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Urban Public Transport Development Strategic Priorities in China!
Transforming Transportation 2013!
! Presented at Transforming Transportation 2013!
! Dr. Jiang Yulin!! Director, China Urban Sustainable Transport Research Center (CATS)!! Secretary General, National Technical Committee on Urban Passenger
Transport of Standardization Administration of China!! Secretary General, National Committee on Rail Transit Operation
Management of China Urban Mass Transit Association!
Urban Public Transport Development Strategic Priorities in China
Director, China Urban Sustainable Transport Research Center, CATS, Ministry of Transport, P. R. China Secretary General of National Technical Committee on Urban Passenger Transport of Standardization Administration of China Secretary General of National Committee on Rail Transit Operation Management of China Urban Mass Transit Association
Dr. Jiang Yulin
Contents
n Background & Key challenges
n Strategic Actions
China is going through a period of high-speed growth of both urbanization and motorization. The urban transport in major cities has become one of the key issues of social-economic development as well as urban functions in China.
1. Background & Key challenges
In 2010,urbanization rate of China arrived 49.68%,about 19% of the world’s urban population lives in China.
35174 37304 39449 41608 43748 45906 48064 50212 52376 54283 56212 57706 59400 60667 62200 66558
29 30.5 31.9 33.4 34.8 36.2 37.7 39.1 40.5 41.8 43 43.9 44.9 45.7 46.6 49.7
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 城市人口（单位：万人） 城镇化率（单位：%）
l Bicycle share declined 1.9% annually;
l Car share increased 1.1-1.2% annually
l Public transport share increased 0.5-1.1% annually.
Mode shi) from 1986 to 2010 in Beijing
Mode split has been changing
Overall, PT share is below 20%, and service quality is low
l Low speed & low punctuality
l Low coverage
l Poor comfort
Public transport service capacity lags behind social and economic development and transport demand growth
l Transfer inconveniently
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
人口300万以上城市
人口100～300万城市
人口100万以下城市
全国平均分担率
30
20
10
17.53 Average share rates
Population below 1million
Population between 1 million an 3million
Population above 3 million
The cost of the congestion problem is high
69.492.6132.6136.8142.6
228.2273.8
375
12.50%
9.10% 9.10%
7.10%
9.10%
6.60%
4.60% 4.60%
050100150200250300350400
北京 广州 上海 武汉 重庆 南京 成都 西安
3.00%4.00%5.00%6.00%7.00%8.00%9.00%10.00%11.00%12.00%13.00%
拥堵经济成本（JEC） 占收入比例
Contents
n Background & Key challenges
n Strategic Actions
u Integrated u efficient u safe u green u economical
2 Actions of Prioritizing Urban Public Transport Development in China
n To establish national integrated transport networks
n To decrease gap of development between rural and urban area
n To balance transport development with high quality service of public transport
Overall of Objectives n public transport
Roles of different government in PT
n The city governments should act as responsibility entity.
n The provincial level governments have the monitoring and guiding responsibility.
n The national governments should issue the law and policy.
n The governmental departments should realize a fast and economic development by both working individually and having close cooperation together.
Urb
an p
ub
lic tran
spo
rt
Highw
ay
waterw
ay
Post
civil aviation
MOB
Building and house
MOT
Institutional reform at all levels for the integration of urban transport development
Action 1 Institutional reform 2008
Action 1 Institutional reform 2008
Ministry of Transportation passenger and freight
transport Ministry of Finance Finance Ministry of Building & Construction of urban and rural
Urban master planning rail transit plan & construction
Ministry of Public Security traffic safety and fleet
registration NDRC Overall national economic and
social development, price control
Action 2 National public transport planning, 2010
Public transport development is included in "the 12th five-year plan for national economy and social development”, issued by the State Council. u To implement priority development strategy of public transport, and enhance public transport share
u To plan rail transit network scientifically, and push orderly rail transit network construction
u To actively develop BRT system, and improve the density and coverage of the line network
u To guide private car use, and advocate non-motor transport
u To integrate urban public transport and rural transport development
n Urban Metro system
ü 1471 km in operation by 2010, 3000 km in operation by 2015 .
p The lines to open is longer than that of the past 40 years.
Rail transit development plan
n BRT
ü By 2010: 514 km in operation
ü By 2015: 1000 km
55.30
47.00 45.80
33.70
23.77
13.80 12.40 12.34
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
北京 杭州 昆明 济南 常州 大连 合肥 重庆
运营线路总长 （公里）
BRT development plan
• National Technical Committee on Urban Passenger Transport of Standardization Administration of China
Action 3 Urban Passenger Transport Standardization 2012
Bus BRT Taxi Rail
Rental car Ferry …
Infrastructure Construction
safety & security
energy saving emission reduction
Operation Management
• Initiating action plan of the national transit metropolis, 30 pilot cities by 2015. Beijing, Shenzhan, Taiyuan, Wuhan,Changsa,Nanjing,Wulumuqi,Zhengzou, Jinan, Kunming,Chongqin,ect. 15 /25 Cities have been approved.
• MOT cooperated with local governments
• Monitoring the process by developing the tools of China Urban Transport Database (CUTD) v PT share rate: above 45%
v PT stop coverage in downtown area: within 300m, 95%
v Bus speed: >20km/hour
Punctuality rate: 2% increased annually Accidents: 2% decreased annually Bus depots entering:>90% IC Card:>80%
Action 4 National Transit Metropolis Program2012
Action 5 Guidelines of Prioritizing Urban Public Transport Development in China 2013
(Issued by the State Council No.〔2012〕64)
Transforming transportation development pattern to take public transport as public good
1. Strength planning control
2. Speed up infrastructure construction
3. Enhance jointed transport & land developments
4. Increase government investment ü PT is included in city public budget
ü Mass transit, integrated hub, Information Center
ü Free of Vehicle Purchase Tax (VPT)
ü Electronic subside of under rail, Fuel consumption subside of bus
ü The value capture of integrated land development with transportation
ü The income of staffs in PT company should be in creased regularly, not less than city’s average income
5. Increase government finance ü PPP, trust fund, private operators ect.
Action 5 Guidelines of Prioritizing Urban Public Transport Development in China 2013
6. Ensure road right priority
7. Encourage ITS
8. Improve ticket pricing mechanism
9. Set up the technique standardization system
10.Implement integrated transport management
Transport Demand management measures including law, economic and administrative tool such as Project traffic assessment
Action 5 Guidelines of Prioritizing Urban Public Transport Development in China 2013
11. Set up safety management regulation 12. Regulate decision making procedures
Public involvement such as road planning and pricing changing
Reporting PT cost and server quality
13. Setup performance evaluating system
Development PT is the responsibility of local government, Provincial Gov. is in charge of surveillance and guides. Central Gov. made macro- development policy, laws and regulations.
Action 5 Guidelines of Prioritizing Urban Public Transport Development in China 2013
Action 6 Urban Public Transport Law 2014 Future
ü Keep the government as the major provider of public transport
ü Ensure local investment and land acquirement for public transport
ü Good insGtuGonal structure and cooperaGon scheme
ü Decentralizing some of the power, like Local TDM l Rail transit l Bus including suburb and city center l Taxi l Strategic planning l Finance & regulations l Institutional responsibility l Market review & supervision
Central government
fuel tax
vehicle purchase tax
fuel subsidy
highway waterway …
National public transport fund
(bus exception)
local government
public service: water supply education
… public transport
Route A
Route B
Transferring
• Land value • Congestion fee • Urban development and maintenance fee
Local public transport fund
Action 7 Proposed Develop Sustainable Finance Future
Transport transfer from Central Gov. to Local Gov. should including public transport xx Yuan =（Length of highway (Km)× Cost Yuan/ km×30%+Population×average cost (Yuan/person)×20%+Number of counties× average cost of expenditure of counties×10%+Number of cars ×average cost per car×10%+ area coverage× average cost per ha×30%）×variation of land ”
o Changing low cost ticket price toward high quality service of sustainable public transport
Ticket price for bus varies from 7 cent to 30 cent/ trip
Subside from cities government 0 to 14 billion depend on the context of network and city finance capability
Govt. finance burden
company running on debt
Costume based service
Change on March， 2008 from MHCRC to MOT
Ministry of Railways
A think tank to provide policy decision making and technical support to the central, MOT and the local city level
MOT
Urban Transport Policy
Bus R
ail Taxi &
Civil
Aviation
waterw
ay
Highw
ay construction Long distance transport
Post
CUSTReC
Ministry of Finance
Private car The CoE functions as
China Urban Sustainable Transport Research Center, CATS, Ministry of Transport, P. R. China
Transforming Transportation 2013!
! Co-organized by EMBARQ and The World Bank!! More information at:!! EMBARQ.org!! worldbank.org/transport!
! Questions? Comments? Contact us at [email protected]!! Follow us on Twitter: @EMBARQnetwork!
Transforming Transportation 2013!
