Urb.dipl. Victor GHEORGHE

PlanCoast case study Romanian Black Sea

1. Internal waters 2. Up to 12 miles Territorial seas (territorial waters) represent a band of a water with a width of 12 miles. The initial line for its position is the line of the lowest low tide passing along the shoreTerritorial waters are a part of the territory of the coastal nation.3. Up to 24 miles Adjacent zone 4. Up to 200 miles Exclusive Economic Zone In EEZ the coastal state has sovereign rights for the purposes of investigation, development and preservation of natural resources and also the right to control these resources.5. Up to 350 miles or 100 miles from a depth 2,500m Continental shelf.  6. The high seas The scheme of the division of maritime areas according to

UNCLOS (United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea) 1982

Countries bordering the Black Sea are Turkey, Bulgaria, Romania, Ukraine, Russia, and Georgia.

The catchment area of the Black Sea includes major parts of seventeen countries and the second, third, and fourth largest rivers in Europe, respectively the Danube, Dnieper and Don rivers.

Source: Black Sea Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis

Major problems:

- Decline in Black Sea Commercial Fish Stocks- Loss of habitats, notably wetlands- Loss or imminent loss of endangered species- Degradation of the Black Sea landscape-Especially the Romanian coast has been suffering under high rates of erosion.The regions coasts are mainly sandy beaches, which are directly exposed to wave action.

Source: Black Sea Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis

The Black Sea Coast stretches out for 244km. The water of the Black Sea has a low salinity in comparison with other inland seas (only 17%) and there is a virtual absence of tides and currents. The Black Sea is a semi-enclosed sea being connected to the Sea of Marmara through the Bosporus strait and to the Mediterranean through the strait of the Dardenelles.

An important characteristic of the Romanian coastal area is represented by the differentiation between the northern unit (Musura Bay - Cape Midia – 165 km) and the southern one (Cape Midia – Vama Veche - aprox. 99 km). While the northern unit is focused on the preservation of nature (Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve - DDBR), the southern one has mainly developed harbor activities, industry and tourism.

-TWO PARTNERS:

National Institute for Marine Research and Development, "Grigore Antipa“ - www.rmri.ro National Institute for Research and Development on Urban and Spatial Planning "Urbanproiect“ – www.incdurban.ro

-MAJOR TASKS:

Marine Spatial Plan Two Pilot Projects: Sulina and Constanta area

MARINE SPATIAL PLAN (MAP)

- Shipping routes- Anchorage areas- Nature protection areas (Natura 2000, RAMSAR sites and World heritage)- Gas and oil Exploatations & Connecting pipelines- Fishing areas- Telecom Cables- Pollution Hot Spots

- Windfarms- Aquaculture - Pipelines - Sand and Gravel Extraction - Military Training Areas

Hot spots are defined as the dominant point sources on the coast of the Black Sea affecting human health, ecosystems, sustainability or economy. 49 hot spots have been identified in the region; 9 of them in Bulgaria, 6 in Georgia, 6 in Romania, 8 in Russia, 10 in Turkey and 10 in Ukraine.

Source: Black Sea Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis

Name Type

Relative Importance Index

Fertilchim Fertilizer 100

Petromedia Petrochemistry 77

Constanta North

Domestic 77

Eforie South Domestic 74

Mangalia Domestic 74

Constanta South

Domestic 74

The Black Sea Fiber Optic Cable System BSFOCS has 1300km and is designed with two fiber pairs operating at 2,5 Gb/s. Th system is operational since September 2001and has landing points in Bulgaria (Varna), Russia (Novorossiysk) and Ukraine (Odesa)

Source: Black Sea Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis

Romania’s main fishery production component is aquaculture, followed by inland fisheries. It is a dramatic production decline. The 2005 production levels were as follows: aquaculture 7.284 tons (54,55%), inland water fishing 4.042 tons (30,27%), Black Sea fishing 2.026 tons (15,17%).

Sea fishing, conducted along the Romanian coastline, is limited to the marine areas up to 60-meter isobaths, as a consequence of the characteristics of the vessels and their limited autonomy. Romanian recorded Black Sea catches declined from 16.000 tons in the 1980s to about 2.000 tons in recent years. Romania’s share in the overall Black Sea catches in 2004 was only 0,4 % (source: FAO FishStat).

There are 100.000 ha designated for aquaculture activities in Romania, structured as follows: 84.500 ha fish farms, 15.500 hatcheries, and 25 ha trout farms.

Currently, there is nearly no marine aquaculture in Romania, although some studies suggest that there is some scope for developing this field.

Source: FAO FishStat

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16.000

18.00019

70

1972

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Others

Mediterranean horsemackerel

Whiting

European anchovy

European sprat

Black Sea Captures of Romania, 1970 - 2004

In the Black Sea already exists and important submarine gas pipeline namely the Blue Stream. The pipe is aimed to supply Turkey with Russian natural gas via the Black Sea offshore area avoiding third countries.Blue Stream is 1213-km-long and it has a capacity of 16 billion cubic metres of gas a year. It has been officially inaugurated In November 2005.

South Stream is a proposed gas pipeline to transport Russian natural gas to Italy. The pipeline is planned to carry 30 billion cubic meters (bcm) of gas annually.The memorandum has been signed in Rome on 23 June 2007. The construction is expected to be completed in less than three years. The 900 kilometers long offshore section of South Stream would start from the Beregovaya compressor station at the Russia’s Black Sea coast, and would run to Bulgaria's Varna.

The Nabucco pipeline is a planned natural gas pipeline that will transport natural gas from Turkey to Austria, via Bulgaria, Romania, and Hungary. This pipeline will not go offshore and it will bring gas supplies from Iran, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Egypt and Syria.

Source: FAO FishStat

Nabucco project

The two partners from Romania have decided together to address both types of planning documents which are possible to be drawn for the Romanian Coastal Area. By this we mean Spatial Planning documentations and Urban Planning documentations.

Name of Pilot Project

Pilot Project RO1 Sulina

Project objectives General Urban Plan for Sulina City

Problems and issues

The City of Sulina is situated in the Northern part of the Romanian Black Sea Coastal Area and it is part of the Danube Delta Biological Reservation. This situation will produce specific restrictions for the development of this area.

Name of Pilot Project Pilot Project RO2 Southern Romanian Black Sea Coastal Area

Project objectives Zonal Spatial Plan for Southern Romanian Black Sea Coastal Area

Problems and issues The Southern Coast is facing specific problems different from the ones faced on the Danube Delta Biological Reservation. The economical pressure on the development of this area is much more visible, specific and balanced protective measure needs to be established.

What we have studied so far?

-Evolution of population

-How much we build and what is the quality

- How is the area evolving from economical point of view

ROMANIA

Turnovers in 2000 (Euro)

Turnovers in 2006 (Euro)

Number of firms in 2000

Number of firms in 2006

The number of employees in

2000

The number of employees in

20061st sector 2.496.653.456 13.400.998.036 3.525 9.298 252.860 232.447S2 construction 1.844.602.739 12.109.867.506 8.429 27.912 267.617 385.6582nd sector 13.364.955.937 73.463.165.707 32.219 75.612 1.932.776 1.969.377S3 hotels 400.583.265 2.033.551.205 7.833 16.129 70.980 114.6373rd sector 14.950.708.173 96.701.566.248 106.946 266.736 1.081.828 1.824.207

TOTAL 30.812.317.566 183.565.729.991 142.690 351.646 3.267.464 4.026.031

STUDY AREA

Turnovers in 2000 (Euro)

Turnovers in 2006 (Euro)

Number of firms in 2000

Number of firms in 2006

The number of employees in

2000

The number of employees in

20061st sector 26.865.945 162.838.164 77 249 1.742 3.032S2 construction 76.432.444 319.807.784 337 2.368 10.203 12.9412nd sector 497.594.257 3.613.541.708 990 962 37.730 51.242S3 hotels 30.586.550 128.379.457 500 975 4.908 7.4333rd sector 554.089.705 3.028.077.687 4.117 10.686 44.067 76.094TOTAL 1.078.549.908 6.804.457.558 5.184 11.897 83.539 130.368

- Romania is facing West rather then East

- Only 40% of the Romanian coast is viable for economical development, the rest being a World heritage site

- Constanta area IS VERY IMPORTANT for Romania as a whole but mainly AS A GATEWAY for goods and products

-Mithbusted : ”The Black Sea resorts are the main touristic attraction of Romania” FALSE - only 6,3% of the total turnovers from the hotels and restaurants activities are produced in this area

- The pressure from the activities on the territorial waters is currently reduced only few conflicts have been identified so far

- The borders of the towns are diluting and there is a clear tendency to build in the metropolitan areas around the cities

- Renascence of the rural areas (the future EU funds will emphasize this)

- In the studied area .. WE HAVE A CHAMPION … the administrative unit 23 August (Unirea) – increase in population, new buildings and important economic growth

- a protected area situated on the sea immediately near the coast should trigger restrictions on the land side (Limanu case)