U.S. History I

Standard Review:“The Nation’s Beginnings”

Chapter 1 Section 1Standard 9.1 and 9.3

Cultures Collide!

• Native American (American Indian): Scientist trace native roots to Asia. In theory, they believe that Natives migrated across the Bering “Land Bridge” (Time Period Debatable)

• The Europeans: 1492: Age of Exploration• Christopher Columbus: “Discovered the New World”• Conquistadors: Spanish “Conquerors” take over much of Latin

America. (1500-1542) • Colombian Exchange: Movement of goods between Europe,

Africa, Asia, and the Americas• West African: Many slaves were brought to the Americas

from Sub-Sahara Africa during the “Triangle Trade” between Europe, Africa, and the Americas

• Middle Passage: Route from Africa to North America

Triangle Trade and Middle Passage: Does Human Slavery

Exist Today?

U.S. History I

Chapter 1 Section 2

“The American Revolution”

Standards 1.1,1.2, and 9.3

The Birth of Colonial America• 1215: Magna Carta: King John: Limited King’s Power and protected

people’s right to own property and have a trial by jury• 1607: English Establish Jamestown in Virginia• House of Burgesses: Legislature elected by Virginia planters that

set up a relationship with a “Royal Governor” appointed by the King of England

• 1620: Mayflower Compact: Plymouth, MA: Set up “self-government” system.

• 1688: English Bill of Rights: William and Mary: Stated that the King could not raise taxes or build an army w/o Parliament’s consent.

• 1700’s: Enlightenment: Problems could be solved through human reason

• Social Contract: People give government its power and “permission” to rule over them. Government’s role is “to protect” the people. (John Locke and Montesquieu)

• 1740’s: Great Awakening: Religious Movement to “Revive” Church

Causes of the American Revolution• 1754-1763: French and Indian War: Britain and France were at war in Europe and it spread to

N. America. Native American’s also involved. BRITISH WIN• 1764: Sugar Act: British pass tax on imported sugar to pay war debt. Colonist resisted by

Boycotting British goods• 1765: Stamp Act: British tax all legal documents (Paper) Son’s of Liberty and Daughter’s of

Liberty Protest• 1766: Stamp Act repealed (Reversed)• 1767: Townsend Acts: Tax on many items in colonies. Colonist Boycott Again• 1770: Boston Massacre: British Troops kill 5 colonists during tax protest: Townsend Acts

Repealed• 1773: Boston Tea Party: Colonist protest Tea Tax by dumping Tea into Boston Harbor• 1774: Intolerable Acts: Britain “punished” colonies by imposing harsh measures: “writs of

assistance” (search w/o warrant) First Continental Congress Meets• 1775: Lexington and Concord: First shots of American Revolution fired.• New England raises militia: Minutemen: Patriot soldiers (New England’s Football Team?)• July 4th, 1776: Declaration of Independence: Philadelphia, PA: Thomas Jefferson

– “ That all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness…”

– What are Philadelphia’s NBA and NFL nicknames? – George Washington: Picked to lead the PATRIOT ARMY.

– 1781: Yorktown: Washington Defeated Cornwalis.– 1783: Treaty of Paris: U.S. gained independence and territory from The East Coast to the

Mississippi River

13 Colonies and U.S. Territory

U.S. History I

Chapter 1 Section 3“The Constitution”

1.1, 1.2, 9.2Washington, Jefferson, Madison, and Hamilton

Building a Constitution

• Articles of Confederation: Power remained with states: Kept Federal Government weak

• Northwest Territory: Land north of Ohio River: Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin. Slavery banned in territories.

• Shay’s Rebellion: Farmer’s rebelled to avoid foreclosures. Exposed weakness of Federal Government… something new was needed

The Constitution• 1787: James Madison: The Father of the Constitution• The Great Compromise: New Jersey Plan: favored small states

while the Virginia Plan favored large. Compromise was to set up a TWO level Federal Gov’t.

• Senate = each state received two (small state plan)• House of Representatives = based on population (big state plan)• 3/5ths clause for slaves• Ratify: Officially approve: 9 of 13 Colonies needed for approval• Federalists: Supported Constitution (Madison, Hamilton, Hay)

Federalist Papers• Anti-federalists: Against Constitution (Patrick Henry, Samuel

Adams) NO BILL OF RIGHT’S and GOVERNMENT WAS TOO POWERFUL

• 1789: Congress Passed Bill of Rights• 1791: Constitution Ratified • George Washington Became President

Principles of Constitution: The “Promise of America”

• Popular Sovereignty: People are source of Authority

• Limited Government Power• Federalism: State and Federal Gov’t SHARE

power• Separation of Power: Three Branches• Checks and Balances: Each Branch Checks

the Power of others• Representative Government: Citizens elect

people to represent them• Individual Rights: Constitution Protects certain

rights...speech…etc.

U.S. History I

Chapter 1 Sec 4

“The New Republic”

1.2, 9.3, 9.4Picture: Battle of Fallen Timbers 1794

Federalist vs. Republicans

• 1791: Hamilton and Federalists create “National Bank”• Jefferson and the Democratic Republicans challenged

Hamilton• Foreign Policy:• Alien Act: Made it harder for immigrants to become

citizens OR criticize the government• Sedition Act: Made it illegal to “discredit” a public official• Jefferson becomes president during the Revolution of

1800!• Marbury vs. Madison: Upheld Judicial Review: Gave

Supreme Court Power over President and Congress • (rule law unconstitutional)• 1803: Louisiana Purchase: Purchased from France

War of 1812• Impressment: British seized U.S. sailors and forced

them to serve in British Navy• Embargo: Suspend Trade with country (Britain)• 1811: With British Agitation: William Henry Harrison

battles with an Indian Confederation in Lafayette, Indiana (Tippecanoe)

• 1812: War began with Great Britain• 1814: Treaty signed to end war• *After Treaty: Andrew Jackson defeated British at New

Orleans: Becomes Hero!• 1823: Monroe Doctrine: European Monarchies had NO

BUSINESS interfering with American Republics!

Tippecanoe: November 1811

American Expansion: 1800-1850

• 1803: Louisiana Purchase: Doubled Size of U.S.• 1819: Spain cede Florida to U.S.• 1836: Texas won independence from Mexico (Alamo)

• 1846: Mexican American War (AZ, CA, NM, UT, NV)