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Stringing Analysis -‐ US Open 2013 The Wilson/Luxilon stringing team is the official stringing service of the US Open. The data gathered during the event provides an ideal opportunity to take a detailed look at the stringing patterns of the participants. Let’s first look at all racquets strung – by everyone who participated in the event and had racquets strung by the official stringing team. This included ATP and WTA players in singles and doubles and in both qualifying matches and the main draw, juniors, seniors, past champions, wheelchair players, professional coaches and a few USTA luminaries. A total of 4,306 racquets were strung during the event. Here’s a breakdown of the number of racquets that contained a particular manufacturer’s string in either the mains or crosses: Manufacturer Mains % Cross % Babolat 1106 25.7 1111 25.8 Bow Brand 12 .3 0 Dunlop 23 .5 23 .5 Gosen 7 .2 7 .2 Head 120 2.8 114 2.6 Isospeed 71 1.6 71 1.6 Kirschbaum 18 .4 18 .4 Luxilon 1878 43.6 1986 46.1 MSV 3 .1 0 Pacific 73 1.7 67 1.6 Polystar 13 .3 13 .3 Prince 182 4.2 211 4.9 Signum Pro 80 1.9 79 1.8 Solinco 61 1.4 86 2.0 Tecnifibre 143 3.3 143 3.3 Toalson 1 6 .1 Topspin 11 .3 0 Unknown 11 .3 16 .4 Volkl 6 .1 6 .1 Weiss Cannon 2 2 Wilson 374 8.7 226 5.2 Yonex 111 2.6 121 2.8 4306 4306 Next, a table of the number of racquets strung using the same manufacturer’s strings in both mains and crosses (disregarding the type of string):
Manufacturer % Babolat 969 22.5 Dunlop 23 .5 Gosen 7 .2 Head 114 2.6 Isospeed 71 1.6 Kirschbaum 18 .4 Luxilon 1549 36 Pacific 63 1.5 Polystar 13 .3 Prince 158 3.7 Signum Pro 67 1.6 Solinco 56 1.3 Tecnifibre 143 3.3 Toalson 1 Unknown 11 .3 Volkl 6 .1 Weiss Cannon 2 Wilson 33 .8 Yonex 80 1.9 3384 78.6 Hybrid stringing 922 21.4 4306 As seen in previous events, the number of racquets using hybrid stringing (where different strings are used in mains and crosses) is only around one fifth of total racquets strung at a pro level. This conflicts with the often-‐quoted opinion of tennis ‘experts’ and commentators that “most” racquets strung at the pro level are hybrids. So far, we have looked at total racquets strung. This distorts the ‘real’ picture of pro player preference because players who string more racquets or make their way further into the tournament have their preferences counted many more times than those who string less or exit earlier. Eliminating all but one of the racquets used by everyone in the list leaves us with 702 individuals who strung racquets. To focus just on pro player preferences, I have eliminated all except those in the main draw of the event, which was 236. As there are 256 main draw players, there are 20 players that did not have racquets strung by the Wilson/Luxilon team. They are:
Player Seeding Andy Murray 3 Berthanie Mattek Christina McHale Dominika Cibulkova 17 Feliciano Lopez 23 Gael Monfils Grigor Dimitrov John Isner 13 Maximo Gonzalez Milos Raonic 10 Novak Djokovic 1 Paula Ormaechea Roger Federer 7 Sam Querrey 26 Silvia Soler-‐Espinosa Stanislas Wawrinka 9 Su-‐Wei Hsieh Tomas Berdych 5 Ying-‐Ying Duan So why would players look elsewhere for their stringing needs? Some of the top players contract with a specialized stringing service and pay an annual fee to have their racquets strung by this same company at all major events. They generally have all their racquets tuned for weight and balance at the beginning of the season and if they add racquets during the year. Doing so – and maintaining the same stringing team (and stringing machines) throughout the year – is to ensure maximum consistency between racquets at each match. They are able to create a close rapport with their stringer and also specify individual requirements (for example, Roger Federer likes to have a specific pattern of string savers inserted into each of his racquets). They are also able to specify how long before their match the racquets should be strung. This is significant in terms of tension at match-‐time and would be extremely difficult to ensure in a busy stringing room catering for over 500 clients. Only the Wilson/Luxilon team are allowed to string on-‐site, so such services generally string in a hotel room – typically one of the ‘player hotels’. However, there are other reasons that players do not use the stringing service. A few players have their racquets strung by a member of their team, a hitting partner or coach. There has to be a stringing machine hidden inside Dominka Cibulkova’s mountain of luggage..!
Photo credit: https://www.facebook.com/dcibulkova And just occasionally there is a player that just likes to string their own racquets. Paula Ormaechea is one of them. Here are a few excerpts from an article that appeared about her during the event: Ormaechea, who is from Sunchales, Argentina, began stringing her rackets when she was 11 and has continued ever since. Because her town of 19,000 had few courts and no racket-‐stringing services, her father bought a small portable stringing machine and taught his daughter how to use it. As she rose through the junior ranks and continued her career as a professional, Ormaechea took her 13-‐pound machine along with her. “It’s quite easy,” she said of traveling with the machine. “It’s just six kilos less of clothes, and that’s all.” In New York, Ormaechea strings her rackets in the Manhattan apartment where she is staying during the tournament. She normally listens to music by artists like Coldplay and U2 while she works, sometimes singing along as she pulls her 1.25-‐gauge Luxilon string through the holes in the racket frame.
Ormaechea said she enjoyed the consistency that came with stringing her own rackets. She normally sets her machine to string at 50 pounds of tension. “I like it because I know that the tension will be always the same,” she said. “It’s the same machine. When you travel to different places, it’s always different. The person who will do it is different, the machine, the tension will be more or less. It’s not always the same. So I’m used to it. I know that this is my tension, and I like it that way, so I keep doing it.” “I like it,” Ormaechea said of the process. “I do it in my free time. I can just think about making the racket, stringing the racket and nothing else. It’s just a few minutes, but it distracts me from everything.”
(Excerpts courtesy of the New York Times) I admire her for her self-‐sufficiency. And her comments about consistency hit the nail on the head. I have long been a critic of the fact that pro players are subjected to extremely variable skill and ability when travelling the tennis circuit. While the Wilson/Luxilon team is professionally managed, uses the best equipment and is composed of some of the worlds finest stringers, this is not the case at many other tournaments where stringers may be recruited locally and for reasons that have little to do with providing quality stringing for the players. Tennis events are responsible for providing stringing service and tend to use the same criteria as they would when selecting a security or cleaning contractor. While they want a competent job done, the expertise to evaluate a stringing service is often lacking and minimizing cost is always a major factor. Until the ATP and WTA do their job and ensure the interests of the players by providing consistent stringing services throughout the tour, this unsatisfactory situation will continue to exist and pro players will suffer the consequences. So, after that little diversion, back to the official Wilson/Luxilon stringing team and the 2013 US Open. First, let’s look at the number of players using a particular manufacturer’s strings in either mains or crosses: Manufacturer Mains % Cross % Babolat 63 26.7 64 27.1 Dunlop 2 .8 2 .8 Gosen 1 .4 1 .4 Head 4 1.7 4 1.7 Isospeed 4 1.7 4 1.7 Kirschbaum 2 .8 2 .8 Luxilon 120 50.8 121 51.3 Pacific 3 1.3 3 1.3 Polystar 1 .5 1 .4 Prince 2 .8 3 1.3
Signum Pro 5 2.1 5 2.1 Solinco 2 .8 3 1.3 Technifibre 7 3.0 7 3.0 Topspin 1 .4 0 0 Wilson 14 5.9 11 4.7 Yonex 5 2.1 5 2.1 236 236 And now the number of players using the same manufacturer’s string in both mains and crosses: Manufacturer % Babolat 55 28.4 Dunlop 2 1.0 Gosen 1 .5 Head 4 2.0 Isospeed 4 2.0 Jirschbaum 2 1.0 Luxilon 103 53.1 Pacific 3 1.5 Polystar 1 .5 Prince 2 1.0 Signum Pro 4 2.0 Solinco 2 1.0 Technifibre 7 3.6 Wilson 1 .5 Yonex 3 1.5 194 This table shows that 76% of main-‐draw players use the same manufacturer’s strings in both mains and crosses (194 of 256). This doesn’t mean that they use the same string – just the same manufacturer’s string. We will look at actual strings later. Also, as noted in all previous analyses, there are more top players (those playing in the first round of the US Open) using Luxilon strings than those using all other manufacturers’ combined. Now let’s take a look at actual strings. First, players using a particular sting in the mains (numbers in the first column are the number of players using the string in both mains and crosses). The percentages for each string are of the total for that manufacturer. The percentages for each manufacturer are the total for all manufacturers. Main strings
Babolat String Same string % Hybrid % Total % Fiber Tour 1 2 1 2 Hurricane Tour 1 2 1 6 2 3 Natural Gut 11 24 2 11 13 21 Pro Hurricane 3 17 3 5 Pro Hurricane Tour 6 13 5 28 11 17 Revenge 1 2 1 6 2 3 RPM Blast 19 42 5 28 24 38 RPM Dual 3 7 1 6 4 6 RPM Team 3 7 3 5 45 19 18 8 63 27 Dunlop String Same string % Hybrid % Total % Black Widow 1 1 Other 1 1 2 2 Gosen String Same string % Hybrid % Total % Poly Break 1 1 Head String Same string % Hybrid % Total % Rip Control 1 1 Sonic Pro 2 1 3 3 1 4 Isospeed String Same string % Hybrid % Total % Black Fire 1 1 Pulse Soft 1 1 Pulse Stiff 1 1 Other 1 1 4 4
Kirschbaum String Same string % Hybrid % Total % Pro Line N2 2 2 Luxilon String Same string % Hybrid % Total % 4G 7 7 4 17 11 9 Ace 1 4 1 1 Alu Power 56 56 13 54 69 58 Alu Power Fluoro 3 3 3 3 Alu Power Rough 7 7 1 4 8 7 Alu Spin 1 1 1 1 M2 Pro 1 1 1 1 Original 19 19 3 13 22 18 Savage 1 4 1 1 Supersense 1 4 1 1 TiMO 2 2 2 2 96 41 24 10 120 51 Pacific String Same string % Hybrid % Total % Poly Force Original 1 1 2 Poly Force Xtreme 1 1 1 2 3 Polystar String Same string % Hybrid % Total % Energy 1 1 Prince String Same string % Hybrid % Total % Beast XP 1 1 Tour Poly 1 1 2 2 Signum Pro String Same string % Hybrid % Total % Firestorm 1 1
Gut 1 1 Poly Plasma 1 1 Other 2 2 2 3 5 Solinco String Same string % Hybrid % Total % Tour Bite 2 2 Technifibre String Same string % Hybrid % Total % Black Code 2 2 Razor Code 3 3 Red Code Poly 1 1 Ruff Code 1 1 7 7 Topspin String Same string % Hybrid % Total % Cyber Max Rotation 1 1 Wilson String Same string % Hybrid % Total % Enduro Pro 1 1 Natural Gut 1 12 13 1 13 6 14 6 Yonex String Same string % Hybrid % Total % Poly Tour Pro 2 2 Poly Tour Spin 1 2 3 3 2 5 Total 171 65 236 Our last analysis showed 66% more players using single-‐string racquets as hybrids. This time, the number is higher at 72%. So next time you hear a TV commentator
tell you that pros prefer hybrids, you can shout at the top of your lungs that they are talking through their rears and that single-‐string users outnumber hybrid users by almost 3 to 1..! It wont do you any good, of course, but isn’t it great to know better than the ‘experts’? A few further comments on the numbers above: The high level of use of Wilson string in hybrids rather than single-‐string racquets is almost entirely due to some previous users of gut in mains and crosses switching to gut in a hybrid with Luxilon 4G. Serena Williams made the switch to 4G at the end of last season and finished a remarkable year (at the age of 31) back at the top spot in the rankings and with an enviable collection of trophies. Over 50% of players used Luxilon in the mains – almost twice as many as the nearest rival, Babolat. Alu Power remained the most popular choice – as has been the case for the past 10 years. RPM Blast remains the mot popular Babolat string – no doubt due in large part to it being the choice of Rafael Nadal.
Next, we look at the number of players using specific strings as crosses: Cross Strings Babolat String Same string % Hybrid % Total % Fiber Tour 1 3 1 2 Hurricane Tour 1 3 1 2 Natural Gut 2 5 23 85 25 39 Powergy 1 4 1 2 Pro Hurricane 1 3 1 2 Pro Hurricane Tour 6 16 1 4 7 11 Revenge 1 3 1 2 RPM Blast 19 51 1 4 20 31 RPM Dual 3 8 3 5 RPM Team 3 8 3 5 Excel 1 1 37 27 64 Dunlop String Same string % Hybrid % Total % Black Widow 1 1 Other 1 1 2 2 Gosen String Same string % Hybrid % Total % Natural Gut 1 1 Head String Same string % Hybrid % Total % FiberGEL 1 1 Rip Control 1 1 Sonic Pro 2 2 3 1 4 Isospeed String Same string % Hybrid % Total % Black Fire 1 1
Pulse Soft 1 1 Pulse Stiff 1 1 Other 1 1 4 4 Kirschbaum String Same string % Hybrid % Total % Pro Line N2 2 2 Luxilon String Same string % Hybrid % Total % 4G 7 7 4 16 11 9 Ace 1 4 1 1 Alu Power 56 56 9 65 54 Alu Power Fluoro 3 3 2 8 5 4 Alu Power Rough 7 7 1 4 8 7 Alu Spin 1 1 1 4 2 2 M2 Pro 1 1 2 8 3 2 Original 19 19 1 4 20 17 Original Rough 1 4 1 1 TiMO 2 2 3 12 5 4 96 25 121 Pacific String Same string % Hybrid % Total % Natural Gut 2 2 Poly Force Original 1 1 1 2 3 Polystar String Same string % Hybrid % Total % Energy 1 1 Prince String Same string % Hybrid % Total % Beast XP 1 1 Natural Gut 1 1 Tour Poly 1 1 2 1 3
Signum Pro String Same string % Hybrid % Total % Blackline Power 1 1 Firestorm 1 1 Gut 1 1 Other 2 2 2 3 5 Solinco String Same string % Hybrid % Total % Tour Bite 2 1 3 Technifibre String Same string % Hybrid % Total % Black Code 2 2 Razor Code 3 3 Red Code Poly 1 1 Ruff Code 1 1 7 7 Wilson String Same string % Hybrid % Total % Natural Gut 1 6 7 NXT 2 2 NXT Tour 1 1 Sensation 1 1 1 10 11 Yonex String Same string % Hybrid % Total % Poly Tour Pro 2 2 4 Poly Tour Spin 1 1 3 2 5 Total 163 73 236
27 players used natural gut as a mains string. 37 players used gut as a cross string. Just 3 players used gut in both mains and crosses. The majority of those using a hybrid with gut in the mains (17 – 71%) used a Luxilon cross string. Of those 8 used Alu Power or a derivative (such as Rough or Fluoro) and 4 used 4G. However of the players who used gut in the mains, a slight majority (14) used a Babolat string in the crosses – 9 Pro Hurricane and 5 RPM Blast. 13 used Luxilon – with Alu Power accounting for 9 of those. I am going to repeat a couple of paragraphs from my last string analysis: I have previously gone to great lengths to investigate whether there is any correlation between tension selection and racquet, string, gender, ranking, surface, etc. and have never found one. Maybe my statistical knowledge or tools are inadequate or maybe I have yet to accidentally stumble upon a set of conditions that would enable me to predict a player’s tension preference. I am, however, personally certain that it will not happen and that tension choice is a simple matter of personal preference – sometimes guided by how a player first learned or was taught – and practically nothing else. The players included in this analysis are the best in the world and all have efficient and effective swings and use their choice of equipment. Yet their choices are as varied (and as predictable) as their favorite music – a few will make the same choice but are likely to be different in every other respect. The huge range between highest and lowest should indicate that it is futile for a recreational player to even think about what might be a ‘good’ tension for him based upon what his favorite pro is using. It is less obvious – but equally true – that he should not think that an ‘average’ tension of 55lb is a good idea. New players are, in fact, much more likely to find 35lb a much ‘better’ feeling tension – and be ‘better’ staying there thereafter… I remain convinced that it is totally pointless to take any notice of the tensions that pro players – or anyone else -‐ uses. There is nothing close to a consensus at any level of the game. As a result of talking to many pros at a high level, it seems that the majority of those who use a high tension do so because that is what they were taught to use and their game has been developed around the use of such tensions. Most coaches that I have spoken to maintain the same attitude to string tension – and insist on putting a 50lb+ tension in beginners’ racquets even if they are 5 years of age. Why? Because that’s what they were taught. By players and coaches who used wooden racquets and natural gut. Racquet and string technology has evolved considerably – but, I think, few attitudes have evolved at the same rate. Strings are several times stiffer than the days of natural gut and tensions should reflect that significant change. My advice will always be to use as low a tension as is consistent with controlling the ball. Lower tension = a softer, more comfortable (and all-‐around better) feel.
Filippo Volandri continues to string in the mid-‐20s (yes, pounds..!). He was one of the few players to beat Roger Federer at the height of his career (yes, using the same tension..!). Big hitters Lleyton Hewitt, Jack Sock and Thomaz Bellucci all string in the 30s. Equally powerful guys like Mikhail Kukushkin, Frank Dancevic and Nikolai Davydenko, and net artists like Bob and Mike Bryan, are in the low 40s – as is Max (‘The Beast’) Mirnyi..! If there is some reason that you can’t control the ball using a tension lower than 55lb – as many ‘experts’ would have you believe, these guys don’t appear to have heard that particular message..! Oh, and Martina Hingis has learned a thing or three since returning to the tour. She is now stringing in the mid-‐20s. OK. I promise to stay off my soap-‐box for the rest of the analysis… Here are some (useless) tension facts for those who insist on finding some significance in them:
o Lowest = 26lb o Highest = 66lb o The three highest stringers were women and the 3 lowest were men. What
do we make of that? o The average tension = 54.14lb o Median = 55lb (the value in the center of the range) o Mode = 53lb (the most common value, 52.9lb = 25kg)
These values are almost identical to those from the last analysis. I have also looked at differences between tensions used in mains and crosses. The results are very similar to the last analysis so, for those of you interested in the extent to which some pros string mains and crosses at different tensions, take a look at that. The next topic is string gauge. It is something that I have not looked at in depth in past analyses in spite of quite a few requests to do so. This was mainly because I was of the opinion that gauge is unimportant. Do I hear gasps of shock..! Why do I think so? Because players have little or no choice in the gauge of their string. In general, it is the manufacturers which decide the gauge of a particular string that they choose to manufacture and if a player wants the string, he has to take it in whatever gauge the manufacturer has determined. The formulation and construction of a string is generally to achieve a specific balance of power, control, durability and feel/comfort. The gauge of the string is one of the ways a manufacturer can ‘tune’ the string in reaching a compromise between durability (thicker) and lively performance (thinner) and stiffness and control (thicker) and power and bite on the ball (thinner). But very few venture outside the magic area between 1.2mm and 1.3mm which most believe provides the best combination of playability (whatever that means) and durability. Luxilon is something of an exception in offering multiple
gauges of a number of its strings but a single, fixed gauge is much more likely to be the sole offering of most manufacturers’ strings. Unfortunately, gauges used by players at the US Open are recorded according to the US identification ‘system’ which is, at best, an approximation of the real diameter. Each gauge number represents a range of diameters rather than a specific one. But the measurement is complicated by the inability of manufacturers to agree to what the ranges should be. To complicate matters, some overlapping of ranges occurs and there are exceptions (indicated by a letter being added to the gauge number) where the range has been extended either up or down for whatever reason. Don’t ask me to explain or justify it: how such a bizarre ‘system’ evolved -‐ and why it remains in use -‐ is beyond me. But that’s what we have so let’s see if we can learn anything from the numbers. Below is a matrix of gauges used by main-‐draw players at the 2013 US Open. Read down the columns for the gauges used in the mains and across the rows for gauges used in the crosses. For example, if we wanted to know how many players used a 17 gauge string in the mains and a 16 gauge string in the crosses, we would read down the 17 column until we found the cell that is the intersection with the 16 row. The number is 9. String Gauge Matrix Gauge Mains 15 16 17 18 Total % Crosses
15 3 3 1 16 143 9 2 154 65 17 11 58 3 72 31 18 1 1 5 7 3
Total 3 155 68 10 236 % 1 66 29 4
The cells running diagonally through the center of the matrix (colored purple) are those showing the number of players using the same gauge in both mains and crosses. The total is 209 (89%). The most preferred combination is clearly the choice of 16 gauge strings in both mains and crosses. 143 players (61%) made this choice. So there it is. So what? I have no idea…
I have spent quite a lot of time (much more than common sense told me I should) trying to find some correlation between use of a particular gauge or combination of gauges with particular groups or types of players. There were some clear (and obvious) features: the most popular string among players is Luxilon Alu Power; Alu Power is a 16 gauge string; so it is not too surprising that 16 gauge strings are identified on the matrix as a clear favorite. Apart from confirming the obvious, the effort was a failure with huge matrices and 1s scattered all over them – leading to the conclusion that there was no identifiable pattern. I’ve done what you asked – so don’t ask me about gauges any more…. We haven’t looked at racquets in past analyses – mainly because Luxilon does not make racquets (well, that is not quite true, we did produce a few prototypes about 10 years ago but decided to focus 100% of our R&D on our core product – the string -‐ but I do still have one of those black, anonymous beasts in a closet somewhere..).
So, here is a breakdown of racquets used by main-‐draw players that are manufactured by the ‘Big 3 + 2’ – Wilson, Babolat and Head + Prince and Yonex: String type Babolat Head Prince Wilson Yonex Aero Pro Drive 7
Aero Pro Drive + 3 Aero Pro Drive Cortex 3 Aero Pro Drive GT 3
Aero Storm 2 Aero Storm Tour 3 Blade Team BLX
1
Blade Tour BLX
3 Blade104
1
BLX Blade 98 18x20
18 BLX Blade 98 Pink
6
Diablo
1 E zone Xi
2
exo3 Black
1 exo3 Tour
8
Extreme
4 Extreme Pro
5
Ezone
1 Flexpoint Radical
1
Juice
6 K6.1 95
1
kBlade
2 kPro Open
1
LM Radical
1 MG Prestige
1
MG Prestige Pro
1 MG Radical
1
O3 Tour
1 Ozone Tour
3
Ozone Tour Lite
1 Pro.Open.BLX
1
Pro.Tour.BLX
1 Prototype
1
Pure Drive 7 Pure Drive + 5 Pure Drive Cortex 6 Pure Drive GT 11 Pure Drive GT+ 2 Pure Drive Roddick GT 1 Pure Drive Team + 1 Pure Storm 3 Pure Storm GT 7 Pure Storm Tour + 1 RDiS 200
1
RDiS100
1 RDS 003
1
RDS001
1 RQiS1tour
2
S fit a 105
1 Six.One.95 BLX
5
Six.One.BLX
7 Six.One.BLX Team
1
Six.One.BLX Tour
1 Speed MP
5
Speed Pro
1 Steam 100
6
Steam 96
2 Steam 99
3
Tour.BLX
5 V Core 100
3
V Core 98
1 V Core Tour 97
1
Youtek Extreme Pro
1 YT Extreme
1
YT Instinct
4 YT Prestige MP
14
YT Prestige Pro
2 YT Radical
5
YT Radical Pro
2 65 49 16 71 15
So Wilson was the winner, closely followed by Babolat and with Head a respectable third. The rest: Technifibre 6 Dunlop 6 Donnay 2 Pro Kennex 1 Siricon 2 Technifibre 2 Volkl 1 Unknown 2 And, no, I don’t have any idea why your Big Bubba is not featured in the list. Finally, a question has been asked on the site (number 3,389) that seeks an explanation for players stringing gut in a hybrid with a much firmer synthetic string
without making an allowance for the difference in firmness by adjusting tension. So I took a look and here’s what I found: Gut Mains and Synthetic Crosses Cross string Gut tension Cross tension Difference Babolat Pro Hurricane 50 48 -‐2 Babolat Pro Hurricane Tour 57 55 -‐2 Babolat RPM Blast 54 52 -‐2 Luxilon 4G 55 53 -‐2 Luxilon 4G 55 55 0 Luxilon 4G 64 63 -‐1 Luxilon 4G 66 64 -‐2 Luxilon Alu Power 35 35 0 Luxilon Alu Power 44 44 0 Luxilon Alu Power 52 52 0 Luxilon Alu Power 55 53 -‐2 Luxilon Alu Power 55 53 -‐2 Luxilon Alu Power 58 58 0 Luxilon Alu Power Fluoro 51 49 -‐2 Luxilon Alu Power Fluoro 55 53 -‐2 Luxilon Alu Power Rough 53 51 -‐2 Luxilon Alu Spin 50 48 -‐2 Luxilon Original Rough 52 54 +2 Luxilon TiMO 51 46 -‐5 Luxilon TiMO 60 55 -‐5 Signum Pro Blackline Power 53 52 -‐1 Signum Pro Firestorm 60 58 -‐2 Solinco Tour Bite 53 51 -‐2 Yonex Poly Tour Pro 47 47 0 Summary: Synthetic tension adjustment Players % No adjustment 6 25 Reduction of 1 – 2 lb 15 63 Reduction of 5lb 2 8 Increase of 2lb 1 4 It is not unusual for pro players to reduce their cross string tension by a pound or two. There is some rationale for this: cross strings are shorter than mains and therefore feel stiffer if strung at the same tension as the longer mains. A 2lb reduction would be the appropriate adjustment for this purpose and some players
apply it. In real terms, however, a racquet cannot be strung so as to produce a consistent 2lb reduction – the process is much too imprecise. But some pros do it anyway. And I think that is what we are seeing here. A 5lb reduction on the other hand is unusual and must represent the player’s attempt to balance the characteristics of the two strings. A 5lb reduction would be a step in the ‘right’ direction. Which means that just 2 of the 24 players using gut in the mains and a synthetic in the crosses are making any kind of effort to match the characteristics of the very dissimilar strings. That surprises me..! Gut Crosses and Synthetic Mains Main string Gut tension Main tension Difference Babolat Hurricane Tour 60 56 -‐4 Babolat Pro Hurricane 58 58 0 Babolat Pro Hurricane 53 63 +10 Babolat Pro Hurricane Tour 53 51 -‐2 Babolat Pro Hurricane Tour 51 51 0 Babolat Pro Hurricane Tour 55 53 -‐2 Babolat Pro Hurricane Tour 52 54 +2 Babolat Pro Hurricane Tour 60 60 0 Babolat Revenge 53 53 0 Babolat RPM Blast 51 51 0 Babolat RPM Blast 51 53 +2 Babolat RPM Blast 53 55 +2 Babolat RPM Blast 57 57 0 Babolat RPM Dual 55 55 0 Gosen Poly Break 57 59 +2 Luxilon 4G 53 55 +2 Luxilon 4G 57 55 -‐2 Luxilon Alu Power 49 51 -‐2 Luxilon Alu Power 55 55 0 Luxilon Alu Power 53 55 -‐2 Luxilon Alu Power 55 57 -‐2 Luxilon Alu Power 62 62 0 Luxilon Alu Power 64 66 +2 Luxilon Alu Power 46 46 0 Luxilon Alu Power 53 55 +2 Luxilon Alu Power Rough 46 49 +3 Luxilon Original 57 60 +3 Luxilon Savage 53 51 -‐2 Pacific Poly Force Original 53 55 +2 Pacific Poly Force Extreme 53 55 +2 Signum Pro Firestorm 60 62 +2 Signum Pro Poly Plasma 49 52 +3
Yonex Poly Tour Spin 51 55 +4 Yonex Poly Tour Spin 51 53 +2 Synthetic tension adjustment Players % No adjustment 10 29 Reduction of 1 – 2 lb 7 21 Reduction of 4lb 1 3 Increase of 2lb 11 32 Increase of 3 – 4 lb 4 12 Increase of 10lb 1 3 Now, let’s look at players using gut in the crosses. A similar proportion of players, -‐ 29% compared to 25% -‐ made no adjustment of tension. But that’s where the similarity ends. Only 21% -‐ compared to 63% -‐ reduced the tension of the synthetic string to compensate for the difference in stiffness. Instead, 32% actually increased the tension of the synthetic string by a couple of pounds. It would appear that this is just players following their ‘normal’ practice of having mains a couple of pounds higher than the crosses – and taking no account of the fact that they are putting gut, rather than another synthetic, in the crosses. There were a further 12% who increased the synthetic tension by 3-‐4lb..! Maybe this is deliberate and they know what they are doing? I can think of a few reasons why someone might want to do this: for example, to ‘isolate’ the stiffer mains and allow them to move freely against the softer crosses which are merely supporting the basic shape of the stringbed – with the mains doing all the work. If that is the intent, then this would be a means of effecting it. On the other hand, it is essentially taking the normally beneficial characteristics of the gut out of the mix as far as creating resilience and power are concerned. I would have thought that, if this was the intent, it would also be reflected in the case of a player using two synthetics of different stiffness. But this does not seem to be the case. Then there is the lone player who increased tension of the synthetic string by 10lb..! I have no explanation for the rationale behind such a decision. Except to resort to my fundamental philosophy that all players – at whatever level – should do whatever feels right for them. And, as we have seen in our analysis of pro level tensions above, there is nothing close to a consensus on what is the ‘right’ tension to use. Apart from our lone exception, I am left with the suspicion that players are simply doing their ‘normal’ thing and reducing the cross tension a little without giving any thought to the unique characteristics and needs of mixing gut and synthetic strings in a hybrid. If so, they are either undermining the effectiveness of their stringbed or differences in tension really don’t make a lot of practical difference. This would, of course, explain the huge differences in tension used by pros of very similar needs,
abilities and styles. And make those of us who spend our time wondering about such things in need of better things to do with our time…!
____ So there you have it. Another rare insight into the world of pro strings and stringing. What can be learned? More pros choose Luxilon strings than all other manufacturers combined. Obviously, it is for the sheer performance of the strings. But many tell me that they do so also because of their concern for a ‘predictable’ racquet and Luxilon’s investment in cutting-‐edge technology and its stringent quality control, which results in a high level of product consistency. A chain is only as strong as its weakest link and that applies equally to tennis strings. Poor product consistency results in weak spots that will shorten durability and negatively affect performance.
Finally, I encourage you to take a look at previous analyses where some aspects of pro stringing are covered in more depth. They have not been covered again here because many of them have not changed significantly. For example, the range of actual tensions used is “all over the place” -‐ as it always was -‐ and bears no relation whatsoever to the type, size or gender of the player or his/her swing-‐style or game. So, don’t look to the pros for secrets or clues about the tension at which to string your racquet. No-‐one knows how a racquet feels better than you. Don’t be afraid to experiment with strings and tensions until you find what you like but when you do,
focus on consistency and predictability. Don’t constantly look for the holy grail of tennis strings – there isn’t one. Above all, don’t listen to anyone who tells you that you “can’t” try anything that you want to try. And don’t listen to stringers that tell you what you should and should not do unless they have watched you play and also have a very clear understanding of your needs. It’s your money and your sport. Do what you want with it…
The author of this article, Jeff Davies, lives in Orlando, FL, USA and was Director of Player Services and manager of Luxilon’s professional event stringing service
prior to Wilson becoming the exclusive global distributor of Luxilon strings in 2006.
He continues to manage the Luxilon.com web site and answers string-related questions on the site – currently question number 3,392.
You can reach him at jeff @ luxilon racquet sports . com (no spaces)
Please note that this article is copyright (2013) by Jeff Davies and may not be reproduced in full or in part without written consent.
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