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URINARY DISORDERSURINARY DISORDERS
RENAL CALCULI (Kidney Stone)RENAL CALCULI (Kidney Stone) Made of crystals of calcium
phosphate and uric acid Gradually they grow larger
until they block the ureter First symptom – severe pain Other symptoms – nausea and
vomiting, urine frequency, chills, fever, and hematuria
RENAL CALCULI RENAL CALCULI (KIDNEY STONES(KIDNEY STONES
Diagnosis – by symptoms, utlrasound, or x-ray
Rx – increase fluids to flush out stones, medications, and if needed - LITHOTRIPSY
LITHROTRIPSYLITHROTRIPSYSurgical procedure to remove kidney stonesShock waves hit dense stones and break
them up Done on outpatient basis
CystitisCystitis Inflammation of the mucous membrane lining of the urinary bladder
Most common cause – E.Coli
Symptoms = DYSURIA (painful urination) and frequency
Usually in females (shorter urethra)
Rx - antibiotics
NephritisNephritis
Inflammation of the kidney (kidney infection)
IncontinenceIncontinence
Involuntary urination
DialysisDialysis Used for kidney failure Involves the passage of
blood through a device with semipermeable membrane
Dialysis serves as a substitute kidney
HemodialysisHemodialysis Blood from patient flows
through machine and its filtered
Usually a FISTULA is created (opening between vein and artery) for inserting needles
Can be done at home or in clinic
Takes 2-4 hours, 2-3 times a week
Peritoneal DialysisPeritoneal Dialysis Uses the peritoneal
lining to filter blood
Dialysate (cleaning solution) flows in and out via a catheter tube
Kidney TransplantKidney Transplant Done as a last resort Involves donor organ
from someone with a similar immune system
Main complication - rejection
Urinary ConditionsUrinary Conditions
ENURESIS - bedwetting GLYCOSURIA – sugar in urine
NOCTURIA – frequent urination at night Hematuria – blood in urine
More Urinary ConditonsMore Urinary Conditons
Polyuria—large amounts of urine
Anuria—no urine is produced
Oliguria—small or scant amount of urine—early sign of kidney failure
Pyuria—pus in the urine
DiureticDiuretic
Also called “fluid pill”Drug or substance to increase urine
production