USE AND DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES TO PROMOTE

LEARNING, TEACHING AND RESEARCH IN AFRICAN UNIVERSITIES.

PAPER PRESENTED

BY

PROF. G. O. AJAYI

AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT FORUM ‘9924-28 OCTOBER 1999

ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR AFRICAADDIS ABABA

USE AND DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES TO PROMOTE

LEARNING, TEACHING AND RESEARCH IN AFRICAN UNIVERSITIES.

DEVELOPMENT OF ICT IN AFRICAN UNIVERSITIES

AFRICAN UNIVERSITIES TO RESPOND TO THE CHALLENGES OF ICT DEVELOPMENT.

CAPACITY BUILDING NECESSARY TO COPE WITH THE REVOLUTIONARY CHANGES TAKING PLACE IN ICT.

RESPONSIBILITY OF TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS TO ACQUIRE ICT SKILLS IN ORDER TO ENSURE SUSTAINABILITY OF ICT.

TRANSFER OF ICT SKILLS FROM THE UNIVERSITY TO INDUSTRY

PARTNERSHIP WITH THE PRIVATE SECTOR NECESSARY TO BUILD UP NECESSARY ICT SKILLS.

DEGREE OF ICT DIFFUSION INTO THE AFRICAN UNIVERSITIES STARTED TO IMPROVE RECENTLY. THERE IS STILL THE NEED FOR ACCELERATED DIFFUSION.

CURRICULUM MODIFICATION AND DEVELOPMENT TO TAKE CARE OF ICT DEVELOPMENT.

POSTGRADUATE DIPLOMA, M.Sc., PH.D. IN ICT

TRAINING WORKSHOPS

PARTNERSHIP WITH PRIVATE SECTOR FOR DEVELOPMENT OF ICT SKILLS IN THE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTORS.

CONTENT DEVELOPMENT SOFTWARE ENGINEERING.DATA BANK DEVELOPMENT

INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT.NETWORKINGTRANSMISSION SYSTEMSOTHERS

USES OF ICT IN AFRICAN UNIVERSITIES

1. PRESENT SITUATION

INADEQUATE MODERN LIBRARY BOOKS.

INADEQUATE MODERN JOURNALS.

BOOK LIBRARY IS A GLOBAL WEBSITE IN HARD COPY WITH LIMITED CAPACITY.

COMPUTER CONNECTED TO THE INTERNET IS A VERITABLE INTERFACE BETWEEN THE USER AND THE GLOBAL OCEAN OF INFORMATION.

WEB HAS PROVIDED A RICH AND NEW LEARNING ENVIRONMENT.

FREE LECTURES AND OTHER RELEVANT TEACHING AND RESEARCH MATERIALS..

2. TELE-EDUCATION AND TELE-LEARNING

OPTIMAL USE OF HUMAN AND MATERIAL RESOURCES.

COLLABORATION AT LOCAL, NATIONAL, REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL LEVELS.

3. TEACHINGUSE BY LECTURERS TO UPDATE LECTURES.

USE BY STUDENTS TO COMPLEMENT LECTURER’S LECTURES.

COLLABORATION BETWEEN UNIVERSITIES IN THE COUNTRY, AFRICA AND GLOBALLY.

CD-ROMS FOR RESOURCE SHARING.

4. RESEARCH

DISTANCE COLLABORATION.

ACCESS TO ELECTRONIC JOURNALS, ABSTRACTS, ETC.

ACCESS TO ELECTRONIC BOOKS (COST REDUCTION).

GLOBAL ACCESSIBILITY TO RESEARCH RESULTS OF AFRICAN RESEARCHERS.

VIRTUAL LABORATORY TECHNIQUE FOR HUMAN AND MATERIAL RESOURCE SHARING.

USE FOR TRAINING ACADEMIC AT PRE- AND POST DOCTORAL LEVELS FOR OVERALL IMPROVEMENT OF STANDARDS.

USE FOR NORMAL RESEARCH WORK.

OVER 2000 NIGERIAN SPECIALISTS DOCTORS IN THE USA ALONE.

LARGE NUMBER OF AFRICAN EXPERTS IN THE NORTH.

ICT TO TAP PART OF THE HUMAN RESOURCES.•TELE-CONSULTATION•DISTANCE COLLABORATION

5. BRAIN-DRAIN TO BRAIN-GAIN

CASE STUDY OF THE ICTP/OAU ACADEMIC COMPUTER NETWORKING PROGRAMME

FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES.

ICTP - INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR THEORETICAL PHYSICS, TRIESTE, ITALY.

OAU - OBAFEMI AWOLOWO UNIVERSITY, ILE-IFE, NIGERIA.

PRIORITY FOR CAPACITY BUILDING

TRAIN ING OF TRAINERS.

JOINT INSTALLATION OF INITIAL 3 SUBSETS.

CAPACITY BUILDING WORKSHOPS AT THE ICTP AND NIGERIA FOR TRAINERS FROM UNIVERSITIES IN NIGERIA (OVER 40).

NETWORK EXPANSION AND INSTALLATION TO 8 SUBSETS BY OAU STAFF.

EXTERNAL TRAINING WORKSHOPS REGULARLY FOR ISPs, PRIVATE SECTOR (OIL, BANK, ETC.), PUBLIC (ACADEMIC, RESEARCH AND GOVERNMENT DEPTS), ETC.

APPROACH ENSURES SUSTAINABILITY OF THE NETWORK AND TECHNOLOGY. VSAT CONNECTION.

VSAT PLAN FOR OVER 100 INSTITUTIONS IN NIGERIA USING VSAT SATELLITE TECHNOLOGY.

IT - A University Priority Aim to provide

adequate telecommunication and information exchange infrastructure.

For use by The University University Science Park “sister institutions”

IT needed for Survival

ICTP TRAINING AND SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT ON NETWORKING & RADIO COMMUNICATIONS

REMOVE ISOLATION OF SCIENTISTS ONN RETURN TO HOME COUNTRY.

ESTABLISH SMALL AREA COMPUTER NETWORKS AND THEIR CONNECTION TO THE INTERNET-DIRECTLY OR THROUGH NATIONAL NETWORKS

PRIORITIES ENVISAGED ARE provision Of E-Mail capacity building for technical personnel training of users in the academic or scientific institution involved.

1/20/98 AJAYI 1998

Collaboration with ICTP development of wireless radio network Packet Radio connectivity for Rural Health

centres Spread Spectrum HF links for Rural Areas

Multimedia conferencing at low bandwidths

OAUNET as a TEST BED

Virtual Laboratory - Case Study

Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria Started in April 1996 by the ICTP and O.A.U

Three Sub-nets - Technology, Sciences and Computer Science

Spread Spectrum Wireless radio link Linux and TCP/IP

Growth Rate About 600 by Early 1998 Over 800 now, limited by number of available

computers

MainHUB

sc tech cs

usb chs agric

NC

FirstGeneration

SecondGeneration

ThirdGeneration

Keysc - sciencestech - Technologycs - Computer Scienceusb - Secretariatchs - Health ScienceAgric- AgricultureNC - NACTEMOA - OAU Teaching hospital

OAPlanned

WaveLan2Mbps

VSAT Earth Station

64 Kbps

Dial upMODEM33 Kbps

Packet and HF radio links to rural Health establishments in the area

OAUNET - Main Network Diagram

Main HUB or network

List location or contact for specification (or other related documents) here

FirewallProxy

Mail Server

ModemServer

Backup Server

InterSubnetRouter

WLAN Antenna

WEB Server

Terminal Equipment

CISCOrouter

10 base 2 Ethernet Backbone

Pentium II PCs

TRAINING REQUIRED FOR VIRTUAL LABORATORY

Training for network provision Training in Virtual Laboratory technology Training of scientists on the use of the virtual

laboratory facilities.

Capacity Building On going collaboration with the ICTP over the

last 2 years

Planned VSAT link for 41 Universities Probably will be the largest Academic

Network in Africa.

NUNet

Virtual Laboratory - Definition

Research collaboration carried out over a distance

Remote Computing Data and application sharing

Virtual Laboratory may provide

Staff training in African Universities and Research centres.

Improved level of University education in Africa.

Reduce Brain Drain

VIRTUAL LABORATORIES FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES.

Based on improving information networks Providing collaboratory research at

the national level or south - south or south - north. Pre and Post Doctoral Research work Participation in some major international scientific

research projects Accessibility to sophisticated equipment in the north Accessibility to relevant electronic publications

CENTRAL LABORATORY Central Laboratory with

Analytical Section UV Spectrometer, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer,

UV Scanning Spectrophotometer, High Performance Binary Gradient System, Gas Chromatograph System with keyboard

Photomicroscopy section with an Electron Microscope, a Scanning Electron

Microscope and Compound Light UV and Fluorescence Research Microscopes

General equipment section with ovens, centrifuges, ultra centrifuges, ice making

machines, freeze dryers, etc.

Centre for Energy Research and Development (CERD) 9MV FN Tandem Accelerator

CENTRAL LABORATORY

To be Used by Local relevant departments and researchers Other Universities and institutions.

Ability to also access real Laboratory equipment From Remote Terminals Located in

Other Laboratories in Nigeria Outside Nigeria

INTERNET and Network connectivity through the OAUNET

EXAMPLE - Ph. D. Programme at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka.

Ph.D. programme in Mathematics started as a collaboration with the ICTP

Only for past students of the ICTP Diploma programme in Mathematics.

AIMS to reduce migration to the north Provide cost effective and high level Ph.D. training Slow down Brain Drain

To be based on Satellite Technology

EXAMPLE - OAU Participation in the Climatological Conference taking place at the ICTP in June 1999

Almost real time participation of scientists in some universities in Nigeria Scientists will assemble at OAU, Ile-Ife

Low bandwidth technology WEB, shared white board bi-directional audio

Total bandwidth to be used would be below 24 kilobits per second.

SCENARIO University Professor or Academic in a developing country. Has not attended a conference outside his country for 10 years He does not have access to the following.

Good libraryNo fund to purchase new books. No access to modern journals.

Consider Moore’s Law that every 18 months, the speed of technological innovation doubles.CONCLUSION: Any university that is not fully connected to the Internet in the next two years should be closed down, because it will no longer be able to satisfy the objective ofits establishment.

CONCLUSION

Tremendous benefits to developing countries. Improved Pre and Post Doctoral research

training. Improve manpower development in

Universities and research centres. Improve participation in high level state of the

art research work. Make available central research facilities at

virtual laboratories. Reduce Brain Drain