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US Army Corps of Engineers
BUILDING STRONG®
Latest Technologies from ERDC
Dr. Alfred F. Cofrancesco
Technical Director
Engineer Research and Development Center; Vicksburg, MS
February 2010
US Army Corps of Engineers
BUILDING STRONG®
BUILDING STRONG®
What is CHARTS? Coastal Hydrographic Airborne Rapid Total Survey Unique combination of bathymetric and terrestrial LIDAR
and hyperspectral imagery Products: mapping quality topo-bathy elevations, RGB
orthomosaics, calibrated hyperspectral cubes
BUILDING STRONG®
•Funded by HQ• Initiated in FY2004•Collect lidar elevation and imagery data to support regional sediment management
•5-year national cycle•Focus on sandy shorelines•Annual planning meetings•Districts•PDT•Other agencies
USACE National Coastal Mapping Program (NCMP)
BUILDING STRONG®
2004Post-hurricane 20042005Post-hurricane 20052006-2008Post-hurricane 20082009-2010
USACE NCMP Surveys and Products
Available data products:• ASCII xyz
• RGB mosaics
• Zero contour
• 1-m bathy/topo DEMs
• LAS format topo
• 1-m bathy/topo bare earth DEMs
• Hyperspectral mosaics
• Laser reflectance
• Basic landcover classification
BUILDING STRONG®
Description
Sensors Maturity*
RGB Hyper-spectral
LIDAR (bathy/topo)
Plant species discrimination (Invasives)
X X O
Terrestrial vegetation stress/health status
X D
Wetland delineation X X X O
Shallow water benthic habitat mapping
X X D
Water Quality Assessment X X D
Erosion studies X X O
* O=operational, D=developing, P=potential
Environmental Applications of CHARTS Data (1)
BUILDING STRONG®
Environmental Applications of CHARTS Data (2)
Description
Sensors Maturity*
RGB Hyper-spectral
LIDAR (bathy/topo)
Forest canopy mapping X X X O
Submersed aquatic vegetation mapping
X D
SAV species discrimination
X X P
Regulatory violations X X O
* O=operational, D=developing, P=potential
BUILDING STRONG®
Automated Thermal IR Videographic Census Technique
for Bats in Flight
Bruce M. Sabol, Eddie Melton - U.S. Army ERDC, Vicksburg, MS
Robert R. Currie - USFWS, Ashville, NC
SBDN_Sabol_08
BUILDING STRONG®
Censusing Endangered Bats in Flight Develop
standardized methodology for automated detection, tracking, and counting of bats in flight using lowest cost equipment possible
BUILDING STRONG®
Methodology OverviewMethodology Overview
• Video rate thermal infrared
• Fixed field of view
• Stationary background
• Video rate thermal infrared
• Fixed field of view
• Stationary background
ImagingImaging Statistical Statistical SummariesSummaries
Digital Digital ProcessingProcessing
OutputOutput
• Digital frame grabbing
• Differencing of sequential images
• Thresholding• Detection and
tracking
• Digital frame grabbing
• Differencing of sequential images
• Thresholding• Detection and
tracking
• Tracked bat location and pattern
• Tracked bat location and pattern
• Bats tracked/minute
• Ingress/egress counts
• Bats tracked/minute
• Ingress/egress counts
5 0 1 0 0 1 5 0 2 0 0 2 5 0 3 0 0 3 5 0
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
Horizontal Position (pixels)
Ve
rtic
al P
os
itio
n (
pix
els
)
INSIDE
OUTSIDE
BUILDING STRONG®
Differenced video imagery
MLC_snagif3.avi
BUILDING STRONG®
Resulting Net Count
59,965
BUILDING STRONG®
Integrating Acoustic Mapping into Aquatic Plant Management Operations: Case Study
Bruce Sabol1, Jim Kannenberg2, John Skogerboe1
BUILDING STRONG®
Boat
Radio Antenna
Digital Storage Unit(PC)
Data RadioReceiver
DigitalEcho Sounder
GPS AntennaGPSReceiver
TransducerDGPS
BroadcastSource
Transm
itted
GPS Cor
rectio
ns
GPSSignal
Components
• Digital echosounder ($25K)
• Navigations GPS ($2.5K)
• Laptop PC ($2.5K)
BUILDING STRONG®
Acoustic Environment of Submersed Vegetation
BUILDING STRONG®
0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 15 25 50 55 45 50 50 0 35 25 0 0 Plant height (cm)
(4/10) * 100 = 40 % (7/10) * 100 = 70 % Coverage (%)
(10+10+15+25) / 4 = 15 cm (50+55+45+50+50+35+25) / 7 = 44 cm Average Height (cm)
(DGPS (1)+ (DGPS (2)) / 2 (DGPS (2)+ (DGPS (3)) / 2 Position
SAVEWS- Operations Concept
BUILDING STRONG®
Pre-Treatment Effective Canopy Height
BUILDING STRONG®
Canopy Height Over Time
Pre- 4-Wk Post- 8-Wk Post-
BUILDING STRONG®
New Developments in Acoustic Mapping
Integrating capability with boat-based herbicide delivery systems (LittLineTM) in real time
Migrating technology to a low-cost (~$1500) sounder/GPS system for greater availability to aquatic plant managers
BUILDING STRONG®19
Invasive mussels work
Chemical controls: moderate success► Adults relatively tolerant; effects on non-target species
The sensitivity of larval stages should be exploited
Spawning Dreissena
polymorpha
Mytilus galloprovincialis
Millward et al. ERDC/TN ANSRP-07-03
Mussels have invaded many aquatic systems
BUILDING STRONG®20
Life stage sensitivity of mussels Minnesota DNR
► New zebra mussel problem (2005)► Permitted to use algaecide (Cutrine-Ultra®) at 1 mg/L► Can permitted dosage control zebra mussels?
Zebra mussel sensitivity to copper (24-h dosing)► More than 4.5 mg/L Cu required to kill 99% of adult mussels► Only 0.04 mg/L Cu required to kill larval mussels in 24-h► At 0.3 mg/L Cu, larval mussels killed in 52 minutes► Permitted dosage can kill larvae but not adults
LarvalMussels Adult
Mussels
Kennedy et al. J Great Lakes Res 32: 596-606
BUILDING STRONG®21
Larval Mytilus mussels more sensitive than adults to copper, chlorine and bayluscide
Life stage sensitivity to Bayluscide► Gametes = trochophores (no shell) > D-stage veligers (shell) >>>
juveniles and adults
Life stage sensitivity of mussels
Cell damage in D-stage larva
Cell viability assays more sensitive than survival
Millward et al. ERDC/TN ANSRP-07-03
BUILDING STRONG®22
Invasive mussels: recent products
BUILDING STRONG®23
Novel surfaces to control invasive species
Problem: Organisms stowaway on vehicles►Vector for dispersal of
invasive species
Problem: most controls involve toxic chemicals
Solution: textured surfaces, unique substrate properties
Schumacher et al. (2007)
Federal organizations must limit Federal organizations must limit transport of invasive speciestransport of invasive species
BUILDING STRONG®24
Effects of surface substrate properties
Glass
Glass
Teflon
Glass
Surface hydrophobicity alters crawling behavior
Patterned surface tessellations reduce aestivation frequency
Surface elastic modulus controls organism adhesion strength
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
Cross PDMSe Glass Rough Glass
Cross topo, PDMSe Glass, rough glass
Per
cen
t A
esti
vati
ng
on
Su
rfac
e
82% Reduction
p < 0.01
61% Increasep < 0.01
* *
Cross Cross patternpattern
BUILDING STRONG®
Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
Plants were developed to grow on military lands
Basic research completed on locating and documenting bacterial gene to breakdown RDX
Transgenic plants successfully developed in laboratory
Field evaluations and testing considerations would need to include:
Field site design and selection
Policy issues
Permit applications
BUILDING STRONG®
Wear Tolerance Testing
Cultivar 2005 2006 2007
SERDP SRWG 67.8 74.3 66.0
Secar SRWG 36.4 46.5 42.7
Vavilov II SWG 55.6 76.0 72.2
Vavilov I SWG 28.1 51.0 43.7
lsd @0.05 13.5 13.1 13.0
Percent cover after traffic event, June 2005
BUILDING STRONG®
Invasive Weed Control
BUILDING STRONG®
RDX Removal from Soil
Germplasms were developed for greater training resiliency
western wg Siberian wg slender wg
BUILDING STRONG®
Questions?