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US008404635B2 (12) Unlted States Patent (10) Patent N0.2 U S Fogelman e t a]. (45) Date of Patent: *Mar. 26, 2013 (54) ORALLY ADMINISTERED PEPTIDES 5,733,549 A 3/1998 Yamada t a1. SYNERGIZE STATIN ACTIVITY 5,733,879 A 3/1998 Rosseneu t a1. 5,814,467 A 9/1998 Curtiss et a1. _ . 5,854,238 A 12/1998 Kempen (75) Inventors. Alan M. Fogelman, Beverly Hills, CA 6,004,925 A l2/l999 Dasseux e t al‘ (US); GattadahalllM- 6,011,002 A 1/2000 Pastan e t a1. Anantharamaiah, Birmingham, AL 6,019,739 A 2/2000 Rhee et al. (US)' Mohamad avab L05 Angeles 6,037,323 A 3/2000 Dasseux e t a1. CA Us) ’ ’ 6,040,147 A 3/2000 Ridkeret a1. 6,046,166 A 4/2000 Dasseux t a1. _ _ _ 6,086,918 A 7/2000 Stern et a1. (73) Ass1gnees: The Regents of the Unlverslty o f 6,191,151 B 1 2/2001 Zik California, Oakland, CA US); The 6,228,989 B 1 5/2001 Traugh e t a1. UAB esearch Foundation, 6,265,377 B1 7/2001 Dasseux e t a1. ' ' 6,273,913 B1 8/2001 Wright et a1. Bmmngham’AL Us) 6,287,590 B 1 9/2001 Dasseux e t a1. . . . . . 6,303,619 B1 10/2001 L' d ( * ) Not1ce: Subject t o any d1scla1mer, the term ofth1s 6,329,341 B 1 12/2001 DZISSZEX e t a1‘ patent i s extended or adjusted under 35 6,376,464 B1 4/2002 Dasseux e t a1. U,S,C, 154(b) by 0 days, 6,383,808 B 1 5/2002 Monia e t a1. 6,444,230 B1 9/2002 Godin t al. This patent is subject to a terminal dis- 6,444,681 B1 9/2002 Flavahan e t a1. C1ajmer_ 6,455,088 B1 9/2002 Dasseux t a1. 6,464,975 B2 10/2002 Millis . 6,498,038 B1 12/2002 Ghosh e t a1. (21) APPLNO 13/180309 6,518,412 B 1 2/2003 Dasseux e t a1. _ 6,555,651 B2 4/2003 Stern e t a1. (22) Flledi Jul-11,2011 6,573,239 B1 6/2003 Dasseux e t a1. 6,602,854 B 1 8/2003 Dasseux t a1. (65) Prior Publication Data 6,630,450 B1 10/2003 Dasseux e t a1. 6,635,623 B1 10/2003 Hoogeveen t al. US 012/0035095 A1 Feb- 9 , 2012 6,664,230 B1 12/2003 Fogelman et a1. 6,696,545 B1 2/2004 Buelow t a1. - - 6,716,816 B1 4/2004 Dasseux e a1. Related US. Application Data 6,717,031 B2 40004 Games t a1‘ (63) Continuation of application No. 11/830,687, ?led o n 6,727,063 B 1 4/2004 Lander et a1~ Jul. 30, 2007, noW Pat. No. 7,994,132, which i s a g? Basseux 8‘ a1~ . . . . , , asseux et a1. cont1nuat1on o f appl1cat1on No. 11/431,412, ~?led o n 6,846,636 B1 V2005 Argmves et al‘ May , 2006, noW Pat. No. 7,531,514, Wh1ch 1s a 6,849,714 B1 2/2005 Bridon e t a1, continuation o f application No. 10/423,830, ?led o n (Continued) Apr. 25, 2003, noW Pat. No. 7,199,102, Which is a continuation-in-part o f application No. 10/273,386, FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS ?led on Oct. 16, 2902,11OW Pat. No. 7,166,578, Wh1ch AU 200l_286732 30002 is a cont1nuat1on-1n-part of appl1cat1on No. AU 2005_287004 3/2006 10/187,215, ?led o n Jun. 28, 2002, noW Pat. No. (Continued) 7,144,862, Which i s a continuation-in-part o f application No. 09/896,841, ?led o n Jun. 29, 2001, QTHER UBLICATIONS noW Pat. No. 6,933,279, Which i s a continuation-in-part o f application No. 09/645,454, US‘ Appl' NO‘ l0/269’755’ ?led Oct‘ 11’ 2002’ Fogelman et 31 ?led on Aug. 24, 2000, noW at. No. 6,664,230. (Continued) (51) Int. Cl. Primary Examiner * effrey E Russel A61K 8/10 (2006.01) (74) Attorney, Agent, orFirm * om unter; WeaverAustin (52) US. l. ...................................... . . 514/1.9; 514/21.4 Villeneuve & ampson LLP (58) Field of~Class1?cat1on Search ............. ..: ...... . None (57) ABSTRACT See ppl1cat1on ?le or complete search istory. _ _ _ _ _ _ This 1nvent1on prov1des novel peptides that amel1orate one or (56) References Cited more symptoms o f atherosclerosis. The peptides are highly U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 3,767,040 A 10/1973 Tushaus 4,155,913 A 5/1979 Hellerbach e t 31. 4,428,938 A 1/1984 Kisfaludy et a1. 4,643,988 A 2/1987 Segrest e t a1. 4,684,520 A 8/1987 Bertelli 5,298,490 A 3/1994 Heavner t a1. 5,344,822 A 9/1994 Levine et a1. 5,358,934 A 10/1994 Borovsky e t a1. 5,480,869 A 1/1996 Wei t a1. 5,595,973 A 1/1997 Bogden 5,721,138 A 2/1998 Lawn stable and eadily administered via an oral route. The eptides are effective to stimulate the formation and cycling o f pre beta high density l i p o p r o t e i n - l i k e particles and/or to promote lipid transport and detoxi?cation. This invention also pro vides a method of racking a peptide in a mammal. I n addi tion, the peptides inhibit osteoporosis. When administered With a statin, the peptides enhance the activity o f the statin permitting the statin to be used at signi?cantly loWer dosages and/or cause the statins t o be signi?cantly more anti-in?am matory at any given dose. 14 Claims, 10 Drawing Sheets

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US008404635B2

( 1 2 ) Unlted States Patent ( 1 0 ) P a t e n t N 0 . 2 U S 8 , 4 0 4 , 6 3 5 B2Fogelman e t a ] . ( 4 5 ) Date o f P a t e n t : *Mar. 2 6 , 2013

( 5 4 ) ORALLYADMINISTEREDPEPTIDES 5 , 7 3 3 , 5 4 9 A 3 / 1 9 9 8 Yamada t a 1 .

SYNERGIZE STATINACTIVITY 5 , 7 3 3 , 8 7 9 A 3 / 1 9 9 8 Rosseneu t a 1 .5 , 8 1 4 , 4 6 7 A 9 / 1 9 9 8 C u r t i s s e t a 1 .

_ . 5,854,238 A 1 2/ 1998 Kempen

( 7 5 ) I n v e n t o r s . Alan M . F o g e l m a n , B e v e r l y H i l l s , CA 6 , 0 0 4 , 9 2 5 A l 2 / l 9 9 9 D a s s e u x e t a l ‘( U S ) ; GattadahalllM- 6 , 0 1 1 , 0 0 2 A 1 / 2 0 0 0 P a s t a n e t a 1 .

Anantharamaiah, Birmingham, AL 6 , 0 1 9 , 7 3 9 A 2 / 2 0 0 0 R h e e e t a l .

( U S ) ' Mohamad avab L05 Angeles 6 , 0 3 7 , 3 2 3 A 3 / 2 0 0 0 D a s s e u x e t a 1 .CA Us) ’ ’ 6 , 0 4 0 , 1 4 7 A 3 / 2 0 0 0 R i d k e r e t a 1 .

6 , 0 4 6 , 1 6 6 A 4 / 2 0 0 0 Dasseux t a 1 .

_ _ _ 6,086,918 A 7/2000 Stern et a 1 .

( 7 3 ) A s s 1 g n e e s : The R e g e n t s o f t h e U n l v e r s l t y o f 6 , 1 9 1 , 1 5 1 B 1 2 / 2 0 0 1 Z i k

C a l i f o r n i a , O a k l a n d , CA U S ) ; The 6 , 2 2 8 , 9 8 9 B 1 5 / 2 0 0 1 T r a u g h e t a 1 .UAB esearch Foundation, 6 , 2 6 5 , 3 7 7 B1 7 / 2 0 0 1 D a s s e u x e t a 1 .

' ' 6,273,913 B1 8/2001 Wright e t a 1 .Bmmngham’AL Us) 6 , 2 8 7 , 5 9 0 B 1 9 / 2 0 0 1 D a s s e u x e t a 1 .

. . . . . 6,303,619 B1 10/2001 L' d

( * ) N o t 1 c e : S u b j e c t t o a n y d 1 s c l a 1 m e r , t h e t e r m o f t h 1 s 6 , 3 2 9 , 3 4 1 B 1 1 2 / 2 0 0 1 D Z I S S Z E X e t a 1 ‘

p a t e n t i s extended o r a d j u s t e d under 35 6 , 3 7 6 , 4 6 4 B1 4 / 2 0 0 2 D a s s e u x e t a 1 .

U , S , C , 1 5 4 ( b ) by 0 d a y s , 6 , 3 8 3 , 8 0 8 B 1 5 / 2 0 0 2 M o n i a e t a 1 .6 , 4 4 4 , 2 3 0 B1 9 / 2 0 0 2 Godin t a l .

T h i s p a t e n t i s s u b j e c t t o a t e r m i n a l d i s - 6 , 4 4 4 , 6 8 1 B1 9 / 2 0 0 2 F l a v a h a n e t a 1 .

C 1 a j m e r _ 6 , 4 5 5 , 0 8 8 B1 9 / 2 0 0 2 Dasseux t a 1 .6 , 4 6 4 , 9 7 5 B2 1 0 / 2 0 0 2 M i l l i s

. 6,498,038 B 1 12/2002 Gho sh e t a 1 .( 2 1 ) APPLNO 13/180309 6 , 5 1 8 , 4 1 2 B 1 2 / 2 0 0 3 D a s s e u x e t a 1 .

_ 6,555,651 B2 4/2003 Stern e t a 1 .

( 2 2 ) F l l e d i Jul-11,2011 6 , 5 7 3 , 2 3 9 B1 6 / 2 0 0 3 D a s s e u x e t a 1 .

6 , 6 0 2 , 8 5 4 B1 8 / 2 0 0 3 Dasseux t a 1 .

( 6 5 ) Prior Publication Data 6 , 6 3 0 , 4 5 0 B1 1 0 / 2 0 0 3 D a s s e u x e t a 1 .6 , 6 3 5 , 6 2 3 B1 1 0 / 2 0 0 3 Hoogeveen t a l .

US 012/0035095 A 1 F e b - 9 , 2012 6 , 6 6 4 , 2 3 0 B1 1 2 / 2 0 0 3 F o g e l m a n e t a 1 .

6 , 6 9 6 , 5 4 5 B1 2 / 2 0 0 4 Buelow t a 1 .

- - 6,716,816 B1 4/2004 D a s seu x e t a 1 .Related U S . Application Data 6 , 7 1 7 , 0 3 1 B2 40004 Games t a 1 ‘

( 6 3 ) C o n t i n u a t i o n o f a p p l i c a t i o n No. 1 1 / 8 3 0 , 6 8 7 , ? l e d on 6 , 7 2 7 , 0 6 3 B 1 4 / 2 0 0 4 L a n d e r e t a 1 ~

J u l . 3 0 , 2 0 0 7 , noW P a t . N o . 7 , 9 9 4 , 1 3 2 , w h i c h i s a g ? B a s s e u x 8 ‘ a 1 ~. . . . , , asseuxet a1.

c o n t 1 n u a t 1 o n o f a p p l 1 c a t 1 o n N o . 1 1 / 4 3 1 , 4 1 2 , ~ ? l e d on 6 , 8 4 6 , 6 3 6 B 1 V 2 0 0 5 A r g m v e s e t a l ‘

May , 2 0 0 6 , noW P a t . No. 7 , 5 3 1 , 5 1 4 , Wh1ch 1 s a 6 , 8 4 9 , 7 1 4 B1 2 / 2 0 0 5 B r i d o n e t a 1 ,

c o n t i n u a t i o n o f a p p l i c a t i o n N o . 1 0 / 4 2 3 , 8 3 0 , ? l e d on ( C o n t i n u e d )

A p r . 2 5 , 2 0 0 3 , noW P a t . No. 7 , 1 9 9 , 1 0 2 , Which i s a

c o n t i n u a t i o n - i n - p a r t o f a p p l i c a t i o n N o . 1 0 / 2 7 3 , 3 8 6 , FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS

? l e d o n O c t . 1 6 , 2 9 0 2 , 1 1 O W P a t . N o . 7 , 1 6 6 , 5 7 8 , W h 1 c h AU 2 0 0 l _ 2 8 6 7 3 2 3 0 0 0 2i s a c o n t 1 n u a t 1 o n - 1 n - p a r t of a p p l 1 c a t 1 o n No. AU 2 0 0 5 _ 2 8 7 0 0 4 3 / 2 0 0 6

1 0 / 1 8 7 , 2 1 5 , ? l e d on J u n . 2 8 , 2 0 0 2 , noW P a t . No. ( C o n t i n u e d )

7 , 1 4 4 , 8 6 2 , Which i s a c o n t i n u a t i o n - i n - p a r t o f

a p p l i c a t i o n N o . 0 9 / 8 9 6 , 8 4 1 , ? l e d on J u n . 2 9 , 2 0 0 1 , QTHER UBLICATIONSnoW P a t . No. 6 , 9 3 3 , 2 7 9 , Which i s a

c o n t i n u a t i o n - i n - p a r t o f a p p l i c a t i o n N o . 0 9 / 6 4 5 , 4 5 4 , US‘ A p p l ' N O ‘ l 0 / 2 6 9 ’ 7 5 5 ’ ? l e d O c t ‘ 1 1 ’ 2 0 0 2 ’ F o g e l m a n e t 3 1

? l e d on Aug. 2 4 , 2 0 0 0 , noW a t . N o . 6 , 6 6 4 , 2 3 0 . ( C o n t i n u e d )

( 5 1 ) I n t . C l . Primary Examiner* e f f r e y E R u s s e l

A61K 8 / 1 0 ( 2 0 0 6 . 0 1 ) ( 7 4 ) A t t o r n e y , A g e n t , orFirm* o m u n t e r ; WeaverAustin

( 5 2 ) US. l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1 4 / 1 . 9 ; 514/21.4 Villeneuve & am p s on LLP

( 5 8 ) Field of~Class1?cat1on Search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . None ( 5 7 ) ABSTRACT

See p p l 1 c a t 1 o n ?le o r complete search istory. _ _ _ _ _ _

T h i s 1 n v e n t 1 o n p r o v 1 d e s n o v e l p e p t i d e s t h a t a m e l 1 o r a t e one o r

( 5 6 ) R e f e r e n c e s C i t e d more symptoms o f a t h e r o s c l e r o s i s . The p e p t i d e s a r e h i g h l y

U . S . PATENTDOCUMENTS

3 , 7 6 7 , 0 4 0 A 1 0 / 1 9 7 3 T u s h a u s

4 , 1 5 5 , 9 1 3 A 5 / 1 9 7 9 H e l l e r b a c h e t 3 1 .

4 , 4 2 8 , 9 3 8 A 1 / 1 9 8 4 K i s f a l u d y e t a 1 .

4 , 6 4 3 , 9 8 8 A 2 / 1 9 8 7 S e g r e s t e t a 1 .4 , 6 8 4 , 5 2 0 A 8 / 1 9 8 7 B e r t e l l i

5 , 2 9 8 , 4 9 0 A 3 / 1 9 9 4 Heavner t a 1 .

5 , 3 4 4 , 8 2 2 A 9 / 1 9 9 4 L e v i n e e t a 1 .

5 , 3 5 8 , 9 3 4 A 1 0 / 1 9 9 4 B o r o v s k y e t a 1 .

5 , 4 8 0 , 8 6 9 A 1 / 1 9 9 6 Wei t a 1 .

5 , 5 9 5 , 9 7 3 A 1 / 1 9 9 7 Bogden5 , 7 2 1 , 1 3 8 A 2 / 1 9 9 8 Lawn

s t a b l e and e a d i l y a d m i n i s t e r e d v i a a n o r a l r o u t e . The e p t i d e s

a r e e f f e c t i v e t o s t i m u l a t e t h e f o r m a t i o n and c y c l i n g o f p r e

b e t a h i g h d e n s i t y l i p o p r o t e i n - l i k e p a r t i c l e s a n d / o r t o p r o m o t e

l i p i d t r a n s p o r t a n d d e t o x i ? c a t i o n . T h i s i n v e n t i o n a l s o p r o

v i d e s a method of r a c k i n g a p e p t i d e i n a mammal. I n a d d i

t i o n , t h e p e p t i d e s i n h i b i t o s t e o p o r o s i s . When a d m i n i s t e r e d

W i t h a s t a t i n , t h e p e p t i d e s e n h a n c e t h e a c t i v i t y o f t h e s t a t i np e r m i t t i n g t h e s t a t i n t o b e u s e d a t s i g n i ? c a n t l y l o W e r d o s a g e s

a n d / o r c a u s e t h e s t a t i n s t o be s i g n i ? c a n t l y more anti-in?am

m a t o r y a t a n y g i v e n d o s e .

1 4 C l a i m s , 1 0 Drawing S h e e t s

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US 8 , 4 0 4 , 6 3 5 B2P a g e 2

US. PATENT DOCUMENTS J P 3 - 5 0 3 1 7 8 7 / 1 9 9 1

6 , 8 6 9 , 5 6 8 B2 3 / 2 0 0 5 Fogelman t a l . J P T507554 8 / 1 9 9 5. JP 09-505559 6 1997

6 , 8 8 7 , 4 7 0 B1 5 / 2 0 0 5 B r i d o n e t a l . JP 11-500311 1 / 1 9 9 96 , 9 3 3 , 2 7 9 B2 8 / 2 0 0 5 Fogelman t a l .

. JP 11-507376 6 19996 , 9 3 6 , 6 9 1 B2 8 / 2 0 0 5 F i s c e l l a e t a l .

. JP 2000-136202 5/20006 , 9 8 2 , 3 4 8 B2 1 / 2 0 0 6 K o r i e t a 1 .

JP 2000-509020 7/20007 , 1 4 4 , 8 6 2 B2 1 2 / 2 0 0 6 Fogelman t a l . JP 2004-506693 3/20047 , 1 4 8 , 1 9 7 B2 1 2 / 2 0 0 6 Fogelman t a l .

JP 03822167 9/20067 , 1 6 6 , 5 7 8 B2 1 / 2 0 0 7 Fogelman t a l . JP 2006-312650 1 1 / 2 0 0 67 , 1 9 9 , 1 0 2 B2 4 / 2 0 0 7 Fogelman t a l .

. . JP 2007-277250 10/2007

7 , 2 9 1 , 5 9 0 B2 1 1 / 2 0 0 7 K i s i l e v s k y e t a 1 .MX PA2010763 3 / 2 0 0 3

7 , 4 7 0 , 6 6 0 B2 1 2 / 2 0 0 8 S c h w a r t z e t a l . W0 WO 1/05043 4 / 1 9 9 17 , 5 3 1 , 5 1 4 B2 5 / 2 0 0 9 Fogelman t a l . W0 WO 5/07707 3 / 1 9 9 57 , 5 7 9 , 3 1 9 B2 8 / 2 0 0 9 F o g e l m a n

W0 WO 6/25434 8 / 1 9 9 67 , 7 2 3 , 3 0 3 B2 5 / 2 0 1 0 Fogelman t a l . W0 WO 6/40770 1 2 / 1 9 9 67 , 8 0 7 , 6 4 0 B2 1 0 / 2 0 1 0 Fogelman t a l . W0 WO 6/41815 1 2 / 1 9 9 67 , 8 2 0 , 7 8 4 B2 1 0 / 2 0 1 0 Fogelman t a l .

W0 WO 7/36927 1 0 / 1 9 9 77 , 9 9 4 , 1 3 2 B2 8 / 2 0 1 1 Fogelman t a l .

W0 WO 8/09602 3/19988 , 0 4 8 , 8 5 1 B2 1 1 / 2 0 1 1 Fogelman t a l . W0 WO 9/16408 4/19998 , 2 3 6 , 7 5 4 B2 8 / 2 0 1 2 F o g e l m a n

. W0 WO 9/16409 4/19992001/0005714 A 1 6 / 2 0 0 1 B o f f e l l i e t a 1 .

W0 WO 9/47566 9/19992002/0042441 A 1 4/2002 Acton t a l .

W0 WO 0/06599 2/20002002/0142369 A1 1 0 / 2 0 0 2 F e r s h t

. W0 W0 0/ 34469 6/20002003/0027769 A 1 2 / 2 0 0 3 S c i a l d o n e e t a l .

W0 WO 1/75168 1 0 / 2 0 0 12003/0040505 A1 2 / 2 0 0 3 Fogelman t a l .

W0 WO 1/75170 1 0 / 2 0 0 12003/0045460 A1 3 / 2 0 0 3 Fogelman t a l .. WO WO01/81376 1 1/200 1

2003/0077641 A 1 4/2003 LaskowitZ e t a l .. W0 WO 2/15923 2/2002

2003/0083698 A 1 5 / 2 0 0 3 W h i t e h u r s t e t a 1 .. . . W WO2/22161 3/2002

2003/0087819 A1 5 / 2 0 0 3 B i e l i c k i. W0 W0 2/098446 12/2002

2003/0125260 A 1 7/2003 Haviv e t a 1 .W0 W0 3/017924 3 / 2 0 0 3

2003/0171277 A1 9 / 2 0 0 3 Fogelman t a l .W0 W0 3/038886 5 / 2 0 0 3

2003/0191057 A1 1 0 / 2 0 0 3 Fogelman t a l .W0 W0 3/086326 1 0 / 2 0 0 3

2003/0203842 A 1 1 0 / 2 0 0 3 Dasseux e t a l .W0 WO 004/034977 A 2 4/2004

2003/0229015 A1 1 2 / 2 0 0 3 Fogelman t a l .W0 WO 004/043396 5 / 2 0 0 4

2004/0059110 A 1 3/2004 Nakano e t a l .. W0 WO 0 0 5 / 0 0 0 8 8 7 1/2005

2004/0136989 A1 7 / 2 0 0 4 B a n e r J e e e t a l .W0 WO 005/016280 2 / 2 0 0 5

2 0 0 4 / 0152623 A1 8 / 2 0 0 4 V a r a d h a c h a r y e t a 1 .W0 WO 005/116643 1 2 / 2 0 0 5

2004/0254120 A1 1 2 / 2 0 0 4 Fogelman t a l .W0 WO 006/020652 2/2006

2 0 0 4 / 0266663 A 1 12/2004 Schwartz e t a l .W0 WO 006/034056 3/2006

2 0 0 4 / 0 2 6 6 6 7 1 A1 1 2 / 2 0 0 4 Fogelman t a l .. W0 WO 0 0 6 / 0 6 3 1 3 2 6/2006

2005/0070996 A 1 3 / 2 0 0 5 Dinh e t a l .W0 WO 006/118805 1 1 / 2 0 0 6

2005/0154046 A1 7 / 2 0 0 5 Wang t a 1 . W0 WO 009/073725 6 / 2 0 0 92005/0197381 A1 9 / 2 0 0 5 Wang t a 1 .

2005/0229015 A1 1 0 / 2 0 0 5 Van Rens t a l . OTHER PUBLICATIONS2005/0239136 A 1 1 0 / 2 0 0 5 HaZen e t a 1 .

2 0 0 5 / 0 2 7 2 6 3 4 A1 1 2 / 2 0 0 5 B a h 1 m a n n _ e t a l ~ U . S . A p p l . N o . 1 1 / 2 2 9 , 0 4 2 , ? l e d S e p . 1 6 , 2 0 0 5 , F o g e l m a n e t a l .2 0 0 6 / 0 0 6 9 0 3 0 A1 3 / 2 0 0 6 B a c h o v c h l n U . S . A p p l . N o . 1 1 / 5 4 1 , 4 8 1 , ? l e d S e p . 2 6 , 2 0 0 6 , F o g e l m a n e t a l .2006/0205634 A 1 9 / 2 0 0 6 Varadhachary t a l . US A 1 N 1 1 6 4 1 4 8 2 ? l ds 26 2006 F 1 t 12006/0205669 A1 9/2006 Fogelman t a l . ' ' PP 0' t a e GP 2 , Oge man 3

2 0 0 6 / 0 2 1 7 2 9 8 A1 9 / 2 0 0 6 S r i v a s t a v a U . S . N O . I I / 5 4 I , 4 9 4 , S e p . 2 6 , 2 0 0 6 , Fogelman t { 1 1 .

2 0 0 6 / 0 2 1 7 3 0 7 A1 9 / 2 0 0 6 T a k a s h i e t a l . US P P 1 ~ N < > ~ 13056169, ? l e d J u n . 8 , 2 0 1 1 , Fogelman t 3 1

2006/0234908 A1 1 0 / 2 0 0 6 Fogelman t a l . I n t e r n a t i o n a l S e a r c h R e p o r t d a t e d J a n . 3 , 2002 i s s u e d i n WO 0 0 2 /

2007/0032430 A1 2 / 2 0 0 7 Fogelman t a l . 0 1 5 9 2 3 ,

2 0 0 7 / 0 2 5 4 8 3 9 A1 1 1 / 2 0 0 7 Fogelman t a 1 ~ I n t e r n a t i o n a l W r i t t e n O p i n i o n d a t e d M a y 2 0 , 2 0 0 2 i s s u e d i n WO

2008/0045459 A1 2 / 2 0 0 8 Fogelman t a l . 2 0 0 2 / 0 1 5 9 2 3 ‘

2 0 0 8 / 0 0 9 5 8 2 1 A1 4 / 2 0 0 8 F o g e l m a n e t a l ' I n t e r n a t i o n a l P r e l i m i n a r y E x a m i n a t i o n R e po r t d a t e d S e p . 2 0 , 2 0 0 22008 0096814 A1 4/ 2 0 0 8 Fogelman t a l . . .

i s s u e d i n PCT/US01/26497 (WO 0 0 2 / 0 1 5 9 2 3 ) .2008/0096815 A1 4/2008 Fogelman t al. . . , . . .

2008/0096816 A 1 4/2008 Fogelman t 3 1 A u s t r a l i a n Examiner s F i r s t R e p o r t d a t e d J u n . 6 , 2005 i s s u e d i n AU

2008/0293639 A1 11/2008 Fogelman e t a l . 2 0 0 12 3 6 73 2 _ _

2 0 0 9 / 0 0 2 8 9 2 5 A1 1 / 2 0 0 9 B r i o n e t 3 1 ‘ A u s t r a l i a n N o t i c e o f A c c e p t a n c e a n d Allowed C l a i m s d a t e d S e p . 2 1 ,

2009/0081298 A 1 3/2009 Murase e t a 1 . 2005 i s s u e d i n AU 0012867322 0 0 9 / 0 2 8 6 7 4 1 A1 1 1 / 2 0 0 9 Fogelman t 3 1 , A u s t r a l i a n E X a m i n e r ’ s R e p o r t N o . 2 d a t e d J a n . 1 7 , 2007 i s s u e d i n AU

2010/0227825 A1 9 / 2 0 1 0 Fogelman t a l . 2006 2 0 0 0 0 3 5 .

2 0 1 2 / 0004720 Al l / 2012 F0gelman t 3 1 . A u s t r a l i a n E X a m i n e r ’ s F i r s t R e p o r t d a t e d F e b . 1 3 , 2008 i s s u e d i n AU

2007237157.

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CA 2420222 2/2002 2009202705‘

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U S O f ? c e A c t i o n F i n a l S e p . 1 2 , 2 0 1 1 i s s u e d i n i s s u e d i n US. A p p l .

N o . 1 1 / 9 5 0 , 3 1 5 .A n a n t h a r a m a i a h a n d G a r b e r , ( 1 9 9 6 ) “ C h r o m a t o g r a p h i c M e t h o d s f o rQ u a n t i t a t i o n o f A p o l i p o p r o t e i n A - I ” , M e t h E n r y m o l 2 6 3 : 2 6 7 - 2 8 2 .

A n a n t h a r a m a i a h e t a l . , ( 1 9 8 5 ) “ S t u d i e s o f S y n t h e t i c P e p t i d e A n a l o g s

o f t h e A m p h i p a t h i c H e l i x ” , T h e J o u r n a l o f B i o l o g i c a l C h e m i s t r y ,

2 6 0 ( 1 8 ) : 1 0 2 4 8 - 1 0 2 5 5 .

A n a n t h a r a m a i a h e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 0 ) “ U s e o f S y n t h e t i c P e p t i d e A n a l o g u e s

t o L o c a l i Z e L e c i t h i n : C h o l e s t e r o l A c y lt r a n s f e r a s e A c t i v a t i n g Domain

i n A p o l i p o p r o t e i n A - I ” , A r t e r i o s c l e r o s i s 1 0 : 9 5 - 1 0 5 .A n a n t h a r a m a i a h e t a l . ( 1 9 9 3 ) “An t l a s o f t h e A m p h i p a t h i c H e l i c a l

D o m a i n s o f Human E x c h a n g e a b l e P l a s m a A p o l i p o p r o t e i n s ” , Chap

t e r 6 : 1 0 9 - 1 4 2 I n : The A m p h i p a t h i c H e l i x ( E p a n d , R . M . , e d ) , CRC

P r e s s , Boca R a t o n , F L .

A n a n t h a r a m a i a h ( 1 9 8 6 ) “ S y n t h e t i c P e p t i d e A n a l o g s o f

A p o l i p o p r o t e i n s ” , M e t h o d s i n E n z y m o l o g y , 1 2 8 : 6 2 7 - 6 4 7 .

A n a n t h a r a m a i a h e t a l . ( 2 0 0 7 ) “ S t r u c t u r a l r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r a n t i o x i d a

t i v e a n d a n t i - i n ? a m m a t o r y p r o p e r t i e s o f a p o l i p o p r o t e i n A - 1 M i m e t i c

p e p t i d e s ” , J o u r n a l o f L i p i d R e s e a r c h , 4 8 : 1 9 1 5 - 1 9 2 3 .

A n d e r s o n e t a l . , ( 1 9 8 9 ) “ S t r u c t u r e o f Human L a c t o f e r r i n : C r y s t a l l o

g r a p h i c S t r u c t u r e A n a l y s i s a n d Re?nement t 2 . 8 A e s o l u t i o n ” , J

Mol i o l , 2 0 9 : 7 1 1 - 7 3 4 .

A o y a g i e t a l . , ( 1 9 8 8 ) “ S y n t h e s i s o f n t i b a c t e r i a l p e p t i d e s - g r a m i c i d i n

S a n a l o g s a n d d e s i g n e d a m p h i p h i l i c o l i g o p e p t i d e s ” , T e t r a h e d r o n ;4 4 : 8 7 7 - 8 8 6 .

A r a v i n d a e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 3 ) “ A r o m a t i c - A r o m a t i c I n t e r a c t i o n s i n C r y s t a l

S t r u c t u r e s o f H e l i c a l P e p t i d e S c a f f o l d s C o n t a i n i n g P r o j e c t i n g

P h e n y l a li n i n e R e s i d u e s ” , J A m Chem o c , 1 2 5 ( 1 8 ) : 5 3 0 8 - 5 3 1 5 .

A r m s t r o n g e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 3 ) “D-Amino A c i d L e v e l s i n Human P h y s i

o l o g i c a l F l u i d s ” , C h i r a l i t y , 5 : 3 7 5 - 3 7 8 .

Ashby t a l . , ( 2 0 0 1 ) “Lack f f f e c t o f s e r u m amyloidA (SAA) o n t h e

a b i l i t y o f h i g h - d e n s i t y l i p o p r o t e i n s t o i n h i b i t e n d o t h e l i a l c e l l a d h e

s i o n m o l e c u l e e x p r e s s i o n ” , A t h e r o s c l e r o s i s , 1 5 4 : 1 3 - 1 2 1 .

Ashby e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 8 ) “ F a c t o r s I n ? u e n c i n g t h e A b i l i t y o f HDL o

I n h i b i t E x p r e s s i o n o f V a s c u l a r C e l l A d h e s i o n M o l e c u l e - 1 i n

E n d o t h e l i a l C e l l s ” , A r t e r i o s c l e r o s i s , T h r o m b o s i s and V a s c u l a r B i o l

o g y , 1 8 : 1 4 5 0 - 1 4 5 5 .

A s o k a n e t a l . ( 1 9 8 9 ) “ S e p a r a t i o n a n d e v a l u a t i o n o f c h a n g i n g p a t t e r n

o f g l y c o s a m i n o g l y c a n s i n 3 - m e t h y l c h o l a n t h r e n e i n d u c e d

? b r o s a r c o m a ” , N e o p l a s m a 3 6 ( 3 ) : 2 7 3 - 9 .Asokan t a l . , ( A p r . 2 1 , 1 9 9 3 ) “ P u r i ? c a t i o n a n d c h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n o f

c o l l a g e n s f r o m r a t ? b r o s a r c o m a i n d u c e d b y 3 - m e t h y l c h o l a n t h r e n e ” ,

Mol C e l l B i o c h e m , 1 2 1 ( 2 ) : 9 9 - 1 0 7 .

Badimon e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 0 ) “ R e g r e s s i o n o f A t h e r o s c l e r o t i c L e s i o n s b y

H i g h D e n s i t y L i p o p r o t e i n P l a s m a F r a c t i o n i n t h e C h o l e s t e r o l - f e d

R a b b i t ” , J l i n i c a l I n v e s t i g a t i o n , 8 5 : 1 2 3 4 - 1 2 4 1 .

B a k e r e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 9 ) “ A b i l i t y o f e c o n s t i t u t e d h i g h d e n s i t y l i p o p r o t e i n s

t o i n h i b i t c y t o k i n e - i n d u c e d e x p r e s s i o n o f a s c u l a r c e l l a d h e s i o n mole c u l e - 1 i n human u m b i l i c a l v e i n e n d o t h e l i a l c e l l s ” , J o u r n a l o f i p i d

R e s e a r c h , 4 0 : 3 4 5 - 3 5 3 .

B a k e r e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 0 ) “ P h o s p h o l i p i d c o m p o s i t i o n o f e c o n s t i t u t e d h i g h

d e n s i t y l i p o p r o t e i n s i n ? u e n c e s t h e i r a b i l i t y t o i n h i b i t e n d o t h e l i a l c e l l

a d h e s i o n m o l e c u l e e x p r e s s i o n ” , J L i p i d R e s , 4 1 : 1 2 6 1 - 1 2 6 7 .

B a r t e r e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 2 ) “ E f f e c t o f h i g h - d e n s i t y l i p o p r o t e i n s o n t h e

e x p r e s s i o n o f a d h e s i o n m o l e c u l e s i n e n d o t h e l i a l c e l l s ” , C u r r e n t

O p i n i o n i n L i p i d o l o g y , 1 3 : 2 8 5 - 2 8 8 .

B a r t e r e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 6 ) “ H i g h d e n s i t y l i p o p r o t e i n s a n d c o r o n a r y h e a r t

d i s e a s e ” , A t h e r o s c l e r o s i s , 1 2 1 1 - 1 2 .

B a u e r e t a l . , ( 1 9 8 2 ) “ S M S 2 0 1 - 9 9 5 : A e r y P o t e n t a n d S e l e c t i v e

O c t a p e p t i d e A n a l o g u e o f S o m a t o s t a t i n w i t h P r o l o n g e d A c t i o n ” , L i f eS c i e n c e s , 3 1 : 1 1 3 3 - 1 1 4 0 .

Baumbach e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 2 ) “ S t r u c t u r e o f C e r e b r a l A r t e r i o l e s i n

C y s t a t h i o n i n e 1 3 S y n t h a s e - D e ? c i e n t M i c e ” , C i r c u l a t i o n R e s . ,9 1 : 9 3 1 - 9 3 7 .

Baumbach e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 3 ) “ C e r e b r a l A r t e r i o l a r S t r u c t u r e i n MiceO v e r e x p r e s s i n g Human e n i n a n d A n g i o t e n s i n o g e n ” , H y p e r t e n s i o n ,

4 1 : 5 0 - 5 5 .

B e r g t e t a l . ( F e b . 2 7 , 2 0 0 4 ) “ L y s i n e R e s i d u e s D i r e c t t h e C h l o r i n a t i o n

o f T y r o s i n e s i n YXXK M o t i f s o f A p o l i p o p r o t e i n A - I When

H y p o c h l o r o u s A c i d O x i d i Z e s H i g h D e n s i t y L i p o p r o t e i n ” , T h e J o u r

n a l o f B i o l o g i c a l C h e m i s t r y , 2 7 9 ( 9 ) : 7 8 5 6 - 7 8 6 6 .

B i s o e n d i a l e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 3 ) “ R e s t o r a t i o n o f E n d o t h e l i a l F u n c t i o n b y

I n c r e a s i n g H i g h - D e n s i t y L i p o p r o t e i n i n S u b j e c t s W i t h I s o l a t e d LowH i g h - D e n s i t y L i p o p r o t e i n ” , C i r c u l a t i o n 1 0 7 : 2 9 4 4 - 2 9 4 8 .

B l a n k e n b e r g e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 1 ) “ C i r c u l a t i n g C e l l A d h e s i o n M o l e c u l e s a n d

D e a t h i n P a t i e n t s w i t h C o r o n a r y A r t e r y D i s e a s e ” , C i r c u l a t i o n ,1 0 4 : 1 3 3 6 - 1 3 4 2 .

B o f f e l l i e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 7 ) “ R e c o n s t i t u t i o n a n d F u r t h e r C h a r a c t e r i za t i o n

o f t h e C h o l e s t e r o l T r a n s p o r t A c t i v i t y o f t h e S m a l l- I n t e s t i n a l B r u s h

B o r d e r M e m b r a n e ” , B i o c h e m i s t r y , 3 6 : 1 0 7 8 4 - 1 0 7 9 2 .

B o f f e l l i e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 7 ) “The u p t a k e o f c h o l e s t e r o l a t t h e s m a l l - i n t e s

t i n a l b r u s h b o r d e r membrane s i n h i b i t e d by p o l i p o p r o t e i n s ” , F BSL e t t e r s , 4 1 1 : 7 - 1 1 .

B o r h a n i e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 7 ) “ C r y s t a l s t r u c t u r e o f t r u n c a t e d human

a p o l i p o p r o t e i n A - I s u g ge s t s a l i p i d- b o u n d c o n f o r m a t i o n ” , Biochem

i s t r y , PNAS USA, 9 4 : 1 2 2 9 1 - 1 2 2 9 6 .

B o u r d i l l o n e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 0 ) “ ICAM-1 De?ci ency Reduces A t h e r o s c l e

r o t i c L e s i o n s i n D o u b l e - K n o c k o u t Mice ( A p o E ' / ' / I C A M - 1 ' / ' ) Fed

F a t o r a Chow i e t ” , A r t e r i o s c l e r Thromb V a s c B i o l , 20:2630-2635.

Bowry t a l . , ( 1 9 9 2 ) “ H i g h d e n s i t y l i p o p r o t e i n i s t h e m a j o r c a r r i e r o f

l i p i d h y d r o p e r o x i d e s i n human b l o o d p l a s m a f r o m f a s t i n g d o n o r s ” ,

PNAS SA, 8 9 : 1 0 3 1 6 1 0 3 2 0 .

B r o u i l l e t t e a n d A n a n t h a r a m a i a h , ( 1 9 9 5 ) “ S t r u c t u r a l m o d e l s o f

human a p o l i p o p r o t e i n A - I ” B i o c h i m B i o p h y s A c t a , 1 2 5 6 : 1 0 3 - 1 2 9 .

B r o u i l l e t t e e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 1 ) “ S t r u c t u r a l Models o f H u m an

A p o l i p o p r o t e i n A - I : A r i t i c a l A n a l y s i s a n d R e v i e w ” , B i o c h e m i c a e t

B i o p h y s i c a A c t a , 1 5 3 1 : 4 - 4 6 .

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B u r g e r e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 2 ) “ H i g h - d e n s i t y l i p o p r o t e i n - a s s o c i a t e da p o l i p o p r o t e i n A - I : t h e m i s s i n g l i n k b e t w e e n i n f e c t i o n a n d c h r o n i c

i n ? a m m a t i o n ? ” , A u t o i m m u n i t y R e v i e w s , 1 : 1 1 1 - 1 1 7 .

C a l a b r e s i e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 7 ) “ I n h i b i t i o n o f V C A M - 1 E x p r e s s i o n i n

E n d o t h e l i a l C e l l s b y R e c o n s t i t u t e d H i g h D e n s i t y L i p o p r o t e i n s ” ,B i o c h e m a n d B i o p h y s R e s Commun, 2 3 8 : 6 1 - 6 5 .

C a l a b r e s i e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 2 ) “ E l e v a t e d S o l u b l e C e l l u l a r A d h e s i o n Mol

e c u l e s i n S u b j e c t s W i t h LoW H D L - C h o l e s t e r o l ” , A r t e r i o s c l e r

Thromb V a s c B i o l , 2 2 : 6 5 6 - 6 6 1 .

C a m p b e l l E J , ( 1 9 8 2 ) “Human l e u k o c y t e e l a s t a s e , c a t h e p e s i n G n d

l a c t o f e r r i n : F a m i l y o f e u t r o p h i l g r a n u l e g l y c o p r o t e i n s t h a t b i n d o a n

a l v e o l a r m a c r o p h a g e r e c e p t o r ” , PNAS USA; 7 9 : 6 9 4 1 - 6 9 4 5 .

C a n a d i a n P h a r m a c i s t s A s s o c i a t i o n , S t a r l i x ® P ’ G e n e r a l Monograph

( 2 0 0 2 ) , 1 2 p a g e s h t t p : / / c p h a . i n ? n e t c o m m . c o m / c o n t e n t / h c p / t o o l s /

c p s i c n p i u p d a t e / s t a r l i x . c f m .

C a r l o s e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 0 ) “ V a s c u l a r c e l l a d h e s i o n m o l e c u le - 1 m e d i a t e s

l y m p h o c y t e a d h e r e n c e t o c y t o k i n e - a c t i v a t e d c u l t u r e d human

e n d o t h e l i a l c e l l s ” , B l o o d , 7 6 ( 5 ) : 9 6 5 - 9 7 0 .

C a r r e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 0 ) “ O x i d a t i o n o f LDL y y e l o p e r o x i d a s e a n d r e a c

t i v e n i t r o g e n s p e c i e s ” , A r t e r i o s c l e r T romb V a s c B i o l , 2 0 : 1 7 1 6 - 1 7 2 3 .

C a s s e r l y a n d T o p o l ( 2 0 0 4 ) “ C o n v e r g e n c e o f a t h e r o s c l e r o s i s a n d

A l Z h e i m e r ’ s d i s e a s e : i n ? a m m a t i o n , c h o l e s t e r o l , a n d m i s f o l d e d p r o

t e i n s ” , L a n c e t 3 6 3 : 1 1 3 9 - 1 1 4 6 .C a s t e l l i e t a l . , ( 1 9 8 6 ) “ I n c i d e n c e o f c o r o n a r y h e a r t d i s e a s e and

l i p o p r o t e i n c h o l e s t e r o l l e v e l s . T h e F r a m i n g h a m S t u d y ” , JAMA,

2 5 6 ( 2 0 ) : 2 8 3 5 - 2 8 3 8 .C h a r l e s - S c h o e m a n e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 8 ) “ T r e a t m e n t W i t h a n a p o l i p o p r o t e i n

A - 1 m i m e t i c p e p t i d e i n c o m b i n a t i o n W i t h p r a v a s t a t i n i n h i b i t s c o l

l a g e n - i n d u c e d a r t h r i t i s ” , C l i n i c a l I m m u n o l o g y , 1 2 7 : 2 3 4 - 2 4 4 .

C h i e s a e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 2 ) “Recombinant A p o l i p o p r o t e i n A - I M i l a n ‘ , I n f u

s i o n I n t o R a b b i t C a r o t i d A r t e r y R a p i d l y Removes L i p i d f r o m F a t t y

S t r e a k s ” , C i r c R e s , 9 0 : 9 7 4 - 9 8 0 .

C h i l l o n a n d Baumbach ( 1 9 9 9 ) “ E f f e c t s o f a n A n g i o t e n s i n - C o n v e r t

i n g EnZyme I n h i b i t o r and a [ 5 - B l o c k e r o n C e r e b r a l A r t e r i o l e s i n

R a t s ” , H y p e r t e n s i o n 3 3 : 8 5 6 - 8 6 1 .

C h r i s t i s o n e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 6 ) “ R a p i d r e d u c t i o n a n d r e m o v a l o f HDL-but

n o t L D L - a s s o c i a t e d c h o l e s t e r y l e s t e r h y d r o p e r o x i d e s by r a t l i v e r

p e r f u s e d i n s i t u ” , B i o c h e m J , 3 1 4 : 7 3 9 - 7 4 2 .

Chung e t a l . ( 1 9 8 5 ) “ S t u d i e s o f S y n t h e t i c P e p t i d e A n a l o g s o f t h e

A m p h i p a t h i c H e l i x ” J B i o l C h e m , 2 6 0 ( 1 8 ) : 1 0 2 5 6 - 1 0 2 6 2 .C l a y e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 1 ) “Time s e q u e n c e o f t h e i n h i b i t i o n o f e n d o t h e l i a l

a d h e s i o n m o l e c u l e e x p r e s s i o n b y r e c o n s t i t u t e d h i g h d e n s i t yl i p o p r o t e i n s ” , A t h e r o s c l e r o s i s , 1 5 7 : 2 3 - 2 9 .

C o c k e r i l l e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 1 ) “ E l e v a t i o n o f P l a s m a H i g h - D e n s i t y

L i p o p r o t e i n C o n c e n t r a t i o n R e d u c e s I n t e r l e u k i n - l - I n d u c e d E x p r e s

s i o n o f E - S e l e c t i n i n a n i n Vivo Model o f Acute In?ammation”,

C i r c u l a t i o n , 1 0 3 : 1 0 8 - 1 1 2 .

C o c k e r i l l e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 5 ) “ H i g h - D e n s i t y L i p o p r o t e i n s I n h i b i tC y t o k i n e - I n d u c e d E x p r e s s i on o f E n d o t h e l i a l C e l l A d h e s i o n Mol

e c u l e s ” , A r t e r i o s c l e r Thromb V a s c B i o l , 1 5 : 1 9 8 7 - 1 9 9 4 .

C o c k e r i l l e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 9 ) “ H i g h - D e n s i t y L i p o p r o t e i n s D i f f e r e n t i a l l yM o d u l a t e C y t o k i n e - I n d u c e d E x p r e s s i o n o f E - S e l e c t i n a n d

C y c l o o x y g e n a s e - 2 ” , A r t e r i o s c l e r Thromb V a s c B i o l , 1 9 : 9 1 0 - 9 1 7 .

Coyne e t a l . ( 2 0 0 2 ) “Methods f o r i s o l a t i o n and c h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n o f

i n t r a c e r e b r a l a r t e r i o l e s i n t h e C57/BL6 W i l d - t y p e m o u s e ” , J

N e u r o s c i . M e t h . , 1 2 0 : 1 4 5 - 1 5 3 .

C y b u l s k y e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 1 ) “A m a j o r r o l e f o r VCAM-l, u t n o t ICAM-1,i n e a r l y a t h e r o s c l e r o s i s ” , J o u r n a l o f C l i n i c a l I n v e s t i g a t i o n ,

1 0 7 ( 1 0 ) : 1 2 5 5 - 1 2 6 2 .C y r u s e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 1 ) “ A b s e n c e o f 1 2 / 1 5 - L i p o x y g e n a s e E x p r e s s i o n

D e c r e a s e s L i p i d P e r o x i d a t i o n a n d A t h e r o g e n e s i s i n A p o l i p o p r o t e i n

E - D e ? c i e n t M i c e ” , C i r c u l a t i o n , 1 0 3 : 2 2 7 7 - 2 2 8 2 .

Dansky e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 1 ) “ A d h e s i o n o f M o n o c y t e s t o A r t e r i a lE n d o t h e l i u m and n i t i a t i o n o f A t h e r o s c l e r o s i s a r e C r i t i c a l l y Depen

d e n t on V a s c u l a r C e l l Adhesion M o l e c u l e - 1 Gene D o s a g e ” ,

A r t e r i o s c l e r Thromb V a s c B i o l , 2 1 : 1 6 6 2 - 1 6 6 7 .

Dansky t a l . , ( 1 9 9 9 ) “ A p o A - I i n h i b i t s foam e l l f o r m a t i o n i n Apo

E - d e ? c i e n t mice f t e r monocyte a d h e r e n c e t o e n d o t h e l i u m ” , J l i n

I n v e s t , 1 0 4 : 3 1 - 3 9 .

D a t t a e t a l . , ( J a n . 1 , 2 0 0 1 ) “ E f f e c t s o f i n c r e a s i n g h y d r o p h o b i c i t y o n

t h e p h y s i c a l - c h e m i c a l a n d b i o l o g i c a l p r o p e r t i e s o f a c l a s s A

a m p h i p a t h i c h e l i c a l p e p t i d e ” , J i p i d R e s e a r c h , 4 2 : 1 0 9 6 - 1 0 4 .

D a t t a e t a l . ( 2 0 0 4 ) “ A r o m a t i c R e s i d u e P o s i t i o n on h e Nonpolar F a c e

o f C l a s s A m p h i p a t h i c H e l i c a l P e p t i d e s D e t e r m i n e s B i o l o g i c a l

A c t i v i t y ” , J o u r n a l o f i o l o g i c a l C h e m i s t r y , 2 7 9 ( 2 4 ) : 2 6 5 0 9 - 2 6 5 1 7 .

D a v e n p o r t e t a l . ( 2 0 0 3 ) “The R o l e o f n t e r l e u k i n - 4 a n d I n t e r l e u k i n - 1 2

i n t h e P r o g r e s s i o n o f A t h e r o s c l e r o s i s i n A p o l i p o p r o t e i n E - D e ? c i e n t

M i c e ” , Am P a t h o l , 1 6 3 ( 3 ) : 1 1 7 - 1 1 2 5 .

Davidson t a l . ( 1 9 9 4 ) “The n ? u e n c e o f p o l i p o p r o t e i n S t r u c t u r e on

t h e E f ? u x o f C e l l u a r F r e e C h o l e s t e r o l t o H i g h D e n s i t y L i p o p r o t e i n ” ,

J B i o l C h e m , 2 6 9 ( 3 7 ) : 2 2 9 7 5 - 2 2 9 8 2 .

D a v i e s e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 3 ) “ T h e e x p r e s s i o n o f t h e a d h e s i o n m o l e c u l e s

ICAM-1, VCAM-l, PECAM, a n d E - s e l e c t i n i n human t h e r o s c l e r o

s i s ” , J P a t h o l , 1 7 1 ( 3 ) : 2 2 3 - 2 2 9 .D e C a t e r i n a e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 8 ) “ S t r u c t u r a l r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r i n h i b i t i o n o f

c y t o k i n e - i n d u c e d e n d o t h e l i a l a c t i v a t i o n b y u n s a t u r a t e d f a t t y a c i d s ” , J

L i p i d R e s , 3 9 : 1 0 6 2 - 1 0 7 0 .

d e l a Tone and Muss ivand 1 9 9 3 ) “Can d i s t u r b e d b r a i n m i c r o c i r c u l a

t i o n c a u s e A l Z h e i m e r ’ s d i s e a s e ? ” , N e u r o l . R e s . , 1 5 ( 3 ) : 1 4 6 - 1 5 3 .

D i e d e r i c h e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 1 ) “ A p o l i p o p r o t e i n A 1 a n d H D L 3 I n h i b i t

S p r e a d i n g o f P r i m a r y Human M o n o c y t e s t h r o u g h a Mechanism h a t

I n v o l v e s C h o le s t e r o l D e p l e t i o n a n d R e g u l a t i o n C160 o f C D 4 2 ” , A t h

e r o s c l e r o s i s , 1 5 9 : 3 1 3 - 3 2 4 .

Dimayuga e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 9 ) “ R e c o n s t i t u t e d HDL o n t a i n i n g Human

A p o l i p o p r o t e i n A - 1 R e d u c e s VCA M -l E x p r e s s i o n a n d N e o i n t i m aF o r m a t i o n F o l l o w i n g P e r i a d v e n t i t i a l C u f f - I n d u c e d C a r o t i d I n j u r y i n

a p o E N u l l M i c e ” , B i o c h e m B i o p h y s R e s Commun, 2 6 4 ( 2 ) : 4 6 5 - 4 6 8 .

D o o l e y e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 4 ) “ A n A l l D-Amino A c i d O p i o i d P e p t i d e W i t h

C e n t r a l A n a l g e s i c A c t i v i t y f r o m a C o m b i n a t o r i a l L i b r a r y ” , S c i e n c e ,

266:2019-2022.

D r o u e t L e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 0 ) “The a n t i t h r o m b o t i c e f f e c t o f KR DS, a

l a c t o t r a n s f e r r i n p e p t i d e , c o m p a r e d RGDS”, N o u v . R e v . f r . H e m a t o l ,

3 2 : 5 9 - 6 2 .

D u n l o p a n d N e i d l e a n d N e i d l e , ( 1 9 9 7 ) “ T h e O r i g i n a n d T u r n o v e r o f

D - S e r i n e i n B r a i n , ” B i o c h e m i c a l a n d B i o p h y s i c a l R e s e a r c h Commu

n i c a t i o n , 2 3 5 : 2 6 - 3 0 .

E h a r a e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 1 ) “ E l e v a t e d L e v e l s o f O x i d i Z e d LoW D e n s i t y

L i p o p r o t e i n Show P o s i t i v e R e l a t i o n s h i p W i t h t h e S e v e r i t y o f A c u t e

C o r o n a r y S y n d r o m e s ” , C i r c u l a t i o n , 1 0 3 : 1 9 5 5 - 1 9 6 0 .

E p a n d e t a l . , ( 1 9 8 7 ) “ S t u d i e s o f S y n t h e t i c P e p t i d e A n a l o g s o f t h eA m p h i p a t h i c H e l i x ” , J o u r n a l o f B i o l o g i c a l C h e m i s t r y ,

2 6 2 ( 1 9 ) : 9 3 8 9 - 9 3 9 6 .E p a n d RM, S t a f f o r d A , L e o n B , L o c k P E , T y t l e r EM, S e g r e s t J P ,A n a n t h a r a m a i a h GM, ( 1 9 9 4 ) “ H D L a n d a p o l i p o p r o t e i n A - I p r o t e c t

e r y t h r o c y t e s a g a i n s t t h e g e n e r a t i o n o f p r o c o a g u l a n t a c t i v i t y ” ,A r t e r i o s c l e r T h r o m b , 1 4 ( 1 1 ) : 1 7 7 5 - 1 7 8 3 .

F i e l d e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 1 ) “ G e n e e x p r e s s i o n o f s t e r o l r e g u l a t o r y e l e m e n t

b i n d i n g p r o t e i n s i n h a m s t e r s m a l l i n t e s t i n e ” , J o u r n a l o f L i p i d

R e s e a r c h , 4 2 : 1 - 9 .

F i e l d i n g a n d F i e l d i n g ( 1 9 9 5 ) “ M o l e c u l a r p h y s i o l o g y o f r e v e r s e c h o

l e s t e r o l t r a n s p o r t ” , J o u r n a l o f L i p i d R e s , 3 6 : 2 1 1 - 2 2 8 .

F i e l d i n g e t a l . , ( 1 9 7 2 ) “A P r o t e i n C o f a c t o r o f L e c i t h i n : C h o l e s t e r o l

A c y l t r a n s f e r a s e ” , B i o c h e m i c a l a n d B i o p h y s i c a l R e s e a r c h Comm,

4 6 ( 4 ) : 1 4 9 3 - 1 4 9 8 .F l a h e r t y e t a l . , ( F e b . 1 9 9 9 ) “ A c u t e p a n c r e a t i t i s a s a c o m p l i c a t i o n o f

p o l y a r t e r i t i s N o d o s a ” , I n t n l J n l o f P a n c . , 2 5 ( 1 ) : 5 3 - 5 7 .F l e i s h e r L N , T a l l AR, W i t t e L D , M i l l e r RW, Cannon P J , ( 1 9 8 2 )

“ S t i m u l a t i o n o f r t e r i a l E n d o t h e l i a l C e l l P r o s t a c y c l i n S y n t h e s i s b y

H i g h D e n s i t y L i p o p r o t e i n s ” , J o u r n a l o f B i o l C h e m , 2 5 7 : 6 6 5 3 - 6 6 5 5 .F o g e l m a n ( r e t r i e v e d f r o m h t t p : / / W W W . e k a t i u s . c o m / i / p r e s e n t a t i o n s /d e t a i l s / 0 5 0 4 0 6 / 0 5 A o n J a n . 1 3 , 2 0 0 9 c o r r e s p o n d i n g t r a n s c r i p t i o n

( p p . 2 - 7 o f t h e d o c u m e n t ) a n d p o W e r po i n t p r e s e n t a t i o n ( p p . 8 - 6 8 )t o t a l o f 6 8 p a g e s ) .

F o g e l m a n AM, ( 2 0 0 4 ) “When g o o d c h o l e s t e r o l g o e s b a d ” , N a t M e d ,

1 0 ( 9 ) : 9 0 2 - 9 0 3 .F o g e l m a n AM, S h e c h t e r I , S e a g e r J , Hok om M, C h i l d J , E d w a r d s

P A , ( 1 9 8 0 ) “ M a l o n d i a l d e h y d e a l t e r a t i o n o f l o w d e n s i t y l i p o p r o t e i n sl e a d s t o c h o l e s t e r y l e s t e r a c c u m u l a t i o n i n human monocyte

m a c r o p h a g e s ” , PNAS S A , 7 7 ( 4 ) : 2 2 1 4 - 2 2 1 8 .

F o r t e TM, S u b b a n a g o u n d e r G , B e r l i n e r J A , B l a n c h e P J , C l e r m o n t

AO, i a Z , Oda MN, K r a u s s RM, i e l i c k i J R , ( 2 0 0 2 ) “ A l t e r e d a c t i v it i e s o f a n t i - a t h e r o g e n i c e n Z y m e s LCAT, p a r a o x o n a s e , a n d p l a t e l e ta c t i v a t i n g f a c t o r a c e t y l h y d r o l a s e i n a t h e r o s c l e r o s i s - s u s c e p t i b l em i c e ” , J L i p i d R e s , 4 3 : 4 7 7 - 4 8 5 .

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F r i c k e r e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 5 ) “ E n t e r a l A b s o r p t i o n o f O c t r e o t i d e : M o d u l a t i o n

o f I n t e s t i n a l P e r m e a b i l i t y D i s t i n c t C a r b o h y d r a t e s ” , T h e J o u r n a l o f

P h a r m a c o l o g y a n d E x p e r i m e n t a l T h e r a p e u t i c s , 2 7 4 ( 2 ) : 8 2 6 - 8 3 2 .

F u e s s l e t a l . , ( 1 9 8 7 ) “ O r a l a b s o r p t i o n o f t h e s o m a t o s t a t i n a n a l o g u e

Sms 2 0 1 - 9 9 5 : t h e o r e t i c a l a n d p r a c t i c a l i m p l i c a t i o n s ” , C l i n i c a l S c i

e n c e , 72:255-257.

F u k u d a e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 0 ) “ B i l a y e r f o r m i n g i o n - p a i r a m p h i - p h i l e s f r o ms i n g l e c h a i n s u r f a c t a n t s ” ; JAm hem o c . , 1 1 2 : 1 6 3 5 - 1 6 3 7 .

F u t t e r m a n , e t a l . , (May 2 0 0 4 ) “ S t a t i n P l e i o t r o p y : F a c t o r F i c t i o n ? ” ,

Am r i t C a r e , 1 3 ( 3 ) : 2 4 4 - 2 4 9 .

Gabay C , K u s h n e r I , ( 1 9 9 9 ) “ A c u t e - P h a s e P r o t e i n s a n d O t h e r S y s

t e m i c R e s p o n s e s t o I n ? a m m a t i o n ” , N n g l J M e d , 3 4 0 ( 6 ) : 4 4 8 - 4 5 4 .

G a r b e r e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 2 ) “ T u r n o v e r o f S y n t he t i c C l a s s a A m p h i p a t h i c

P e p t i d e A n a l o g u e s o f E x c h a n g e a b l e A p o l i p o p r o t e i n s i n R a t s , C o r r e

l a t i o n w i t h P h y s i c a l P r o p e r t i e s ” , A r t e r i o s c l e r o s i s a n d T h r o m b o s i s ,

1 2 ( 8 ) : 8 8 6 - 8 9 4 .G a r b e r e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 7 ) “ A n t i - A t h e r o g e n i c P r o p e r t i e s o f a Model

A m p h i p a t h i c H e l i c a l P e p t i d e : S t u d i e s i n T r a n s g e n i c M i c e ” , S u p p l e

ment o C i r c u l a t i o n , 9 6 ( 8 ) : N o . 2 7 4 4 .

G a r b e r e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 9 ) “ P r o t e c t i o n a g a i n s t A t h e r o s c l e r o s i s i n M i c e by

a S y n t h e t i c C l a s s a A m p h i p a t h i c P e p t i d e A n a l o g o f A p o l i p o p r o t e i n

A - I ” , C i r c u l a t i o n , 1 0 0 ( 1 8 ) : 2 8 3 8 .G a r b e r e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 1 ) “A new s y n t h e t i c c l a s s a a m p h i p a t h i c p e p t i d e

a n a l o g u e p r o t e c t s m i c e f r o m d i e t - i n d u c e d a t h e r o s c l e r o s i s ” , J o u r n a lo f L i p i d R e s e a r c h , 4 2 : 5 4 5 - 5 5 2 .

G a r n e r e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 8 ) “ O x i d a t i o n o f H i g h D e n s i t y L i p o p r o t e i n s . I I .

E v i d e n c e f o r D i r e c t R e d u c t i o n o f L i p i d H y d r o p e r o x i d e s b y

M e t h i o n i n e R e s i d u e s o f A p o l i p o p r o t e i n s AI a n d AH”, J i o l Chem,

2 7 3 ( 1 1 ) : 6 0 8 8 - 6 0 9 5 .G a r n e r e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 8 ) “ O x i d a t i o n o f h i g h d e n s i t y l i p o p r o t e i n s . I . F o r

mation of methionine s u l f o x i d e i n a p o l i p o p r o t e i n s a t and an i s a n

e a r l y e v e n t t h a t a c c o m p a n i e s l i p i d p e r o x i d a t i o n a n d c a n b e e n h a n c e d

b y o t - t o c o p h e r o l ” , J B i o l C h e m , 2 7 3 ( 1 1 ) : 6 0 8 0 - 6 0 8 7 .

G a u t e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 2 ) “ M y e l o p e r o x i d a s e p r o d u c e s n i t r a t i n g o x i d a n t s i nv i v o ” , J l i n I n v e s t 1 0 9 ( 1 0) : 1 3 1 - 1 3 1 9 .G e o r g e e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 1 ) “ 1 2 / 1 5 - L i p o x y g e n a s e G e n e D i s r u p t i on A t t e n u

a t e s A t h e r o g e n e s i s i n L D L R e c e p t o r - D e ? c i e n t M i c e ” , C i r c u l a t i o n ,1 0 4 : 1 6 4 6 - 1 6 5 0 .

G e t Z e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 9 ) “ A p o p r o t e i n A - 1 m i m e t i c p e p t i d e s a n d h e i r p o t e n

t i a l a n t i - a t h e r o g e n i c m e c h a n i s m s o f a c t i o n ” , C u r r e n t O p i n i o n i n

L i p i d o l o g y , 2 0 : 1 - 5 .G h e r s i - E g e a e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 6 ) “ F a t e o f C e r e b r o s p i n a l F l u i d - B o r n e

A m y l o i d B - P e p t i d e : R a p i d C l e a r a n c e i n t o B l o o d a n d A p p r e c i a b l e

A c c u m u l a t i o n by C e r e b r a l A r t e r i e s ” , J N e u r o c h e m , 6 7 : 8 8 0 - 8 8 3 .

G l o m s e t , ( 1 9 6 8 ) “ T h e P l a s m a l e c i t h i n : c h o l e s t e r o l a c y t r a n s f e r a s e

r e a c t i o n ” , J L i p i d R e s 9 : 1 5 5 - 1 6 7 .

Gong e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 4 ) “ S t r u c t u r a l a n d f u n c t i o n a l p r o p e r t i e s o f human

a n d mouse a p o l i p o p r o t e i n A - I ” , B i o c h i m B i o p h y s A c t a , 1 2 1 3 : 3 3 5

3 4 2 .

Gordon t a l . , ( 1 9 7 7 ) “ H i g h d e n s i t y l i p o p r o t e i n a s a p r o t e c t i v e f a c t o ra g a i n s t c o r o n a r y h e a r t d i s e a s e . T h e Framingham S t u d y ” , Am e d ,

6 2 ( 5 ) : 7 0 7 - 7 1 4 .G r a f e t a l . , ( O c t . 1 9 9 6 ) “Random i r c u l a r p e r m ut a t i o n o f g e n e s a n d

e x p r e s s e d p o l yp e p t i d e c h a i n s : A p p l i c a t i o n o f t h e method o t h e c a t a

l y t i c c h a i n s o f a s p a r t a t e t r a n s c a r b a m o y l a s e ” , P r o c . N a t l . Acad S c i .

U S A , B i o c h e m i s t r y , 9 3 : 1 5 9 1 - 1 1 5 9 6 .

G u r ? n k e l e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 2 ) “ I n ? u e n z a V a c c i n e P i l o t S t u d y i n A c u t e

C o r o n a r y S y n d r o m e s a n d P l a n n e d P e r c u t a n e o u s C o r o n a r y I n t e r v e nt i o n s . T h e F L U V a c c i n a t i o n A c u t e C o r o n a r y S y n d r o m e s (FLUVACS)

S t u d y ” , C i r c u l a t i o n , 1 0 5 : 2 1 4 3 - 2 1 4 7 .

Hamase e t a l . ( 2 0 0 1 ) “ D e t e r m i n a t i o n o f F r e e D - P r o l i n e and

D - L e u c i n e i n t h e B r a i n s o f Mutant Mice L a c k i n g D-Amino Acid

O x i d a s e A c t i v i t y ” , A n a l y t i c a l B i o c h e m i s t r y 2 9 8 : 2 5 3 - 2 5 8 .

H a r a t s e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 0 ) “ O v e r e x p r e s s i o n o f 1 5 - L i p o x y g e n a s e i n V a s c u

l a r E n d o t h e l i u m A c c e l e r a t e s E a r l y A t h e r o s c l e r o i s i n LDL e c e p t o r

D e ? c i e n t Mi c e ” , A r t e r i o s c l e r T romb V a s c B i o l , 2 0 : 2 1 0 0 - 2 1 0 5 .

H a r d y e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 1 ) “ A n A u t o m a t e d H i g h - P e r f o r m a n c e L i q u i d C h r o

m a t o g r a p h y P r o c e d u r e f o r t h e Q u a n t i t a t i o n o f L - a n d D-Amino c i d s

b y M e a n s o f S t e p w i s e P r e c o l u m n D e r i v a t i Z a t i o n ” , A n a l y t i c a l B i o

c h e m i s t r y , 2 9 1 : 2 9 7 - 2 9 9 .

H a r k i n e t a l . ( 1 9 9 7 ) t h e E f f e c t s o f h y p e r - a n d h y p o c a r b i a on

i n t r a p a r e n c h y m a l a r t e r i o l e s i n r a t b r a i n s l i c e s , N e u r o r e p o r t , 8 : 1 8 4 1

1 8 4 4 .

H a s h i m o t o e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 0 ) “ I m p r o v e m e n t o f i n t e s t i n a l a b s o r p t i o n o f

p e p t i d e s : a b s o r p t i o n o f B - P h e mono l u c o s y l a t e d i n s u l i n t o r a t i n t e s

t i n a l b r u s h - b o r d e r membrane v e s i c l e s ” , E u r o p e a n J o u r n a l o f

P h a r m a c e u t i c s i o p h a r m a c e u t i c s , 5 0 : 1 9 7 - 2 0 4 .

Hauser t a 1 , ( 1 9 9 8 ) “ I d e n t i ? c a t i o n o f a R e c e p t o r Me d i a t i n g Absorp

t i o n o f D i e t a r y C h o l e s t e r o l i n t h e I n t e s t i n e ” , B i o c h e m i s t r y ,

3 7 ( 5 1 ) : 1 7 8 4 3 - 1 7 8 5 0 .H a y r y e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 5 ) “ S t a b i l e D - p e p t i d e a n a l o g o f n s u l i n - l i k e g r o w t h

f a c t o r - 1 i n h i b i t s s m o o t h m u s c l e c e l l p r o l i f e r a t i o n a f t e r c a r o t i d b a l

l o o n i n g i n j u r y i n t h e r a t ” , FASEB , 9 ( 1 3 ) : 1 3 3 6 - 1 3 4 4 .

H e i n e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 1 ) “ I n t e g r i n - b i n d i n g p e p t i d e s c o n t a i n i n g Rgd p r o

d u c e c o r o n a r y a r t e r i o l a r d i l a t i o n v i a c y c l o o x y g e n a s e a c t i v a t i o n ” , AmJ h y s i o l H e a r t C i r c P h y s i o l , 2 8 1 : H 2 3 7 8 - H 2 3 8 4 .

H e m a c h a n d e r e t a l . , ( M a r . 1 , 2 0 0 0 ) “ L i p a s e f r o m R a l s t o n i a p i c k e t t i ia s a n a d d i t i v e i n l a u n d r y d e t e r g e n t f o r m u l a t i o n s ” , P r o c e s s B i o c h e m .

3 5 ( 8 ) : 8 0 9 - 8 1 4 .H e n r i c k s e n e t a l . , ( 1 9 8 1 ) “ E n h a n c e d m a c r o p h a g e d e g r a da t i o n o f l o w

d e n s i t y l i p o p r o t e i n p r e v i o u s ly i n c u b a t e d w i t h c u l t u r e d e n d o t h e l i a lc e l l s : R e c o g n i t i o n b y r e c e p t o r f o r a c e t y l a t e d l o w d e n s i t y

l i p o p r o t e i n s ” , PNAS USA, 7 8 ( 1 0 ) : 6 4 9 9 - 6 5 0 3 .

H e s s l e r e t a 1 , ( 1 9 7 9 ) “LDL-induced y t o t o x i c i t y and t s i n h i b i t i o n by

HDL n human v a s c u l a r smooth muscle and e n d o t h e l i a l c e l l s i n

c u l t u r e ” , A t h e r o s c l e r o s i s , 3 2 ( 3 ) : 2 1 3 - 2 2 9 .

Hoffman e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 7 ) “ I s o p r o s t a n e s : F r e e R a d i c a l - G e n e r a t e dP r o s t a g l a n d i n s w i t h c o n s t r i c t o r E f f e c t s on c e r e b r a l A r t e r i o l e s ” ,

S t r o k e , 2 8 : 8 4 4 - 8 4 9 .

Hwang e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 7 ) “ C i r c u l a t i n g A d h e s i o n M o l e c u l e s VCAM-1,ICAM- , and s e l e c t i n i n C a r o t i d A t h e r o s c l e r o s i s and n c i d e n t Coro

n a r y H e a r t D i s e a s e C a s e s . The t h e r o s c l e r o s i s R i s k i n Communities

( A R I C ) S t u d y ” , C i r c u l a t i o n , 9 6 : 4 2 1 9 - 4 2 2 5 .

H yka e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 1 ) “ A p o l i p o p r o t e i n A - I I n h i b i t s t h e P r o d u c t i o n o f

I n t e r l e u k i n - 4 1 B a n d Tumor e c r o s i s F a c t o r - 0 t b y B l o c k i n g C o n t a c t

M e d i a t e d A c t i v a t i o n o f M o n o c y t e s b y T L y m p h o c y t e s ” , B l o o d ,

9 7 ( 8 ) : 2 3 8 1 - 2 3 8 9 .I s r a e l a c h v i l i e t a l . ( 1 9 8 0 ) “ P h y s i c a l p r i n c i p l e s o f membrane o r g a n i

z a t i o n ” , Q ev i o p h y s , 1 3 : 1 2 1 - 2 0 0 .

J a m a l u d d i n , e t a l . ( 1 9 8 7 ) “ A g g r e g a t o r y r e a c t i o n s o f b l o o d p l a t e l e t s i nu n s t i r r e d d i l u t e s u s p e n s i o n s a n d t h e i r m o n i t o r i n g b y

s p e c t r o p h o t o m e t r y ” , C u r r S c i , 5 6 : 2 5 4 - 2 5 6 .

J a m i e s o n e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 1 ) “ D e t e c t i o n o f L i p o p r o t e i n ( a ) i n

I n t r a p a r e n c h y m a l C e r e b r a l V e s s e l s : C o r r e l a t i o n w i t h V a s c u l a rP a t h o l o g y a n d C l i n i c a l H i s t o r y ” , E x p . M o l . P a t h o l . , 7 1 : 9 9 - 1 0 5 .

J i n e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 3 ) “ I n h i b i t i o n o f e n d o t h e l i a l l i p a s e c a u s e s i n c r e a s e d

HDL h o l e s t e r o l l e v e l s i n v i v o ” , J l i n I n v e s t , 1 1 1 ( 3 ) : 3 5 7 - 3 6 2 .

J o h n s o n e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 1 ) “ C h o l e s t e r o l t r a n s p o r t b e t w e e n c e l l s a n d h i g h

d e n s i t y l i p o p r o t e i n s ” , B i o c h e m B i o p h y s A c t a , 1 0 8 5 : 2 7 3 2 9 8 .J o n a s , ( 1 9 9 1 ) “ L e c i t h i n - c h o l e s t e r o l a c y l t r a n s f e r a s e i n t h e m e t a b o

l i s m o f h i g h - d e n s i t y l i p o p r o t e i n s ” , Biochim i o p h y s A c t a , 1 0 8 4 : 2 0 5

2 2 0 .

J o n a s , ( 2 0 0 0 ) “ L e c i t h i n c h o l e s t e r o l a c y l t r a n s f e r a s e ” , B i o c h e m

B i o p h y s A c t a , 1 5 2 9 : 2 4 5 - 2 5 6 .

J o n e s e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 2 ) “ C o m p u t e r P r o g r a m s t o I d e n t i f y a n d C l a s s i f y

A m p h i p a t h i c 0 t H e l i c a l D o m a i n s ” , J o u r n a l o f L i p i d R e s e a r c h ,

3 3 : 2 8 7 - 2 9 6 .

K a l e r e t a l . , ( 1 9 8 9 ) “ S p o n t a n e o u s v e s i c l e f o r m a t i o n i n a q u e o u s mix

t u r e s o f s i n g l e - t a i l e d s u r f a c t a n t s ” , S c i e n c e , 2 4 5 : 1 3 7 1 - 1 3 7 4 .

K a r l e e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 3 ) “ C r y s t a l s t r u c t u r e o f h y d r o p h o b i c 1 9 - r e s i d u e

p e p t i d e h e l i x c o n t a i n i n g t h r e e c e n t r a l l y l o c a t e d D a m i n o a c i d s ” ,P N A S , 1 0 0 ( 2 4 ) : 1 3 9 4 6 - 1 3 9 5 1 .K a r l e e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 4 ) “A combined e x t e n d e d a n d h e l i c a l b a c k b o n e f o r

B o c - ( A la - L e u - A c 7 c - ) 2 - O Me ” , J P e p t i d e R e s , 6 3 : 1 7 5 - 1 8 0 .

K i g a s a w a e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 5 ) “ I n h i b i t i o n o f c o r n e a l u l c e r a t i o n b y

t e t r a p e p t i d y l h y d r o x a m i c a c i d ” , J a p a n e s e J o u r n a l O p h t h a m o l o g y ,

3 9 ( 1 ) : 3 5 - 4 2 .Ko t a l . , ( 1 9 9 3 ) “ H i g h - d e n s i t y l i p o p r o t e i n r e d u c e s e p i d e r m a l g r o w t h

f a c t o r - i n d u c e d DNA y n t h e s i s i n v a s c u l a r s m o o t h m u s c l e c e l l s ” ,

A t h e r o s c l e r o s i s , 9 9 ( 2 ) : 2 5 3 - 2 5 9 .K o n t o s and e i , ( 1 9 9 8 ) “ C e r e b r a l a r t e r i o l a r d i l a t i o n s by K T P c h a n

n e l a c t i v a t o r s n e e d L - l y s i n e o r L - a r g i n i n e ” A m . J h y s i o l . 2 7 4 ( H e a r t

C i r c . P h y s i o l . 4 3 ) : H 9 7 4 - H 9 8 1 .

K r e i g e r , ( 1 9 9 9 ) “ C h a r t i n g t h e F a t e o f t h e “Good h o l e s t e r o l ” : I d e n

t i ? c a t i o n a n d C h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n o f t h e H i g h - D e n s i t y L i p o p r o t e i n

R e c e p t o r S R - B i ” , Annu Rev i o c h e m , 6 8 : 5 2 3 - 5 5 8 .

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K r u g e r e t a l . ( 2 0 0 5 ) “D-4F n d u c e s Heme x y g e n a s e - l a n d E x t r a c e l

l u l a r S u p e r o x i d e D i s m u t a s e , D e c r e a s e s E n d o t h e l i a l C e l l S l o u g h i n g ,

a n d I m p r o v e s V a s c u l a r R e a c t i v i t y i n R a t Model o f D i a b e t e s ” , C i r c u

l a t i o n , 1 1 1 ( 2 3 ) : 3 1 2 6 - 3 1 3 4 .K u l l e r e t a l . ( 1 9 9 1 ) “The R e l a t i o n between Serum Albumin L e v e l s

a n d R i s k o f C o r o n a r y H e a r t D i s e a s e i n t h e M u l t i p l e R i s k F a c t o r

I n t e r v e n t i o n T r i a l ” , A m e r i c a n J o u r n a l o f E p i d e m i o l o g y ,1 3 4 ( 1 1 ) : 1 2 6 6 - 1 2 7 7 .

K u l l m a n e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 9 ) “ E v a l u a t i o n o f t h e E n a n t i o m e r i c C o m p o s i t i o n

ofAmino A c i d s i n T o b a c c o ” , C h i r a l i t y 1 1 : 6 6 9 - 6 7 3 .

Kumar t a l . , ( J a n . 2 0 0 2 ) “A n o v e l p e p t i d e d e r i v a t i v e e x h i b i t s a n t ii n ? a m m a t o r y a n d a n t i o x i d a n t a c t i v i t y i n a d j u v a n t i n d u c e d a r t h r i t i s i n

r a t s ” , Mol e l l B i o c h e m , 2 2 9 ( 1 - 2 ) : 9 - 1 7 .

Kume e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 2 ) “ L y s o p h o s ph a t i d y l c ho l i n e , a Component o f

A t h e r o g e n i c L i p o p r o t e i n s , I n d u c e s M o n o n u c l e a r L e u k o c y t e A d h e

s i o n M o l e c u l e s i n C u l t u r e d H u m a n and R a b b i t A r t e r i a l E n d o t h e l i a l

C e l l s ” , J o u r n a l o f C l i n i c a l I n v e s t i g a t i o n , 9 0 : 1 3 8 - 1 1 4 4 .

L a n g e r e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 2 ) “ S o m a t i c c e l l m a p p i n g o f he b o v i n e i n t e r f e r o n

a l p h a r e c e p t o r ” , M a m m G e n o m e , 3 ( 4 ) : 2 3 7 - 4 0 .L a t i m e r e t a l . , ( 1 9 7 7 ) “ A p p l i c a t i o n o f l i g h t s c a t t e r i n g t h e o r y t o t h eo p t i c a l e f f e c t s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h t h e m o r p h o l o g y o f b l o o d p l a t e l e t s ” ,A r c h Biochem B i o p h y s , 1 8 0 : 1 5 1 - 1 5 9 .

Lawrence t a l . , ( 1 9 9 1 ) “ L e u k o c y t e s r o l l o n a s e l e c t i n a t p h y s i o l o g i c

? o w r a t e s : d i s t i n c t i o n f r o m a n d p r e r e q u i s i t e f o r a d h e s i o n t h r o u g hi n t e g r i n s ” , C e l l , 6 5 ( 5 ) : 8 5 9 - 8 7 3 .L e e e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 1 ) “ V i t a m i n C - I n d u c e d D e c o m p o s i t i o n o f L i p i d

H y d r o p e r o x i d e s t o E n d o g e n o u s G e n o t o x i n s ” , S c i e n c e , 2 9 2 : 2 0 8 3

2 0 8 6 .

L e g r a n d e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 2 ) “ M o l e c u l a r I n t e r a c t i o n s b e t w e e n Human

L a c t o t r a n s f e r r i n a n d t h e P h y t o h e m a g g l u t i n i n - A c t i v a t e d H uman

L y m p h o c y t e L a c t o t r a n s f e r r i n R e c e p t o r L i e i n Two L o o p - C o n t a i n i n g

R e g i o n s o f t h e N - T e r m i n a l Domain o f H uman L a c t o t r a n s f e r r i n ” ,

B i o c h e m i s t r y , 3 1 : 9 2 4 3 - 9 2 5 .

L e v i e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 0 ) “A R e t r o - I n v e r s o M i n i a n t i b o d y w i t h A n t i - H I V

A c t i v i t y ” , A i d s R e s uman R e t r o v i r u s e s , 1 6 ( 1 ) : 5 9 - 6 5 .

L e v i n e e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 3 ) “ I n v i v o p r o t e c t i o n a g a i n s t e n d o t o x i n b y p l a s m a

h i g h d e n s i t y l i p o p r o t e i n ” , PNAS U S A , 9 0 : 1 2 0 4 0 - 1 2 0 4 4 .

L i e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 3 ) “An a t h e r o g e n i c d i e t r a p i d l y i n d u c e s VCAM-1, a

c y t o k i n e - r e g u l a t a b l e m o n o n u c l e a r l e u k o c y t e a d h e s i o n m o l e c u l e , i n

r a b b i t a o r t i c e n d o t h e l i u m ” , A r t e r i o s c l e r T h r o m b o s i s , 1 3 ( 2 ) : 1 9 7 - 2 0 4 .

L i b b y e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 2 ) “ I n ? a m m a t i o n a n d A t h e r o s c le r o s i s ” , C i r c u l at i o n , 1 0 5 : 1 1 3 5 - 1 1 4 3 .

Lumsden e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 7 ) “ A n t i - V L A - 4 a n t i b o d y r e d u c e s i n t i m a l

h y p e r p l a s i a i n t h e e n d a r t e r e c t o m i z e d c a r o t i d a r t e r y i n nonhuman

p r i m a t e s ” , J a s c S u r g , 2 6 ( 1 ) : 8 7 - 9 3 .L u n d i n e t a l . , ( 1 9 8 6 ) “ A b s o r p t i o n o f I n t r a g a s t r i c a l l y A d m i n i s t e r e d

D D A V P n C o n s c i o u s D o g s ” , L i f e S c i e n c e s , 3 8 ( 8 ) : 7 0 3 - 7 0 9 .

Mach t a l . , ( 1 9 9 8 ) “ R e d u c t i o n o f a t h e r o s c l e r o s i s i n m i c e by n h i b i

t i o n o f CD40 i g n a l l i n g ” , N a t u r e , 3 9 4 : 2 0 0 - 2 0 3 .

M a l a , J o h n G e r a l d i n e S a n d a n a e t a l . , ( A u g . 2 0 0 1 ) “ S t r a i n i m p r o v e

m e n t o f A s p e r g i l l u s n i g e r f o r e n h a n c e d l i p a s e p r o d u c t i o n ” , J G e n

A p p l i c r o b i o l , 4 7 ( 4 ) : 1 8 1 - 1 8 6 .Man t a l . , ( 1 9 8 7 ) “ D - A s p a r t a t e i n Human B r a i n ” , J o f N e u r o c h e m ,

4 8 ( 2 ) : 5 1 0 - 5 1 5 .Manikandan e t a l . ( 2 0 0 2 ) “ A n t i o x i d a n t P o t e n t i a l o f a Novel

T e t r a p e p t i d e D e r i v a t i v e i n I s o p r o t e r e n o l - I n d u c e d M y o c a r d i a l N e c r o

s i s i n R a t s ” , P h a r m a c o l o g y , 6 5 : 1 0 3 - 1 0 9 .

M a t o e t a l . , ( A p r . 1 9 9 6 ) “ I n v o l v e m e n t o f s p e c i ? c m a c r o p h a g e - l i ne a g e c e l l s s u r r o u n d i n g a r t e r i o l e s i n b a r r i e r and s c a v e n g e r f u n c t i o n i n

b r a i n c o r t e x ” , PNAS U S A , 9 3 : 3 2 6 9 - 3 2 7 4 .

Mazoyer t a l . , ( 1 9 9 0 ) “KRDS, a new p e p t i d e d e r i v e d f r o m human

l a c t o t r a n s f e r r i n , i n h i b i t s p l a t e l e t a g g r e g a t i o n a n d r e l e a s e r e a c t i o n ” ,Eur JBiochem 1 9 4 : 4 3 - 4 9 .

M e e r a e t a l . ( S e p . 1 9 9 9 ) “ I n h i b i t i o n o f n e u t r o p h i l de r i v e d l y s o s o m a l

enzymes a n d r e a c t i v e o x y g e n s p e c i e s by a n o v e l t e t r a p e p t i d e ” ,

I n ? a m m R e s , 4 8 ( 9 ) : 4 7 9 - 4 8 4 .Mehrabian e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 2 ) “ I d e n t i ? c a t i o n o f 5 - L i p o x y g e n a s e a s a

M a j o r Gene C o n t r i b u t i n g t o A t h e r o s c l e r o s i s S u s c e p t i b i l i t y i n M i c e ” ,

C i r c R e s , 9 1 : 1 2 0 - 1 2 6 .

M e r r i ? e l d e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 5 ) “ R e t r o a n d R e t r o e n a n t i o A n a l o g s o f

C e c r o p i n - M e li t t i n H y b r i d s ” , PNAS USA, 9 2 : 3 4 4 9 - 3 4 5 3 .

M e y r i e r e t a l . ( 1 9 9 8 ) “ I s c h e m i c r e n a l d i s e a s e s : New n s i g h t s i n t o o l d

e n t i t i e s ” , K i d n e y I n t e r n a t i o n a l , 5 4 : 2 - 3 .

M i s h r a e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 4 ) “ I n t e r a c t i o n o f S y n t h e t i c P e p t i d e A n a l o g s o f he

C l a s s A ” , J B i o l C h e m , 2 6 9 ( 1 0 ) : 7 1 8 5 - 7 1 9 1 .

M i s h r a e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 5 ) “ E f f e c t o f t h e A r r a n g e m e n t o f Tandem R e p e a t

i n g U n i t s o f C l a s s a A m p h i p a t h i c a l p h a - H e l i x e s o n L i p i d I n t e r a c

t i o n ” , J B i o l C h e m , 2 7 0 ( 4 ) : 1 6 0 2 - 1 6 1 .

M i s h r a e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 8 ) “ S t u d i e s o f S y n t h e t i c P e p t i d e s o f Human

A p o l i po p r o t e i n A - I Tandem m p h i p a t h i c a l p h a - H e l i x e s ” , B i o c h e mi s t r y , 3 7 : 1 0 3 1 3 - 1 0 3 2 4 .

Moody e t a l . , ( S e p . 1 9 9 7 ) “ C e r e b r a l M i c r o v a s c u l a r A l t e r a t i o n s i nA g i n g , L e u k o a r a i o s i s , a n d A l z h e i m e r ’ s D i s e a s e ” , A n n a l s o f h e NewYorkAcademy o f S c i e n c e s , 8 2 6 : 1 0 3 - 1 1 6 .M o r e t a l . ( 1 9 9 2 ) “ E n t e r a new p o s t - t r a n s l a t i o n a l m o d i ? c a t i o n :

D - a m i n o a c i d s i n g e n e - e n c o d e d p e p t i d e s ” , T I B S , 1 7 : 4 8 1 - 4 8 5 .

Moro a n d R o d r i g u e z ( 1 9 9 1 ) “ A p p l i c a t i o n o f P h a s e S e p a r a t i o n a n d

Mass c t i o n Models o L o w g g r e g a t i o n N o . M i c e l l e s : A ompara

t i v e S t u d y ” , L a n g m u i r , 7 : 2 0 1 7 - 2 0 2 0 .

M u l d e r e t a l . ( 2 0 0 4 ) “ L o w - d e n s i t y l i p o p r o t e i n r e c e p t o r - k n o c k o u t

m i c e d i s p l a y i m p a i r e d s p a t i a l memory a s s o c i a t e d w i t h a d e c r e a s e d

s y n a p t i c d e n s i t y i n t h e h i p p o c a m p u s ” , N e u r o b i o l o g y o f i s e a s e 1 6 :2 1 2 - 2 1 9 .

M u r u g e s a n G , S a G , F o x P L , ( 1 9 9 4 ) “ H i g h - d e n s i t y l i p o p r o t e i ns t i m u l a t e s e n d o t h e l i a l c e l l movement by mechanism d i s t i n c t from

b a s i c ? b r o b l a s t g r o w t h f a c t o r ” , C i r c R e s , 7 4 ( 6 ) : 1 1 4 9 - 1 1 5 6 .

Nag ( 1 9 9 6 ) “ I m m u n o h i s t o c h e m i c a l L o c a l i z a t i o n o f E x t r a c e l l u l a rM a t r i x P r o t e i n s i n C e r e b r a l V e s s e l s i n C h r o n i c H y p e r t e n s i o n ” , J ' .

N e u r o p a t h . E x p . N e u r o l . , 5 5 ( 3 ) : 3 8 1 - 3 8 8 .Nag e t a l . ( 1 9 9 7 ) “ C e r e b r o v a s c u l a r C h a n g e s i n C h r o n i c H y p e r t e n

s i o n , P r o t e c t i v e E f f e c t s o f E n a l a p r i l i n R a t s ” , S t r o k e , 2 8 : 1 0 2 8 - 1 0 3 4 .

N a g a t a e t a l . ( 1 9 9 5 ) “ F r e e D - S e r i n e C o n c e n t r a t i o n i n Normal a n d

A l z h e i m e r Human B r a i n ” , B r a i n R e s . B u l l . , 3 8 ( 2 ) : 1 8 1 - 1 8 3 .

N a g a t a e t a l . ( 2 0 0 2 ) “Hemodynamic A s p e c t s o f A l z h e i m e r ’ s D i s

e a s e ” , A n n . NY c a d . S c i . , 9 7 7 : 3 9 1 - 4 0 2 .

N a g a t a e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 4 ) “ D i s t r i b u t i o n o f f r e e D - s e r i n e i n v e r t e b r a t e

b r a i n s ” , B r a i n R e s , 6 3 4 : 2 9 1 - 2 9 5 .

N a g h a v i e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 3 ) “ I n ? u e n z a I n f e c t i o n E x e r t s P r o m i n e n t In?am

matory and T h r o m b o t i c E f f e c t s on t h e A t h e r o s c l e r o t i c P l a q u e s o f

A p o l i p o p r o t e i n E - D e ? c i e n t M i c e ” , C i r c u l a t i o n , 1 0 7 : 7 6 2 - 7 6 8 .

N a k a m u r a e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 7 ) “ D e p o s i t i o n o f a m y l o i d [ 5 p r o t e i n ( A B )

s u b t y p e s [ A 5 4 0 a n d A [ 5 4 2 ( 4 3 ) ] i n c a n i n e s e n i l e p l a q u e s a n d c e r e b r a la m y o l o i d a n g i o p a t h y ” , A c t a N e u r o p a t h o l . 9 4 : 3 2 3 3 2 8 .

N a n j e e e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 1 ) “ I n t r a v e n o u s a p o A - I / l e c i t h i n d i s c s i n c r e a s epre-B-HDL c o n c e n t r a t i o n i n t i s s u e ? u i d and s t i m u la t e r e v e r s e c h o

l e s t e r o l t r a n s p o r t i n h u m a n s ” , J L i p i d R e s , 4 2 : 1 5 8 6 - 1 5 9 3 .

N a n j e e e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 9 ) “ A c u t e E f f e c t s o f I n t r a v e n o u s I n f u s i on o f

A p o A l / P h o s p h a t i d y l c h o l i n e D i s c s on P l a s m a L i p o p r o t e i n s i n

Humans”, r t e r i o s c l e r Thromb V a s c B i o l , 1 9 : 9 7 9 - 9 8 9 .

Navab e t a l . ( A u g . 2 2 , 2 0 0 5 ) “ O r a l S m a l l P e p t i d e s R e n d e r HDL

A n t i i n ? a m m a t o r y i n M i c e , a n d Monkeys a n d R e d u c e A t h e r o s c l e r o

s i s i n ApoE N u l l M i c e ” , C i r c . R e s . ( h t t p : / / c i r c r e s . a h a j o u r n a l s . o r g )9 7 : 5 2 4 - 5 3 2 .

N a v a b e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 0 ) “ N o r m a l h i g h - d e n s i t y l i p o p r o t e i n i n h i b i t s t h r e e

s t e p s i n t h e f o r m a t i o n o f m i l d l y o x i d i z e d l o w d e n s i t y l i p o p r o t e i n : s t e p1 ” , J L i p i d R e s , 4 1 : 1 4 8 1 - 1 4 9 4 .

N a v a b e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 0 ) “ N o r m a l h i g h - d e n s i t y l i p o p r o t e i n i n h i b i t s t h r e e

s t e p s i n t h e f o r m a t i o n o f m i l d l y o x i d i z e d l o w d e n s i t y l i p o p r o t e i n :

s t e p s 2 a n d 3 ” , J L i p i d R e s , 4 1 : 1 4 9 5 - 1 5 0 8 .

Navab e t a l . , ( J a n . 2 2 , 2 0 0 2 ) “ O r a l A d mi n i s t r a t i o n o f a n Apo A - I

M i m e t i c P e p t i d e S y n t h e s i z e d f r o m D-Amino A c i d s D r a m a t i c a l l yR e d u c e s A t h e r o s c l e r o s i s i n Mice I n d e p e n d e n t o f P l a s m a C h o l e s

t e r o l ” , C i r c u l a t i o n , 1 0 5 ( 3 ) : 2 9 0 - 2 9 2 .Navab e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 4 ) “ O r a l D-4F C a u s e s F o r ma t i o n o f P r e - B H i g h

D e n s i t y L i p o p r o t e i n a n d I m p r o v e s H i g h - D e n s i t y L i p o p r o t e i n - M e d i

a t e d C h o l e s t e r o l Ef?ux and R e v e r s e C h o l e s t e r o l T r a n s p o r t From

M a c r o p h a g e s i n A p o li o p r o t e i n E - N u l l M i c e ” , C i r c u l a t i o n , 1 0 9 : r 1 2 0

r 1 2 5 .

Navab t a l . , ( 2 0 0 4 ) “ T h e o x i d a t i o n h y p o t h e s i s o f a r t h e r o ge n e s i s : t h e

r o l e o f o x i d i z e d pho p h o l i p i d s a n d H DL ”, o u r n a l L i p i d R e s , 4 5 : 9 9 3

1 0 0 7 .

Navab t a l . ( 2 0 0 1 ) “ H D L a n d t h e I n ? a m m a t o r y Re s p o n s e I n d u c e d

by L D L - D e r i v e d O x i d i z e d P h o s p h o l i p i d s ” , A r t e r i o s c l e r T romb

V a s c B i o l , 2 1 : 4 8 1 - 4 8 8 .

N a v a b e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 3 ) “ O r a l S y n t h e t i c P h o s p h o l i p i d s (DMPC) R a i s e s

H i g h - D e n s i t y L i p o p r o t e i n C h o l e s t e r o l L e v e l s , I m p r o v e s H i g h - D e n

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s i t y L i p o p r o t e i n F u n c t i o n , a n d M a r k e d l y R e d u c e s A t h e r o s c l e r o s i s i n

A p o l i po p r o t e i n E - N u l l M i c e ” , C i r c u l a t i o n , 1 0 8 : 1 7 3 5 - 1 7 3 9 .

Navab e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 1 ) “A c e l l - f r e e a s s a y f o r d e t e c t i n g HDL h a t i s

d y s f u n c t i o n a l i n p r e v e n t i n g t h e f o r m a t i o n o f o r i n a c t i v a t i n g o x i d i z e d

p h o s p h o l i p i d s ” , J o u r n a l L i p i d R e s , 4 2 ( 8 ) : 1 3 0 8 - 1 3 1 7 .

Navab e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 7 ) “ M i l d ly O x i d i z e d LDL n d u c e s a n I n c r e a s e d

A p o l i po p r o t e i n J / P a r a o x o n a s e R a t i o ” , J C l i n I n v e s t , 9 9 ( 8 ) : 2 0 0 5

2 0 1 9 .

N a v a b e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 1 ) “ M o n o c y t e T r a n s m i g r a t i o n I n d u c e d b y Modi?

c a t i o n o f L o w D e n s i t y L i p o p r o t e i n i n C o c u l t u r e s o f Human A o r t i c

W a l l C e l l s i s d u e t o I n d u c t i o n o f Monocyte C h e m o t a c t i c P r o t e i n 1

S y n t h e s i s a n d s A b o l i s h e d b y H i g h D e n s i t y L i p o p r o t e i n ” , J o u r n a l o f

C l i n i c a l I n v e s t i g a t i o n , 8 8 : 2 0 3 9 - 2 0 4 6 .

N i e v e l s t e i n e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 1 ) “ L i p i d a c c u m u l a t i o n i n r a b b i t a o r t i c i n t i m a

t w o h o u r s a f t e r b o l u s i n f u s i o n o f l o w d e n s i t y l i p o p r o t e i n : A e e p - e t c h

a n d i m m u n o - l o c a l i z a t i o n s t u d y o f l t r a - r a p i d l y f r o z e n t i s s u e ” , A r t e

r i o s c l e r o s i s a n d T h r o m b o s i s , 1 1 ( 6 ) : 1 7 9 5 - 1 8 0 5 .

N i r m a l a and u v a n a k r i s h n a n , ( 1 9 9 6 ) “ E f f e c t o f Curcum in on e r t a i n

L y s o s o m a l H y d r o l a s e s i n I s o p r o t e r e n o l - I n d u c e d M y o c a r d i a l I n f a r c

t i o n i n R a t s ” , B i o c h e m P h a r m a c o l . , 5 1 ( 1 ) : 4 7 - 5 1 .

N i r m a l a a n d P u v a n a k r i s h n a n ( 1 9 9 6 ) “ P r o t e c t i v e r o l e o f c u r c u m i n

a g a i n s t i s o p r o t e r e n o l i n d u c e d m y o c a r d i a l i n f a r c t i o n i n r a t s ” , Mol

C e l l B i o c h e m . , 1 5 9 ( 2 ) : 8 5 - 9 3 .N i r m a l a a n d P u v a n a k r i s h n a n ( A u g . 1 9 9 8 ) C o l l a g e n p r o ?l e i ni s o p r o t e r e n o l i n d u c e d m y o c a r d i a l n e c r o s i s i n r a t s , I n d i a n J x p i o l ,

3 6 : 7 6 3 - 7 6 7 .

N i r m a l a e t a l . ( 1 9 9 9 ) “Curcumin t r e a t m e n t m o d u l a t e s c o l l a g e n

m e t a b o l i s m i n i s o p r o t e r e n o l i n d u c e d m y o c a r di a l n e c r o s i s i n r a t s ” ,

Mol C e l l B i o c h e , 1 9 7 : 3 1 - 3 7 .

Nomoto e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 8 ) “ I m p r o v e m e n t o f I n t e s t i n a l A b s o r p t i o n o f

P e p t i d e D r u g s b y G l y c o s y l a t i o n : T r a n s p o r t o f T e t r a p e p t i d e b y t h eSodium I o n - D e p e n d e n t D - G l u c o s e T r a n s p o r t e r ” , J h a n n a c e u t i c a l

S c i e n c e , 8 7 ( 3 ) : 3 2 6 - 3 3 2 .O ’ B r i e n e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 6 ) “ N e o v a s c u l a r E x p r e s s i o n o f E - S e l e c t i n ,I n t e r c e l l u l a r A d he s i o n M o l e c u l e - 1 , a n d V a s c u l a r C e l l A d h e s i o n Mol

e c u l e - 1 i n H u m a n A t h e r o s c l e r o s i s and t h e i r R e l a t i o n t o I n t i m a l

L e u k o c y t e C o n t e n t ” , C i r c u l a t i o n , 9 3 : 6 7 2 - 8 2 .

O ’ C o n n e l l B J , G e n e s t J J r . , ( 2 0 0 1 ) “ H i g h - D e n s i t y L i p o p r o t e i n s a n d

E n d o t h e l i a l Fu n c t i o n ” , C i r c u l a t i o n , 1 0 4 : 1 9 7 8 - 1 9 8 3 .O g u c h i e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 0 ) “ M o n o c l o n a l A n t i b o d y A g a i n s t V a s c u l a r C e l lAdhesion M o l e c u l e - 1 I n h i b i t s N e o i n t i m a l F o r m a t i o n A f t e r

P e r i a d v e n t i t i a l C a r o t i d A r t e r y I n j u r y i n G e n e t i c a l l y

H y p e r c h o l e s t e r o l e m i c M i c e ” , A r t e r i o s c l e r T romb V a s c B i o l ,2 0 : 1 7 2 9 - 1 7 3 6 .

Ohkuma t a l . ( 1 9 9 7 ) “ M o r p h o l o g i c a l C h a n g e s o f I n t r a p a r e n c h y r n a l

A r t e r i o l e s A f t e r E x p e r i m e n t a l S u b a r a c h n o i d H e m o r r h a g e i n D o g s ” ,

N e u r o s u r g e r y , 4 1 ( 1 ) : 2 3 0 - 2 3 6 .

O h t a n i e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 5 ) “ A g e - r e l a t e d c h a n g e s i n D - a s p a r t i c a c i d o f r a t

t e e t h ” , G r o w t h D e v e l o p g i n g , 5 9 : 5 5 - 6 1 .

O p e s k i n ( 1 9 9 6 ) “ C e r e b r a l A m y l o i d A n g i o p a t h y ” , A m . J F o r e n s i c

Med & P a t h o l . , 1 7 ( 3 ) : 2 4 8 - 2 5 4 .

Oram a n d Y o k o y a m a , ( 1 9 9 6 ) “ A p o l i po p r o t e i n - m e d i a t e d r e m o v a l o f

c e l l u l a r c h o l e s t e r o l a n d p h o s p h o l i p i d s ” , J i p i d R e s , 3 7 : 2 4 7 3 - 2 4 9 1 .

Ou t a l . ( 2 0 0 5 ) “ E f f e c t s o f D-4F on V a s o d i l a t i o n and V e s s e l Wall

T h i c k n e s s i n H y p e r h o l e s t e r o l e m i c L D L R e c e p t o r i N u l l a n d L D L

R e c e p t o r / A p o l i p o p r o t e i n A - I Double-Knockout Mice on WesternD i e t ” , C i r c . R e s . 9 7 : 1 1 9 0 - 1 1 9 7 .

Ou e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 3) “ A P - 4 F , a n t e n n a p e d i a p e p t i d e l i n k e d t o a n

a m p h i p a t h i c 0 t h e l i c a l p e p t i d e , i n c r e a s e s t h e e f ? c i e n c y o f

L i p o f e c t a m i n e - m e d i a t e d g e n e t r a n s f e c t i o n i n e n d o t h e l i a l c e l l s ” ,

B i o c h e m B i o p h y s R e s Commun, 3 0 5 : 6 0 5 - 6 1 0 .

Ou t a l . , ( 2 0 0 3 ) “ L - 4 F , a n A p o l i p op r o t e i n A - I M i m e t i c , D r a m a t i c a l l y

I m p r o v e s V a s o d i l a t i o n i n H y p e r c h o l e s t e r o l e m i a a n d S i c k l e C e l l D i s

e a s e ” , C i r c u l a t i o n , 1 0 7 ( 1 8 ) : 2 3 3 7 - 2 3 4 1 .Ou e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 3 ) “ L - 4 F , a n A p o li p o p r o t e i n A - I M i m e t i c , R e s t o r e s

N i t r i c O x i d e a n d S u p e r o x i d e A n i o n B a l a n c e i n L o w - D e n s i t y

L i p o p r o t e i n - T r e a t e d E n d o t h e l i a l C e l l s ” , C i r c u l a t i o n , 1 0 7 : 1 5 2 0

1 5 2 4 .

Owens t a l . , ( 1 9 9 0 ) “ A p o l i p o p r o t e i n A - I a n d i t s A m p h i p a t h i c H e l i x

P e p t i d e A n a l o g u e s I n h i b i t Human m m u n o d e ? c i e n c y V i r u s - i n d u c e d

S y n c y t i u m F o r m a t i o n ” , J l i n I n v e s t , 8 6 : 1 1 4 2 - 1 1 5 0 .

P a i g e n e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 0 ) “ A t h e r o s c l e r o s i s S u s c e p t i b i l i t y D i f f e r e n c e s

among P r o g e n i t o r s o f Recombinant I n b r e d S t r a i n s o f M i c e ” , A r t e

r i o s c l e r o s i s , 1 0 : 3 1 6 - 3 2 3 .

P a l g u n a c h a r i e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 6 ) “ O n l y t h e Two End H e l i x e s o f E i g h t

Tandem A m p h i p a t h i c H e l i c a l Domains o f H uman A p o A - I Have

S i g n i ? c a n t L i p i d A f ? n i t y . I m p l i c a t i o n s f o r H D L A s s e m b l y ” , A r t e

r i o s c l e r o s i s , T h r o m b o s i s , a s c u l a r B i o l o g y , 1 6 : 3 2 8 - 3 3 8 .P a n i z z u t t i e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 1 ) “A new s t r a t e g y t o d e c r e a s e N-methyl-D

a s p a r t a t e ( N M D A ) e c e p t o r c o a c t i v a t i o n . I n h i b i t i o n o f D - s e r i n e s y n

t h e s i s by c o n v e r t i n g s e r i n e r a c e m a s e i n t o a n e l i m i n a s e ” , PNAS

9 8 ( 9 ) : 5 2 9 4 - 5 2 9 9 .P a p o e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 2 ) “ T h e C o n s e q u e n c e o f S e q u e n c e A l t e r a t i o n o f a n

A m p h i p a t h i c o t - H e l i c a l A n t i m i c r o b i a l P e p t i d e a n d i t s

D i a s t e r e o m e r s ” , J B i o l C h e m , 2 7 7 ( 3 7 ) : 3 3 9 1 3 - 3 3 9 2 1 .

P a p p e n h e i m e r e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 4 ) “ I n t e s t i n a l a b s o r p t i o n a n d e x c r e t i o n o f

o c t a p e p t i d e s composed o f D m i n o a c i d s ” , PNAS USA 1 : 1 9 4 2

1 9 4 5 .

P a p p e n h e i m e r e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 7 ) “ A b s o r p t i o n a n d E x c r e t i o n o f U n d e g r a d

a b l e P e p t i d e s : R o l e s o f L i p i d S o l u b i l i t y a n d N e t C h a r g e ” , J Pharma

c o l o g y & x p e r i m e n t a l T h e r a p e u t i c s , 2 8 0 ( 1 ) : 2 9 2 - 3 0 0 .P a r t h a s a r a t h y e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 4 ) “ M e c h a n i s m s o f o x i d a t i o n a n t i o x i d a n t s ,a n d a t h e r o s c l e r o s i s ” , C u r r O p i n L i p i d o l , 5 ( 5 ) : 3 7 1 - 3 7 5 .P a s q u i e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 5 ) “ S t r u c t u r a l a n d f u n c t i o n a l a b n o r m a l i t y o f s y s

t e m i c m i c r o v e s s e l s i n c a r d i a c s y n d r o m e X ” , N u t r i t i o n , M e t a b o l i s mand C a r d i o v a s c u l a r D i s e a s e s , 1 5 : 5 6 - 6 4 .

P a s c e r i e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 1 ) “ M o d u l a t i o n o f C - R e a c t i v e P r o t e i n - M e d i a t e d

Monocyte C h e m o a t t r a c t a n t P r o t e i n - 1 I n d u c t i o n i n H u m an

E n d o t h e l i a l c e l l s b y A n t i - A t h e r o s c l e r o s i s D r u g s ” , C i r c u l a t i o n ,1 0 3 : 2 5 3 1 - 2 5 3 4 .

P a s c e r i V , W i l l e r s o n J T , Yeh E T , ( 2 0 0 0 ) “ D i r e c t P r o i n ? a m m a t o r y

E f f e c t o f C - R e a c t i v e P r o t e i n on H u m a n E n d o t h e l i a l C e l l s ” , C i r c u l a

t i o n , 1 0 2 : 2 1 6 5 - 2 1 6 8 .

P a t e r n o e t a l . ( 2 0 0 4 ) “ R e c o n s t i t u t e d H i g h - D e n s i t y L i p o p r o t e i n

E x h i b i t s N e u r o p r o t e c t i o n i n Two R a t M o d e l s o f S t r o k e ” ,

C e r e b r o v a s c D i s . 1 7 ( 2 - 3 ) : 2 0 4 - 2 1 1 , Epub D e c . 2 9 , 2 0 0 3 .

P a t s z t y e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 4 ) “ A p o l i p o p r o t e i n A I T r a n s g e n e C o r r e c t s

A p o l i p o p r o t e i n E D e ? c i e n c y - i n d u c e d A t h e r o s c l e r o s i s i n M i c e ” , JC l i n i c a l I n v e s t i g a t i o n , 9 4 : 8 9 9 - 9 0 3 .

P e n g e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 1 ) “ E f f e c t s o f L - g l u t a m a t e , D - a s p a r t a t e , a n d

monensin on g l y c o l y t i c and o x i d a t i v e g l u c o s e metabolism n mouse

a s t r o c y t e c u l t u r e s : f u r t h e r e v i d e n c e t h a t g l u t a m a t e u p t a k e i s m e t ab o l i c a l l y d r i v e n b y o x i d a t i v e m e t a b o l i s m ” , N e u r o c h e m i s t r y I n t e r n a

t i o n a l , 3 8 : 4 3 7 - 4 4 3 .

P e t e r s o n e t a l . ( 2 0 0 9 ) “The L - 4 F m i m e t i c p e p t i d e p r e v e n t s i n s u l i n

r e s i s t a n c e t h r o u g h i n c r e a s e d l e v e l s o f H O - 1 , pAMPK, a n d p A K T no b e s e m i c e ” , J L i p i d R e s . , 5 0 : 1 2 9 3 - 1 3 0 4 .

P h a r m a l i c e n s i n g ( J a n . 2 7 , 2 0 0 1 ) “ E s p e r i o n B u i l d s a N o v e l P e p t i d e s

P r o g r a m ” , 2 p a g e s h t t p : / / w w w . p h a r m a l i c e n s i n g . c o m / n e w s / a d i s p /

9 4 7 8 8 8 0 0 1 i 3 8 7 f 9 f 8 1 7 c 6 0 2 .

P h a r m a l i c e n s i n g ( J a n . 2 8 , 2 0 0 1 ) “ M u l t i p l e P e p t i d e S y s t e m s F o r m s

J o i n t V e n t u r e w i t h E l a n ” , 2 p a g e s h t t p : / / w w w . p h a r m a l i c e n s i n g . c o m /

n e w s / a d i s p / 9 2 3 7 4 2 7 6 1 i 3 7 0 f 3 2 2 9 d b 1 5 2 .

P h a r m a l i c e n s i n g ( J a n . 2 8 , 2 0 0 1 ) “ U n i g e n e t o R e c e i v e P a t e n t f o rD e l i v e r y o f P e p t i d e P h a r m a c e u t i c a l s ” 2 p a g e s h t t p : / / w w w .

p h a r m a l i c e n s i n g . c o m / n e w s / a d i s p / 9 5 2 9 0 6 2 4 0 3 8 c c 3 2 0 0 9 5 2 8 f .

P h i l i p s e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 3 ) “ P l a s m a L i p o p r o t e i n s a n d P r o g r e s s i o n o f C o r o

n a r y A r t e r y D i s e a s e E v a l u a t e d b y A n g i o g r a p h y a n d C l i n i c a l E v e n t s ” ,

C i r c u l a t i o n , 8 8 : 2 7 6 2 - 2 7 7 0 .P i l o n e , ( 2 0 0 0 ) “ D - a m i n o a c i d o x i d a s e : new ? n d i n g s ” , CMLS, C e l l

Mol i f e S c i , 5 7 : 1 7 3 2 1 7 4 7 .

P l u m p e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 4 ) “Human a p o l i p o p r o t e i n A - I g e n e e x p r e s s i o n

i n c r e a s e s h i g h d e n s i t y l i p o p r o t e i n a n d s u p p r e s s e s a t h e r o s c l e r o s i s i n

t h e a p o l i p o p r o t e i n E - d e ? c i e n t m o u s e ” , PNAS USA, 9 1 : 9 6 0 7 - 9 6 1 .

P u r d u e News ( O c t . 2 0 0 0 ) ‘ M i c r o s p h e r e s ’ O f f e r P r o m i s e f o r O r a l

D r u g D e l i v e r y ( 3 p a g e s ) .P u r d u e News ( S e p . 1 2 , 1 9 9 7 ) New O r a l I n s u l i n D e l i v e r y S y s t e m

S h o w s P r o m i s e ( 3 p a g e s ) .P u v a n a k r i s h n a n a n d B o s e , O c t . 1 9 8 4 ) “ I m m o b i l i z a t i o n o f P e p s i n o n

S a n d : P r e p a r a t i o n , C h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n a n d A p p l i c a t i o n ” , I n d i a n J

B i o c h e m B i o p h y s , 2 1 ( 5 ) : 3 2 3 - 6 .P u v a n a k r i s h n a n a n d L a n g e r ( J u n . 1 9 9 0 ) “ D e t e c t i o n a n d A n a l y s i s o f

I n t e r f e r o n - a l p h a R e c e p t o r s o n P l a s m a Membranes a n d i n D e t e r g e n t

E x t r a c t s ” , J I n t e r f e r o n R e s . , 1 0 ( 3 ) : 2 9 9 - 3 0 7 .

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Q i a n e t a l . ( 1 9 9 5 ) “ I s o l a t i o n a n d c h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n o f s h e e p l a c t o f e r r i n ,

a n i n h i b i t o r o f p l a t e l e t a g g r e g a t i o n a n d c o m p a r i s o n w i t h human

l a c t o f e r r i n ” , B i o c h i m B i o p h y s A c t a , 1 2 4 3 : 2 5 - 3 2 .

Raha e t a l . , ( 1 9 8 8 ) “ K R D S a T e t r a p e p t i d e D e r i v e d From

L a c t o t r a n s f e r r i n I n h i b i t s B i n d i n g o f M o n o c l o n a l A n t i b o d y A g a i n s t

G l y c o p r o t e i n I I b - I I I a on ADP-Stimulated P l a t e l e t s and

M e g a k a r y o c y t e s ” , B l o o d 7 2 ( 1 ) : 1 7 2 - 1 7 8 .

R a j a s h r e e a n d P u v a n a k r i s h n a n ( J a n . 1 9 9 6 ) “ A l t e r a t i o n s i n c e r t a i n

l y s o s o m a l g l y c o h y d r o l a s e s a n d c a t h e p s i n s i n r a t s o n d e x a m e t h a s o n e

a d m i n i s t r a t i o n ” , Mol C e l l B i o c h e m , 1 5 4 ( 2 ) : 1 6 5 - 7 0 .

R a j a s h r e e a n d P u v a n a k r i s h n a n , ( A p r 1 9 9 8 ) “ D e x a m e t h a s o n e

i n d u c e d a l t e r a t i o n s i n e n z y m a t i c a n d n o n e n z y m a t i c a n t i o x i d a n t s t a

t u s i n h e a r t a n d k i d n e y o f r a t s ” , Mol e l l B i o c h e m , 1 8 1 ( 1 - 2 ) : 7 7 - 8 5 .

R a j a s h r e e a n d P u v a n a k r i s h n a n ( J u l . 1 9 9 9 ) “ D e x a m e t h a s o n e i n d u c e d

a l t e r a t i o n s i n t h e l e v e l s o f p r o t e a se s i n v o l v e d i n b l o o d p r e s s u r e

h o m e o s t a s i s a n d b l o o d c o a g u l a t i o n i n r a t s ” , Mol C e l l B i o c h e m ,

1 9 7 ( 1 - 2 ) : 2 0 3 - 8 .R a j a s h r e e a n d P u v a n a k r i s h n a n ( N o v . 2 0 0 0 ) “ A l t e r a t i o n s i n c o l l a g e n

metabolism n h e a r t and k i d n e y on dexamethasone a d m i n i s t r a t i o n i n

r a t s ” , I n d i a n JExp i o l , 3 8 ( 1 1 ) : 1 1 1 7 - 2 3 .

Ramesh e t a l . ( A p r . 1 9 9 5 ) “ I n v i t r o s t u d i e s on a n o v e l m i c e l l e

f o r m i n g p e p t i d e w i t h a n t i c o a g u l a n t a c t i v i t y ” , I n t J P e p t P r o t e i n

R e s . , 4 5 ( 4 ) : 3 8 6 - 9 0 .Ramesh e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 8 ) “A N o v e l S u r f a c e - a c t i v e P e p t i d e D e r i v a t i v e

E x h i b i t s i n v i t r o I n h i b i t i o n o f P l a t e l e t A g g r e g a t i o n ” ,

P e p t i d e s , 1 9 : 1 6 9 5 - 1 7 0 2 .Ramesh t a l . ( O c t . 1 9 9 ) “ E f f e c t o f a n o v e l t e t r a p e p t i d e d e r i v a t i v e i n

a model o f i s o p r o t e r e n o l i n d u c e d m y o c a r d i a l n e c r o s i s ” , Mol C e l l

B i o c h e m , 1 8 7 ( 1 - 2 ) : 1 7 3 - 8 2 .R a n g a n a t h a n e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 0 ) “ C h a n n e l f o r m i n g , s e l f - a s s e m b l i n g ,b i s h e l i c a l a m p h i p h i l i c p e p t i d e s : d e s i g n , s y n t h e s i s a n d c r y s t a l s t r u c

t u r e o f P y ( A i b n ) 2 , n : 2 , 3 , 4 ” , J P e p t i d e R e s , 5 6 : 4 1 6 - 4 2 6 .

R a v i c h a n d r a n a n d P u v a n a k r i s h n a n ( J u n . 1 9 9 1 ) “ I n v i v o l a b e l i n g

s t u d i e s o n t h e b i o s y n t h e s i s a n d d e g r a d a t i o n o f c o l l a g e n i n e x p e r i

m e n t a l m y o c a r d i a l i n f a r c t i o n ” , B i o c h e m I n t , 2 4 ( 3 ) : 4 0 5 - 1 4 .

R a v i c h a n d r a n a n d P u v a n a k r i s h n a n , ( O c t . 1 9 9 3 ) “ C o l l a g e n l e v e l s i ni s o p r o t e r e n o l i n d u c e d m y o c a r d i a l i n f a r c t i o n i n r a t s ” , I n d i a n J Exp

B i o , 3 1 ( 1 0 ) : 8 2 5 - 3 0 .

R a v i c h a n d r a n e t a l . ( O c t . 1 9 9 0 ) “ A l t e r a t i o n s i n t h e h e a r t l y s o s o m a ls t a b i l i t y i n i s o p r o t e r e n o l i n d u c e d m y o c a r d i a l i n f a r c t i o n i n r a t s ” ,

B i o c h e m I n t , 2 2 ( 2 ) : 3 8 7 - 9 6 .

R a v i c h a n d r a n e t a l . ( F e b . 1 9 9 1 ) “ I n ? u e n c e o f I s o p r o t e r e n o l - I n d u c e d

M y o c a r d i a l I n f a r c t i o n o n C e r t a i n G l y c o h y d r o l a s e s a n d C a t h e p s i n s i n

R a t s ” , B i o c h e m Med Metab i o l , 4 5 ( 1 ) : 6 - 1 5 .

R e a p e e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 9 ) “ C h e m o k i n e s a n d a t h e r o s c l e r o s i s ” , A t h e r o s c l e

r o s i s , 1 4 7 : 2 1 3 - 2 2 5 .

Reddy t a l . , ( 2 0 0 4 ) “ P o t e n t i a l R o l e f o r M i t o g e n - A c t i v a t e d P r o t e i n

K i n a s e P h o s p h a t a s e - 1 i n t h e D e v e l o p m e n t o f A t h e r o s c l e r o t i c

L e s i o n s i n Mouse M o d e l s ” , A r t e r i o s c l e r T romb V a s c B i o l , 2 4 : 1 6 7 6

1681

Reddy t a l . , ( 2 0 0 1 ) “Hu man P a r a o x o n a s e - 3 i s a n HDL s s o c i a t e d

Enzyme w i t h B i o l o g i c a l A c t i v i t y S i m i l a r t o P a r a o x o n a s e - l P r o t e i n

b u t i s n o t R e g u l a t e d by O x i d i z e d L i p i d s ” , A r t e r i o s c l e r T romb V a s c

B i o l , 2 1 : 5 4 2 - 5 4 7 .

R e u b s a e t e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 9 ) “ Q u a l i t a t i v e a n d q u a n t i t a t i v e a s p e c t s o f t h e

d e g r a d a t i o n o f s e v e r a l t r i p e p t i d e s d e r i v e d f r o m t h e a n t i t u m o u rp e p t i d e a n t a g o n i s t [ A r g 6 , D - T r p 7 ‘ 9 , M e P h e 8 ] s u b s t a n c e P { 6 - 1 1 } ” , JP h a r m a c e u t i o m e d A n a l y s i s , 1 9 ( 3 - 4 ) : 2 7 7 - 2 8 4 .

R i d k e r P M , ( 2 0 0 2 ) “ O n E v o l u t i o n a r y B i o l o g y , I n ? a m m a t i o n , I n f e ct i o n , a n d t h e C a u s e s o f A t h e r o s c l e r o s i s ” , C i r c u l a t i o n , 1 0 5 : 2 - 4 .

R o h e r e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 3 ) “ [ 5 - A m y l o i d - ( 1 - 4 2 ) i s a m a j o r c o m p o n e n t o f

c e r e b r o v a s c u l a r a m y l o i d d e p o s i t s : I m p l i c a t i o n s f o r t h e p a t h o l o g y o f

A l z h e i m e r d i s e a s e ” , PNAS, USA, 9 0 : 1 0 8 3 6 - 1 0 8 4 0 .

Roman e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 2 ) “ S u b c o r t i c a l i s c h a e m i c v a s c u l a r d e m e n t i a ” ,

L a n c e t N e u r o l . , 1 : 4 2 6 - 4 3 6 .

R o n g e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 1 ) “ E l e v a t i n g H i g h - D e n s i t y L i p o p r o t e i n C h o l e s t e r o li n A p o l i p o p r o t e i n E - D e ? c i e n t Mic e Remo dels Advanced t h e r o s c l e

r o t i c L e s i o n s b y D e c r e a s i n g M a c r o p h a g e a n d I n c r e a s i n g S m o o t h

M u s c l e C e l l C o n t e n t ” , C i r c u l a t i o n , 1 0 4 : 2 4 4 7 - 2 4 5 2 .

R u b i n e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 1 ) “ I n h i b i t i o n o f e a r l y a t h e r o g e n e s i s i n t r a n s g e n i c

m i c e b y human p o l i p o p r o t e i n A 1 ” , N a t u r e , 3 5 3 : 2 6 5 - 2 6 7 .

S a b b a t i n i e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 1 ) “ M i c r o a n a t o m i c a l c h a n g e s o f i n t r a c e r e b r a l

a r t e r i e s i n s p o n t a n e o u s l y h y p e r t e n s i v e r a t s : a model o f

c e r e b r o v a s c u l a r d i s e a s e o f t h e e l d e r l y ” , M e c h . A g e i n g e v . , 1 2 2 :

1 2 5 7 - 1 2 6 8 .

S a n k a r a n a r a y a n a n e t a l . , ( D e c . 1 9 8 7 ) “ A f ? n i t y p u r i ? c a t i o n o f

h e x o s a m i n i d a s e s ” , J B i o c h e m B i o p h y s M e t h o d s , 1 5 ( 3 - 4 ) : 2 0 7 - 1 4 .

S a t t l e r e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 3 ) “ G r e a t e r s e l e c t i v e u p t a k e b y Hep G2 c e l l s o fh i g h - d e n s i t y l i p o p r o t e i n c h o l e s t e r y l e s t e r h y d r o p e r o x i d e s t h a n o f

u n o x i d i z e d c h o l e s t e r y l e s t e r s ” , B i o c h e m J , 2 9 4 ( P t 3 ) : 7 7 1 - 7 7 8 .S c h o n b e c k a n d L i b b y , ( 2 0 0 4 ) “ I n ? a m m a t i o n , I m m u n i t y , a n d H mgCoA R e d u c t a s e I n h i b i t o r s , S t a t i n s a s A n t i i n ? a m m a t o r y A g e n t s ? ”

C i r c u l a t i o n 1 0 9 ( S u p p l I I ) : I I - 1 8 - I I - 2 6 .S c h r o d e r e t a l . , ( 1 9 6 9 ) “ S y n t h e s i s , O c c u r r e n c e , a n d A c t i o n o f B i o

l o g i c a l l y A c t i v e P o l y p e p t i d e s ” , T h e P e p t i d e s , v o l . I I , p . 2 6 ( a n d

r e l e v a n t p a s s a g e t r a n s l a t e d t o E n g l i s h ) .

S e g r e s t e t a l . , ( 1 9 7 4 ) “A M o l e c u l a r T h e o r y o f L i p i d - P r o t e i n I n t e r a ct i o n i n t h e P l a s m a L i p o p r o t e i n s . ” FEBS e t t , 3 8 ( 3 ) : 2 4 7 - 2 5 3 .

S e g r e s t e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 0 ) “ A m p h i p a t h i c H e l i x M o t i f : C l a s s e s a n d P r o p

e r t i e s ” , P r o t e i n s . ‘ S t r u c t u r e , F u n c t i o n and e n e t i c s , 8 : 1 0 3 - 1 1 7 .

S e g r e s t e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 2 ) “ T h e A m p h i p a t h i c H e l i x i n t h e E x c h a n g e a b l e

A p o l i p o p r o t e i n s : A e v i e w o f S e c o n d a r y S t r u c t u r e a n d F u n c t i o n ” , JL i p i d R e s e a r c h 3 3 : 1 4 1 - 1 6 6 .

S e g r e s t e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 4 ) “ A m p h i p a t h i c 0 t H e l i x : A u l t i f u n c t i o n a l S t r u c

t u r a l M o t i f n P l a s m a A p o l i p o p r o t e i n s ” , Adv r o t Chem, 4 5 : 3 0 3 - 3 6 9 .S e g r e s t e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 0 ) “ S t r u c t u r e a n d f u n c t i o n o f a p o l i p o p r o t e i n A - I

a n d h i g h - d e n s i t y l i p o p r o t e i n ” , C u r r e n t O p i n L i p i d o l , 1 1 : 1 0 5 - 1 1 5 .

S e n i o r , K a t h r y n ( S e p . 2 5 , 1 9 9 9 ) “New p t i o n s d e v e l o p e d f o r n e e d l e

f r e e d r u g d e l i v e r y ” , ( S t a t i s t i c a l D a t a I n c l u d e d ) , L a n c e t , 2 p a g e s

h t t p : / / w w w . ? n d a r t i c l e s . c o m / c f 0 / m 0 8 3 3 / 9 1 8 4 i 3 5 4 / 5 5 9 1 4 7 2 3 /

p r i n t . j h t m l on J a n . 2 8 , 2 0 0 1 .

S h a h e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 8 ) “ E f f e c t s o f R e c o m b i n a n t A p o l i p o p r o t e i n A - I M l - l a n oon o r t i c A t h e r o s c l e r o s i s i n A p o l i p o p r o t e i n E - D e ? c i e n t M i c e ” , C i r

c u l a t i o n , 9 7 ( 8 ) : 7 8 0 - 7 8 5 .S h a h e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 1 ) “ H i g h - D o s e R e c o m b i n a n t A p o l i p o p r o t e i n

A - I Mime M o b i l i z e s T i s s u e C h o l e s t e r o l and R a p i d l y Reduces l a q u e

L i p i d a n d M a c r o p h a g e C o n t e n t i n A p o l i p o p r o t e i n E - D e ? c i e n t M i c e :

P o t e n t i a l I m p l i c a t i o n s f o r A c u t e P l a q u e S t a b i l i z a t i o n ” , C i r c u l a t i o n ,1 0 3 : 3 0 4 7 - 3 0 5 0 .

S h i h e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 0 ) “Combined Serum a r a o x o n a s e / A p o l i p o p r o t e i n E

Knockout Mice E x h i b i t I n c r e a s e d L i p o p r ot e i n O x i d a t i o n a n d Ath

e r o s c l e r o s i s ” , J B i o l C h e m , 2 7 5 ( 2 3 ) : 1 7 5 2 7 - 1 7 5 3 5 .S h i h e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 9 ) “ M i n i m a l l y m o d i ? e d l o w - d e n s i t y l i p o p r o t e i ni n d u c e s m o n o c y t e a d h e s i o n t o e n d o t h e l i a l c o n n e c t i n g s e g r n e n t - l b y

a c t i v a t i n g [ 3 1 i n t e g r i n ” , J l i n I n v e s t , 1 0 3 ( 5 ) : 6 1 3 - 6 2 5 .S h i s h e h b o r e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 3 ) “ A s s o c i a t i o n o f N i t r o t y r o s i n e L e v e l s w i t h

C a r d i o v a s c u l a r D i s e a s e a n d M o d u l a t i o n by t a t i n T h e r a p y ” , JAMA,

2 8 9 ( 1 3 ) : 1 6 7 5 - 1 6 8 0 .S i l k e n s e n e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 9 ) “ I d e n t i ? c a t i o n o f c l u s t e r i n s e q u e n c e s medi

a t i n g r e n a l t u b u l a r c e l l i n t e r a c t i o n s ” , J P e p t i d e R e s . , 5 4 :4 4 9 - 5 4 7 .

S i n g h e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 0 ) “ I n n a t e D e f e n c e s A g a i n s t V i r a e m i a ” , R e v MedI / l r o l , 1 0 : 3 9 5 - 4 0 3 .

S o n n t a g e t a l . ( 1 9 9 7 ) “ D e c r e a s e s i n C e r e b r a l M i c r o v a s c u l a t u r e w i t h

Age Are A s s o c i a t e d w i t h t h e D e c l i n e i n Growth Hormone and I n s u

l i n - L i k e G r o w t h F a c t o r 1 * ” , E n d o c r i n o l o g y 1 3 8 ( 8 ) : 3 5 1 5 - 3 5 2 0 .

S o r e s c u e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 1 ) “NAD(P)H o x i d a s e s a n d t h e i r r e l e v a n c e t o

a t h e r o s c l e r o s i s ” , T r e n d s C a r d i o v a s M e d , 1 1 ( 3 - 4 ) : 1 2 4 - 1 3 1 .

S p i e k e r e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 2 ) “ H i g h - D e n s i t y L i p o p r o t e i n R e s t o r e s

E n d o t h e l i a l F u n c t i o n i n H y p e r c h o l e s t e r o l e m i c M e n ” , C i r c u l a t i o n ,1 0 5 : 1 3 9 9 - 1 4 0 2 .

S p r e c h e r e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 3 ) “ T h e L o w HDL C h o l e s t e r o l / H i g h

T r i g l y c e r i d e T r a i t ” , A r t e r i o s c l e r T r o m b , 1 3 : 4 9 5 - 5 0 4 .

S p r i n g e r T A , ( 1 9 9 0 ) “ A d h e s i o n r e c e p t o r s o f t h e immune s y s t e m ” ,

N a t u r e , 3 4 6 : 4 2 5 - 4 3 4 .

S r i n i v a s e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 0 ) “ A n t i v i r a l E f f e c t s o f p o l i p o p r o t e i n A - I a n d I t s

S y n t h e t i c A m p h i p a t h i c P e p t i d e A n a l o g s ” , I / l r o l o g y , 1 7 6 : 4 8 - 5 7 .S t a n n a r d e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 1 ) “ I n a b i l i t y o f p l a s m a h i g h - d e n s i t y l i p o p r o t e i n st o i n h i b i t c e l l a d h e s i o n m o l e c u l e e x p r e s s i o n i n human c o r o n a r y

a r t e r y e n d o t h e l i a l c e l l s ” , A t h e r o s c l e r o s i s , 1 5 4 : 3 1 - 3 8 .

S t a r l i x MC Amino Acid a c t S h e e t ( 2 0 0 2 ) 4 p a g e s h t t p : / / s t a r l i x . c o m /

m e d i a i c e n t e r / o n t e n t / p p . / amino h t r n on D e c . 1 0 , 2 0 0 2 .

S u a n d A m i d o n , ( 1 9 9 5 ) “ I n v e s t i g a t i o n i n t o t h e i n t e s t i n a l m e t a b o l i s m

o f [ D - A l a l ] p e p t i d e T a m i d e : i m p l i c a t i o n f o r o r a l d r u g d e l i v e r y ” ,Biochim e t B i o p h y s , 1 2 4 5 : 6 2 - 6 8 .

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S u g a t a n i e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 6 ) “ H i g h - d e n s i t y l i p o p r o t e i n i n h i b i t s t h e s y n t h e

s i s o f p l a t e l e t - a c t i v a t i n g f a c t o r i n human a s c u l a r e n d o t h e l i a l c e l l s ” ,

J L i p i d M e d i a t o r s C e l l S i g n a l , 1 3 : 7 3 - 8 8 .

S u m i t r a e t a l . ( A u g . 2 0 0 1 ) “ E x p e r i m e n t a l m y o c a r d i a l n e c r o s i s i n r a t s :

R o l e o f a r j u n o l i c a c i d o n p l a t e l e t a g g r e g a t i o n , c o a g u l a t i o n a n d

a n t i o x i d a n t s t a t u s ” , Mol and C e l l B i o c h e m , 2 2 4 : 1 3 5 - 1 4 2 .

S u r e s h ( O c t . 1 9 9 2 ) “ A l t e r a t i o n s i n human g i n g i v a lg l y c o s a m i n o g l y c a n p a t t e r n i n i n ? a m m a t i o n a n d i n p h e n y t o i n

i n d u c e d o v e r g r o w t h ” , Mol C e l l B i o c h e m , 1 1 5 ( 2 ) : 1 4 9 - 1 5 4 .

T a n e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 7 ) “A n o v e l , h i g h l y e f ? c i e n t p e p t i d e - H L A c l a s s I

b i n d i n g a s s a y u s i n g u n f o l d e d h e a v y c h a i n m o l e c u l e s ; i d e n t i ? c a t i o no f HIV-1 d e r i v e d p e p t i d e s t h a t b i n d t o H L A - A * 0201 and H L A - A *

0 3 0 1 ” , JImmunol e t h , 2 0 5 : 2 0 - 2 0 9 .

T h e M e r c k I n d e x ( 1 9 9 6 ) An n c y c l o p e d i a o f h e m i c a l s , D r u g s , a n d

B i o l o g i c a l , p p . 1 1 2 1 - 1 1 2 8 .

T h e W a l l S t r e e t J o u r n a l ( J a n . 1 3 , 2 0 0 0 ) “ E m i s p h e r e t e c h n o l o g i e s

d e v e l o p s o r a l H e p a r i n ” .T h o m a s , E r i c C . ( 1 9 9 9 ) “ B r a i n m a c r o p h a g e s : o n t h e r o l e o f p e r i c y t e s

a n d p e r i v a s c u l a r c e l l s ” , B r a i n R e s R e v , 3 1 : 4 2 - 5 7 .

T i a n e t a l . ( 2 0 0 2 ) “ S t r u c t u r e - a f ? n i t y r e l a t i o n s h i p s i n t h e g p 4 1

ELDKWA p i t o p e f o r t h e H I V - 1 n e u t r a l i z i n g m o n o c l o n a l a n t i b o d y

2 F 5 : e f f e c t s o f s i d e - c h a i n a n d backbone m o d i ? c a t i o n s a n d

c o n f o r m a t i o n a l c o n s t r a i n t s ” , J P e p t i d e R e s . 5 9 : 2 6 4 - 2 7 6 .T o l e d o e t a l . ( 2 0 0 4 ) “ F u n c t i o n a l i n d e p e n d e n c e o f a p e p t i d e W i t h t h e

s e q u e n c e o f human a p o l i p o p r o t e i n A - I c e n t r a l r e g i o n ” , A r c h i v e s o f

B i o c h e m i s t r y a n d B i o p h y s i c s , 4 2 8 ( 2 ) : 1 8 8 - 1 9 7 .

Toyoda t a l . ( 1 9 9 7 ) “ E f f e c t o f Aging o n R e g u l a t i o n o f B r a i n Stem

C i r c u l a t i o n D u r i n g H y p o t e n s i o n ” , J C e r e b r a l B l o o d Flow e t a b . ,

1 7 ( 6 ) : 6 8 0 - 6 8 5 .

T s a i e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 8 ) “ D - S e r i n e Added o A n t i p s y c h o t i c s f o r t h e T r e a t

ment o f S c h i z o p h r e n i a ” , B i o l . P s y c h i a t r y , 4 4 : 1 0 8 1 - 1 0 8 9 .

T s a o e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 1 ) “ H i b e r n a t i o n - i n d u c t i o n p e p t i d e a n d c e l l d e a t h :

[ D - A l a 2 , D - L e u 5 ] e n k e p h a l i n b l o c k s B a x - r e l a t e d a p o p t o t i c p r oc e s s e s ” , E u r o p e a n J o u r n a l o f P h a r m a c o l o g y 4 2 8 : 1 4 9 - 1 5 1 .

T s i m i k a s e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 1 ) “ M e a s u r i n g C i r c u l a t i n g O x i d i z e d Low-Den

s i t y L i p o p r o t e i n t o E v a l u a t e C o r o n a r y R i s k ” , C i r c u l a t i o n 1 0 3 : 1 9 3 0

1 9 3 2 .

TWard t a l . , ( 2 0 0 2 ) “ D e c r e a s e d A t h e r o s c l e r o t i c L e s i o n F o r m a t i o n i n

Human Serum a r a o x o n a s e T r a n s g e n i c M i c e ” , C i r c u l a t i o n 1 0 6 : 4 8 4

4 9 0 .Van L e n t e n e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 5 ) “ A n t i - i n ? a m m a t o r y HDL ecomes P r o

i n ? a m m a t o r y d u r i n g t h e A c u t e P h a s e R e s p o n s e . L o s s o f P r o t e c t i v e

E f f e c t o f HDL a g a i n s t LDL O x i d a t i o n i n A o r t i c W a l l C e l l

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Van L e n t e n e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 2 ) “ I n ? u e n z a I n f e c t i o n P r o m o t e s Macrophage

T r a f ? c i n t o A r t e r i e s o f Mice t h a t i s P r e v e n t e d by D - 4 F , a n

A p o l ip o p r o t e i n A - I M i m e t i c P e p t i d e ” , C i r c u l a t i o n , 1 0 6 : 1 2 7 - 1 1 3 2 .

Van L e n t e n e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 1 ) “ H i g h - D e n s i t y L i p o p r o t e i n L o s e s i t s A n t i

I n ? a m m a t o r y P r o p e r t i e s D u r i n g A c u t e I n ? u e n z a A n f e c t i o n ” , C i r

c u l a t i o n 1 0 3 : 2 2 8 3 - 2 2 8 8 .

Van L e n t e n e t a l . , ( S e p . 2 0 0 1 ) “ A c u t e In?uenzaA n f e c t i o n P r o m o t e s

I n c r e a s e d Macrophage I n ? l t r a t i o n i n t o t h e A r t e r y W a l l t h a t i s P r e

v e n t e d b y A p o l i p o p r o t e i n A - I ” , S u p p l e m e n t t o C i r c u l a t i o n ,1 0 4 ( 1 2 ) : 1 1 - 9 7, 4 7 0 , A b s t r a c t .V e n k a t a c h a l a p a t h i e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 3 ) “ E f f e c t o f End Group B l o c k a g e o n

t h e . P r o p e r t i e s o f a C l a s s A m p h i p a t h i c H e l i c a l P e p t i d e ” , P r o t e i n s . ‘

S t r u c t u r e , F u n c t i o n , and G e n e t i c s , 1 5 : 3 4 9 - 3 5 9 .V e n k a t e s a n e t a l . ( D e c . 3 1 , 1 9 9 3 ) “A n g i o t e n s i n I c o n v e r t i n g e n z y m e

a c t i v i t y i n a d r i a m y c i n i n d u c e d n e p h r o s i s i n r a t s ” , T o x i c o l o g y , 8 5 ( 2

3 ) : 1 3 7 - 4 8 .

V e n u g o p a l e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 2 ) “ D e m o n s t r a t i o n T h a t C - R e a c t i v e P r o t e i n

D e c r e a s e s eNOS E x p r e s s i o n a n d B i o a c t i v i t y i n H uman A o r t i c

E n d o t h e l i a l C e l l s ” , C i r c u l a t i o n , 1 0 6 : 1 4 3 9 - 1 4 4 1 .

V i n t e r s e t a l . ( 1 9 9 6 ) “ B r a i n P a r e n c h y m a l a n d M i c r o v a s c u l a r A m y l o i d

i n A l z h e i m e r ’ s D i s e a s e ” , B r a i n P a t h o l , 6 ( 2 ) : 1 7 9 - 1 9 5 .

V i n t e r s e t a l . ( 1 9 9 8 ) “ S e c o n d a r y m i c r o v a s c u l a r d e g e n e r a t i o n i na m y l o i d a n g i o p a t h y o f a t i e n t s W i t h h e r e d i t a r y c e r e b r a l h e m o r r h a g e

W i t h a m y l o i d o s i s , D u t c h t y p e (HCHWA-D)”, A c t a N e u r o p a t h o l ,

9 5 : 2 3 5 - 2 4 4 .

V i s h w a n a t h e t a l . O c t . 1 9 9 7 ) “ F a t e o f M y c o b a c t e r i u m t u b e r c u l o s i s

i n s i d e r a t p e r i t o n e a l m a c r o p h a g e s i n v i t r o ” , Mol C e l l B i o c h e m ,

1 7 5 ( 1 - 2 ) : 1 6 9 - 7 5 .

V o v e n k o , Eugene ( 1 9 9 9 ) “ D i s t r i b u t i o n o f oxygen t e n s i o n o n t h e

s u r f a c e o f a r t e r i o l e s , c a p i l l a r i e s a n d v e n u l e s o f b r a i n c o r t e x a n d i n

t i s s u e i n n o r m o x i a ; a n e x p e r i m e n t a l s t u d y o n r a t s ” , Eur J h y s i o l ,

437:617-623.

W a l p o l a e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 5 ) “ E x p r e s s i on o f ICAM-1 a n d VCA M -l a n d

Monocyte A d h e r e n c e i n A r t e r i e s E x p o s e d t o A l t e r e d S h e a r S t r e s s ” ,

A r t e r i o s c l e r T romb V a s c B i o l , 1 5 : 2 - 1 0 .

W a t s o n e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 5 ) “ P r o t e c t i v e E f f e c t o f H i g h D e n s i t y L i p o p r o t e i n

A s s o c i a t e d P a r a o x o n a s e I n h i b i t i o n o f t h e B i o l o g i c a l A c t i v i t y o f

M i n i m a l l y O x i d i z e d Low D e n s i t y L i p o p r o t e i n ” , J C l i n I n v e s t ,96:2882-2891.

W a t s o n e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 5 ) “ E f f e c t o f P l a t e l e t A c t i v a t i n g F a c t o r

A c e t y l h y d r o l a s e on h e F o r m a t i o n and c t i o n o f M i n i m a l l y O x i d i z e d

LoW e n s i t y L i p o p r o t e i n ” , J l i n I n v e s t , 9 5 : 7 7 4 - 7 8 2 .

Wei e t a l . ( 1 9 9 8 ) “ A n t i o x i d a n t s I n h i b i t A T P - S e n s i t i v e P o t a s s i u m

C h a n n e l s i n C e r e b r a l A r t e r i o l e s ” , S t r o k e , 2 9 : 8 1 7 - 8 2 3 .

W i l s o n e t a l . , ( 1 9 8 8 ) “ H i g h D e n s i t y L i p o p r o t e i n C h o l e s t e r o l a n d

M o r t a l i t y : T h e F r a m i n g h a m H e a r t S t u d y ” , A r t e r i o s c l e r o s i s , 8 : 7 3 7

7 4 1 .

Wool t a l . ( 2 0 0 8 ) “ A p o l i p o p r o t e i n A - 1 m i m e t i c p e p t i d e h e l i x num

b e r a n d h e l i x l i n k e r i n ? u e n c e p o t e n t i a l l y a n t i - a t h e r o g e n i c p r o p e r

t i e s ” , J o u r n a l o f L i p i d R e s e a r c h , 4 9 : 1 2 6 8 - 1 2 8 3 .

Wool t a l . ( 2 0 0 9 ) “An a p o A - I m i m e t i c p e p t i d e c o n t a i n i n g a p r o l i n e

r e s i d u e h a s g r e a t e r i n v i v o HDL i n d i n g a n d a n t i - i n ? a m m a t o r y a b i li t y t h a n t h e 4 F p e p t i d e ” , J o u r n a l o f L i p i d R e s e a r c h , v o l . 1 [ d o w n

l o a d e d from W W W . j l r . o r g a t UCLA i o m e d i c a l L i b / S e r i a l s on May

1 2 , 2 0 0 9 ] 4 3 p a g e s .

Wu t a l . ( 1 9 9 2 ) “ I n h i b i t i o n E f f e c t s o f KR DS, P e p t i d e D e r i v e d from

L a c t o t r a n s f e r r i n , on l a t e l e t F u n c t i o n and r t e r i a l Thrombus Forma

t i o n i n D o g s ” , H a e m o s t a s i s , 2 2 : 1 - 6 .

X i a e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 9 ) “ H i g h D e n s i t y L i p o p r o t e i n s ( H D L ) I n t e r r u p t t h eS p h i n g o s i n e K i n a s e S i g n a l i n g P a t h w a y . A o s s i b l e Mechanism o rP r o t e c t i o n A g a i n s t A t h e r o s c l e r o s i s b y HDL”, J B i o l C h e m ,

2 7 4 : 3 3 1 4 3 - 3 3 1 4 7 .

Yakubu t a l . ( 1 9 9 7 ) “ R o l e o f l y s o p h o s p h a t i d i c a c i d i n e n d o t h l i n - l

a n d hematomainduced a l t e r a t i o n o f c e r e b r a l m i c r o c i r c u l a t i o n ” , Am.

J h y s i o l . , 2 7 3 ( 2 p t 2 ) : R 7 0 3 - 9 .

Y a m a s h i t a e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 0 ) “ M o le c u l a r m e c h a n i s m s , l i p o p r o t e i n a b n o r

m a l i t i e s a n d a t h e r o g e n i c i t y o f h y p e r a l p h a l i p o p r o t e i n e m i a , A t h e r o

s c l e r o s i s , 1 5 2 : 2 7 - 2 8 5 .

Y a n e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 4 ) “PLTP d e ? c i e n c y i m p r o v e s t h e a n t i - i n ? a m m a t o r yp r o p e r t i e s o f HDL n d r e d u c e s t h e a b i l i t y o f LDL o i n d u c e monocyte

c h e m o t a c t i c a c t i v i t y ” , J L i p i d R e s , 4 5 : 1 8 5 2 - 1 8 5 8 .

Y a n c e y e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 5 ) “ E f ? u x o f C e l l u l a r C h o l e s t e r o l a n d

P h o s p h o l i p i d t o L i p i d - F r e e A p o l i p o p r o t e i n s a n d C l a s s A

A m p h i p a t h i c P e p t i d e s ” , B i o c h e m i s t r y , 3 4 : 7 9 5 5 - 7 9 6 5 .

Y i p K-P t a l . , ( 1 9 9 7 ) “ A n A r g - G l y - A s p p e p t i d e s t i m u l a t e s c o n s t r i ct i o n i n r a t a f f e r e n t a r t e r i o l e ” , Am h y s i o l R e n a l P h y s i o l , 2 7 3 : 7 6 8

7 7 6 .

Y u i e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 8 ) “Serum r o s t a c y c l i n S t a b i l i z i n g F a c t o r I s I d e n t i c a lt o A p o l i p o p r o t e i n A - I ( A p o A - I ) . A o v e l f u n c t i o n o f Apo A - I ” , J

C l i n . I n v e s t , 8 2 : 8 0 3 - 8 0 7 .

Z e i h e r e t a l . , ( 1 9 9 4 ) “ A t h e r o s c l e r o i s / C o r o n a r y H e a r t D i s e a s e : C o r o

n a r y A t h e r o s c l e r o t i c W a l l T h i c k e n i n g a n d V a s c u l a r R e a c t i v i t y i n

Humans E l e v a t e d H i g h - D e n s i t y L i p o p r o t e i n L e v e l s A m e l i o r a t e

A b n o r m a l V a s o c o n s t r i c t i o n i n E a r l y A t h e r o s c l e r o s i s ” , C i r c u l a t i o n ,

8 9 ( 6 ) : 2 5 2 5 - 2 5 3 2 .

Z h a n g a n d O l s s o n ( 1 9 9 7 ) “ T h e a n g i o p a t h y o f u b c o r t i c a l a r t e r i o s c l er o t i c e n c e p h a l o p a t h y ( B i n s w a n g e r ’ d i s e a s e ) : i m m u n o h i s t o c h e m i c a l

s t u d i e s u s i n g m a r k e r s f o r c o m p o n e n t s o f x t r a c e l l u l a r m a t r i x , s m o o t h

m u s c l e a c t i n a n d e n d o t h e l i a l c e l l s ” , A c t a N e u r o p a t h o l , 9 3: 2 1 9 - 2 2 4 .

Zhang t a l . , ( 2 0 0 2 ) “ My e l o p e r o x i d a s e F u n c t i o n s a s a M a j o r Enzy

m a t i c C a t a l y s t f o r I n i t i a t i o n o f L i p i d P e r o x i d a t i o n a t S i t e s o f In?am

m a t i o n ” , J B i o l C h e m , 2 7 7 ( 4 8 ) : 4 6 1 1 6 - 4 6 1 2 2 .Zhang e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 2 ) “Lack o f i n h i b i t o r y e f f e c t o f HDL n TNFOL

i n d u c e d a d h e s i o n m o l e c u l e e x p r e s s i o n i n human o r t i c e n d o t h e l i a l

c e l l s ” , A t h e r o s c l e r o s i s , 1 6 5 : 2 4 1 - 2 4 9 .

Zhao e t a l . , ( 2 0 0 2 ) “ S e l e c t i v e I n t e r l e u k i n - 1 2 S y n t h e s i s D e f e c t i n1 2 / 1 5 - L i p o x y g e n a s e - d e ? c i e n t M a c r o p h a g e s A s s o c i a t e d W i t h

Reduced A t h e r o s c l e r o s i s i n a Mo use Model of F a m i l i a l

H y p e r c h o l e s t e r o l e m i a ” , J B i o l C h e m , 2 7 7 ( 3 8 ) : 3 5 3 5 0 - 3 5 3 5 6 .

C h i n e s e O f ? c e A c t i o n ( N o t i ? c a t i o n o f R e e x a m i n a t i o n ) d a t e d M a r .

2 0 , 2012 i s s u e d i n CN 006101006693.

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European Of?ce A c t i o n d a t e d F e b . 9 , 2012 i s s u e d i n EP 1 0 0 0 2 4 0 2 .

5 - 2 4 0 1 .

B r a z i l i a n W r i t t e n O p i n i o n d a t e d A p r . 1 2 , 2 0 1 2 i s s u e d i n BR

05 7 1 4 8 - 2 .

C a n a d i a n Of?ce A c t i o n d a t e d J u l . 1 6 , 2012 i s s u e d i n CA , 5 9 5 , 0 6 7 .

E u r o p e a n E x t e n d e d S e a r c h R e p o r t d a t e d A u g . 8 , 2 0 1 2 i s s u e d i n EP 5

853 3 6 4 . 7 .

J a p a n e s e O f ? c e A c t i o n d a t e d A p r . 2 , 2 0 1 2 i s s u e d i n J P 2 0 0 7 - 5 4 4 6 3 4 .

Mexican Of?ce A c t i o n d a t e d F e b . 2 3 , 2012 i s s u e d i n MX/a/2007/

006750.

Mexic an Second Of?c e A c t i o n d a t e d J u n . 1 4 , 2012 i s s u e d i n MX/a/

2 0 0 7 / 0 0 6 7 5 0 .

P h i l i p p i n e s Of?ce A c t i o n d a t e d J u l . 4 , 2012 i s s u e d i n PH - 2 0 0 7

5 0 1 1 7 1

Vietnamese Of? ce c t i o n d a t e d D e c . 3 0 , 2011 i s s u e d i n VN - 2 0 0 7

01344.

C h i n e s e Second Of?ce A c t i o n d a t e d D e c . 1 6 , 2 0 1 1 i s s u e d i n

CN200680023011.5.

E u r a s i a n O p i n i o n a s t o p a t e n t a b i l i t y d a t e d F e b . 2 7 , 2012 i s s u e d i n EA

2 0 0 9 0 0 7 8 6 / 2 8 .

E g y p t i a n Of?ce A c t i o n d a t e d D e c . 7 , 2 0 1 1 i s s u e d i n EG 1 6 9 / 2 0 0 7 .

E u r o p e a n E x a m i n a t i o n R e p o r t d a t e d J u n . 4 , 2012 s s u e d i n EP 6 750

791 3 - 2 4 0 3 .

J a p a n e s e Of?ce A c t i o n d a t e d D e c . 1 4 , 2 0 1 1 i s s u e d i n J P 2008

508931

J a p a n e s e F i n a l R e j e c t i o n d a t e d J u l . 1 3 , 2 0 1 2 i s s u e d i n J P 2 0 0 8

508931

P h i l i p p i n e s Of?ce A c t i o n d a t e d J u l . 1 9 , 2012 i s s u e d i n PH 1 - 2 0 0 7

502394.

US o t i c e o f A l l o W a n c e a n d E x a m i n e r - I n i t i a t e d I n t e r v i e w Su mmar y

d a t e d A p r . 1 2 , 2 0 1 2 i s s u e d i n US. A p p l . N o . 1 2 / 4 7 8 , 5 9 3 .

Buga t a l . ( O c t . 1 , 2 0 0 5 ) “ D - 4 F , a n a p o A - 1 m i m e t i c p e p t i d e , r e d u c e s

b r a i n a r t e r i o l a r W a l l t h i c k e n i n g i n LDL e c e p t o r n u l l mice f e d a

W e s t e r n d i e t a n d i m p r o v e s s p a t i a l m e m o r y ” , C i r c u l a t i o n , L i p p i n c o t t

W i l l i a m s i l k i n s , US, 1 1 2 ( 1 7 ) S u p p l . S:U234 2 p p .

Buga t a l . , ( 2 0 0 6 ) “D-4F d e c r e a s e s b r a i n a r t e r i o l e i n ? a m m a t i o n a n d

i m p r o v e s c o g n i t i v e p e r f o r m a n c e i n LDL e c e p t o r - n u l l m i c e o n a

W e s t e r n d i e t ” , J o u r n a l o f i p i d R e s e a r c h , [ D o w n l o a d e d f r o m WWW.j i r . o r g a t UCLA i o m e d i c a l L i b / S e r i a l s on O c t . 3 , 2 0 0 6 ] 4 7 1 2 1 4 8

2 1 6 0 .

G u p t a e t a l . , ( J u n . 1 4 , 2 0 0 5 ) “ A p o l i p o p r o t e i n E m i m e t i c P e p t i d ed r a m a t i c a l l y l o W e r s p l a s m a c h o l e s t e r o l a n d r e s t o r e s e n d o t h e l i a l

f u n c t i o n i n W a t a n a b e h e r i t a b l e h y p e r l i p i d e m i c r a b b i t s ” , C i r c u l a t i o n ,L i p p i n c o t t W i l l i a m s i l k i n s , U S , 1 1 1 ( 2 3 ) : 3 1 1 2 - 3 1 1 8 .

Ou t a l . , ( M a r . 1 , 2 0 0 3 ) “ 4 F , a n a p o A - I m i m e t i c p e p t i d e p r e s e r v e s

a c e t y l c h o l i n e - i n d u c e d v a s o d i l a t i o n o f c a r o t i d a r t e r i o l e s i n s i c k l e c e l l

d i s e a s e m i c e ” , FASEB J o u r n a l , F e d . Of m e r i c a n S o c . f o r E x p e r i

m e n t a l B i o l o g y , U S , 1 7 ( 4 - 5 ) : 2 5 8 . 1 2 , 1 p a g e .

Ou e t a l . , ( M a r . 1 , 2 0 0 3 ) “An a p o A - I m i m e t i c p e p t i d e p r e s e r v e s

v a s o d i l a t i o n i n h y pe r c h o l e s t e r o l e mi c m i c e ” , FASEB o u r n a l , F e d . Of

A m e r i c a n S o c . f o r E x p e r i m e n t a l B i o l o g y , U S , 1 7 ( 4 - 5 ) : 3 4 1 . 1 5 , 1

p a g e .

Ou e t a l . , (May 1 3 , 2 0 0 3 ) “ L - 4 F , a n a p o l i p o p r o t e i n A - I m i m e t i c ,

d r a m a t i c a l l y i m p r o v e s v a s o d i l a t i o n i n h y p e r c h o l e s t e r o l e m i a a n d

s i c k l e c e l l d i s e a s e ” , C i r c u l a t i o n , L i p p i n c o t t W i l l i a m s i l k i n s , U S ,

1 0 7 ( 1 8 ) : 2 3 3 7 - 2 3 4 1 .Ou t a l . , ( O c t . 2 8 , 2 0 0 3 ) “D-4F r e s t o r e s e n d o t h e l i u m - a n d eNOSd e p e n d e n t v a s o d i l a t i o n a n d r e d u c e s v e s s e l W a l l t h i c k n e s s i n

h y p e r c h o l e s t e r o l e m i a ” , C i r c u l a t i o n , L i p p i n c o t t W i l l i a m s i l k i n s ,U S , 1 0 8 ( 1 7 ) S u p p l : I V - 2 8 1 , 2 p p .

Ou t a l . , ( O c t . 1 9 , 2 0 0 4 ) “ L - 4 F d r a m a t i c a l l y i m p r o v e e n d o t h e l i u m

d e p e n d e n t v a s o d i l a t i o n u n d e r l i p o p r o t e i n o x i d a t i v e s t r e s s ” ,Z h o n g h u a Z h o n g l i u Z a Z h i - C h i n e s e J o u r n a l o f O n c o l o g y , Z h o n g h u a

Y i x u e h u i , B e i j i n g , C N , 3 2 ( 1 0 ) 9 1 1 - 9 1 4 .

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