CAPACITOR

BASICS

www.marsm-a.com

®

®

CAPACITOR BASICS

2 www.marsm-a.com

Table Of Contents

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3

What Is A Capacitor? How Does It Work? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3

What Effect Does A Capacitor Have On A Motor? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-5

Types Of Capacitors & Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-7

Application & Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-9

Capacitor Trouble Shooting Flow Chart Explanation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

Capacitor Testing Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

Capacitor Trouble Shooting Flow Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11

Motor Run Capacitors / Product Listing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-13

Motor Start Capacitors / Product Listing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14

®

CAPACITOR BASICS

CAPACITORS

1. INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this brochure is to provide practical information about Motor Startingand Motor Run Capacitors as they apply to the Air Conditioning, Refrigeration and Heating service industry. Abasic understanding of electricity and electric motors is helpful if one is to derive the most benefit from thepresentation.

While this report is primarily written for service technicians, it is also worthwhile reading for wholesaler salespeople so they may knowledgeably assist their customers in selecting a capacitor.

2. WHAT IS A CAPACITOR? HOW DOES IT WORK?: Very simply, a capacitor is a device thatstores and discharges electrons. While you may hear capacitors referred to by a variety of names (condenser,run, start, oil, etc.) all capacitors are comprised of two or more metallic plates separated by an insulatingmaterial called a dielectric.

A very simple capacitor can be made with two platesseparated by a dielectric, in this case air, and connected toa source of DC current, a battery. Electrons will flow awayfrom plate 1 and collect on plate 2, leaving it with anabundance of electrons, or a “charge”. Since current froma battery only flows one way, the capacitor plate will staycharged this way unless something causes current flow.

If we were to short across the plates with a screwdriver,the resulting spark would indicate the electrons “jumping”from plate 2 to plate 1 in an attempt to equalize. As soonas the screwdriver is removed, plate 2 will again collect acharge.

Now let’s connect our simple capacitor to a source of ACcurrent and in series with the windings of an electric motor.Since AC current alternates, first one plate, then the otherwould be charged and discharged in turn.

First plate 1 is charged, then as the current reverses, arush of electrons flow from plate 1 to plate 2 through themotor windings. When the current reverses again theelectrons will rush back to plate 1.

Note that electrons do not pass through the capacitor butrather travel back and forth, from one plate to the other,through the motor windings. This rush of electrons, firstone way then the other, has a desirable effect whenapplied to certain motors.

BATTERY

PLATE 2PLATE 1

+ –

��

®

3www.marsm-a.com

MOTOR

AC SOURCE

PLATE 1 PLATE 2

PLATE 1 PLATE 2

PLATE 1 PLATE 2

+ BATTERY –

®

®

CAPACITOR BASICS

4 www.marsm-a.com

3. WHAT EFFECT DOES A CAPACITOR HAVE ON A MOTOR?:

Simple Split Phase Motor: Common split phase motors have two sets ofwindings, start and run. Start windings are used toovercome inertia and allow the motor to start underload. Start windings are wound with smaller wire andmany more turns than run windings. This greaterresistance, as compared to the run winding, causesthe current in the run winding to lag behind that of thestart. The effect is much the same as two phasecurrent. The motor can start and when up to about 3/4speed, the start switch opens and causes the startwinding to drop out of the circuit.

It is the “out-of-phase” condition between the start andrun windings that produce the torque needed to startthe motor under load.

Capacitor Start Motor:A start capacitor is added in series with the startwinding. The effect is to throw the current in the startwinding even further “out-of-phase” than can beaccomplished by the resistance of the start windingalone.

The result is even greater starting torque. Typically, anincrease is from 300% to 500%. It also decreases thestarting current and increases the voltage on the startwinding from the circuit.

As with a simple split phase motor, when speedincreases to about 3/4 of full speed, the starting switchwill open and remove the start capacitor and startwinding from the circuit.

NOTE: Since start windings are made of small sizewire and produce high resistance, they would quicklyburn out if left in the circuit beyond the time it takes tobring the motor to 3/4 speed. Start windings can fail fora variety of reasons which will be covered later.

START SW.

RUN WINDINGS

ST. WIND.

LINE

ST. SW.

RUN WINDINGS

ST. WIND.

LINE

ST. CAP.

Simple Split Phase Motor

Capacitor Start Motor

®

CAPACITOR BASICS

®

5www.marsm-a.com

ST. SW.

RUN WINDINGS

ST. WIND.

LINE

ST. CAP.

RUN CAP.

RUN WIND.

ST. WIND.

LINE

RUN CAP.

Capacitor Start - CapacitorRun Motors

PSC Motor

Capacitor Start - Capacitor Run Motors:In addition to the start capacitor, a run capacitor is now added inseries with the start winding and parallel to the start capacitor.While the start capacitor “drops out” when the motor reaches 3/4speed, the run capacitor stays in the circuit at all times with thestart winding. Its purpose is to improve the power factor of themotor during running and reduce current consumption. Althoughits purpose is not to aid in starting the motor, we shall see laterthat it does have a small positive effect when starting.

Run capacitors have far lower capacitance and much differentconstruction and appearance than start capacitors.

Permanent Split Capacitor (PSC) Motors:This type motor is a split phase motor with the addition of a runcapacitor in series with the start winding. No starting switch isused, so the capacitor and start winding are in the circuit at alltimes. The motor is so constructed to allow for this withoutburning the start winding. A PSC motor has low starting torquebut is very efficient in operation and generally costs less that acapacitor start-capacitor run motor.

To increase starting torque, most PSC motors can be fitted witha so called “hard start kit” comprising of a potential relay andstart capacitor. Recently, the development of positivetemperature co-efficient resistors (PTCR) has allowed solid statetechnology to be used to increase starting torque in PSC motorsin place of the traditional hard start kit. More on this will becovered under “Application” section.

WHAT EFFECT DOES A CAPACITOR HAVE ON A MOTOR?:(CONTINUED)

4. TYPES OF CAPACITORS & CONSTRUCTION:A capacitor, as mentioned previously, is comprised of two metallic plates separated by some insulatingmaterial commonly called a dielectric. The ability of a capacitor to store electrons is known as its capacitanceand is rated in microfarads, abbreviated mfd. A microfarad is one millionth of a farad.

The capacitance is dependent on the area of the plates, the distance between plates, and the stability of theinsulation. Of these, the area of the plates, is most important in determining capacitance. All else remainingconstant, an increase in plate area will yield an increase in capacitance.

Since we have already seen that capacitors are used for different purpose, i.e.: motor start or motor run, thereare different methods of construction used to produce capacitors. They are usually referred to by either type ofdielectric employed or by the function they perform.

®

®

CAPACITOR BASICS

6 www.marsm-a.com

Motor Start (Electrolytic) Capacitors:Start capacitors are comprised of compactly wound aluminum foil separated by layers of paper, all of which isimpregnated by a conducting electrolytic which creates the effect of two plates and a dielectric. The capacitor ishoused in a sealed phenolic container.

Start capacitors are designed for intermittent duty only,typically for no more than 20 starts per hour, with eachstarting period not to exceed three seconds. Longer startingperiods or more frequent starts will lead to excessive heat risewithin the capacitor and cause premature failure.

Start capacitors are rated in microfarads and voltage. Ratingstypically run from 100 VAC to 300 VAC and from 21 thru 1200mfd. Proper selection of start capacitors is important and willbe covered under “Application”.

Motor Run Capacitors:Unlike the plastic housing of the start capacitor, the run capacitor is typically enclosed in a drawn, seamless metalcan. While early run capacitors were round, today most are oval in cross section. This is because one day aGeneral Electric engineer realized that if the roll of the capacitor was compressed, it could fit into an oval can andsave space. Years ago, this type of construction was known as a “Gregg Oval” in honor of the inventor.

A run capacitor, unlike a start, is designed for continuous duty. It is in the circuit whenever the motor is running.They typically have much lower mfd ratings that start capacitors; usually from 2 to 60 mfd. The common voltageratings are 370 and 440 VAC.

The purpose of the oil (or other fluid today) is to increase the dielectric strength of the paper or polypropylene andto act as a heat sink. Remember, run capacitors are continuous duty devices and the large quantity of fluid helpsdissipate the heat before it can adversely affect the capacitor. Oil has a tendency to lose dielectric strength astemperature increases.

About 35 years ago, oil was replaced with a chemical substance containing Polychlorinated biphenyl or PCB.PCB is a wonderful dielectric and heat sink, however, it is injurious to the environment and has been banned bythe EPA. This led to the search for another dielectric and several have been developed that exhibit all thedesirable characteristics of PCB’s while being environmentally safe.

The only drawback to these new compounds is that they are flammable. If the heat increased too much, theresulting pressure rise could burst the capacitor and start a fire. Therefore, all non-PCB capacitors incorporate aphysical interrupter to prevent excessive pressure rise.

As the pressure within the capacitor increases, the top of thecan “pops” upward, breaking the connection between theterminals and the plates.

Motor run capacitor construction has evolved over the past twenty years from a traditional use of paper,foil, and a PCB-based impregnating oil, to two basic modern types.

����

FOILPAPER

ELECTROLYTE

4. TYPES OF CAPACITORS & CONSTRUCTION: (CONTINUED)

NORMAL FAIL SAFE MODE

PHYSICAL INTERRUPTER

®

CAPACITOR BASICS

®

7www.marsm-a.com

Impregnated Metallized Capacitors:The newest technology in capacitor design is metallized film capacitors. In operation and application, they

serve the same purpose as conventional run capacitors, but theirconstruction is very different.

Rather than using sheets of foil separated by several layers of paperto create the plates and insulation, metallized capacitors use sheets ofpolypropylene film onto which is “sprayed”, or metallized, a thin layerof metal. Two metallized films are then wound together very tightly toform the capacitor.

The resulting roll is very hard and cannot be squeezed into atraditional oval shape.

Therefore, many metallized film capacitors are round. They are, however, much smaller than conventional runcapacitors. A 35 mfd, 440 volt metallized capacitor is 50% smaller than an oil paper capacitor. It also weighs60% less because there is much less liquid in a metallized capacitor. Many oval shaped run capacitors arenow metallized film. The “roll” is small enough to fit into the oval can previously used for film/paperconstruction. Retaining the oval shape is important for the replacement market.We learned previously that run capacitors are filled with a liquid that serves to strengthen the dielectriccharacteristics of the paper and also to dissipate heat. In a metallized capacitor, the liquid is only used as aheat sink. The polypropylene film is an excellent dielectric and requires no assistance. In fact, the capacitor“roll” is wound so tightly that the liquid never penetrates between layers.The core of a metallized capacitor is surrounded by many layers of plain polypropylene film. This providesexcellent insulation between the plates and the metal case and, therefore, no marking is necessary to indicatethe neutral terminal.Finally, metallized capacitors “self heal”. The most common cause of capacitor failure is a breakdown of theinsulation between plates which leads to a short. If a hole occurs in the metallized film, an arc will jumpbetween the plates. The heat from this arc will vaporize the metal surrounding the hole and self extinguish,thus preventing the short.Metallized capacitors, because of their smaller size, weight, and longer life expectancy are rapidly gainingfavor with equipment manufacturers. In the near future, they will most certainly replace conventional oil-paperrun capacitors on new equipment.Dry-Type:Dry-Type capacitors are similar in construction to oil-filled, but do not use an oil impregnant. Theadvantages of dry-type construction are a saving in size, and weight. The possible disadvantages area lower tolerance to high current failure conditions. Dry-type capacitors are finding their way into moreapplications as engineers resolve difficulties encountered in field and life testing situations.Dual and Triple Section Capacitors:Multi-section capacitors are nothing more than two or three separate capacitor in a common enclosure withone common terminal. They are marked with the voltage rating and the mfd for each section.

Example: 20/4 mfd 370 volt

5. APPLICATION AND REPLACEMENT:When replacing a capacitor, it is best to install one of the correct voltage and microfarad rating for theparticular motor. Generally, however, a difference of 10% in mfd will not adversely affect the motor.

A problem arises when the proper capacitor is not readily available. While most technicians carry anassortment of popular sizes with them, there is such a wide variety available that he may not always have theproper one at hand. In this case, the correct rating can be achieved by connecting two or more capacitors inparallel or series.

POLYPROPYLENE FILM

METALLIZED SURFACE

4. TYPES OF CAPACITORS & CONSTRUCTION: (CONTINUED)

METALLIZED SURFACE

POLYPROPYLENE FILM

®

®

CAPACITOR BASICS

8

Parallel Connection:When capacitors are connected in parallel, the mfd rating will be the sum of the individual ratings. This can beexpressed in the equation CT = C1 + C2 + C3, etc. The effect of parallel connection is to increase the platearea. The voltage rating of the lowest rated capacitor in the connection becomes the effective voltage of thecombination. If a capacitor rated at 125 volts, 180 mfd is required, two capacitors rated at 125 volts, 90 mfdeach can be wired in parallel.

Generally, a capacitor of the same mfd rating but a higher voltagerating can be used as a replacement.

Example: 88-108 mfd 125V - replace with 88-108 mfd 330 volt.

Doing this will generally result in added cost and increased size. A capacitor of correct voltage and MFD ratingshould be installed at the earliest opportunity.

From this, we can see why the run capacitor of a capacitor start/capacitor run motor slightly aids the motor instarting. Since they are connected in parallel, the total capacitance on start up is the sum of both the start andrun capacitor. Series Connection:When capacitors are connected in series, the total capacitance is always less than that of the smallestcapacitor. The effect of connecting capacitors in series is an increase in dielectric thickness thereby reducingcapacitance. The formula for determining total capacitance in series connection is:

CT =

Example: Two 250 mfd capacitors connected in series.

CT = = 125 mfd

The capacitance of two equal capacitors connected in series is one half the value of one capacitor.

The effective voltage when two capacitors are connected in series is the sum of the individual voltage ratings.Therefore, two 250 mfd, 125 volt capacitors in series equals one 125 mfd, 250 volt capacitor. VT = V1 + V2.

When connecting capacitors in series, it is best to use two capacitors of equal mfd rating. If capacitors withunequal mfd ratings are connected in series, the voltage will divide across them in inverse proportion to themfd rating.

Choosing Ratings:Always select a start capacitor with a mfd rating no more than 10% ± of the one called for. When replacing arun capacitor, never select a lower rating than the one called for. You may exceed the specified mfd asfollows:

Specified mfd Do not add more than10-20 mfd + 2.5 mfd20-50 mfd + 5 mfd

50 and up mfd + 10 mfd

C1 x C3C1 + C3

250 x 250250 + 250

5. APPLICATION AND REPLACEMENT: (CONTINUED)

When the rating is unknown, it is necessary to consult the manufacturer of the motor for the correctreplacement. Capacitors are matched to the internal construction of each motor and, therefore, no standardrule can be applied.

Voltage ratings for start capacitors should match the voltage of the motor, although a higher voltage rating willhave no effect, providing the mfd rating is correct. Never use a lower voltage rating as the capacitor will fail.

Run capacitors must have a voltage rating higher than the motor. Since run capacitors are in the circuit at alltimes and connected across both start and run windings, they are subject to line voltage plus the voltagesinduced by the windings. A 220 volt motor may require a 370 or 440 volt run capacitor. When in doubt, alwaysuse the next highest voltage rating.

If the inlet or the discharge of a blower housing using a direct drive blower motor is obstructed, the motor willturn at higher RPM. When this occurs, the induced voltage across the windings will increase. A properly ratedcapacitor that fails due to high voltage could be an indication of improper air flow due to obstruction. In thisinstance, the capacitor is acting as a performance fuse. If a higher voltage rated capacitor must be used, doso only as a temporary measure.

Adding Capacitor Hard Start Kits:Most PSC motors and compressors can be fitted in the field with a potential relay and start capacitor,generally called a hard start kit. This allows the motor to start under a greater load than would normally bepossible. It is necessary to consult the manufacturer of a reliable cross reference to select the proper relayand capacitor.

Recently, the development of PTCR’s have replaced the hard start kit on certain applications. The PTCR solidstate start assist is connected in parallel with the run capacitor of the PSC motor and creates the additional“out-of-phase” effect formerly provided by the relay and capacitor set up. While less expensive and easier toinstall, the PTCR does not produce as much effect as the traditional hard start kit and so its use has generallybeen limited to smaller motors.

Potential Relay/Start CapacitorConnected as Hard Start Kit

NOTE: A problem may arise when a motor is equipped with a start capacitor and potential relay. The contactsof a potential relay are normally closed and open to drop the start capacitor from the circuit when the motorreaches about 3/4 rated speed. When the contacts open, the capacitor can be left in a charged condition andthe charge will bleed off internally in several minutes while the motor runs. However, if for some reason, poweris interrupted soon after starting, the capacitor will not have time to equalize. The relay contacts will closeimmediately and the full surge of the capacitor will be discharged across the contacts. Repeated instances likethis will cause the relay contacts to pit and burn and lead to the premature failure of the relay.The remedy is to install a bleed resistor across the capacitor terminals. This resistor, usually 15,000 to 18,000OHMS, de-energizes the capacitor in seconds after the contacts open.

®

CAPACITOR BASICS

®

9www.marsm-a.com

LINE

PSC MOTOR

RUN CAPACITOR

START CAPACITOR

COIL

POTENTIAL RELAY

5

4

2

1

C

R

S

5. APPLICATION AND REPLACEMENT: (CONTINUED)

®

®

CAPACITOR BASICS

10 www.marsm-a.com

6. USE THE CHART ON PAGE 11 TO TROUBLE SHOOT CAPACITORS:When a defective start capacitor is found, always check for the cause of failure. It could be that the failure wasnormal, due to age. The replacement capacitor can then be expected to restore the motor to satisfactoryoperation with no further problems.

Another cause of start capacitor failure may be a defective starting switch or relay holding the capacitor in thecircuit too long. Start capacitors are designed for intermittent duty only and excessively long start periods canlead to premature failure. Also, the unit may be cycling too frequently. The general standard is for no morethan 20 starts per hour or the capacitor will deteriorate.

Either of these last two conditions will cause the replacement capacitor to also fail in a short time. Always lookfor the cause of capacitor failure to avoid call backs.

Trouble Shooting Run Capacitors:A shorted run capacitor has the effect of keeping the start winding in the circuit at all times. The motor typicallydraws high amperage, runs hot and may cycle on overload. It will run at about 3/4 speed. To check,disconnect one side of the capacitor while the motor is running, taking care to avoid electrical shock. If thespeed increases and the motor appears to run as normal, the capacitor is shorted and must be replaced.

With a multiple capacitor hook-up, testing for shorted capacitor is the same for parallel or series connection. Inparallel, if one shorts, the total capacitance of the system is decreased and the motor will start slowly. Inseries, if one shorts, the capacitance increases but the voltage capability of the circuit decreases and, as aresult, the remaining capacitor soon fails.

An alternate test for a shorted run capacitor is with an OHM meter. A shorted capacitor will register zeroresistance.

An open run capacitor may have little apparent effect on the motor, which will appear to run near normalperformance. To test, disconnect one side of the capacitor and start the motor. Take a reading of the currentdrawn with an ammeter. Now connect the capacitor. If the capacitor is good, the amps should drop. If there isno change in amperage, the capacitor is defective and must be replaced.

CAUTION:When working with capacitors, always remember that they store an electrical charge. To preventelectrical shock, never assume that a capacitor is discharged until you have manually discharged it. This canbe done by touching both terminals with the blade of a screwdriver having an insulated handle. This suddensurge of electrons can, however, sometimes in itself damage the capacitor. A better way is to have a bleedresistor connected to insulated leads and use this to jump the terminals. Use a 15,000 OHM resistor for startsand a 220,000 OHM resistor for runs.

7. CAPACITOR TESTING EQUIPMENT: There are a number of devices available for testing and evaluating capacitors. Some are relativelyinexpensive and indicate only whether the capacitor is open, shorted, or good.

More expensive units can be purchased which will tell you the mfd rating of a good capacitor if thatinformation is not on the unit. Your local parts wholesaler sells these devices and a technician who servicesequipment with capacitors should consult with him to determine which test device best serves his needs.

8. CONCLUSION:

Capacitors are devices for storing electrons. They are used to increase the starting torque and power factor ofelectric motors. Replacements must be made with care to insure the correct type and rating (mfd and voltage)for each application. Two or more can be connected in parallel or series to arrive at different ratings. Troubleshooting should be done in a logical sequence to insure the proper identification of the defective part.

®

CAPACITOR BASICS

®

11

DETERMINE TYPE OF STARTING PROBLEM

Motor willnot start

Probable causes

Defectivestartingrelay

Open StartWindings

Open StartCapacitor

Check for physical damage:1. Broken or deformed caseor terminal board.

2. Leaking - If damage is evident. Replace and test the motor.

SingleCapacitor

Place jumper acrosscapacitor terminals. Ifthe motor startsslowly, cap is

defective and mustbe replaced.

ShortedCapacitor

Substitute cap withone of equal value.1. If motor startsnormally, cap isbad and must bereplaced.

2. If motor doesnot respond,cap is good andproblem iselsewhere.

Motor startsslowly

Start relaydropping outtoo soon

MultipleCapacitor

ParallelConnections

Both mustbe open formotor not tostart.

Jumper orsubstitutecaps. Ifmotor

responds,replacecapacitors.

Disconnect one side of eachcapacitor and that capacitoris discharged to preventdamage to meter andprevent electrical shock.With an OHM meter, testacross terminals for

continuity. A shorted cap willshow zero resistance andmust be replaced. A goodcap will show a momentarydeflection of the needle. Theneedle will move quickly tothe right then slowly back to

the left.

Probable causes

SeriesConnections

If one isopen,

motor willnot start.Jumperor

substituteand

replace ifmotor

responds.

Check for physical damage:1. Deformed caseor terminal board.

2. Leaking - Replace ifdamage is evident.

SingleCapacitor

Substitute cap ofequal value. If motorresponds, cap is bad

and must bereplaced.

MultipleCapacitor*

Capacitor Trouble - ShootingFlow Chart

www.marsm-a.com

12

MARS No. Microfarad12165 10/512270 15/412271 15/512177 15/1012180 20/512083 20/1512184 25/512182 25/7.512183 25/1012186 25/1512181 30/412187 30/512038 30/7.512035 30/1012085 35/312179 35/412185 35/512188 35/7.512176 35/8.512272 35/1012080 40/312086 40/512189 40/7.512273 40/1012190 45/512274 45/7.512108 50/512013 50/7.512275 55/512276 55/1012109 60/512110 60/7.512101 65/1012297 80/512298 80/7.5

440 Volt Oval

Blue Box RUN CAPACITORS

MARS No. Microfarad12002 212003 312004 412005 512006 612007 7.512008 1012009 12.512010 1512012 17.512014 2012015 2512017 3012018 3512021 4012023 4512025 5012024 5512087 6012011 6512089 7012090 80

SINGLE SECTION

370 Volt OvalMARS No. Microfarad

12092 212093 312094 412095 512096 612097 7.512098 1012099 12.512210 1512211 1612212 17.512214 2012215 2512217 3012218 3512221 4012223 4512225 5012226 5512227 6012128 6512229 7012199 8012116 100

370 Volt RoundMARS No. Microfarad

12102 212103 312104 412105 512106 612107 7.512232 1012233 12.512234 1512236 17.512237 2012240 2512241 3012243 3512245 4012248 4512251 5012252 5512254 6012258 7012259 8012068 90

440 Volt RoundMARS No. Microfarad

12026 212019 2.512027 312028 412029 512030 612031 7.512032 1012033 12.512034 1512036 17.512037 2012040 2512041 3012043 3512045 4012048 4512049 5012050 5512051 6012052 6512130 7012135 7512140 80

440 Volt Oval

DUAL SECTION

MARS No. Microfarad12141 15/312056 15/412057 15/512058 15/1012059 17.5/412060 17.5/512061 20/312062 20/412063 20/512064 20/1012164 20/1512142 25/312065 25/412066 25/512143 25/7.512131 25/812167 25/1012133 25/1512144 30/312145 30/412069 30/512146 30/7.512147 30/1012148 35/312071 35/412072 35/512149 35/7.512150 35/1012151 40/312158 40/412171 40/512152 40/7.512134 40/1012173 45/312174 45/512153 45/7.512136 45/1012137 45/1512138 50/512154 55/512155 55/7.512139 60/512156 60/7.512157 60/1012159 65/512163 80/512123 80/7.5

370 Volt Oval

MARS No. Microfarad12121 15/312122 15/412203 15/512204 15/1012205 17.5/412206 17.5/512207 20/412260 20/512016 20/7.512208 20/1012209 20/1512242 25/312175 25/412261 25/512262 25/7.512213 25/1012244 30/312263 30/412264 30/512224 30/7.512228 30/1012039 30/1512082 35/312231 35/412266 35/512235 35/7.512238 35/1012074 40/312267 40/412178 40/512268 40/7.512246 40/1012073 45/312247 45/412269 45/512249 45/7.512250 45/1012075 50/312191 50/512192 50/7.512239 50/1012193 55/512194 55/7.512067 55/1012076 60/312195 60/512196 60/7.512265 60/1012042 65/512053 70/512054 70/7.512055 70/1012044 75/512046 75/7.512084 75/1012197 80/512198 80/7.512201 80/1012202 80/12.512129 85/512230 85/7.512222 85/10

MARS No. Microfarad12111 10/512118 15/512356 15/1012350 17.5/512115 20/512354 20/7.512351 20/1012112 20/1512353 25/312355 25/412278 25/512279 25/7.512113 25/1012114 25/1512126 30/312120 30/412281 30/512282 30/7.512352 30/1012077 35/312070 35/412283 35/512119 35/612284 35/7.512091 35/1012078 40/312285 40/412286 40/512220 40/612287 40/7.512088 40/1012079 45/312219 45/412288 45/512127 45/612289 45/7.512172 45/1012290 50/512291 50/7.512124 50/1012253 50/12.512292 55/512293 55/7.512299 55/1012160 60/312294 60/512295 60/7.512296 60/1012161 60/12.512162 65/1012255 70/512166 70/7.512169 70/1012168 75/512125 75/7.512047 75/1012257 80/512216 80/7.512117 80/1012022 85/512020 85/7.512001 85/10

370 Volt Round 440 Volt Round

MARS No. Microfarad12765 10/512770 15/412771 15/512777 15/1012880 20/512983 20/1512884 25/512882 25/7.512883 25/1012886 25/1512881 30/412887 30/512982 30/7.512835 30/1012985 35/312879 35/412885 35/512888 35/7.512876 35/8.512772 35/1012877 40/312986 40/512889 40/7.512773 40/1012890 45/512774 45/7.512808 50/512913 50/7.512775 55/512822 55/1012809 60/512776 60/7.512810 65/1012815 80/512898 80/7.5

440 Volt Oval

RUN CAPACITORS

MARS No. Microfarad12902 212903 312904 412905 512906 612907 7.512908 1012909 12.512910 1512912 17.512914 2012915 2512917 3012918 3512921 4012923 4512925 5012924 5512987 6012988 6512989 7012990 80

SINGLE SECTION

370 Volt OvalMARS No. Microfarad

12992 212993 312994 412995 512996 612997 7.512998 1012999 12.512710 1512911 1612712 17.512714 2012715 2512717 3012718 3512721 4012723 4512725 5012726 5512727 6012828 6512729 7012899 8012916 100

370 Volt RoundMARS No. Microfarad

12802 212803 312804 412805 512806 612807 7.512732 1012733 12.512734 1512736 17.512737 2012740 2512741 3012743 3512745 4012748 4512751 5012752 5512754 6012758 7012759 8012868 90

440 Volt RoundMARS No. Microfarad

12926 212919 2.512927 312928 412929 512930 612931 7.512932 1012933 12.512934 1512936 17.512937 2012940 2512941 3012943 3512945 4012948 4512949 5012950 5512951 6012952 6512830 7012831 7512840 80

440 Volt Oval

DUAL SECTION

MARS No. Microfarad12841 15/312956 15/412957 15/512958 15/1012959 17.5/412960 17.5/512961 20/312962 20/412963 20/512864 20/1012964 20/1512842 25/312965 25/412966 25/512843 25/7.512832 25/812867 25/1012833 25/1512844 30/312845 30/412969 30/512846 30/7.512847 30/1012848 35/312971 35/412972 35/512849 35/7.512850 35/1012851 40/312858 40/412871 40/512852 40/7.512834 40/1012874 45/512853 45/7.512836 45/1012837 45/1512838 50/512854 55/512855 55/7.512839 60/512856 60/7.512857 60/1012859 65/512863 80/512817 80/7.5

370 Volt Oval

MARS No. Microfarad12701 15/312702 15/412703 15/512704 15/1012705 17.5/412706 17.5/512707 20/412760 20/512716 20/7.512708 20/1012709 20/1512711 25/312875 25/412761 25/512762 25/7.512713 25/1012720 30/312763 30/412764 30/512724 30/7.512728 30/1012939 30/1512730 35/312731 35/412766 35/512735 35/7.512738 35/1012739 40/312767 40/412878 40/512768 40/7.512746 40/1012747 45/312947 45/412769 45/512749 45/7.512750 45/1012753 50/312755 50/512825 50/7.512757 50/1012893 55/512894 55/7.512967 55/1012976 60/312895 60/512896 60/7.512865 60/1012742 65/512953 70/512954 70/7.512955 70/1012744 75/512946 75/7.512984 75/1012897 80/512819 80/7.512824 80/1012722 80/12.512829 85/512756 85/7.512922 85/10

MARS No. Microfarad12811 10/512818 15/512656 15/1012650 17.5/512780 20/512654 20/7.512651 20/1012812 20/1512653 25/312655 25/412778 25/512779 25/7.512813 25/1012814 25/1512826 30/312820 30/412781 30/512782 30/7.512652 30/1012977 35/312870 35/412783 35/512784 35/7.512797 35/1012978 40/312785 40/412786 40/512920 40/612787 40/7.512798 40/1012979 45/312891 45/412788 45/512827 45/612789 45/7.512872 45/1012790 50/512791 50/7.512892 50/1012719 50/12.512792 55/512793 55/7.512799 55/1012860 60/312794 60/512795 60/7.512796 60/1012861 60/12.512862 65/1012823 70/512866 70/7.512869 70/1012968 75/512901 75/7.512935 75/1012801 80/512816 80/7.512821 80/1012938 85/512942 85/7.512944 85/10

370 Volt Round 440 Volt Round

13

START CAPACITORS

MARS No. Microfarad11075 72-8811076 88-10811077 108-13011031 124-14911032 145-17511033 161-19311034 189-22711078 216-25911035 233-29211036 270-32411079 340-40811080 378-45511037 400-48011081 540-64811082 710-85011083 810-972

SINGLE SECTION

165 Volts AC

MARS No. Microfarad11002 21-2511003 25-3011004 30-3611005 36-4311006 43-5611007 56-7211008 72-8811009 88-10811010 108-13011112 124-15611011 130-15611013 145-17511014 161-19311015 189-22711016 200-24011017 216-25911018 233-29211019 270-32411020 300-36011021 324-38811022 340-40811023 378-44011024 400-48011071 430-51611025 460-55211026 540-64811027 590-70811047 645-77411028 708-85011072 815-97011029 829-99511073 850-102011030 1000-120011074 1290-1548

110/125 Dual Voltage ACMARS No. Microfarad

11038 21-2511039 25-3011040 30-3611041 36-4311042 43-5611043 56-7211084 59-7111137 64-7711044 72-8811045 88-10811046 108-13011148 124-15611049 145-17511050 161-19311051 189-22711052 216-25911053 233-29211054 270-32411085 280-33611086 320-38411087 340-40811088 378-45511089 400-48011090 430-51611091 630-750

220/250 Dual Voltage AC

MARS No. Microfarad11055 21-2511056 25-3011057 30-3611058 36-4311059 43-5611060 56-7211160 64-7711061 72-8811062 88-10811063 108-13011064 130-15611165 124-15611092 135-16211066 145-17511067 161-19311068 189-22711069 216-25911070 270-32411093 300-360

330 Volts AC

DUAL SECTION

MARS No. Microfarad11975 72-8811976 88-10811977 108-13011931 124-14911932 145-17511933 161-19311934 189-22711978 216-25911935 233-29211936 270-32411979 340-40811980 378-45511994 400-48011981 540-64811982 710-85011983 810-972

SINGLE SECTION

165 Volts AC

MARS No. Microfarad11902 21-2511903 25-3011904 30-3611905 36-4311906 43-5611907 56-7211908 72-8811909 88-10811910 108-13011912 124-15611911 130-15611913 145-17511914 161-19311915 189-22711916 200-24011917 216-25911918 233-29211919 270-32411920 300-36011921 324-38811922 340-40811923 378-44011924 400-48011971 430-51611925 460-55211926 540-64811927 590-70811947 645-77411928 708-85011972 815-97011929 829-99511973 850-102011930 1000-120011974 1290-1548

110/125 Dual Voltage ACMARS No. Microfarad

11938 21-2511939 25-3011940 30-3611941 36-4311942 43-5611943 56-7211984 59-7111937 64-7711944 72-8811945 88-10811946 108-13011948 124-15611949 145-17511950 161-19311951 189-22711952 216-25911953 233-29211954 270-32411985 280-33611986 320-38411987 340-40811988 378-45511989 400-48011990 430-51611991 630-750

220/250 Dual Voltage AC

MARS No. Microfarad11955 21-2511956 25-3011957 30-3611958 36-4311959 43-5611995 56-7211960 64-7711961 72-8811962 88-10811963 108-13011964 130-15611965 124-15611992 135-16211966 145-17511967 161-19311968 189-22711969 216-25911970 270-32411993 300-360

330 Volts AC

DUAL SECTION

Universal Run & Start Capacitor ReplacementOne model covers a range of single and dual mfd ratings.TURBO™ 200

MARS # Description Microfarad12100 TURBO™ 200 mini 2.5 mfd - 12.5 mfd, 370 or 440v12200 TURBO™ 200 2.5 mfd - 67.5 mfd, 370v or 440v12300 TURBO™ 200 X 5.0 mfd -97.5 mfd, 370 or 440v11200 Turbolytic™ 50 Universal Motor Start Capacitor 23 mfd -302 mfd, 125 to 330v11100 Turbolytic™ JR 23 mfd -208 mfd, 125 to 330v

12300Turbo™200X

11200Turbolytic™50

12200Turbo™20012100

Turbo™200 Mini11100

Turbolytic™ JR

Blue Box

14

MARS RUN CAPACITORS MEET OR EXCEED THE FOLLOWING SPECIFICATIONS:• Meet the EIA 456 standard. This life test is 125% of rated voltage at 80C for 2,000 hours. This life test

equates to 60,000 hours at rated voltage and rated temperature.

• Meet the Techumseh H115 standard, tested at 135% of rated voltage at 10C above rated temperature for500 hours.

• VDE approved. VDE is tested according to the British Standard, which permits MARS to mark capacitorswith CE approval.

• Tested and approved by every major U.S. motor company and compressor company.

• CSA approved and UL recognized.

• MARS is proud to offer the complete line of run capacitors by

For “The Real Deal”ASK FOR MARS RUN CAPACITORS IN THE BLUE BOX

15

0

1946-2011

65years

© 2011 MOTORS & ARMATURES, INC., 250 Rabro Drive East, Hauppauge, NY 11788MARS is a registered trademark of Motors & Armatures, Inc.MARS part numbers are trademarks of Motors & Armatures, Inc.

CAPACITOR BROCHURE (USA) 1/11 1M 98610

®

MARS has been serving the HVAC/R marketsince 1946 and is proud to present the mostcomplete motor and accessory productoffering to serve your needs. Our capabilitiesinclude:

• Consolidation - One Stop Shop

• Over 14,000 combinable products

• Value-added sales support and services

• Industry leading brands

• Award winning distribution facilities

• +97% order fill rate

• Billing accuracy

• Bilingual Website

• Training Focused

• EDI capabilities

Thank you for your business !

•Quality•Innovation•Design•Leadership

The LeadingBrands YouTrust For...

WhyChooseMARS?