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Urban Land ModelsUrban Land Models
AP Human GeographyRussellville High School
What do we always say What do we always say about models?about models?
This is a modelIs this what real
women look like?It’s the same
way with models in geography…
Geography models are simply representations of the built environment
What do we always say What do we always say about models?about models?
Most importantly – they are just modelsModels only represent patterns in
spaceThe landscape does NOT look exactly
like the modelModels are thus representations of the
landscape to help better understand patterns
Three Classic Urban Models
Other Urban Models
Burgess Concentric Zone Burgess Concentric Zone ModelModel
http://www.lgfl.net/lgfl/leas/barnet/accounts/migration/web/Land%20Use/documents/burgess-re-done.jpghttp://www.lgfl.net/lgfl/leas/barnet/accounts/migration/web/Land%20Use/documents/burgess-re-done.jpg
Characteristics of Concentric Characteristics of Concentric ZoneZone
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Burgessen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Burgess
Burgess studied 1920s Chicago to make this model
5 concentric zones Burgess suggested
that immigrants lived in inner zones which caused affluent residents to move farther out
Invasion and Succession
Concentric Zone’s weakness is that it does not allow for change in the city
Concentric Zone does not allow for physical geographic barriers
Or, how about this? Or, how about this? Pg. 411 RubensteinPg. 411 Rubenstein
Applying the ModelsApplying the ModelsLook at the map (figure 13-7) of Dallas
on Page 413 of Rubenstein for Concentric Zone
Look at the map (figure 13-8) of Dallas on Page 413 of Rubenstein for Sector Model
Look at the map (figure 13-9) of Dallas on Page 414 of Rubenstein for Multiple Nuclei
Compare with Dallas map on Page 422
Does this really work on the Does this really work on the landscape?landscape?
Hoyt Sector ModelHoyt Sector Model
Hoyt Sector ModelHoyt Sector Model Late 1930s Answered the drawbacks
of Burgess Model Hoyt said growth
created pie-shaped urban structure
Hoyt said his pie-shaped zones could reach from the Core (CBD) to the edge of the city (e.g. low rent sector 3 from CBD to outskirt of city)
Sector Model says that the CBD is not as important as Burgess indicated
Sectors were developed along transport routes (e.g. highways, RRs, etc.)
Or, how about this?Or, how about this?Pg. 411 RubensteinPg. 411 Rubenstein
Harris & Ullman – Multiple Harris & Ullman – Multiple NucleiNucleihttp://cronodon.com/PlanetTech/Cities_Structure.htmlhttp://cronodon.com/PlanetTech/Cities_Structure.html
Multiple NucleiMultiple Nuclei
1940s Harris & Ullman
hypothesized the CBD was further losing its dominance
CBD no longer the nucleus of the modern city, thus emergence of ‘nuclei’
Reflects decentralization and then re-nucleation of urban functions
Nuclei are disconnected and do not necessarily rely on each other
Or, how about this?Or, how about this?Pg. 412 RubensteinPg. 412 Rubenstein
Let’s look at all three nowLet’s look at all three nowwww.csiss.orgwww.csiss.org
Urban Realms ModelUrban Realms Modelwww.csiss.orgwww.csiss.org
Hartshorn and Mueller
1980sModeled after
cities like Atlanta and Los Angeles
Further metamorphosis of multiple nuclei
World City ModelsWorld City Models
Latin American City Latin American City ModelModel
http://lewishistoricalsociety.com/wiki2011/tiki-read_article.php?articleId=96http://lewishistoricalsociety.com/wiki2011/tiki-read_article.php?articleId=96
World City ModelsWorld City Models
Southeast Asian City Model Southeast Asian City Model
http://lewishistoricalsociety.com/wiki2011/tiki-read_article.php?articleId=90http://lewishistoricalsociety.com/wiki2011/tiki-read_article.php?articleId=90
World City Models World City Models
African City ModelAfrican City Model
Favela in Rio de JanieroFavela in Rio de Janierohttp://getmobetter.wordpress.com/2009/10/09/the-real-rio/http://getmobetter.wordpress.com/2009/10/09/the-real-rio/
Slums, Squatter Settlements Slums, Squatter Settlements in Nairobi, Kenyain Nairobi, Kenya
http://www.nowpublic.com/environment/nairobis-slumshttp://www.nowpublic.com/environment/nairobis-slums
Urban Issues – Segregation – Urban Issues – Segregation – Where are Cubs and White Where are Cubs and White Sox fans?Sox fans?http://www.thechicago77.com/2009/01/chicago-is-americas-most-segregated-city/http://www.thechicago77.com/2009/01/chicago-is-americas-most-segregated-city/
CITYSCAPES – What are they?
ChicagoChicago
SeattleSeattle
St. LouisSt. Louis
ShanghaiShanghai
LondonLondon
New York CityNew York City
ParisParis
AthensAthens
Urban TermsUrban TermsRank-Size RuleBedroom
CommunitiesSense of PlaceIn-fill or In-fillingCovenantsZoningNIMBYRevitalizationGentrification
DINKCommodificationBlockbustingRedliningOther Side of the
TracksTenements/Row
Houses/Brownstones
White FlightEdge CitiesMegalopolis
Another way to keep “those Another way to keep “those people” outpeople” outZoningTransportation geography –
creating highways, rails as buffers between racial areas
Suburbs – property valuesCreation of parks to block
developmentDeerfield, IL case study
Let’s look at all three nowLet’s look at all three now