U.S History (Weeks 1 -3)

Age of Exploration“Europeans Set Sail”

Week 1

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Key Terms

• Prince Henry the Navigator • Christopher Columbus • Vasco da Gama • caravel • astrolabe • cartography

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Main Ideas

1.What was the Age of Exploration? What reasons did European nationshave for wanting to explore new worlds?

2. Why did European leaders and explorers want to find a sailing traderoute to Asia instead of continuing to use the overland trade route?

3.Identify Prince Henry and explain his significance to the events of theworld at his time.

4.What technological inventions and improvements promoted the Age ofExploration?

5.Identify Christopher Columbus and explain his significance to theevents of the world at his time

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Main Idea #1

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Main Idea #1

• How would you define the Age of Exploration?

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Main Idea #1

• How would you define the Age of Exploration?

• What reasons did European nations have for wanting to explore new worlds?

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Age of Exploration

Reasons

• Gain economic wealth

• Spread the Christian Religion

• Intellectual Curiosity

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Main Idea #2

• Why did European leaders and explorers want to find a sailing trade route to Asia instead of continuing to use the overland trade route?

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SPICES

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SPICES In the 1400s, there was no refrigeration. To prevent meat from spoiling, people would drown their meat in salt to preserve and dry it (like beef jerky). They also used a lot of spices like pepper to cover up the taste of the salted or spoiled meat.

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SPICES In the 1400s, there was no refrigeration. To prevent meat from spoiling, people would drown their meat in salt to preserve and dry it (like beef jerky). They also used a lot of spices like pepper to cover up the taste of the salted or spoiled meat.

Ancient Romans used to pay $125 for 12 ounces of pepper. The pepper in your local supermarket would have paid for a year's rent.

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http://www.public.iastate.edu/~cfford/Europe1400.jpg

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http://www.harpercollege.edu/mhealy/geogres/maps/nwgif/nwottom.gif

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Main Idea #3 & #4

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Main Idea #3 & #4

• Identify Prince Henry and explain his significance to the events of the world at his time.

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Main Idea #3 & #4

• Identify Prince Henry and explain his significance to the events of the world at his time.

• What technological inventions and improvements promoted the Age of Exploration?

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Caravel

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Thttp://www.ruf.rice.edu/~feegi/bojador.GIFext

Men believed the currents south of Cape Bojador were so strong that no ship would ever return and that the sun would burn so hot that no life could survive on the land. From 1424 to 1434 Henry sent out 15 expeditions, all of which did not dare to pass the Cape.

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http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~feegi/bojador.GIFext

http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~feegi/bojador.GIFext

http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/imagevoy/Africa1.jpg

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Vasco da Gama

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http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/eurvoya/vasco.html

http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/eurvoya/vasco.html

Main Idea #5

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Main Idea #5

• Identify Christopher Columbus and explain hissignificance to the events of the world at his time.

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Santa Maria

La Pinta

La Nina

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Columbus Voayge: http://www.mrnussbaum.com/columbustrip.gif

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Week 2 SeminarThe Southern Colonies

Main Ideas

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Main Idea #1

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Main Idea #1

• What is a joint-stock company?

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Main Idea #1


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Main Idea #1


• What did the owners of the Virginia Company of London hope to achieve by financing the creation of a permanent settlement in Virginia?

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- Charter - a document, issued by a sovereign or state, outlining the conditions under which a corporation, colony, city, or other corporate body is organized, and defining its rights and privileges.

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Main Idea #2

• Identify the factors that contributed to the success/failure of early colonial settlements in the New World.

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Main Idea #3

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Main Idea #3

• Compare and contrast each of the Southern colonies political, economic, religious, and social situations.

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•South Carolina

•Virginia(Jamestown)

•Maryland

•North Carolina

•Georgia (Savannah)

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Main Idea #4

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Main Idea #4

• What caused Southern colonists to favor slaves over indentured servants?

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Main Idea #4


• What allowed Africans to become slaves rather than indentured servants?

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Main Idea #4


• What allowed Africans to become slaves rather than indentured servants?

• How did Southern Colonists maintain control over their slaves?

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Indentured Servants

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Indentured Servants

• Both white and black indentured servants lived, worked, & had families together.

• 100,000 out of 130,000 people in Virginia were indentured servants

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Indentured Servants

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Indentured Servants

• Contracted workers (4 -7 years) purchased by rich aristocrats who agreed to pay off their debt.

• Master fed, clothed, & housed the servant.

• Servant received money, tools, & rights to a few acres of land at the end of their contract.

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Indentured Servants

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Indentured Servants

• Problems - Leave after a few years, not used to heavy farming or hot weather.

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Indentured Servants

• Problems - Leave after a few years, not used to heavy farming or hot weather.

• England’s economy improves in the late half of the 17th century. Fewer indentured servants for hire.

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Rise of Slavery• Strong, in-expensive, no

government protection, black skin keeps them from blending in with the rest of the crowd, permanent workers.

• Black skin became synonymous with being a slave.

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Establishing White Supremacy

“How could the ruling class break the bonds between the white and black servant class? How could the nobles enslave one race - the blacks - forever?”

-- Slavery and Miscegenation[inter-racial marriage] in America by: Linda Allen Bryant

Answer: Slave Codes

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A Negro Hung Alive by the Ribs to a Gallows

“Carolina authorities developed laws to keep the African American population under control. Whipping, branding, dismembering, castrating, or killing a slave were legal under many circumstances. Freedom of movement, to assemble at a funeral, to earn money, even to learn to read and write, became outlawed.”

--http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part1/1narr5.html

Carolina Slave Codes

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http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part1/1narr5.html

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part1/1narr5.html

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Triangular Trade Route

Triangular Trade Route - fueled the growth of slavery in the Americas.

• Slave traders brought Africans to the Americas

• Rum and sugar cane from the Americas went to Europe

• Sales of these products provided money to European slave traders to capture and transport more Africans to the Americas.

[Engaging Students in American History]

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Week 3 SeminarThe New England Colonies

Main Ideas

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Main Idea #1

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Main Idea #1

What factors led to the development of slavery in the colonies?

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Main Idea #1

What factors led to the development of slavery in the colonies?- Lack of indentured servants

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Main Idea #1


- Europe’s improving economy after 1650

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Main Idea #1



- Easy availability of slaves

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Main Idea #1




- Advantages of Blacks over Whites

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Main Idea #1





- Church and slave codes

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Main Idea #1





- Church and slave codes

Reference: Slaves vs Indentured Servants PDF

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Main Idea #2Describe the conditions and common practices aboard a typical slave ship bound for the middle passage?

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Main Idea #3

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Main Idea #3Explain the role religion played in the establishment of the New England colonies and in daily colonial life.

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- The reason many people came to the New England colonies was to escape religious persecution.

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- Politics and religion were closely linked in Puritan New England.

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keynote:/Users/anthonyarmstrong/Desktop/Age%20of%20Exploration%20%26%2013%20Colonies.key?id=BGSlide-109





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- Colonists only became full members by passing a public faith test.

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Reference: Holt Chp.3/Sec.2 PDF

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Mayflower Compact

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Mayflower Compact

Settlers consented to follow the rules & regulations of the gov’t

for the sake of survival.

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Mayflower Compact



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Mayflower Compact



Gov’t gets its power from the people it is governing.

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Mayflower Compact




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Mayflower Compact




Foundation of the United States Constitution

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General Court

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Main Idea #4

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Main Idea #4Compare and contrast the political, economic, and social situation of the New England colonies to that of the Southern colonies. What similarities and differences exist?

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• How do the reasons for colonial settlement in the New England colonies compare to the reasons for colonial settlement in the Southern colonies?

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• Did the first colonists in New England suffer hardships and conflicts similar to those suffered by the people at Jamestown?

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• Who were the key members and leaders of the New England communities? Do they share any similarities to John Smith or James Oglethorpe?

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• Who were the key members and leaders of the New England communities? Do they share any similarities to John Smith or James Oglethorpe?

• How does New England’s colonial economic system compare to the Southern colonial economic system?

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Compare & Contrast

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Compare & Contrast• Pilgrims struggled

through the first winter.

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• Dependent on local natives to survive (Squanto)

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• Pilgrims made little $, but were a strong community.

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• Pilgrim women had the right to sign contracts & own land.

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• Massachusetts Bay Company finances Puritan trip.

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• Puritans came well prepared & faced little resistance from local American Indians.

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• Healthful climate

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• Bad soil, furs, fish, shipbuilding

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Compare & Contrast

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Compare & Contrast• Apprentices

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• Male church members are the only ones who could vote.

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• Schools to be founded in every township of 50 families.

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• William Bradford & John Winthrop

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• Mayflower Compact & the General Court

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John Winthrop1st Governor of Massachusetts

“We shall be a city set on a hill.”

A holy city that would be a model for the world.

Harmonious and selfless Christian community.

Reference:Massachusetts Bay Colony Video

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William BradfordJohn Smith like?

http://www.smithsonianeducation.org/migrations/portrait/bradford.jpg

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William BradfordJohn Smith like?

• Established a rationing system.

• Implemented fishing, trade, and agricultural programs.

• Negotiated peaceful relations with Narragansett Indians

• Kept the colony financially supported

Reference: ABC-CLIO, “William Bradford”


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Squanto

http://www.mccarterfamily.com/mccarterpage/stories/stephen_hopkins/images/squanto.jpg

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Puritan LifeThe life of the colony and of its people, the clothes they should wear, the length of their hair, their labors and pastimes, were all supervised and regulated in accordance with the clergy's interpretation of the scriptures.

Reference: Pilgrims and Puritans, Part II. 10 September 2007 <http://brownellfamily.rootsweb.com/Pilgrims2.html>.

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http://brownellfamily.rootsweb.com/Pilgrims2.html




Puritan LifeBecause Christmas, New Years and other holidays were holy days in the Catholic Church, their observance was prohibited.

Since the ministers said that they could find no authority in the Bible for church weddings or church funerals, marriages were performed by civil magistrates, and the dead were buried with a sermon, a song or a prayer.

Reference: Pilgrims and Puritans, Part II. 10 September 2007 <http://brownellfamily.rootsweb.com/Pilgrims2.html>.

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Compare & Contrast

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• Dependent on local natives to survive.

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• Women had the right to sign contracts & own land.

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• Came well prepared, faced little resistance from local American Indians.

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• Bad soil, furs, fish, shipbuilding

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Compare & Contrast

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Documents

U.S History (Weeks 1 -3)