Urban Urban SprawlSprawl

Seoul, South KoreaSeoul, South Korea

“The spreading of urban developments (houses and shopping centers) on undeveloped land near a city”

“The growth of neighborhoods where people live and shop.” - Mr. D. Smith

Problems• can weaken or destroy the vitality of downtowns

•Limits the supply of inexpensive housing

Sao Paulo, Brazil

• paralyzes the roads with cars

• cars – traffic congestion, pollution, roads consume land, fuel usage

• makes people dependent on their cars bussing, walking, cycling become almost impossible

•scars the landscape – asphalt, plastic signs, ugly buildings

• eats away at safe drinking water supplies, increased water pollution

Solutions• Higher density housing

•Improve and encourage public transit,cycling, and walking

• “Green-up” parks libraries, ban new highways

Victoria, BC

• Co-housing – reduces cost and keeps people in the city

• Build up instead of out to provide inexpensive housing

• Mixed activity areas houses, shops, businesses, offices

Concentric Zone Theory

1. Central business district2. Wholesale/light manufacturing3. Low-class residential4. Middle-class residential5. High-class residential10. Commuter Zone

1920 - Earnest Burgess

1. Central business district

2. Wholesale/light manufacturing

3. Low-class residential4. Middle-class residential5. High-class residential

Sector Theory1939 - Homer Hoyt

Lower-class residential areas tend to be located near railroads and manufacturing sites

1. Central business district

2. Wholesale/light manufacturing

3. Low-class residential

4. Middle-class residential

5. High-class residential

6. Heavy manufacturing

7. Outlying business district

8. Residential suburb

9. Industrial suburb

10.Commuter zone

Multiple Nuclei Theory 1945 - Chauncy Harris and Edward Ullman

Residential areas begin to act as business districts

Information Provided by Mr. D. Smith

Presentation Created by Ms. R. Wilkins