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Urban Policy Working GroupApril 8, 2011
Agenda
Environmental Transport PlanningTransport Approaches
Road PricingLow Emission ZonesPark n Ride
Car SharingPublic transportThe Public RealmTraffic CalmingCyclingElectric Vehicles
Environmental Transport Planning
What are your objectivesWhy are you doing it?Who are you doing it for?How will it be funded?What are the issues to be addressed?
Issues
Local – Regional – National – International linkagesTraffic congestionLand Use integrationModal ChoiceRoad safetyFreight transportEnvironmental, public health & social issuesEnergy supply & securityFunding
Starting Point
Why are you doing thisWhat are YOUR concernsWhat are YOUR objectivesWhat is your vision?What are your aims & objectives
FastSafeIntegratedResponsiveSustainable
Transportation Hierarchy?
Stakeholders
Who needs to be involved?Who should be involved?
Elected RepresentativesIndustry (rail, freight, haulage, airports, ports)Customers (Commercial, Retail, Manufacturing, Industrial)Community (young, old, families, commuters, cyclists,
pedestrians)Operators (bus, taxi, rail)
Data Collection
What information do you have?What do you need?How will you get it?How will you pay for it?
QuantitativeCongestion, delays, accidents, fatalities, air quality
QualitativePerceptions, experience, customer satisfaction
What does the future hold?
do minimum - business as usualcar dominanthigh quality public passenger transportcycle dominantpedestrian dominantconcentrated land use- reduce transport demandfull cost pricingdemand management – regulation, parking controldemand management – education
Transport Approaches: Road Pricing
Economic measures to affect transport change
Levy based aspect of choiceToll roads, congestion charging, low emission zones
Politically sensitive‘Regressive’ taxPaying twice for asset?
Transport Approaches: Congestion Charging
Used to reduce congestion through targeted area chargingCan be adjusted for vehicles or time of day
ImpactsSingapore: pioneers, very effectiveLondon: mixed – reports show initial
decrease but growing traffic volumes.– Significant issues with road works– Substantial revenue generation invested into transport
Stockholm: effective but low public support
Enforcement: Number Plate recognition
London Congestion Charge Zone
CC Impact: 2001 – 2008 (enlarged zone)
Change in Cars & Taxis (left)
Change in Cyclists(right)
Red dots indicate reduction, Blue dots indicate increase
Transport Approaches: Low Emission Zones
Used to improve air quality through encouraging vehicles to become cleanerIncluded vehicles must reduce their emission levels or pay penaltiesCan be adjusted for pollutant type, vehicles, time of day or general standard e.g., EURO III
Enforcement: Number Plate recognition
London Low Emission Zone
Transport Approaches: Park ‘n’ Ride
Connect commuters to public transport hubsPurpose – Parking and/or CongestionNeeds good integrationProvide benefit to userInfrastructure provision
Transport Approaches: Park ‘n’ Ride Oxford
Transport Approaches: Car Sharing
Pay as you go carsOn demand vehicle usageOn-line reservation systemUser administered (following approval)Rental period – minute/hourly/daily
Transport Approaches: Car Sharing
Multi or Single OperatorInitial demand mappingOperator vs Local Authority aimsAuthority standardsElectric Vehicles
Public Transport – Integrated Package
Customer FocusedMode of Choice?
Rail, Bus, Tram, Ferry
ElementsNetwork of Services Service Performance StandardsFares Service Providers Infrastructure
Public Transport – Network of Services
FastFrequentDirectCoverageLegible
Make it attractive
Network of Services: Legibility
Public Transport – Service Standards
FrequencyHours of OperationService ReliabilityComfortSpeed of travelAccessibility
competing with the private car
Public Transport – Fares
Aspect of funding but:PT has wider social, environmental and economic benefits
that need to be recognised.
Fare structure: Simple & Legible
Integrated ticketing
Public Transport – Service Providers
Partners
Front linecustomer services complaints & complimentsService operation
Maximising Patronage ≠
Maximising Revenue
Public Transport - Infrastructure
Visible asset of servicesFirst point of contactDoes the customer feel valued?
The Public Realm
Physical and Psychological measures
What is the role of the street?Who does it ‘belong’ to?What is important?
Roading or Road User Hierarchy?
Traditional approach to traffic engineering?
Motorists: "selfish, stupid, obedient automatons who had to be protected from their own stupidity“
Non-motorists: "vulnerable, stupid, obedient automatons who had to be protected from cars –and their own stupidity"
Prof John Adams
"if you treat drivers like idiots, they act as idiots“Hans Mondermann
Roading Hierarchy
Primary routes, part of national route network A roads
Major distributors, links between primary routes and primary destinations
other A roads
Minor distributors, routes of more than local importance,
B roads
Local roads, all other roads C or unclassified
Modal Hierarchy
Traffic Calming
Three E’sEngineeringEducationEnforcement
Speed tablesChicanesRoad NarrowingTreesRoad MarkingsSurface treatments materials / rumble stripsSpeed CamerasTHINK!
Traffic Calming - Engineering
Traffic Calming - Education
Traffic Calming - Education
Enforcement
Need Traffic Authority supportPart of wider strategyNeed community supportActive or Passive
Cameras or checkpointsMobile phones?Seat Belts?Helmets?
Cycling
Underutilised modeClean, Green and EfficientPerceptions of safety
Cycle & Road trainingRoad &Traffic conditionsCycle SecurityCycle Hire
London’s Cycle Hire Scheme
Modelled on Parisian VelibLaunched August 2010400 Stations (every 300m)6,000 bikesUsers
Casual & Registered
Cycle Friendly :London’s Cycle Hire Scheme
Cycle Superhighways
Safer, Faster & More Direct Journeys10 across LondonSupporting Measures
Cycle Superhighways
Cycle Super Highways
1. Traffic reduction.
2. Traffic calming.
3. Junction treatment and traffic management.
4. Redistribution of the carriageway
5. Cycle lanes.
British Cyclists Touring Club (CTC) and the Institute for Highways and Transportation
Electric Vehicles
Electric Vehicles
•Emit 40% less CO2
using UK grid mix –potentially zero carbon in the future
•No tailpipe emissions
•New, but rapidly growing technology attracting investment
Why electric vehicles?
Potential to contribute 10‐15k jobs and £600m annually to London’s economy by 2025
Low Carbon Economy
Road transport is responsible for 16% of London’s CO2
emissions
Climate Change
Road transport is responsible for 45% of London’s NOx emissions and 56% of its PM10 emissions
Air Quality
London’s EV Delivery Plan
Charging Infrastructure
Marketing and Incentives
Vehicles
100,000 electric vehicles in London
•5% of all London fleet to be electric
•Champion adoption by councils, businesses, car clubs and Londoners
•TfL delivering a procurement framework to enable the public sector to purchase up to 1,300 EVs
•GLA Group aspires to have up to 1,000 EVs in its own fleet.
London’s EV Delivery Plan
Charging Infrastructure
Marketing and Incentives
Vehicles
25,000 charging points across London by 2015
• Employee car parks to offer workplace charging points• TfL delivering a procurement framework to enable purchase of
£30M of charging infrastructure (Plugged in Places)• A network of publically accessible charge points across the city• 1 in 5 new development parking spaces to have an EV charging point (Draft London Plan)
First Steps in Delivery : Funding
£9.3m grant awarded by UK Government provides 50% match funding for TfL and private sector investment in publically accessible charging infrastructure 1,300 publicly accessible charge points by 2013
• Public / private consortium led by TfL includes Asda, BAA, EDF, Europcar, Hertz, Nissan, Sainsbury's, Siemens, SSE and Tesco
£0£10£20£30£40£50£60
Millions
Proposed Revised
Private Local Gov't Central Gov't/EU
A Pan‐London Network
Electricity is free at the point of use to membersLocation, and availability will be viewable from one websiteCall centre for help and advice and to report any issuesMaintenance and emergency call out co-ordinated across the city
• All points in public spaces networked and accessed by smart cards
• Annual membership fee (£100) allows you free access any of the charge points across London
London’s EV Delivery Plan
Charging Infrastructure
Marketing and Incentives
Vehicles
• Pan London brand will highlight charging infrastructure, pan‐London scheme, website and information across London
• Incentives: No congestion charge• Communication strategy aimed at likely early adopters and businesses
Source London
www.sourcelondon.net