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U.S. IICh 17.3 &17.4
17.3 War in the Pacific
•Do Now: How different would it be to fight a war in Japan rather than in Europe?
17.3 War in the Pacific
• Dec. 41: Gen. Douglas Mac Arthur• March 11, 42: Leave the Phil. “I Shall
Return”
17.3 War in the Pacific
• What American actions surprised the Japanese?
• Spr. 1942: Apr. 18th: raid on Tokyo
• Main Allies: US & Australia: Battle of Coral Sea: May 1942, 5days, Airplanes
17.3 War in the Pacific
• Battle of Midway: Midway (island N. of Hawaii), Navajo broke Japanese code
• Adm. Chester Nimitz: Commander of naval forces in Pacific
• What was the importance of the Battle of Midway?
• “Island Hopping”
17.3 War in the Pacific
• Offensive: Aug 1942: Guadalcanal in Solomon Island
• Called: “Island of Death”• Jpn: 1st defeat on land• Oct. 44: Leyte Island, Philippines: Mac
Arthur “People of Phil: I have returned”
17.3 War in the Pacific
• Jpn: fleet: Battle of Leyte Gulf• New Tactic: Kamikaze: suicide plane: • Means “Divine Wind”• Jpn: lost Battle
17.3 War in the Pacific
• Iwo Jima: “Sulfur Island”• Why did the Japanese fight so hard on
Iwo Jima?• Critical to US as a base, heavily loaded
bombers could reach Jpn• Most defended island-21,800 out of
22,000 Japanese soldiers killed • Jpn: lost island
17.3 War in the Pacific
17.3 War in the Pacific
• Apr. 1945: US invade Okinawa• Fighting ended June 21, 1945• Ritual suicide: shame of surrender• 7,600 Americans killed; 110,000
Japanese• A forecast of a invasion of Japan? • Open door to attack Japan• Jpn: huge army: avoid invasion, use
bomb
17.3 War in the Pacific
• Gen. Leslie Groves & research director amer. Sci. J. Robert Oppenheimer
• Best kept war secret• 1st test: July 16,1945: Alamogordo, N.
Mex.• July 25, 1945: Final Plans drop 2 atomic
bombs• US warned Jpn: surrender or be
destroyed• Japan refuses
17.3 War in the Pacific
• Hiroshima: Jpn mil’t center: 43 sec. buildings to dust (ceased to exist)
• Jpn: hesitated to surrender
• 3 days: 2nd Bomb: code name: Fat Man, Nagasaki: level half the city
• Sept 2: formal surrender
17.3 War in the Pacific
The famous Life magazine photograph taken by Alfred Eisenstaedt on August 14, 1945
17.3 War in the Pacific
• Feb. 1945: FDR, Churchhill, & Stalin: Yalta, SU (Big 3)
• Why does the US & GB compromise with SU?
• United Nations
17.3 War in the Pacific
• Nuremberg Trials
• Is it legitimate to hold people accountable for crimes committed during wartime?
17.4 The Home Front
• Eco. Gains: defense indust. boom & unemployment fell to a low
• Average weekly pay rose, invest in war bonds
• Women: many lost jobs & took adv. of openings
• Pop. shift
17.4 The Home Front
• How did wartime activities affect families?
• Men, Women, Children, & Teenagers• Period of adjustment: return• New families• 44: Servicemen’s Readjustment Act, GI
Bill of Rights: return to civilian life• Edu, training, & loans
17.4 The Home Front
Music in the War:“You Belong to Me.” See the pyramids along the NileWatch the sunrise from a tropic isleJust remember darling all the whileYou belong to meSee the market place in old AlgiersSend me photographs and souvenirsJust remember when a dream appearsYou belong to me
“We’ll Meet Again.” by Vera LynnWe'll meet againDon't know whereDon't know whenBut I know we'll meet again some sunny day
17.4 The Home Front
Music in the War:
“G.I. Jive” by Louis JordanThis is the G. I. JiveMan aliveIt starts with the bugler blowin' reveille over your bed when you arriveJack, that's the G. I. Jive
“I’ll Be Home for Christmas.” by Bing CrosbyI’ll be home for Christmas, you can count on me Please have snow and mistletoe, and presents on the treeChristmas Eve will find me, where the love light gleams
I’ll be home for Christmas, if only in my dreams.
17.4 The Home Front
• How did Amer. React to progress in acceptance of Afr. Amer.?
• 42: Civil Rights leader James Farmer founded CORE: interracial org.
• 1st sit-in Chicago Rest.• 43: racial violence across the country• June, Sunday: Detroit: 3 day riots• Serious racial tensions
17.4 The Home Front
• Summer 43: Los Angeles: Anti-Mexican “Zoot-suit” Riot
• Zoot Suit: style of dress (long jacket, pleated pants, & broad brimmed hat)
• 11 sailors in LA reported being attacked
• Lasted a week
17.4 The Home Front
• Why were Jpn. Amer. Placed in interment camps?
• 42: War Dept. Mass evacuation• Feb. 19,42: FDR: removal of people of
Jpn ancestry (CA, Wash, Ore, & Ariz): relocation centers: Nisei
• 44: Korematsu vs. US• JACL: 65: 38 mill, 78: ind, Reagan:
$20,000 ind & 90: G. Bush
