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Page 1
0 000 1 1
DRAFT WORK PLAN
FOR RI/FS
ANTRIM IRON WORKS SITE
ANTRIM, MICHIGAN
prepared by
Environmental and Safety Designs, Inc
Memphis, TN
Job No.: 1025-001
July, 1984
TABLE OF CONTENTS
DRAFT WORK PLAN
TRANSMITTAL LBTTER
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Section >-. 0
i'.l
DRAFT MORE PLAN SUMMARY
Objectives of the Remedial Investigation and
Feasibility Study (RI/FS)
. 2 Scope of Work
3- Schedule
Section 2.0 PROBLEM ASSESSMENTi*''
2-. I Site History and Description
,2.2 Nature and Extent of the Problem
-2.3 Previous Investigations and Remedial Actions
.2,8 4 Environmental Settings
Section _>.0
J-. 1
3,« 2
3.3
SCOPE OF WORK
Introduction
Preliminary Remedial Investigation Activities
Task JL-1 Background Data Collection
Site Mapping
Quality Assessment Plan
Site Health and Safety Plan
Site Operations Plan Field Office
Subsurface Investigation of the Antrim
Iron Works Plant Site
Sampling and Analysis of Local Private
Wells (off-site)
Soil and Surface Water Sampling
Final Work Plans'
Remedial Investigation
Task 2-1 Hydrogeological Study
Task 2-2 Soil, Sediment and Water Sampling and
Analysis Program
Task
Task 1 ?
Task i *
Task s
Task 1 6
Task l
Task L-8
Task
TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)
DRAFT WORK PLAN
Task 2-3 Remedial Investigation Report
Task 3-1 Feasibility Study
Task 3-2 Conceptual Design
Task 3-3 Final Report
Section SUPPORT ACTIVITIES
Task -1 Meetings and Technical Support
Task £^*2: Community/Media Relations
Section >.t) PROJECT MANAGEMENT, COSTS, AND SCHEDULES
Project Management
Project Deliverables and Meetings
Cost Estimates
Project Schedule
Executive Summary
The following is a Draft Work Plan for the Remedial Investigation
and Feasibility Study of Alternatives for the Antrim Iron Works
Site (a.k.a. Tar Lake) in Mancelona, Michigan.
The Draft Work Plan has been prepared for Gulf+Western
Manufacturing Company, Inc. which apparently is the owner of aPes$tbf4--
portion of the site. Other^ owners include the Mancelona Chamber
of Commerce, J. H. Gilmer (private individual), Moeke Lumber, and
the Antrim Iron Works Company or its successors. A Remediby •& «'
Action Master Plan (RAMP) has been prepared for the site^\ TheDraft Work Plan is designed to implement the RAMP. Where
proposed tasks differ from the RAMP, the difference is clearly
noted.
1.0 DRAFT WORK PLAN SUMMARY
The following is a draft Work Plan for a Remedial Investigation
and Feasibility Study (RI/FS) of remedial alternatives for the
Antrim Iron Works Site (a.k.a. Tar Lake) in Antrim County,
Michigan. The Work Plan has been prepared as a draft due to
limited data available for detailed planning. The Draft Work
Plan therefore specifies: (1) actions already taken to acquire
site data; (2) actions required to prepare a Final Work Plan; and
(3) actions proposed to complete an RI/FS of the site.
The Draft Work Plan also includes a detailed schedule and budget
for the RI/FS. The overall format is:
* Work Plan Summary (Section 1)
* Problem Assessment (Section 2)
* Technical Approach (Section 3)
* Management Plan (Section 4)
* Costs and Schedule (Section 5)
The Draft Work Plan has been prepared for Gulf+Western
Manufacturing Company, Southfield, Michigan (G+W). The company
is the apparent owner of a portion of the site. The Draft Work
Plan assumes that overall Project Management will be performed by
G+W using specialized contractors. This assumption is made by
the Draft Work Plan authors for the purpose of developing a
Management Plan and should not be construed as a definite
commitment by G+W.
1.1 Objectives of the Remedial Investigation and Feasibility
Study (RI/FS)
The RI/FS objectives at the Antrim Iron Works Site are:
* to delineate the presence or absence of contamination at
the site;
1-1
to determine whether groundwater contamination has
occurred in the vicinity of the site, the areal extent
of such contamination; and the impact, if any, on nearby
private wells;
^ to identify a list of potential remedial actions for the
Antrim Iron Worka Site and evaluate applicability/
feasibility of these actions for remediation of site
contamination;
* to recommend the most appropriate remedial alternative(a)
to mitigate negative site impacts (on-site and/or
off-site); and
£/ to prepare a conceptual design and cost estimates for any
remedial alternative(s) chosen for implementation.
The first step in achieving these objectives is a Remedial
Investigation (site investigation) that will provide the data
required to determine the appropriate remedial action. The
Remedial Investigation will provide the technical information
regarding the nature of the contributing waste materials at the
site; the flow paths and impacts of contamination on various
media; the flow paths and impacts of contamination if no remedial
action is taken; and identify potential risks to the public
health and welfare and the environmental impacts of various
remedial action alternatives.
The second atep in the planning process is the Feasibility Study,
which utilizes the data and conclusions of the Remedial
Investigation to develop, evaluate, and select final remedials
actions. The final step is to develop the conceptual design of
the selected remedial actions.
1-2
1.2 Scope of Work
The Draft Work Plan proposes a four phase project, with
individual phases subdivided into specific tasks. The four
phases are:
Phase I - Activities Needed (or Completed) For Preparation of
Final Work Plan
Phase II - Site Remedial Activities
Phase III - Feasibility Study
Phase IV - Support Activities
All Phase I, II, and III tasks included in the Scope of Work are
described in Section 3, Technical Approach. Phase IV tasks are
described in Section 4, Management Plan.
The Scope of Work and associated technical approach are based
upon a series of assumptions, which are necessary due to the
limited data available on the site. Phase I tasks are designed
to eliminate as many of these assumptions as possible. The Final
Work Plan will therefore be prepared at the end of Phase I.
The technical approach, cost estimates, and schedule are based on
the following assumptions.
1. The area of investigation (definition of "site") has been
broadly defined to include Tar Lake, the fenced area
surrounding Tar Lake, the closed Mancelona landfill, Peckham
Lake, and Nelson Lake and surrounding land. Phase I tasks are
designed to yield sufficient data to determine the "site" more
scientifically.
1-3
,l» kef
1.3 Schedule
The area of the site is subject to severe weather conditions
during winter months. The proposed project schedule in Section 5
allows for up to three months of delay due to weather-related
conditions that prevent sampling activities.
2. Level D worker protection procedures are assumed for all /
tasks, except sampling/drilling on Tar Lake itself, where —
Level C is required.
3. G+W Manufacturing Company will provide a field
office/laboratory/safety office adjacent to the site.
4.' It is assumed that the EPA Contract Laboratory Program (CLP) J
will not be used; however laboratories chosen will meet
QA/QC requirements equivalent to the CLP. All data
generated will be documented so that traceability and
accountability are maintained.
5. It is assumed for purposes of the groundwater investigation
in Phase II that the direction of groundwater flow in the
unconfined aquifer is generally to the northwest.
Preliminary investigations under Phase I are intended to
confirm this assumption. * "~
6. The surface/subsurface soil sampling protocol in Phase II
assumes that the specific location(a) of waste generating
processes can be identified from 1938 aerial photography.
In the event that insufficient detail is available,
geophysical methods such as ground penetrating radar, may be
utilized.
1-4
2.0 PROBLEM ASSESSMENT
2.1 Site History and Description
The Antrim Iron Works Site is located in Antrim County, Michigan.
The site, shown in Figure 2-1, occupies 40+ acres just east of
Highway 131, approximately one mile south of Mancelona, Michigan
(population 1500). It is situated in a rural, undeveloped area
except to the northwest where the village of Antrim (population
540) is located.
From 1882 (source: Mancelona Herald, July 10, 1890) to 1945,
the site was the manufacturing location for companies producing
iron by the charcoal method. (Source: Mancelona Area Centennial
Commission). From 1882 to 1886, the site was occupied by the
John Otis Charcoal Iron Furnace Company. In 1886 the Antrim Iron
Works Company (AIWC) took over the site, and by 1890, AIWC
operated the world's largest charcoal furnace., AIWC produced
20,000 tons of iron annually, using hardwood charcoal made
on-site in kilns. In 1910 the company began producing charcoal^
in sealed retorts from which crude pyroligeneous liquor was crecovered. This liquor was then further processed into calcium
acetate, methanol, acetone, creosote oil, and wood tar. This/
secondary chemical manufacturing process produced a waste
equivalent to still bottoms which was discharged into a
depression on-site. This depression, now called Tar Lake,
received annually the waste aiii-L. bottoms generated from
45-50,000 cords of wood. The ?FrTTa~ce was closed in 1943. The
fgTTemlcal plarTt^ was closed in early 1944 and all AIWC operations ^-^j'^y
ceased in 1945 after which the company was placed in receivership
and the site was salvaged. The site received wood for tar
wastes, therefore, from 1910 to 1944.
No containerized wastes are present and no record of subsequent
waste discharges have been found. Current landowners include,
among others, G+W Manufacturing Company (a.k.a. Mount Clemens
Metal Products), the Township of Mancelona, Antrim Iron Works
Company or its successors and Moeke Lumber Co. The latter
2-1
K.I
ANTRIM
COUNTY
TAR LAKE ttTft
VICINITY MAP
C A L E IH MlllS
operates a lumber mill south of Tar Lake?) Figure 2-2 shows
propertyboundaries.The Township of Mancelona operated an
8-acre municipal landfill on the site for approximately eight
years (1961-1969). G+W has not utilized the site, except for two
warehouses located northwest of Tar Lake. These warehouses are
used to store machinery and parts for a plant located in
Mancelona, one mile north of Tar Lake (Source: G+W Manufacturing
Company).
The amount and type of wastes placed in the Mancelona landfill
are unknown. However, exposed portions of the landfill contain
drums and surface water in the landfill shows evidence of
leachate production.
It has been reported that Tar Lake caught fire in the 1960s and
burned for an unspecified period before being extinguished by
natural action.
The site itself is characterized by severe topographic relief
(see attached topographic map). No permanent or intermittent
streams are present and there appears to be no surface run-off
from the site. In addition to Tar Lake, the site contains many
//'large slag piles, piles of limestone, and ruins of AIWCi
operations. A strong chemical odor is present near Tar Lake. A
large sludge plume is evident on the west site of the lake.
Figure 2-2 shows site features and property boundaries.
2.2 Nature and Extent of the Problem
Data collection to date at the Antrim Iron Works Site and in the
surrounding area has been poorly coordinated. However, evidence
of off-site private well contamination by phenols was first
established in the 1940s and confirmed as recently as 1980.
Phenols are a typical "leachable" waste from wood tar waste
storage areas. Heavy metal contamination has also been
documented, although the source of these metals has not been
established. The apparent absence of surface run-off, the
evidence of existing off-site groundwater contamination, and the
2-3
0»«[« KCVH1 C . f H O I M t ' A
P » O C l » C * » C O
C « « t « H A h C E l C K A C K A M I t *
O F : e U I » t » C C
• I ' t • I BCII»
C* l ( * • - • • A B t ' A C T U * •! C O — -
C e i l * A B T I l M i«o i C O• A T ( « W I L L
L**D O W N E R S H I P
L A K E V I C I N I T Y
nature of the wood tar wastes have been considered in establish-
ing a tentative list of major environmental concerns for purposes
of the Draft Work Plan. The major concerns are:
* direct human contact with the wood tars in Tar Lake and
the associated sludge plume and contaminated soil;
* contamination of the unconfined aquifer on-site and
subsequent contamination of off-site drinking water wells;
* potential air quality problems due to the possibility of
a recurrence of the 1960s fire on Tar Lake; and
* potential for Tar Lake contaminants to enter the
environmental food chain due to exposure of flora and
fauna at the site.
2.3 Previous Investigations and Remedial Actions
A number of limited investigations of Tar Lake have been
conducted since 1949. A complete list may be found in the
Remedial Action Master Plan, April 30, 1984. A summary of
these investigations and findings is shown below.
1949 Eight private wells off-site were found to be contamin-
ated with phenols at low levels. One of the wells,
according to the owner, had been contaminated "for forty
years." Contaminated wells were located west and north-
west of the site.
1980 Elevated lead levels are found in several Mancelona area
wells.
1980 Analyses of Tar Lake sludge by MDNR exhibit heavy metals
and phenols.
1982 Monitoring wells (4) are installed at Tar Lake. Results
of analyses are reported as "inconclusive."
2-5
1983 Limited testing of Tar Lake performed by G+W. Results
showed high phenol levels but no detectable heavy metals \ \ £
-*s1984 Soil samples taken by G+W at the Mancelona landfill /
show Low levels of lead, phenols, trichloroethylene, L Leas*
xylene, benzene, methylene chloride, methyl isobutyl/ ^^
ketone and traces of chryaotile asbestos fibers. .-/
In general, existing data has been used only as indicators of
potential problems rather than as determinants for the Work Plan.
There have been two remedial actions to date on the site. In
1949, city water was extended to the Village of Antrim and much
of the surrounding area. Local residents indicate that only a
few homes continue to use groundwater. In 1984, G+W erected a
six foot woven-wire fence topped with barbed wire to secure Tar
Lake from unauthorized access.
2.4 Environmental Setting
An independent evaluation of the environmental setting has not
been performed for the Draft Work Plan. The following is
excerpted from the Remedial Action Master Plan as a basis for
Work Plan review.
Geology
The Coldwater Shale Formation represents bedrock in southern
Antrim County. In this part of Michigan, the Coldwater is
apparently a deltaic sequence consisting of carbonates developed
with the gray, micaceous shale. The driller's log from an
exploratory oil well indicates that the Coldwater shale in the
vicinity of Tar Lake is about 330 feet in thickness and composed
primarily of shale with some dolomite. The Coldwater shale are
early Miasiasippian age sediments, which like the underlying
sedimentary formations, dip gently to the southeast toward the
Michigan Basin.
2-6
At the site, about 400 feet of unconsolidated materials overlie
bedrock. These deposits are primarily Wisconsin age glacial
drift. The surficial material is glacial outwash composed ofsand and gravelly sand. Boring logs from groundwater wells
on-site indicate that the outwash deposits are at least 70 feet
thick. The vertical extent of the outwash deposits at the site,
as well as the stratigraphy of the remaining underlying glacial
drift, are unknown. The log from a Village of Mancelona water
supply well Indicates that a thick clay deposit exists below
approximately 100 feet of outwash deposit. However, the lateral
continuity and extent of this clay deposit is presently unknown.
Soils in the Tar Lake area fall predominately within the
taxanomic classification of two soil series; Kalkaska sand and
East Lake gravelly loamy sand. The Kalkaska and East Lake series
consist of somewhat excessively drained, rapidly permeable soil.
Hydrology
Tar Lake and the surrounding area are located within the Rapid
River drainage basin. Due to the very porous soils of the area,
drainage tends to be primarily internal with surface drainage
patterns being poorly developed. Any surface runoff occurring
around Tar Lake probably flows into the depressional area
occupied by the lake.
Two small lakes, Nelson and Peckham, are located within one-
quarter mile to the north and east of Tar Lake. The MDNR file
correspondence indicates that these two lakes and Tar Lake may be
over 70 feet deep. Their greater depths in relation to other
local pits may be the result of past sand excavation. (Actual
depth is unknown. Resistance was encountered at ca. 15 feet when
Tar Lake was probed in 1983).
Geohydrology
In Mancelona Township, groundwater is extracted from two
principal aquifers located within the glacial drift. The upper
2-7
aquifer is unconfined and located in relatively thick deposits of
glacial outwash composed of sand and sandy gravel. Well logs
indicate that these outwash deposits are about 100 feet thick.
An underlying aquifer is confined and located in sand deposited
within the less permeable, clayey glacial moraine material. The
drilling log from a Village of Mancelona well indicates that the
top of the confined aquifer is located about 150 feet below the
ground surface. The Village of Mancelona extracts groundwater
from both aquifers, while the majority of local residential wells
are located within the relatively shallow unconfined aquifer.
At the Tar Lake site the groundwater table in the unconfined,
glacial outwash aquifer is about 35 to 50 feet below the ground
surface. On September 24, 1980, a local developer sponsored a
survey of static water levels in residential wells near the Tar
Lake site. The survey indicated that the direction of ground-
water flow in the unconfined aquifer was toward the northwest.
Contamination of this aquifer, in the area surrounding Tar Lake,
was reported as early as 1949. In 1949, a Michigan Department of
Conservation study of residential wells indicated the unconfined
aquifer was contaminated with creosol, possibly extending up to 3
miles to the northwest from Tar Lake. The extent of phenol
contamination of the groundwater has been estimated by the
Michigan Water Resources Commission to be 3 miles long, 1/2-mile
wide, and 200 feet deep.
The vertical extent of the unconfined aquifer at the Tar Lake
site is unknown. The existence and water quality of any confined
aquifers underlying the unconfined aquifer at the site are also
unknown.
Air Quality
Air quality does not appear to be a problem at this time.
However, if Tar Lake catches on fire as it did in the late 1960s,
air quality could be a local problem.
2-8
Ecology
The Tar Lake site is located in the Hemlock-White Pine-Northern
Hardwoods region of Northern lower Michigan. Overall the
vegetation in the area around Tar Lake is characterized by upland
hardwoods (maple, beech, basswood), pine plantations, old field
communities and farmlands. The vegetative community probably
supports a large and varied wildlife population. Waterfowl
probably frequent the lakes and ponds (including Tar Lake) for
nesting, feeding and during migration. It is not known if
wildlife surveys of the area have been made. It is not known if
the lakes near Tar Lake are used as a recreational fishery.
Surveys of the lakes near Tar Lake for physical, chemical and
biological parameters are not available.
Soc ioeconomics
Estimates compiled for the Hazard Ranking System placed the total
population drinking well water within a three mile radius of Tar
Lake at about 3,000. Growth in the area has been primarily
single family homes built around the Village of Mancelona. A
small residentTal) housing development has been proposed on
property located within 1 mile to the southwest of Tar Lake.
Numerous residential homes are within 1/2-mile of the site. This
includes the community of Antrim which has a population of about500. / , 7 ~L_ _ _ _ , _ _ _ ^ *In 1977, (Ta facility plait^ was prepared for the Village of
Mancelona. \It indicated that no historical or archeological
sites on the
in the area.
National Register of Historical Places were located
2-9
3.0 SCOPE OF MORE
3.1 Introduction
The Antrim Iron Works Site Remedial Investigation and Feasibility
Study of Alternatives will consists of 17 tasks divided among
four major project phases as follows:
I. Preliminary Remedial Investigation Activities
II. Remedial Investigation
III. Feasibility Study
IV. Support Activities
The tasks from each project phase are described respectively, in
Sections 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, and 4.0, which follow.
Preliminary Remedial Investigation Activities will include the
collection and assessment of pertinent site data prior to
commencement of certain RI/FS tasks. Tasks are described in
Section 3.2. Work plans, including health and safety
requirements, quality assurance requirements, and^site operations
plan, will also be prepared. '\
The Site Remedial Investigation Activities will include those
activities necessary to determine the extent and nature of wastes
on site and the degree of environmental contamination. The site
investigation will produce data of adequate technical quality for
evaluation of remedial alternatives during the Feasibility Study.
The Remedial Investigation is described in Section 3.3.
The Feasibility Study will identify and evaluate the appropriate
remedial actions for the site, based on existing data and
information gathered during the Remedial Investigation. yThe most
cost-effective remedial alternative-^will be recommended.
*\tSt/
3-1
A conceptual design will be prepared for the selected remedial
alternative. Section 3.4 describes the Feasibility Study.
3.2 Preliminary Remedial Investigation Activities
The existing data on environmental contaminants on the Antrim
Iron Works Site is insufficient for the preparation of a Final
Work Plan. The tasks below (some of which have been initiated)
detail the activities needed to establish data for a Final Work
Plan.
Task 1-1 Background Data Collection
A search for background data has already been initiated for the
Antrim Iron Works Site. Sources surveyed and results are shown
below:
NASA/National Archives - A series of aerial orthophotographs of
the Tar Lake vicinity have been obtained for the years 1938,
1952, 1963, 1973, 1981. An infrared satellite photograph
from 1981 has also been obtained. These photographs depict
fe macro changes in the vicinity over the last 45 years. The
1938 photograph is particularly important since at the time
it was taken discharges were active.
Libraries (local) - Some historical data has been obtained
describing the locations on site of various waste generating
processes.
REMFIT/RAMP Sources - Photocopies of Tar Lake related EPA Region
V files have been obtained.
USDA/SCS - The soil survey of Antrim County has been obtained.
Additional information that has been identified but not yet
obtained includes:
State Health Dept. - 1976 and 1980 groundwater studies; localprivate well locations;
3-2
P.
Local residents - data on Antrim Iron Works Company activities
MDNR - previous Tar Lake studies, area EIS studies, etc.
Local Libraries - Tar Lake clippings, esp. 1960's fire.
Local well drillers - drilling logs and historical data.
Task 1-2 - Site Mapping
Site mapping activities have already been initiated on the site.
Three maps have been prepared to date:
* topographic map (copy attached) at a scale of 1" - 100",
2-foot contours. Features shown include lakes with eleva-
tions, sludge areas, fencing, nearby structures, access
roads, etc. wL larger area has been aerially surveyed for ,
later preparation of maps with a wider coverage^J'
* property boundary survey map, delineating land ownership
and boundaries.
* USGS 15 minute series topographic map (Mancelona Quad-
rangle), last revision in 1956. Scale 1:62500. (Map has
been photo enlarged to Scale 1:6250.)
Task 1-3 Quality Assurance Plan
The Quality Assurance Plan will detail: site-specific details
on sampling; field analyses; surveying; chain-of-custody; sample
handling, packaging, preservation; £$p>shipping; recordkeepping
and documentation. All sample collection, sample preservation,
and chain-of-custody procedures used during this investigation
will be in accordance with the standard operating procedures as
specified in the Water Surveillance Branch Standard Operating
Procedures and Quality Assurance Manual (draft); United States
Environmental Protection Agency, Region IV, Environmental
services Division, August 29, 1980. All laboratory analyses and
quality assurance procedures used during this investigation will
be in accordance with standard operation procedures and protocols
as specified in the Analytical Support Branch Operations and
3-3
Quality Assurance Manual; United States Environmental \
Protection Agency, Region IV, Environmental Services Division;
April, 1982 or as specified by the existing United States
Environmental Protection Agency standard procedures and protocols j
for the contract analytical laboratory program. J
Task 1-4 Site Health and Safety Plan
The site-specific health and safety requirements will be
identified for the AIWC Bite.
The purpose of the requirements will be to:
* Provide safety protection and procedures for site field
crews and subcontractors.
* Ensure adequate training and equipment to perform
expected tasks.
* Provide ongoiitffsite monitorTng"xjto verify preliminary
safety requirements and revise specific protection levels
as required.
* Protect the general public and the environment.
Based on available information, characterization of the hazards
present at the AIWC Site can only be approximated at this time.
The levels of protection determined during the field
reconnaissance will be modified in accordance with any new data
acquired in the course of the Remedial Investigation.
Task 1-5 Site Operations Plan and Field Office
A Site Operations Plan will be developed which outlines and
coordinates all activities at the site. The plan will be acompilation of study plans for individual field tasks and will
include the healtharxd—safety and quality assurance requirements
developed in pj ervTous tasks. xx y i 1 7r-l •—• ~~ 7 rf (KK{ V O/
3-4
Sampling locations for the soil, surface water, groundwater, and
sediment samples may be revised based on site data obtained
during the field reconnaissance and from detailed review of
existing reference sources. Permission from adjacent landowners
for access and sampling will also be obtained under this task.
^G+W Manufacturing Company's Stamping Division Plant in Mancelona
has agreed to provide a Field Office in the warehouse located
adjacent to the site gate. This office will be equipped with
utilities, sample holding and processing area, a first aid area,
and secure equipment and sample storage areas.
Task 1-6 - Subsurface Investigation of the Antrim Iron Works
Plant Site
The possibility exists that there are buried tanks, pits and
other structures on the Antrim Iron Works Plant site. A
combination of geophysical techniques was proposed in the RAMP to
gather additional data to assess these potential sources of
contamination. The proposed techniques included a magnetometer
fe (MT) survey and a ground penetrating radar (GPR) survey.
While both of these techniques may have substantial merit, an
alternate method of preliminary study is proposed for the
processing and storage area ruins of the Antrim Iron Works site.
Stereo areal photographs have been obtained that show the Antrim
Iron Works as it appeared on August 04, 1938. Construction of an
original site topographic map from these photographs will |
delineate the position and approximate elevation of tanks,
vessels and structures that existed on-site. This map should
provide sufficient detail to guide the soil sampling program such
that the GPR survey would not be required. In the event that
1938 map is judged to be either incomplete or inaccurate, GPR
will be used to delineate the extent of buried undergroundJ f
structures. ,-'- r-
3-5
The use of a magnetometer survey >Mf) on this site is not
recommended. High levels of. -^ambient magnetic noise are
anticipated because of the/large quantities of metallic Pig
iron, iron scrap, sla Ti iron ore and other ferromagnetic
materials discarded &£ this site. Soil contamination originating
from .Jt-p-yfoTigneous' liquor processing and refining will be
investigated in relation to specific structures, to be identified
on 1938 aerial photography. Tsoil^ borings^ will be drilled to
sample for contamination starting at \he level of original ground
(rather than the present elevation of rill), and will be confined
to the old chemical processing area located west of Tar Lake and
east of Hwy. 131.
Task 1-7 - Sampling and Analysis of Local Private Wells
(off-site)
The contamination of local water supply wells presents a
potential hazard to human health by direct contact and ingestion
of contaminated groundwater. To determine if such a threat
exists, a survey will be conducted to verify the locations of_
private residential, commercial and industrial wells within a
(i/mile radius of the Tar Lake site and to determine the nature
and frequency of their use. Additional wells, up to 3 miles'
northwest of the site, will also be included in the survey.
Sampling and an analysis will be performed to evaluate the
immediate need to provide alternative water supplies. These
analyses will also provide background data on ambient water
quality, both upgradient and downgradient of the site. The
monitoring program may continue during site remedial activities
and beyond, perhaps at a reduced scale, depending on the results
of the initial testing program.
All private well sampling and testing will conform to guidelines]
contained in the User's Guide to the U.S. EPA Contract Laboratory
Program (CLP), prepared by the Sample Management Office of CLP
and published August 1982. All groundwater samples are expected
to be "low concentration" samples according to CLP criteria.
3-6
Groundwater samples will be analyzed for pH (field measured),
conductivity (field measured), inorganic and organic parameters
as defined by the/^PACLP^and for low concentrations of PAHs andtetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin.
The secondary objective of this task will be to establish
regional groundwater flow direction(s) and gradient(s), sourcesof hydraulic stress due to pumping (from high capacity municipal
or industrial wells) and other information necessary to locate
monitor wells for the off-site groundwater study. To accomplish
this goal, water level elevations and well depths will be
measured in selected wells. ^ / ~n*~*^ P- U>( -» ts» a* UJSffts <xs» at*£ A <* 3 *
Data from this survey will be utilized to construct a piezometric ~>
map of the groundwater table, and to construct elsgpTethesg:^snowing
chloride, phenol, and other significant parameters. Vertical
movement of the contaminant plume will be addressed insofar asthe data will allow, and interruptions to the natural groundwater
flow system will be identified. A monitor well installationprogram will be developed from this information.
The qroundwater sampling and analysis efforts should be closely
coordinated with the Michigan DNR and any of its ongoing
groundwater monitoring work. It is also expected that the
District Health office will assist in locating wells and incommunity support of this task.
To provide an Order-of -Magnitude cost estimate for this task it
was assumed that 16 residential wells will be sampled once andanalyzed. *
Task 1-8 Soil and Surface Water Sampling
During this preliminary investigation; a series of soil,
sediment, and surface water samples will be collected. These
samples will provide an approximation of contamination at the
site and will be used to select principal study areas for theFinal Work Plan. The following will be included:
3-7
*
*
*
*
*
*
Tar Lake surface water - 2 samples
Tar Lake sediments - 2 samples
Tar Lake sludge plume - 2 samples
AIWC site surface soils - 20 samples
Mancelona landfill water - 2 samples
Mancelona landfill surface soils - 10 samples
Peckham Lake water - 2 samples
Peckham Lake bottom sediments - 2 samples
Nelson Lake water - 1 sample
Nelson Lake bottom sediment - 2 samples
Quality Control - 5 samples
These samples will be analyzed for organic and inorganic
parameters. Areas showing significant positive results will be
sampled more intensively during the Final Work Plan
implementation.
Task 1-9 Final Work Plan
At the completion of all preliminary site activities, a Final
Work Plan will be prepared which will incorporate the results of
the Preliminary Activities. It is expected that the Final Work
Plan will be sharply reduced in scope and will focus on those
areas/media showing environmental contamination.
3.3 Remedial Investigation
The tasks outlined below for the Remedial Investigation will be
part of the implemented Final Work Plan. The objectives of the
Remedial Investigation at the Tar Lake Site are as follows:
* To delineate the lateral and vertical extent of groundwater
contamination originating from the Tar Lake Site.
* To determine the chemical species that comprise groundwater
contamination and their probable sources at the Tar Lake
Site.
~)
3-8
To determine the need and viability for aquifer restoration
at the Tar Lake Site.
To determine the direct pathways for groundwater contam-
ination at the Tar Lake Site.
To evaluate the viability of a no-action alternative for
remediation of contamination at the Tar Lake Site, including
an assessment of risks associated with the no-action
alternative.
To identify a list of remedial actions for the Tar Lake Site
and the evaluate their appropriateness/applicability in
remediating site contamination.
To recommend the most appropriate remedial alternative(s)
to mitigate the potential threats from on-site and/or
off-site contamination.
To prepare a conceptual design for any remedial alterna-
tive(s) chosen to be implemented at the Tar Lake Site.
Task 2-1 - Hydroqeologic Study. A hydrogeologic study will be
performed to evaluate the subsurface geology, water-bearing
formations and groundwater flow. This information is required to
determine:;
* The horizontal and vertical extent of any contaminant
plume that may be present.
* The ability of the site and local geology to prevent
pollutant migration.
* Groundwater and aquifer characteristics pertinent to
design and implementation of remedial actions.
3-9
Available groundwater information including well data will be
reviewed by a geologist before initiating field work. Sources of
additional data include the USGS, State Department of Natural
Resources, local well drillers, the County Board of Health and
other nearby sites.
A geologist will visit the site to evaluate surface features,
identify locations of existing wells, and new monitoring well
locations.
An off-site geophysical study has been proposed in the RAMP. The
proposed study would consist of approximately 71,000 feet of
electrical resistivity surveying. Three parallel lines would be
extended northwest of the site for a distance of about 2i miles
each; six perpendicular transects would then be surveyed at right
angles from the other 3 lines, forming an orthogonal grid.
Electrical resistivity readings could be taken either by
conventional (ER) ground contact equipment, or electromagnetic
(EM) induction equipment.
We believe that the off-site geophysical survey would not result
in any usable information being generated concerning definition
of the groundwater contamination plume. Several limitations of
the electrical resistivity method apparently were not considered
during preparation of the RAMP.
1. Both the ER and EM methods rapidly loose sensitivity as a
function of increasing depth to the ground water table,
because they represent the average electrical resistivity
of an infinite half-space. With the water table at an
average depth of 60 feet below ground surface, small
changes in fluid conductivity (of groundwater) may be
easily masked by stratographic changes in the overlying
soil, such as clay lenses.
2. Clay lenses have been reported on well logs in the area,
and are believed to exist in shallow glacial deposits.
Major, random interferences to the electrical resistivity
3-10
data should be anticipated as a result of clay lenses,
which would render results of the survey very "noisy."
3. Groundwater contamination from the Tar Lake site is
apparently limited to relatively low concentrations of
phenolics, other organics and certain "heavy metals".
Groundwater contamination is not present in the form of
electrolytes that would significantly alter electrical
conductivity of the aquifer. Although groundwater
contaminated by organic compounds may not be potable at
the 10 - 100 part per billion level, there is little
probability that the contamination plume can be defined
on the basis of its electrical resistivity (or
conductivity) properties.
The electrical conductivity properties of groundwater, both
within and beyond the contaminated plume, will be confirmed by
direct measurement during the Preliminary Hydrogeologic
Reconnaissance Survey (Task 1.7).
Subsurface conditions at the Tar Lake Site have not been
adequately defined to date. There is little data concerning
lithology, groundwater levels, and groundwater flow directions in
the site area. The only groundwater monitoring points currently
available are local domestic wells and three "upgradient"monitoring wells installed by an EPA contractor in 1982. A
subsurface investigation will be conducted and will consist of
the drilling and installation of up to 28 shallow monitoring
wells in the unconfined aquifer (60 - 80 feet deep) and up to 6
deep monitoring wells in the confined aquifer (150 - 180 feet
deep).
A phased approach for monitoring well installation will be
utilized. The on-site program will be implemented first,
followed by the off-site program. The off-site wells will be
installed following an interpretation of preliminary subsurface
data. The decision to install the additional wells can be made
following an evaluation of geologic data.
3-11
This investigation will provide adequate information on
subsurface conditions, including lithology, groundwater levels
and flow directions in both the unconfined and confined aquifers,
contaminant migration through the groundwater; and the source(s)
of contamination. Data gathered through this investigation will
be used in the Feasibility Study to assess various remedial
options.
The initial on-site monitor well installation program will
consist of 9 shallow monitor wells drilled into the unconfined
aquifer. These will include a line of 6 monitor wells drilled
300 feet apart along the western boundary of the site, and are
intended to delineate contaminated plumes originating from Tar
Lake, the Mancelona sanitary landfill, or other undefined
pollution sources that may exist on the site. One monitor well
will replace EPA Well No. 4 (destroyed by vandals) close to Tar
Lake, and another will be placed immediately west at a small pond
(possibly, a remnant of the original Tar Lake) adjacent to the
inactive sanitary landfill. Finally, one monitor well will be
placed on the southeast corner of the site, presumably up-gradi-
ent from all pollution sources associated with the Tar Lake site.
Three deep monitor wells will be installed in the confined
aquifer, at a depth of 150 to 180 feet. These will be placed in
a triangular pattern to ascertain the groundwater flow direction,
which may be different from flow directions in the overlying
unconfined unit. Locations tentatively selected include west of
Tar Lake (beneath the apparent contaminated plume), north of Tar
Lake (south of the Mancelona Municipal Well Field), and the
southeast (upgradient) corner of the site. These tentative well
locations we illustrated on the attached topographic map.
The off-site groundwater monitoring program will consist of
approximately 20 shallow wells and 3 deep wells. All of these
will be drilled in the downgradient direction(s) to augment data
available from farm wells, domestic wells, springs and on-site
monitor wells. Locations will be determined after completion of
Task 1-7.
3-12
Typical monitoring-well designs are shown in Figure 3-1. The
exact location and construction details of each well will be
determined in the field by the site hydrogeologist based on
background information and information gained throughout the
course of the drilling activities.
The conceptual plan for groundwater monitoring in the unconfined
portion of the aquifer is illustrated on Figure 3-2. A clay
aquitard (inferred from the Mancelona City Well Drilling Record)
is thought to exist at the Tar Lake Site, creating a lower
confined aquifer system. Wells drilled into either the lower
portion of the unconfined aquifer system or any portion of the
confined aquifer system are illustrated by the deeper well
construction plan, shown on Figure 3-1.
Pressure vacuum lysimeters will be installed in 7 shallow auger
borings, advanced 10 to 20 feet below the bottom of the
historical (1938) bottom area of Tar Lake. These borings will
provide sludge samples, soil samples and leachate samples to
assist in the analysis of Tar Lake as a contamination source.
Subsurface investigation costs were based on drilling and
installing six deep and 28 shallow monitoring wells, and 7
clusters consisting of 2 lysimeters, each. This has been to
prevent field delays resulting from the need to seek a contract
modification during drilling activities.
Groundwater monitoring wells will be constructed to comply with
applicable federal, state, and local agency regulations. All
well drilling and installation will be logged and inspected by a
qualified geologist. Procedures are:
* All drilling equipment, casing, and materials will be
decontaminated before drilling.
* Soil borings will be drilled with an eight-inch (nominal
diameter) hollow-stem auger. Standard penetration tests
and split-spoon sampling will be performed every five
3-13
3-14
M O N I T O R-..
PECKMAM LAKEGROUND VMATER
•>
GROUND WATERFLOW D ' « E C T \ O K 1
CONTAMINATED XGROUND WATER -/PLUME
HYPOTHETICAL OOMTAMIHATION
PATHWAY MOOIL
feet or lithology change, or as directed by a site
geologist, throughout the drilling process. The split
spoon samples taken will be stored in moisture-tight
jars. After the boring is advanced to the target depth,
a section of 2-inch flush joint PVC casing will be
installed, equipped with either a 5 or 10 foot section of
machine slotted PVC well screen. The shallow borings will
be extended to approximately 10 feet below the
encountered groundwater table and screened 6 to 8 feet
below the water table surface. Having some portion of
well screen above the water table will allow for the
sampling of immiscible fluids having a low specific
gravity (such as gasoline, oil or aromatic hydrocarbons),
as well as soluble substances that are dissolved in
groundwater.
* The deeper borings will be equipped with a 5-foot section
of well screen and set either immediately above or below
the confining clay aquitard (if present).
* All well screens will be constructed of 15 to 20 slot
size PVC screen, and will be developed in a natural sand
pack that results from the collapse of formation soil
around the screen, as the auger is withdrawn. Bentonite
pellets will be used to seal the portions of each
borehole that pass through clay aquitards, as directed by
the on-site geologist. An artificial sand pack will be
extended above the water table to approximately a depth
of 20 feet, or the first impermeable strata encountered
above the water table. A slurry of cement and bentonite
will be pumped into the annulus between the well casing
and the borehole to seal the well casing from external
leakage. Approximately 4 feet of stick-up will be leftabove the ground surface to facilitate sample collection
in winter conditions, and a protective steel casing with
locking cap will be installed to minimize damage from
vandal ism.
3-16
* Upon completion, each well with be flushed with fresh
water to remove fines, and to ensure optimum hydraulic
communication with the aquifer. Flush water remaining in
the casing will be removed by bailing or by a temporary
bladder pump.
* Drilling equipment shall be decontaminated between
boreholes to prevent cross contamination. A portable
steam generator will be maintained on-site and used to
clean the augers, samplers,drill rods and all downhole
tools before, between and after holes are drilled for
this project.
* A measuring point will be established at the top of each
PVC well casing. This point will be marked and surveyed
to establish the elevation (to 0.01 feet, plus or minus)
with respect to a permanent benchmark.
* Hydraulic Conductivity tests should be performed on
selected shallow monitoring wells. Tests may be "rising
head" or "falling head" hydraulic conductivity tests, or
pumping tests. Rising head tests involve the removal of
a known volume of water and measurement of the rate of
recovery of the water level over time. Falling head tests
involve the addition of a known volume of water and
measurement of the recovery of the water level over time.
Pumping tests will involve measuring the rate of drawdown
in response to pumping a well at a constant rate for a
period of time. At the conclusion of each pumping test,
the rate of recovery of the pumping and observation wells
will be measured to gain additional data on aquifer
characteristics. The site geologist will determine which
tests to run based on site conditions.
* An individual bladder pump will be installed in each
monitor well to expedite purging of stagnant casing water
and to facilitated sample collection.
3-17
* Representation soil samples will be tested in the
laboratory to aid in soil classification.
Soil borings will be advanced in the old Tar Lake bottom area by
means of a machine auger, hand-held power auger or wash borings,
as site conditions permit. These borings will be advanced to a
depth of 10 to 20 feet and adequately cased (as necessary) to
prevent inflow by liquids or semi-liquid sludges.
Soil samples will be obtained at changes in strata or on 5-feet
intervals, as directed by our geologist. A 2-inch split barrel
sampler driven by either a 140 Ib. drop weight or a hand operated
60 Ib. drive weight will be used to collect soil samplers. Soil
samplers will be preserved in glass jars and records will be kept
by the site geologist, same as for the monitor well borings .After
the target zone is reached, a pressure-vacuum soil water sampler
(lysimeter) will be emplaced in the borehole by embedding the
porous cup in diatomacious earth. The remainder of the lysimeter
barrel will be covered with sand, followed by a 50 Ib. plug of
dry bentonite powder. A cement - bentonite - sand slurry will be
used to fill the remainder of the borehole, to the ground
surface. In the event that double lysimeter installations are
placed in relatively deep holes, each lysimeter unit will be
backfilled with clean sand and separated by a bentonite clay
plug.
A hydrogeologic report of the site will be prepared to provide
documentation of data obtained during drilling and installing
wells. This report will include hydrogeologic profiles, aquifer
conditions, laboratory tests results, a plot plan boring logs,
and conclusions. To provide an Order of Magnatude cost estimate,
the following assumptions were made:
* About 3120 linear feet of soil drilling, casing and
installation of wells.
3-18
Shallow wells, approximately 75 ft. deep:
8 on-site
20 off-site
Deep wells, approximately 170 ft. deep:
3 on-site
3 off-site
* 37 Bladder pumps will be installed (three in existing EPA
wells, 34 in proposed monitor wells).
* Sixty soil samples will be analyzed for soil
classification.
* 10 pressure-vacuum lysimeters will be emplaced in 7
boreholes. About 150 linear feet of soil drilling will
be needed to install the lysimeters.
Following installation and development of the monitoring wells, a
sampling and analysis program will be conducted. It is intended
to provide groundwater quality data that will characterize and
define the location of a contaminant plume. This data will be
used to plan further remedial investigations or to select
alternative remedial actions.
Groundwater levels will be monitored in all monitoring wells
quarterly for 1 year. One groundwater sample will be collected
from each existing and new monitoring well. The elevation of the
groundwater surface in each exploratory hole or monitoring well
will be recorded at the time of sample collection. The results
from initial set of groundwater samples and the groundwater
levels will be evaluated and the groundwater sampling program
reviewed and the level of effort for the task may be revised.
When sampling, wells will be pumped until temperature, pH, and
electrical conductivity values are constant, or a minimum of 5 to
10 well volumes have been pumped and the well allowed to recover
before samples are taken.
3-19
The groundwater sampling and testing will be closely coordinated
with the MDNR and any of its ongoing groundwater monitoring work.
Groundwater samples will be analyzed for temperature (field
measured), pH (field measured), conductivity (field measured),
the inorganic and organic parameters defined by the EPA CLP, low
concentrations of PAH's and TCDD. Analytical parameters will be
reduced after first round sampling. A technical memorandum
summarizing the sampling and analysis program will be prepared to
present the test results and to evaluate the extent of
contamination.
Task 2-2 - Soil, Sediment and Water Sampling and Analysis
Program
The objective of sampling and analyzing the surface soil,
sediment, and water is to collect data on the depth, areal
extent, and concentration of hazardous constituents at potential
source areas on the site; to determine infiltration rates of the
near-surface soils; and to determine the degree of off-site
migration of contaminants. Before any soil samples are
collected, the site physical features and results from the
subsurface study will be examined and the scope of work refined
to set actual sample locations.
Soil sampling locations will be selected following an examination
of the original site map, to be constructed using 1938
orthophotography. Drilling locations and target depths will be
established for each of the areas formerly occupied by major
processing or storage facilities at the Antrim Iron Works.
Soil borings will be drilled with an eight-inch (nominal
diameter) hollow-stem auger. Standard penetration tests andsplit-spoon sampling will be performed. The split spoon samples
3-20
will be taken both for lithological logging and for chemical
analyses; 6-inch segments will be stored in moisture-tight jars.
After the boring is advanced to the target depth, each boringwill be backfilled with auger spoil.
Soil samples will be retained in the field office. Those samples
selected for testing will be preserved and shipped to the
chemical laboratory for analysis.
For purposes of estimation, we anticipate that approximately 10
soil borings will be drilled to an average depth of 25 feet each.
The uppermost 6-inch grab sample below original grade (beneathrecent fill soil) will be analyzed for the organic and inorganic
parameters defined by the U.S. EPA CLP. The test results will be
required to evaluate off-site disposal of contaminated soils at a
landfill. Samples taken at depths below 6 inches will be
analyzed only if significant concentrations of contaminants are
detected in the preceding (overlying) sample. Levels of "signi-
ficance" will be set by an appropriate regulatory agency. For
the purpose of cost estimating, it has been assumed that a total
of 80 soil and 10 quality control samples will require analysis.
An additional phase of soil sampling and analysis may be
advisable to more closely define the areal or vertical extent of
contamination in the general site area. The appropriate amount
of additional work cannot be predicted at this time. For cost
estimating purposes, it has been assumed that one-third the
effort expended in carrying out the previously described soil
work will be required for the additional work.
Field permeability tests will be conducted to determine infiltra-
tion rates of the near-surface soils. The infiltration rates may
be used to approximate the on-site vertical rechare or to evalu-
ate the effectiveness of placing an impermeable cover system over
portions of the site. Six duplicate infiltrations tests will be
run at locations across the site (three contaminated and three
noncontaminated areas), using a single-ring infiItrometer or
similar device.
3-21
The cost estimate assumes 60 soil samples will be analyzed.
Extraction procedure toxicity tests are assumed for half of these
samples.
Samples of sludge from Tar Lake will be obtained in 6 to 9
locations, utilizing 2-inch diameter PVC pipes. Ten-foot long
sections will be thrust into the pond bottom using the weight of
a 2-man drill crew, capped to initiate a vacuum for sample
retention, and having the drill crew pull out the sample by hand.
Each pipe sample will be capped, wiped clean (using a hexane
solvent, if necessary) and labeled. These samples will be cut
into smaller pieces at the field laboratory, and stored on-site.
Aliquots will be removed for chemical analysis as necessary.
Holes made in the sludge by pipe sample removal will be cased
with 4-inch PVC pipe, (gently) driven with a cushioned drive
weight or a gasoline powered jackhammer to "refusal", and washed
clean using a potable water flush. A split barrel sampling
spoon, driven with a 60 Ib. drop weight, will be used to sample
the lower part of the pond sediment, to confirm the boundary
between sludge and the soil bottom. These borings will not
penetrate more than a few feet into the lake bottom except for
those borings where lysimeters are to be installed. All sludge
borings will be grouted closed using a cement-bentonite slurry,
immediately upon completion. The 4-inch PVC casings will not be
removed to assure that the grout plug will not become diluted
with water or contaminated by sludges.
After the nature of the interface between sludge and soil is
ascertained by pipe samples and wash borings, simple probes will
be driven to "refusal" to delineate the bottom of Tar Lake. A
section of open-end drill rod will be driven using a 60 Ib drive
weight, than removed by hand. The probes will not be taken below
contaminated and three noncontaminated areas), using a
single-ring infiltrometer or similar device.
3-22
Core samples from the upper 15 cm of sediment will be collected
for each general location where surface water samples are taken.
For cost estimating purposes, it was assumed that the following
number of sediment samples will be collected and analyzed from
each area.
Tar Lake 12
Nelson Lake 2
Peckham Lake 2
Quality Control _3_
Total 19
Water samples will be taken by Van Porn sampler at Peckham Lake
and Nelson Lake. Two samples from each lake, one at surface and
one at depth, will be taken. Tar Lake contains a shallow pool of
water overlying toward tar wastes. No depth sample of water will
therefore be taken. If during the preleminary tasks, one or more
surface run-off areas are found, surface run-off samples will be
attempted during heavy rainfall.
All sampling and testing will conform to guidelines in the User's
Guide to the U.S. EPA Contract Laboratory Program (CLP), prepared
by the Sample Management Office of CLP and published August 1982.
All samples are assumed to be low or medium concentration samples
according to the CLP criteria.
All soil and sediment samples collected will be analyzed for
organic and inorganic parameters as defined by the U.S. EPA CLP.
A soil, sediment, sampling and analysis technical memorandum will
be prepared that summarizes the data from the field work,
presents the analytical results and gives a preliminary
evaluation of the data.
Task 2-3 Remedial Investigation Report
At the conclusion of the data collection phase of the technical
approach, a draft Remedial Investigation Report will be prepared.
3-23
The Remedial Investigation Report will consist of the following:
(a) environmental assessment - this report, also called an
endangerment assessment, identifies the hazardous substances
on-site which pose environmental/health risks and the "at
risk" receptors. The assessment also describes pathways
from by which the hazardous substances may reach receptors
and sufficient background information to estimate the level
of impact on receptors. This assessment becomes the basis
for evaluating the effectiveness of alternative remedial
measures. The assessment will be prepared as per
"Endangerment Assessment Guidance", (draft) May 1, 1984.
(b) summary of all data developed during the study, including a
reduction of this data, and identification of data gaps.
(c) a proposed list of remedial action alternatives for
evaluation; and a comparison of those alternatives based on:
costs (capital and operational); effectiveness; and
engineering feasibility.
Task 3-1 Feasibility Study
After selection of 'most probable' remedial alternatives, a
Feasibility Study will be prepared. Alternatives and
technologies identified in Task 2-3 will be evaluated using the
following criteria:
* Technical feasibility
* Environmental and public health impacts
* Cost
* Administrative and institutional factors
* Implementability
Evaluation and ranking of the candidate remedial measures will
result in a narrative presentation of the most desirable
alternatives. The degree to which each remedial measure
3-24
satisfies the project objectives will be assessed and discussed.
Each of the proposed remedial measures will be evaluated by the
criteria developed during the Remedial Investigation.
Costs will be determined for each of the remedial alternatives. A
Feasibility Study will then be prepared.
Where appropriate, data necessary to substantiate the past
performance and reliability of the proposed remedial measures
will be provided.
Decisions about evaluation criteria will be made during the
review meetings before any remedial measure evaluation.
Information to be included in the Feasibility Study Report will
include:
* Supporting references on the feasibility of the remedial
measures chosen for evaluation.
* Justification for the elimination of any alternative
during initial screening of alternatives.
* Acceptable engineering practices related to the design
and implementation of the remedial measures chosen for
evaluat ion.
* Specific procedures and supporting data used to evaluate
each remedial measure for the evaluation criteria.
* The expected environmental and public health effects of
the remedial measure alternatives.
* Preliminary conceptual drawings and sketches used to
evaluate each remedial measure.
* The cost estimates for each remedial measure with
appropriate references provided.
The report will be prepared in a format that will be agreed upon
in the preliminary review meetings. All documents collected in
the remedial measure evaluation will be organized in a project
file and will be available for later reference.
3-25
The draft report will be used by the EPA, the State, and the
responsible parties to select the remedial measure(s) to be
implemented. As a result of the cumulative comments from the
EPA, the State, responsible parties, and the public, a Record of
Decision (ROD) will be prepared by the EPA Regional Site Project
Officer to identify the chosen remedial measure(s) to be
implemented at the AIWC Site. The contractor will provide the
necessary assistance and/or documentation for preparation of the
ROD.
Task 3-2 - Conceptual Design
A conceptual design of the selected remedial measure will be
prepared for use in subsequent development of the detailed
construction plans. The conceptual design will be based on the
findings of the Remedial Investigation, laboratory and field
studies, and the remedial measure evaluation.
The conceptual design plan, which will include general arrange-
ment drawings and suggestions for the construction specifica-
tions, will accompany the final Feasibility Study Report. This
report will also contain site information needed for construction
design, such as test boring logs, borehole testing data, ground-
water conditions, and sampling analysis.The conceptual design
plan will include the following:
* The selected engineering approach with implementation
schedule;
* any special implementation requirements;
* applicable design criteria;
* preliminary site layouts;
* budget cost estimates including operation and maintenance
cost figures; and
* operation and maintenance requirements.
3-26
Task 3-3 - Final Report
A final report will be prepared for submission to the EPA MDNR,and PRP's. The report will include a summary of the results of
the Remedial Investigation and Feasibility Study and will present
the data and conceptual design drawings for the chosen remedial
measure(s ) .
The final report may include but will not be limited to:
* Summary of assessment of contamination;
* Summary of remedial measure evaluation;
* Supporting data for chosen remedial measure(s);
* General arrangement drawings of remedial measure(s);
* Typical geologic and design cross-sections;
* Data from treatability studies necessary for final
design; and
* Preliminary cost estimates.
3-27
4.0 SUPPORT ACTIVITIES
The following tasks are not directly related to the RI/FS
technical approach but are usually considered integral to the
process.
Task 4-1 - Meetings and Technical Support
For cost estimating purposes it is assumed that six meetings will
occur during the course of the project at which contractor
support/attendance will be required. One meeting has been held
at the site to date. Others are expected at the end of
significant review periods and possibly in support of community
participation activities.
In addition this task has been budgeted to include periodic
contractor involvement to support decision-makers during the
RI/FS. Requests for such support and/or meeting attendance will
be made through the designated G+W Project Officer.
Task 4-2 - Community/Media Relations
No specific tasks for community relations support have been
budgeted. It is expected that PRP's, EPA, and MDNR will develop
a protocol for community/media relations. Technical support for
these activities has been budgeted under Task 4-1. No budget
allowance has been made for audio-visual or text preparation for
public meetings.
4-1
5.0 PROJECT MANAGEMENT, COSTS, AND SCHEDULES
5.1 Project Management
Due to uncertainties associated with Potentially Responsible
Party (PRP) initiated RI/FS projects, a detailed management plan
for the overall project has not been prepared. Uncertainties /
include the relationship between state and federal oversight ,
agencies, relationship of these agencies to the PRP's and roles• i ft
of various PRP's themselves. — ') •f ,Technical Project Management will be organized as follows: »
PROJECT MANAGER - Responsibilities include client interface,
cost tracking, and control, schedule main-
tenance, preparation of deliverables.
PROJECT GEOLOGIST - Responsible for all subsurface, groundwater,
and geological tasks. Reports to Project
Manager.
PROJECT ENGINEER - Responsible for engineering phases of the
Remedial Investigation and for performance of
the Feasibility Study and cost estimates.
Registered in Michigan.
PROJECT CHEMIST - Responsible for design and implementation of
sampling plans, interface with laboratory, and
QA/QC on analyses.
G+W PROJECT OFFICER - Responsible for monitoring project
performance, interface with RPA/MDNR,
and community/media relations.
Figure 5-1 illustrates the overall technical management of the
RI/FS.
5-1
G+WProjectOfficer
EPAMDNR
Community
Project MGR
EnSafe, Inc.
SubcontractorsProjectEngineer
Geology
S&ME, Inc.
ProjectChemist
Laboratory
(not selectedStaff Resources
FIGURE 5-1
RI/FS Technical Management
5.2 Project Deliverables and Meetings
The following project deliverables and meetings are planned;
TASK 1 Preliminary Meeting (Complete)
Draft Work Plan (Attached)
Topographic Maps (Partially Complete)
Quality Assurance Plan
Health & Safety Plan
Site Operations Plan
Preliminary Activity Report
Final Work Plan
Meeting to review final work plan
TASK 2
TASK 3
Soil, Sediment, and Water Report
Hydrogeologic Study Report
Endangerment Assessment
Remedial Investigation Report (Draft)
Remedial Investigation Report (Final)
2 meetings
Feasibility Study Work Plan
Feasibility Study
Conceptual Design Report
2 meetings
5.3 Cost Estimates
The following cost estimates have been prepared based upon
assumptions and conditions contained in the Technical Approach.
No estimates have been made for experts- inci 1 directly by
G+W, EPA, MDNR. A steriak indicates ts a incurred.
TASK NO.
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
Bkgrd Data, Draft Work Plan,
Mapping
Quality Assurance Plan
Health & Safety Plan
;TIMATE$ 12,460*
6,000*
1,270
1,270
5-3
1-5 Site Operations/Field Office NA
1-6 Subsurface Investigation 1,000
1-7 Off-site well sampling 8,900
1-8 Soil & Surface Water Sampling 9,500
1-9 Final Work Plan 1,300
TASK 1 SUBTOTAL: $ 41,700
2-1 Hydrogeologic Study
drilling, lysimeters, borings $142,000
subsurface investigation 10,000
sampling and analytical (on-site) 32,000
sampling and analytical (off-site) 15,000
2-2 Soil, Sediment, and Water Study 29,200
2-3 Remedial Investigation Final Report 5,000
TASK 2 SUBTOTAL: $234,000
3-1 Remedial Alternatives Review 13,700
Laboratory Studies 8,000
Feasibility Study 34,800
3-2 Conceptual Design 6,000
TASK 3 SUBTOTAL: $ 62,500
4-1 Included in other tasks NA
PROJECT SUBTOTAL: $338,200
CONTINGENCY (15%): 50,800
PROJECT TOTAL: $389,000
5.4 Project Schedule
The AIWC Site project schedule is complicated by two variable
factors: mown length i?(r report r v periods ' severe
winter we; c conditions art* the site. A. note spec project
schedule wi. i be develop .fter the l > t Work PI 'as been
reviewed and project review times are determined. Allowing for
approximately 30 days review on major deliverables, the following
schedule is proposed. (Figure 5-1.)
5-4
Lr.I
PHASE 1
Draft W. P. & Mapping Completed
QA/Hi>S/Site Ops. Plans
Field Office Set-up
Subsurface Investigations
Off-Site Well/Soil/SurfaceWater Sampling
Final Work Plan
PHASE 11
Hydrogeologic Study
Well Sampling & Analysis
Soil /Sediment /Water Study
Remedial Investigations Report
PHASE 111
Alternatives Review
Feasibility Study
Conceptual Design
WEEK MO 0
A= Deliverable Sept.
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Antrim Iron Works RI/FSProposed Schedule
