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Urban Land-Use Theories

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Location Evolution

Population distribution

Dynamic forces in city

development

Centrifugal

centripetal

Patterns

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Urban Land-UseTheories

Concentric ZoneTheory

Burgess !"#$%

Cities gro& out&ards 'rom the

centre in a series o' rings(

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CONCENTRIC ZONE MODEL

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Concentric Zone Theory Timeframe

!"#)*s

Class conscioussociety

Housing segregatedaccording to income

Lac+ o' transportin'rastructure

Assumptions

,lder buildings in city centre

Ne&er buildings at edge o'city

Land alues highest in citycentre

Strong economic and ethnicsegregation

Lo& income groups lac+

transport and lie close tocity centre(

Cities deelop on a .at plain&ith e/ual access to transport

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Five Concentric Zones

Central BusinessDistrict

Transition and

ndustry lo& incomes

oldest housing

ghettos

Lo! ncome"esidential

#iddle ncome"esidential

suburban estates-good /uality0 gardens

$i%h ncome"esidential &Commuter

Small to&ns andillages

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'roblems !ith Bur%ess #odel,ld

Landscape not considered

1mpact that industry and transportcould hae on land use notconsidered(

Zones are neer as clear-cut

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$oyt(s )ector #odel

!"2"

Sectors radiating out 'rom theCB3 along transport routes(

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)ector TheoryTimeframe

Late !"2)*s

1ncome and

status diidedsociety

Housing areas

re.ect socialsegregation

Assumptions

Settlement deelopsalong transport routes

To&ns radiate out'rom the CB3

Lo&-income andindustrial areas liene4t to each other

5ealthy peoplechoose the best sites

C iti i f $ t(

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Criticisms of $oyt(sTheory

,ld

Too general

1n reality0 most 6ones contain

more than one land-use

3oesn7t consider the impact o'

urban rene&al schemes

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Burgess 8* Hoyt

Hoyt*s theory is based

on statistical data0 so isless open to thecriticism that Burgessreceied(

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$arris and Ullman(s #ultiple

*uclei Theory!"9$

:s an urban area gro&s0 itdeelops around a numbero' di;erent business

centres or nuclei(

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#ultiple *uclei TheoryMi4ture o' Burgess and Hoyt

Sho&s some land-uses attract more o' the

same0 'or e4ample industrial areas

Some land-uses may deter others 'rom locating

nearby0 eg< housing is usually located a&ay

'rom industrial areas

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MULTIPLE NUCLEI MODEL

3

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#ultiple *uclei Theory

:ssumptionsro&th occurs out&ards 'rom each nucleus(

Location o' each nuclei re.ects its economicneeds0 ie heay industries locate close to theport(

These di;erent centers attract gro&th andencourage 'urther deelopment(

Until they all merge into one large urban area(

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Criticisms of #ultiple *uclei Theory

Not an e4act ?t 'or all

cities and to&ns

Too comple4

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Are these models relevant to

today(s cities++Hae some releance

No& due to urban rene&al schemes and

changes in society0 high income residential

areas o'ten e4ist close to the CB3

Modern cities are e4panding beyond these

models- Urban Spra&l

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