventional
foamers
Started EC7018A injection
Trialed conventional foamer
Switched back
to EC7018A
Water slugsStabilized water production
Feb. 27 - Mar. 2, 20112011 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop
Denver, Colorado18
Feb. 27 - Mar. 2, 20112011 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop
Denver, Colorado
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How about Topside?
Feb. 27 - Mar. 2, 2011 2011 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop
Denver, Colorado
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Field Performance — Fluid Separation on the Surface
Feb. 27 - Mar. 2, 20112011 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop
Denver, Colorado
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Field Performance — Water Quality
Right after pulling off flow line 2 minutes after sampling
Field Performance — Water Quality
• Foam collapsed quickly and left
good quality water behind
• Clear water to be re-injected via
disposal well
• No top side upset due to the use of
Sci-Foam EC7018A
Feb. 27 - Mar. 2, 20112011 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop
Denver, Colorado
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Feb. 27 - Mar. 2, 20112011 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop
Denver, Colorado
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Conventional Well: Three-Month TrendStart Soap
InjectionRate 14.1 x
103 m3/d
With Soap Performance
Continuous production for 7 weeks at high rate.
Estimated up-lift: 5 x 103 m3/d
On-time increased from 50 to 100%
Forward Plan
Reduce soap injection
rate
Declining Casing
Pressure
Conclusions• Utilized DOE* and studied the synergy of surfactant
mixtures
• Designed test methods to develop DGL foamer EC7018A in the lab
• Validated the efficiency of EC7018A by successful field trail and continuous injection
• Use of EC7018A boosted gas production without upsetting the gas mandrel and the topside separation
• Sci-Foam, when used in a conventional gas well, maximized the gas production as well
24
* Duy Nguyen, Fenfen Huang, “Strategies for Optimizing Foamer Combination Products: A Statistical Design Approach”, 4th European Conference on Gas Well Deliquification, The Netherlands, September 2009
Acknowledgements
Rich Ferrin
Thomas Weathers
Nalco
Feb. 27 - Mar. 2, 20112011 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop
Denver, Colorado
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Sci-Foam, Nalco and the logo are trademarks of Nalco Company.All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
Questions or comments?
Feb. 27 - Mar. 2, 20112011 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop
Denver, Colorado
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Feb. 27 - Mar. 2, 2011 2011 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop
Denver, Colorado
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Copyright
Rights to this presentation are owned by the company(ies) and/or author(s) listed on the title page. By submitting this presentation to the Gas Well Deliquification Workshop, they grant to the Workshop, the Artificial Lift Research and Development Council (ALRDC), and the Southwestern Petroleum Short Course (SWPSC), rights to:
– Display the presentation at the Workshop.
– Place it on the www.alrdc.com web site, with access to the site to be as directed by the Workshop Steering Committee.
– Place it on a CD for distribution and/or sale as directed by the Workshop Steering Committee.
Other use of this presentation is prohibited without the expressed written permission of the author(s). The owner company(ies) and/or author(s) may publish this material in other journals or magazines if they refer to the Gas Well Deliquification Workshop where it was first presented.
Feb. 27 - Mar. 2, 2011 2011 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop
Denver, Colorado
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Disclaimer
The following disclaimer shall be included as the last page of a Technical Presentation or Continuing Education Course. A similar disclaimer is included on the front page of the Gas Well Deliquification Web Site.
The Artificial Lift Research and Development Council and its officers and trustees, and the Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Steering Committee members, and their supporting organizations and companies (here-in-after referred to as the Sponsoring Organizations), and the author(s) of this Technical Presentation or Continuing Education Training Course and their company(ies), provide this presentation and/or training material at the Gas Well Deliquification Workshop "as is" without any warranty of any kind, express or implied, as to the accuracy of the information or the products or services referred to by any presenter (in so far as such warranties may be excluded under any relevant law) and these members and their companies will not be liable for unlawful actions and any losses or damage that may result from use of any presentation as a consequence of any inaccuracies in, or any omission from, the information which therein may be contained.
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