Urinary System

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Instructor: Terry E. Jones

A. Functions 1. Eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body 2. Regulates water levels in the blood

Galena Park High SchoolA&

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3. Regulates the concentrations of electrolytes in the blood 4. Regulates acid-base balance of the blood

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A. Adipose Capsule 1. Fatty Tissue 2. Surrounds each kidney 3. Holds the kidneys in place

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P II. Anatomy

B. Kidney 1. Renal Cortex a. Outer region of the kidney b. Extends between the pyramids

c. Contains blood vessels and collecting tubules

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2. Renal Medulla a. Inner part of the kidney

b. Contains the pyramids c. Contains glomeruli which filter the blood

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3. Renal Pelvis a. Funnel shaped end of the ureters

b. Also attached to the kidney c. Collects urine from all areas of the kidney and funnels it to ureters

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4. Nephron a. Filtering units of the kidneys

b. Millions create the urine c. Nitrogen wastes eliminated d. Other substances reabsorbed by the blood (sugar, salt, etc)

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C. Ureters 1. Tubes that connect the kidney with the urinary bladder

2. Moves urine to bladder for storage 3. One for each kidney

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D. Urinary Bladder 1. Sac structure for storing urine until elimination

2. Moves urine to bladder for storage 3. holds 500-1000ml of liquid

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E. Urethra 1. Tube that extends from bladder to outside the body

2. Eliminates urine 3. Males-through the penis 4. Females-anterior to the vagina

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A. Filtration Process 1. Occurs in the glomerulus 2. Blood Cells and Proteins do not pass out of blood-too big 3. Filtrate is basically blood serum

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PIII. Process of Urine Formation

B. Reabsorption Process 1. Occurs in proximal convoluted tubule 2. Needed substances reclaimed 3. Filtrate is basically blood serum 4. Water reclaimed by osmosis

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5. Glucose, amino acids, and ions are reclaimed by active transport 6. Urea is poorly reclaimed and is a nitrogenous waste to be eliminated

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C. Secretion Process 1. Last chance to eliminate dangerous substances 2. Drugs, creatine 3. Potassium ions 4. Occurs in Distal tubule

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A. Low Blood Pressure 1. Filtration system will not work 2. Wastes build up in blood 3. Solution-Increase blood pressure 4. Dialysis to remove watses

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P IV. Homeostasis

B. Kidney Stones 1. Caused by high concentrations of salts in the renal pelvis 2. Salts crystalize-painful 3. May pass voluntarily 4. Ultrasound waves pulverize stones 5. Called lithotripsy

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C. Renal Failure 1. kidneys shut down-little or no function 2. Causes a. Infections b. Physical trauma c. Chemical poisoning

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d. Inadequate blood supply e. Prolonged muscle pressure f. Chronic hypertension 3. Treatment a. Hemodialysis-3 times/week b. Kidney Transplant

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D. Urinary Tract Infections 1. Bacteria infections 2. Causes a. Bacteria from feces-females b. Poor hygiene c. Sexual contact with infected person 3. Treatment-Antibiotics

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E. Incontinence 1. Sphincter muscle weakens 2. Causes a. Old age b. Young children- Emotional Problems c. Pregnancy 3. Diapers

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F. Urine Retention 1. Prostrate gland pinches off the urethra 2. Male problem only 3. Treatment-surgery or catheters

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