Urbanisation in LEDC

Life in Nairobi for the PoorKibera – Africa’s Biggest Slum

Why?

Why would people move from rural to urban areas in LEDC’s?

Push / Pull Factors

Conditions for The Poor• Many newcomers to Nairobi arrive with no ____ and

are forced to live in a squatter ______ on the _______ of the city.

• Squatter settlements are illegal towns built out of basic _________.

• They often don’t have _______, medical facilities, sewers and running ______ facilities.

WORD BANK: WATER EDGE MATERIALSSCHOOLS JOB SETTLEMENT

Kibera

Kibera is situated 7 km South West of Nairobi City Centre. With a population of over 1 million it is the largest squatter settlement in Africa. A squatter settlement is an unplanned settlement built by the inhabitants. The land Kibera is built on is owned by the government meaning it is illegal

Learning for Life

Kibera Fact Box• Largest slum in Kenya• 60% of the people that live in Nairobi live in slums• Between 800,000 and 1 million people live in

Kibera• 255 ha (around the size of 255 football pitches)• Extremely high population density • 1 meter of floor space per person • There are around 100,000 orphans – this is due in

part to the AIDS epidemic in Kibera

Kibera – Africa’s Biggest slum.Imagine you are the boy in the photo.

Write 10 words to describe whatConditions are like in Kibera

• • • • • • • • • •

Videos!

• Documentary video• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T21nL41L

YVg• Women in Kibera• http://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=FaamPV4YDHU• Problems with sanitation• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=chGq3Q_

momM

Social, Economic and Environmental problems in Kibera

Task:Draw a selection of diagrams or one large diagram featuring the problems faced in Kibera .

Learning for Life

Housing in Kibera No preparation for these houses so

– No sanitation– No piped water– No road access– No electricity (legally)

The houses are built from any available material – Corrugated iron– Card board

Learning for Life

Housing in Kibera • Paths between houses are irregular,

narrow and often have ditches running down the middle that have sewage in

• Smell = Charcoal and human waste

• One pipe may provide 40 inhabitants

• Private companies own hosepipes- they then charge double than he standard rate for water

• Individuals homes are kept very clean and residents welcome visitors

Learning for Life

Living Conditions The shanties only provide basic accommodation!• Very crowded!

• One or two rooms • Sleeping on the floor• No toilet • Little public transport• No street lighting• Crime is rife!

-Vigilante groups offer security at a high price-Police are reluctant to enter these zones

• Rubbish is not collected = disease and filth • Good community spirit

Learning for Life

Life in Kibera • Poorly paid jobs• Work/ money is unreliable• QOL is poor (due to

housing and environment)• Crime is a problem • Children do not go to

school• No privacy • Disease • Lack of money- so cant

improve their housing conditions

Most jobs are in the informal sector- that means that the jobs are not regular or reliable and people do not pay taxes! (Can a government pay to improve an area when they are getting no money from tax?)

Social, Economic and Environmental ProblemsSocial Economic Environmental

Population density is high Jobs are mainly in the informal sector ie. Jobs are illegal, and low paid

No safe rubbish disposal so rubbish is dumped and can contaminate water supplies

Housing provision – mainly built from poor quality materials ie corrugated iron roofs, mud, bricks

Unskilled and low paid workers who may be stuck living in Kibera

Sanitation runs into streams and rivers which are used for drinking

Small houses which accommodate 6+ people

Residents tap into electricity supplies to gain free electricity – unsafe and costly to supplier

No clean safe water supply so waterborne diseases eg. cholera and typhoid are common, leading to a low life expectancy

No healthcare, sanitation, education provision

Pollution is high due to the amount of rubbish that is dumped by inhabitants

High crime and rape rates – unsafe for women at night

Learning for Life

Solutions? Low cost flats! • 770 families rehoused! • Inhabitants used involved in the

planning• Running water , toilets, electricity • Small, but bigger than the shanties! • Less crime• Gives people pride in themselves

and their community Funded by the govt, charities and private loans!

Make peoples homes permanent!People have no right to the land that their shanty is built on- the government can come at any time and move them on- so people do not see the point in spending time and effort in improving their shanties! If people knew that their shanties were permanent they would be worth investing in!

Learning for Life

Self Help Schemes – Kibera • A charity has developed low-cost roofing tiles made from

sand and clay • Two main water pipes have been provided -one paid for by

Kenyan govt- other by The World Bank. (improving sanitation will be much much harder!

• Medical facilities are provided by charities (training local people)

• Gap- year students encouraged

• Small scale businesses to help earn money– Money generated put back in to local economy

Sites and Services Scheme

• Shanty town dwellers had to put their name down to go on the scheme

• If chosen they agreed to go to evening classes at a college to learn construction skills

• If they passed the exams they were given rented a small plot of land connected to running water sewerage and electricity

• • On this site the family can then build a house with building materials they are given.

Comparing high class and squatter residential areas

Squatter SettlementsPopulation structure:Adults aged 21 – 30 account for 15% of the population of squatter settlements. This may be because young people have migrated to Nairobi from rural areas due to push/pull factors such as… . However, when they arrive, they struggle to find jobs, particularly if they are unskilled and have a low level of education, and so remain in squatter settlements

TASK: Look at the graph above and answer the following questions:1) What is meant by urbanisation? (1 mark)

2) Identify the sub-regions with an urbanization growth rate over 3% (2 marks)

3) Use evidence from the graph to suggest why LEDCs have a higher urbanization growth than MEDCs (2 marks)

Exam Questions

• Explain one pressure resulting from a rising demand for urban living spaces. (2)

• Explain why many people in rural areas of the developing world wish to migrate to urban areas. (2)

• Explain why the population of some inner city areas has risen in recent years. (3)