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U.S. Economic Outlook
Charlie Dougherty, Vice President & EconomistSeptember 18, 2018
Economic Outlook 2
-10%
-8%
-6%
-4%
-2%
0%
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4%
6%
8%
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-8%
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4%
6%
8%
10%
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020
U.S. Real GDP Bars = CAGR Line = Yr/Yr Percent Change
GDP - CAGR: Q2 @ 4.2%GDP - Yr/Yr Percent Change: Q2 @ 2.9%
Forecast
Economic Growth Expected to Accelerate in 2018
After a slow start, real GDP rebounded strongly in the
second quarter.
We expect the economy to continue to expand and grow nearly 3 percent for the year.
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce and Wells Fargo Securities
Economic Outlook 3
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00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
U.S. Nonfarm Employment ChangeChange in Employment, In Thousands
Monthly Change: Aug @ 201K12-Month Average Change: Aug @ 194K
Employment Situation: Employment Growth Strong
Hiring has had a strong start to the year, continuing the steak of
90+ months of positive gains.
Source: U.S. Department of Labor and Wells Fargo Securities
Economic Outlook 4
59%
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64%
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11%
78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18
Unemployment v. Labor Force Participation16 Years and Over, Seasonally Adjusted
Unemployment Rate: Aug @ 3.9% (Left Axis)Labor Force Participation Rate: Aug @ 62.7% (Right Axis)
Employment Situation: Tightening Labor Market
The unemployment rate has fallen considerably over the
course of the recovery.
Strong employment growth has also helped counter the
downward pressure on labor force participation from an
aging population.
Source: U.S. Department of Labor and Wells Fargo Securities
Economic Outlook 5
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
6%
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
6%
97 99 01 03 05 07 09 11 13 15 17
Average Hourly Earningsvs. Atlanta Fed Wage Growth Tracker; 3-MMA of YoY % Chg.
Atlanta Fed Wage Growth Tracker: Jul @ 3.3%Average Hourly Earnings (Prod. & Supervisory): Jul @ 2.7%Average Hourly Earnings (Total Private): Jul @ 2.7%
Workers’ Earnings Drift Upward
Wage growth has picked up modestly but remains a missing
piece to the recovery thus far.
Earnings have been limited by lower-skilled workers entering
the workforce and Baby Boomers beginning to retire.
Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta and Wells Fargo Securities
Economic Outlook 6
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4%
6%
8%
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Real PCE vs. Real Disposable IncomeYear-over-Year Percent Change
Real PCE: Jul @ 2.8%Real Disposable Income: Jul @ 2.9%
Income Growth
Stronger employment and wage growth has boosted incomes and supported consumer spending.
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce and Wells Fargo Securities
Economic Outlook 7
Consumers
The recovery in household wealth has helped to fuel consumer confidence and
spending
Source: Federal Reserve Board, Conference Board and Wells Fargo Securities
0
20
40
60
80
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120
140
160
$50
$100
$150
$200
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$300
90 93 96 99 02 05 08 11 14 17
Household Net Worth vs. Consumer ConfidenceThousands of 2009 Dollars, Index
Real Per Capita Net Worth: Q1 @ $270,797.6 (Left Axis)Consumer Confidence: Q2 @ 126.9 (Right Axis)
Economic Outlook 8
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5%
-2%
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0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020
PCE Deflator & "Core" PCE DeflatorYear-over-Year Percent Change
PCE Deflator : Q2 @ 2.2%"Core" PCE Deflator: Q2 @ 1.9%
Forecast
Inflation
Inflationary pressures have increased recently and are now
at the Fed’s 2 percent benchmark.
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce and Wells Fargo Securities
Economic Outlook 9
Interest Rates
The Fed is expected to hike rates two more times this year, bringing the fed funds rate closer to a more “normal” level and flattening the yield curve.
0.0%
1.0%
2.0%
3.0%
4.0%
5.0%
6.0%
7.0%
0.0%
1.0%
2.0%
3.0%
4.0%
5.0%
6.0%
7.0%
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020
Federal Funds Target RateUpper Bound, Percent
Federal Funds: Q2 @ 2.00%
Forecast
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Freddie Mac and Wells Fargo Securities
Interest RatesMonetary Policy
0.0%
0.5%
1.0%
1.5%
2.0%
2.5%
3.0%
3.5%
4.0%
4.5%
0.0%
0.5%
1.0%
1.5%
2.0%
2.5%
3.0%
3.5%
4.0%
4.5%
Wells Fargo Rates ForecastThrough 2020
Q4 2020Q4 2019Q4 2018
Economic Outlook 10
Federal Fiscal Policy Outlook
Key Tax Law Changes
Individual Tax Code Changes• Bill slashes marginal tax rates across the
board• Limits state & local income and property
tax deductions to $10,000• Pass-throughs would be allowed to deduct
up to 20 percent of income• Doubles the standard deduction and the
child tax credit• Caps mortgage interest deduction at $750K• Doubles the estate tax exemption• Keeps the Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT)
but lifts the threshold to $500K• Maintains several deductions including
medical expenses, student loans and private activity bonds (PABs)
• Repeals Obamacare individual mandate• Individual cuts expire on December 31,
2025
Business Tax Code Changes• Permanently reduces the corporate tax
rate to 21% from the current 35% federal rate starting in 2018
• Corporate AMT repealed• Business interest expense deductions
are capped at 30 percent of EBITDA for 4 years and 30 percent of EBIT thereafter
• The bill allows for full and immediate expensing of business capital investments. This provision expires in five years.
• Ends the current worldwide corporate tax system by switching to a territorial system. Existing profits held abroad are taxed at 15.5 percent for cash and cash equivalents and 8 percent for reinvested foreign earnings.
Economic Outlook 11
$0
$50
$100
$150
$200
$250
$300
$350
$0
$50
$100
$150
$200
$250
$300
$350
FY 2014/2015 FY 2016/2017 FY 2018/2019
Increase in BCA Budget Caps Billions of USD
Defense SpendingNondefense Spending
Federal Fiscal Policy Outlook
The budget deal reached in February provides additional
fiscal stimulus to the U.S. economy
Source: Congressional Budget Office and Wells Fargo Securities
Economic Outlook 12
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$400
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
U.S. Federal Budget BalanceBillions of Dollars
Federal Budget Balance: FY 2017 @ -$665.8BWF Forecast: FY 2018 @ -$775.0B
Budget Deficit
The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, budget deal and mandatory spending have the deficit on
track to breach $1 trillion while the economy is still in an
expansion
Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury and Wells Fargo Securities
Economic Outlook 13
-40%
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-20%
-10%
0%
10%
20%
30%
-40%
-30%
-20%
-10%
0%
10%
20%
30%
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020
Real Business Fixed InvestmentBars = CAGR Line = Yr/Yr Percent Change
Non-Res Fixed Invest - CAGR: Q2 @ 8.6%
Non-Res Fixed Invest - Yr/Yr Percent Change: Q2 @ 7.0%
Forecast
Business Investment
Business fixed investment growth should be bolstered by
tax reform, an area that has lagged outside of the tech and
energy sector.
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce and Wells Fargo Securities
Economic Outlook 14
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0%
2%
4%
6%
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18
ISM Manufacturing Index & Real GDPIndex, 3-Month Moving Average, Year-over-Year Percent Change
ISM Manufacturing Index: Aug @ 59.9 (Left Axis)Real GDP, Year-over-Year Percent Change: Jun @ 3.0% (Right Axis)
Business Activity
Underlying manufacturing activity continues to look strong,
supporting the case for solid economic momentum.
Source: Institute for Supply Management and Wells Fargo Securities
Economic Outlook 1515
Small Business Optimism
Small business optimism spiked following the presidential election and remains at an all time high. Business owners have become much less worried about the regulatory environment.
Source: National Federation of Independent Business (NFIB), Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs and Wells Fargo Securities
Small Business ConcernsSmall Business Optimism
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18
NFIB Small Business OptimismOverall Index 1986 = 100
Small Business Optimism: Jul @ 107.9
0
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700
800
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16
Major New Regulatory Changes Number of Rules Reviewed By the OIRA Each Year
Clinton ObamaBush Trump
15
Economic Outlook 16
Global Growth
Global growth continues to be solid. Although many central banks have started to hike rates, monetary policy remains accommodative, which should keep the global expansion intact.
-1.5%
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3.0%
4.5%
6.0%
7.5%
-1.5%
0.0%
1.5%
3.0%
4.5%
6.0%
7.5%
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Real Global GDP GrowthYear-over-Year Percent Change, PPP Weights
Period Average
WFForecast
Source: International Monetary Fund, Federal Reserve Board and Wells Fargo Securities
The DollarGlobal Growth
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
65
70
75
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85
90
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100
105
110
115
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020
Trade Weighted DollarMajor Currency Index, 1973 = 100
Trade Weighted Dollar: Q2 @ 90.0
Forecast
Economic Outlook 1717
Trade
Source: International Monetary Fund, OECD, United Nations, U.S. Department of Commerce and Wells Fargo Securities
U.S. Industry ExposureU.S.-China Export Exposure
0%
4%
8%
12%
16%
20%
0%
4%
8%
12%
16%
20%
U.S. China
Bilateral Export ExposurePercent
Percent of Total Exports (2017)Percent of Value Add (2016)
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
Ag. & OtherPrimary Products
AerospaceProducts/Parts
Motor VehiclesProducts/Parts
Chemicals
Exports by IndustryChina Share of Exports vs. Exports Share of Gross Output, 2016
Exports to China/Total ExportsExports Share of Gross Output
Trade tensions continue to escalate. China appears to have more to lose if a full-blown trade war were to develop, but such an event would not be costless for the United States
Economic Outlook 18
-1,500
-750
0
750
1,500
2,250
3,000
3,750
50%
55%
60%
65%
70%
75%
80%
85%
66 69 72 75 78 81 84 87 90 93 96 99 02 05 08 11 14 17
U.S. Homeowners vs. RentersPercent; Annual Change in Occupied Units, In Thousands
Renters: 2017 @ -183.7K (Right Axis)Homeowners: 2017 @ 1,109.3K Right Axis)Homeownership: 2017 @ 64.2% (Left Axis)
Household Formation
Household formation has improved over the past few years but generally remains
below prior decades. Still, the homeownership rate appears to
be reversing course.
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce and Wells Fargo Securities
Economic Outlook 19
Home Sales
Low inventories and high prices have restrained sales so far in
2018. Demand should continue to be strong and keep activity
trending higher.
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
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7.0
8.0
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1.4
1.6
04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Existing & New Single-Family Home SalesBoth Series in Millions of Units, Seasonally Adjusted Annual Rate
New Home Sales: Jul @ 0.6 Million (Left Axis)SF Existing Home Sales: Jul @ 4.8M (Right Axis)
Source: National Association of Realtors, U.S. Department of Commerce and Wells Fargo Securities
Economic Outlook 20
Lack of Inventory Pushing Prices Higher
Although starting to rise, mortgage rates are still relatively cheap. More of an issue is the shortage of inventory pushing up prices, especially in the West where shortfalls are most acute.
13.0%12.8%
10.7%8.3%
7.4%7.2%7.1%
6.9%6.9%
6.4%6.4%
5.8%5.7%5.7%
5.2%5.2%5.1%
3.8%3.3%
2.9%
6.0%6.3%6.2%
0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14%
Las VegasSeattle
San FranciscoDenver
Los AngelesPhoenixBoston
San DiegoTampa
MinneapolisDetroit
PortlandCharlotte
AtlantaDallasMiami
ClevelandNew York City
ChicagoWashington, D.C.
C-10C-20
National HPI
S&P CoreLogic Case-Shiller Home PricesYear-over-Year Percent Change, NSA
June 2018
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Freddie Mac and Wells Fargo Securities
Mortgage RatesHome Prices
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
10%
13%
16%
19%
22%
25%
28%
90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18
Mortgage Payment vs. Mortgage RatePrincipal & Interest Payment as a Percent of Income
6 Month Moving Average: Jun @ 16.9% (Left Axis)Mortgage Payment as Percent of Income: Jun @ 18.5% (Left Axis)30-Yr. Conventional Mortg. Rate: Jul @ 4.53% (Right Axis)
Economic Outlook 21
0.0
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2.1
2.4
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1.8
2.1
2.4
80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18 20
Housing StartsMillions of Units
Multifamily StartsMultifamily ForecastSingle-Family StartsSingle-Family Forecast
Forecast
Single-Family Starts Are Gaining Momentum, as Apartments Begin to Moderate
The housing market is at a key turning point where the
momentum will shift more toward single-family
construction.
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce and Wells Fargo Securities
Economic Outlook 2222
Housing Permits
Houston & Dallas continue to be the leader in single-family housing permits. Multifamily construction is concentrated in large cities, however is spreading towards smaller and more
affordable markets.
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce and Wells Fargo Securities
MultifamilySingle Family
0 5 10 15 20 25
Jacksonville, FL
Los Angeles, CA
Riverside, CA
Raleigh, NC
Denver, CO
Nashville, TN
Tampa, FL
Washington, D.C.
Charlotte,NC
Orlando, FL
Austin, TX
Phoenix, AZ
Atlanta, GA
Dallas, TX
Houston, TX
Single-Family Housing Permits by MSAYear to Date, Total Number of Permits in Thousands
June 2018
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0
Tampa, FL
Houston, TX
Boston, MA-NH
Washington, DC-VA-MD-WV
Phoenix, AZ
San Francisco, CA
Austin, TX
Atlanta, GA
Chicago, IL-IN-WI
Miami, FL
Seattle, WA
Denver, CO
Los Angeles, CA
Dallas, TX
New York, NY-NJ-PA
Multifamily Housing Permits by MSAYear to Date, Total Number of Permits in Thousands
May 2018
Economic Outlook 23
Construction Constraints: Higher Costs
Tariffs on lumber and steel have pushed up prices, however strong demand has caused building material prices to rise across the board. A shortage of skilled labor is putting upward
pressure on overall construction wages.
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60%
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Construction, Lumber & Steel PricesYear-over-Year Percent Change, 3-Month Moving Average
Softwood Lumber: Jul @ 19.3%Steel Mill Products: Jul @ 11.7%Construction Materials: Jul @ 7.8%
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce and Wells Fargo Securities
Higher Labor CostsHigher Material Prices
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Employment Cost Index: ConstructionYear-Over-Year Percent Change
Employment Cost Index: Construction: Q2 @ 3.2%
Texas Outlook
Wells Fargo Economics 25
Year-over-Year Employment Growth: July 2018
The West Coast is growing solidly, led by
the gains in the tech sector. The Southeast is
also doing well thanks to a relatively low cost of
living.
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce and Wells Fargo Securities
Wells Fargo Economics
Employment Growth by MSA
Boston
Atlanta
Miami
Los Angeles
San Francisco
Dallas
Houston
Philadelphia
Charlotte
Seattle
Chicago
Minneapolis
San Diego
TampaSt. Louis
Baltimore
New York
San Jose
Las Vegas
Washington, D.C.Richmond
Detroit
Phoenix
-1%
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
0.0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0% 3.5%
3-M
onth
Ann
ualiz
ed P
erce
nt C
hang
e
Year-over-Year Percent Change
U.S. Employment Growth by MSA3-Month Moving Averages, July 2018
Percent of Total EmployeesLess than 4%4% to 6%More than 6%
Expanding
Decelerating
Source: U.S. Department of Labor and Wells Fargo Securities
Economic Outlook 27
-6%
-4%
-2%
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18-6%
-4%
-2%
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
Texas Real GDP Growth vs. U.S. Year-over-Year Percent Change
Texas: Q1 @ 4.2%United States: Q1 @ 2.6%
Texas GDP
The Texas economy regained a lot of ground in 2017, rebuilding
momentum lost following the plunge in oil prices around the
middle of the decade.
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce and Wells Fargo Securities
Economic Outlook 2828
Texas Employment
The Texas job market is back to firing on all cylinders. Recent improvement have been broad-based across many industries and regions, which should keep payroll growth strong.
Source: U.S. Department of Labor and Wells Fargo Securities
Employment by IndustryEmployment
-6%
-4%
-2%
0%
2%
4%
6%
-6%
-4%
-2%
0%
2%
4%
6%
90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18
Texas Nonfarm Employment3-Month Moving Averages
QCEW: Yr/Yr Pct. Change: Mar @ 2.0%Nonfarm: Yr/Yr Pct. Change: Jul @ 3.0%United States: Aug @ 1.6%
July 2018
-5% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20%
Information
Nat. Res. and Mining
Other Services
Construction
Financial Activities
Manufacturing
Leisure & Hospitality
Prof. & Bus. Svcs.
Educ. & Health Services
Government
Trade, Trans. & Utilities
Total Nonfarm
Texas Employment Growth By IndustryYear-over-Year Percent Change, 3-MMA
Number of Employees
Less
More
Wells Fargo Economics 29
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
6%
7%
8%
9%
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
6%
7%
8%
9%
90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18
Texas Unemployment RateSeasonally Adjusted
Texas Unemployment Rate: Jul @ 4.0%12-Month Moving Average: Jul @ 4.0%
Unemployment Rate
The Texas jobless rate has recovered from the upward
spurt caused by the oil downturn, and now sits at a near
record low. A tightening labor market has caused a shortage of
skilled workers.
Source: Baker Hughes, Inc., Bloomberg LP and Wells Fargo Securities
Economic Outlook 30
Texas Employment by Metropolitan Area
Corpus Christi
College Station
Beaumont
Houston
San Antonio
Dallas
Longview
AustinBrownsvilleMcAllen
Waco
El Paso
Fort Worth
Lubbock
Amarillo
Killeen
Tyler
Laredo
-3%
-2%
-1%
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
6%
7%
-2% -1% 0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5%
3-M
onth
Ann
ualiz
ed P
erce
nt C
hang
e (3
MM
A)
Year-over-Year Percent Change
Texas Employment Growth by Metro3-Month Moving Averages, July 2018
Total Nonfarm EmploymentMore Than 2.5 Million1 - 2 Million150 - 320 ThousandLess than 150 Thousand
Recovering Expanding
Contracting Decelerating
Source: U.S. Department of Labor, U.S. Dept. of Commerce and Wells Fargo Securities
Wells Fargo Economics 31
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Dallas-Fort Worth, TXPhoenix, AZ
Tampa, FLAtlanta, GA
Charlotte, NCAustin, TX
Las Vegas, NVSan Antonio, TX
Orlando, FLRiverside, CA
Seattle, WAJacksonville, FL
Nashville, TNRaleigh, NC
Portland, ORSacramento, CA
Columbus, OHDenver, CO
Kansas City, MOMinneapolis, MN
Metro Area Net Domestic Migration: Top 20Thousands, 2017
Net Migration
Several Texas metros continue top the list of destinations for
state-to-state movers.
Source: Baker Hughes, Inc., Bloomberg LP and Wells Fargo Securities
Economic Outlook 32
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1,000
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Energy Extraction-Related Jobs and Active Rigs: TXThousand Jobs, Baker Hughes Rotary Rig Count
Mining, metal & machinery manuf.: Jul @ 481K (Left Axis)Active rotary rigs: Jan @ 525 (Right Axis)
Energy Sector
The rebound in commodity prices since early 2016 has supported new investment
spending. However, extraction-related employment has not returned to prior peak levels.
Source: Baker Hughes, Inc., Bloomberg LP and Wells Fargo Securities
Economic Outlook 33
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Dallas Fed Manufacturing ActivityDiffusion Index
Dallas Fed Outlook of General Business Activity: Jun @ 36.5
Manufacturing
Texas manufacturers continue to report expanding activity,
however tariffs and uncertainty surrounding trade policy are
creating headwinds.
Source: U.S Department of Commerce and Wells Fargo Securities
Economic Outlook 34
$0
$10,000
$20,000
$30,000
$40,000
$50,000
$60,000
$70,000
$80,000
$90,000
$100,000
$0
$10,000
$20,000
$30,000
$40,000
$50,000
$60,000
$70,000
$80,000
$90,000
$100,000
98 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18
Texas ExportsIn Millions of Dollars
Exports: Q2 @ $80,673.8Year-over-Year Percent Change: Q2 @ 24.3%
Exports
Firmer commodity prices are also boosting exports, as oil and gas exports nearly doubled last year. Trade is vital to the Texas
economy, with exports accounting for roughly 15 percent of total economic
output.
Source: U.S Department of Commerce and Wells Fargo Securities
Economic Outlook 3535
Tech and Financial Activities
Tech sector employment has moderated recently, with stronger growth outside of Austin. Financial activities employment also continues to expand at a pace ahead on the nation.
Source: U.S. Department of Labor and Wells Fargo Securities
Financial ActivitiesTech Sector
-12%
-8%
-4%
0%
4%
8%
12%
16%
20%
-12%
-8%
-4%
0%
4%
8%
12%
16%
20%
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Professional, Scientific and Tech EmploymentYear-over-Year Percent Change, NSA
Austin: Jul @ 3.0%Rest of Texas: Jul @ 4.4%
-6%
-4%
-2%
0%
2%
4%
6%
-6%
-4%
-2%
0%
2%
4%
6%
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Financial Activities Employment GrowthYear-over-Year Percent Change, 3-Month Moving Average
United States: Jun @ 1.5%Texas: Jun @ 2.5%
Economic Outlook 36
0
50
100
150
200
250
0
50
100
150
200
250
90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18
Texas Housing PermitsThousands of Permits, Annual Rate
Single-Family: May @ 138,636Single-Family, 12-MMA: May @ 119,364Multifamily, 12-MMA: May @ 57,211
Single-Family Average (1998-2003): 110,689
Texas Housing
Homebuilding moderated somewhat last year, however
Texas remains the largest market for new residential construction, supported by
strong employment and population growth.
Source: U.S Department of Commerce and Wells Fargo Securities
Economic Outlook 37
33%
14%
13%
12%
10%
8%
7%
6%
5%
4%
-1%
-4%
-13%
-25% -5% 15% 35%
Beaumont
Houston
Forth Worth
Austin
McAllen
Texas
United States
Dallas
Midland
Brownsville
San Antonio
Corpus Christi
El Paso
Texas Building PermitsYear-over-Year Percent Change of 12-Month Moving Average
July 2018
Housing Activity by Metro
Houston, Dallas, and Austin continue to lead both the state
and nation in terms of new homebuilding.
Source: U.S Department of Commerce and Wells Fargo Securities
Economic Outlook 3838
Texas Home Prices
Housing affordability is a major advantage for Texas. Relatively low land costs and an entitlement process that works closely with builders helps keep the housing market in balance.
Source: CoreLogic and Wells Fargo Securities
Home Price Growth by MSAHome Price Index
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18
CoreLogic HPI: TX vs. U.S.Index, 2000=100, Not Seasonally Adjusted
United States: Jul @ 203.6
Texas: Jul @ 187.4
8.7%
6.8%
6.2%
5.5%
5.4%
5.4%
4.9%
4.6%
4.1%
3.4%
3.4%
0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14%
Fort Worth DMSA
San Antonio
U.S.
Dallas DMSA
Houston
Texas
El Paso
Austin
McAllen
Midland
Corpus Christi
Core Logic Home PricesYear-over-Year Percent Change
July 2018
Economic Outlook 39
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
82 85 88 91 94 97 00 03 06 09 12 15 18
Texas Leading Economic IndexIndex, 1987= 100, Seasonally Adjusted
Texas Leading Index: Jan @ 129.9
Texas Outlook
Texas has strong momentum headed into the second half of
2018 and we are looking for Texas to continue to grow
solidly over the next couple of years.
Source: The Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas and Wells Fargo Securities
Appendix
Economic Outlook 41
U.S. Economic Forecast
Wells Fargo U.S. Economic Forecastq 3 2 01 8
2018
2016 2017 2018 20191Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q
Real Gross Domestic Product 1 2.2 4.2 3.1 2.8 2.6 2.9 2.6 2.4 2.2 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.6 2.2 2.9 2.8Personal Consumption 0.5 3.8 2.9 2.8 2.2 2.9 2.6 2.5 2.1 2.2 1.8 1.7 2.7 2.5 2.6 2.7Business Fixed Investment 11.5 8.5 6.8 5.1 4.7 4.9 4.4 4.0 3.7 3.6 2.9 2.8 0.5 5.3 7.4 5.2
Equipment 8.5 4.4 6.9 4.3 3.8 4.2 3.7 3.1 2.7 2.6 2.1 2.0 -1.5 6.1 7.7 4.3Intellectual Property Products 14.1 11.0 7.1 5.2 4.8 5.3 4.7 4.6 4.7 4.6 3.7 3.6 7.5 4.6 7.5 5.6Structures 13.9 13.2 7.0 7.0 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.5 -5.0 4.6 6.8 6.7
Residential Construction -3.4 -1.6 2.0 4.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 6.5 3.3 0.9 4.0Government Purchases 1.5 2.4 3.4 2.9 2.2 1.4 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.1 1.4 -0.1 1.7 2.1Net Exports 2 0.0 1.2 -1.2 -0.6 -0.3 -0.5 -0.3 -0.2 0.0 -0.2 0.1 0.1 -0.4 -0.4 -0.2 -0.4Inventories 2 0.3 -1.0 1.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.6 0.0 0.0 0.2
Nominal GDP 1 4.3 7.6 4.6 5.0 5.3 5.5 5.2 4.8 4.4 4.3 4.0 4.4 2.7 4.2 5.2 5.3Corporate Profits Before Taxes 3 5.9 7.7 8.0 6.2 5.6 1.8 0.5 -0.8 -1.6 -2.2 -2.6 -3.4 -1.1 3.2 6.9 1.7
Forecast as of: September 12, 20181 Compound Annual Growth Rate Quarter-over-Quarter 2 Percentage Point Contribution to GDP 3 Year-over-Year Percentage Change
Forecast2020
Actual2018
Forecast2019
Actual
Source: IHS Global Insight and Wells Fargo Securities
Economic Outlook 42
Economic Outlook Group Publications
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A Sampling of Our Recent Special, Regional & Industry Commentary
Date Title AuthorsU.S. Macro
August-10 Recession Update: Should We Worry? IqbalAugust-07 Tax Reform 2.0: The Sequel Bryson, Pugliese & KinnamanAugust-03 The Animal Spirits Index A Update Iqbal & VaiseyAugust-01 FOMC Remains on Hold, But More Rate Hikes Clearly on the Way BrysonAugust-01 The Low-Skill Labor Crunch House & Vaisey
U.S. RegionalAugust-06 Colorado Economic Outlook: August 2018 Vitner
July-19 California Payrolls Flat in June Vitner & DoughertyJuly-19 Solid Gain for Texas Payrolls in June Vitner & DoughertyJuly-19 North Carolina Job Growth Picked Up Considerably in June Vitner & DoughertyJuly-19 Florida Employment Ramps Up in June Vitner & Dougherty
Global EconomyAugust-10 In Japan, Still Waters Merit Attention to Any Ripple QuinlanAugust-10 U.K. Mid-Year Economic Outlook Bryson & Kinnaman
July-31 Taiwanese GDO Growth Tops Expectations in Q2 Bryson & PuglieseJuly-31 Eurozone Mid-Year Economic Outlook Bryson & KinnamanJuly-30 Swedish GDP Grew Strongly in Q2-2018 Bryson
Interest Rates/Credit MarketAugust-01 Corporate Loans in a World of Rising Rates Silvia & Vaisey
July-25 Household Balance Sheets Remain Solid in Q1 Silvia & KinnamanJuly-18 Is Credit Growth Driving Economic Growth? Silvia, Iqbal, Kinnaman & SeeryJuly-11 The Flattening Yield Curve: To Worry or Not to Worry? Silvia, Iqbal & SeeryJune-27 Rising Rates and Corporate Balance Sheets: The Long View Silvia & Kinnaman
Real Estate & HousingAugust-09 Housing Remains in the Slow Lane Vitner, Dougherty & HonnoldJune-29 Housing Chartbook: June 2018 Vitner & DoughertyJune-12 Q1 CRE Chartbook: Property Prices Vitner, Dougherty, Carmichael & VaiseyMay-02 Tax Reform: Regional Real Estate Impact Vitner & DoughertyApril-19 Southern States: 2018 Economic Outlook Vitner, Feik & Carmichael
To view any past research please visit: www.wellsfargo.com/economics
Recent Special Commentary
Economic Outlook
Wells Fargo Securities Economics Group
43