SMART CITIES FOR 21ST CENTURY AUSTRALIA - HOW

URBAN DESIGN INNOVATION CAN CHANGE OUR CITIES

HYATT, CANBERRA • 7–9 NOVEMBER 2016

WWW.URBANDESIGNAUSTRALIA.COM.AU

Mr Geoff Barker Principal PM+D Architects and Services Visualising a future smart city – Incorporating people into the picture With the technological explosion of innovations, apps and gadgets and the connective immediacy of communications, information and intrusion, how do people fit into the picture? Are people, and the population diversity within the community, just being swept along as part of a technological lava flow, hardening at the sides of an incessant stream? The rise of both spontaneous and planned “community involvement” in political protestations, programs and practices, associated with; policy formulation, planning, decision making and project development and implementation, perhaps suggest otherwise and remind us that there are opportunities, and maybe there are trends, to embrace the community and its population diversity for whom the city is developed, remodelled and reconstituted. This presentation raises questions about the potential to impact the city through a range of community involvement methodologies, discusses the veracity of some formal opportunities for people being involved in planning and project development and presents examples where engaging the community as partners in process and project development can deliver benefits beyond the expected. The presentation concludes with ideas, developed from working with Indigenous Communities, for embracing the diverse make up of our community as partners in development, rather than merely recipients of development, as a core feature of a smart city.

Dr Lee Beattie Head of School School of Architecture and Planning, University of Auckland Co-authors: Prof Errol Haarhoff, Professor, School of Architecture and Planning, University of Auckland Design Review Down Under: Principles and Practices in Auckland, Queenstown and Perth A decade ago, Ali Madanipour (2006, p173) pointed to what he then saw as a resurgent interest in urban design, ‘evident in an increasing presence in professional journals, government websites, academic debates and popular media’. This response in part reflected aspirations for cities to achieve better quality outcomes in the urban development process. These aspirations were accompanied by the development of ‘best practice’ urban design guides, directed at key stakeholders in the development process: the development sector, relevant communities, urban planners and the design professions. Despite the enthusiasm embraced in these moves, a key issue to promoting better urban design outcomes was how would this be achieved beyond vigorous advocacy? The strategy adopted by many cities is the process of ‘Design Review’. Design Review is a step in the normal development approval and consenting process whereby designs (preferably at an early stage of design) are presented for comment by an ‘expert’ advisory panel. Despite wide adoption of design review in many cities in Australia and New Zealand, there is no recent comprehensive evaluation of the processes or outcomes in the Australian and New Zealand context. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of current Design Review processes in Australia and New Zealand, with special reference case studies of Perth, Auckland and Queenstown, and to highlight specific issues related to these contexts. Relevant literature is reviewed, and key stakeholders – urban planning officers, developers, design professionals – are interviewed using a set of key questions as a prompt to an open-ended discussion to determine the impact the design review process is having in improving the quality of the built form outcomes.

Mr Gareth Collins Principal Manager Centre for Urban Design RMS The impact of autonomous vehicles on the built environment Dame Sylvia Crowe the great forward thinking landscape architect of the 20th Century once said "It would seem that the highway facilities must always lag far behind the means of locomotion, and we should watch carefully that the next advance in transport does not find us still thinking in terms of roads for out-dated vehicles. (1960) With the advent of autonomous vehicles the effect on the road and street environment will be profound. Almost every geometric standard, design guide and roadside piece of furniture is there because it mitigates driver error which accounts for over 90% of all crashes. Wide lanes, large radii and barriers save people from their poor driving. Signage exists because of human navigation deficiencies. Car parks exist because we all like to park in one easily found space. Road upgrades and widening occur because we are unable to drive in an ordered regular and straight path and the act of driving is a waste of productive time. On motorways over 30m of the cross section is devoid of trees because of the dangers of an accidental swerve. This talk will explore, from the perspective of urban design, the many small simple changes that will occur because of autonomous vehicles and also some of the more challenging wide reaching effects.

Dr Graham Crist Program director RMIT University Co-authors: Dr Gretchen Wilkins, Program Director, RMIT University Can’t Stop Wont Stop: Qualitative Density vs Endless Mobility How much is the experience or lived quality of urban density shaped by our mobility in that density? How much do the strategies of smart cities allow us to stay still, and to limit our physical mobility in the urban environment? The proposition guiding these questions is that it is the forced mobility which makes dense cities unliveable, not the density itself. In a city which allows us to move around less, we can tolerate more density. The modern discourse of planned cities by contrast, is obsessed with transport, with its origins in escaping unliveable density. The context for this proposition is the transformation of the core of Melbourne in the last two decades. That city’s CBD has and is being rebuilt as a concentration of residential towers filled with cars, and with pockets of extreme density. The concentration of resources in this core has made the metropolitan periphery a zone of commuting to the centre. Such a situation is merely an exaggeration of a structure built into transport networks and planning controls. That under developed infrastructure has made both zones unsustainable. The anxiety around this condition has lead to discussions of apartment controls, building height limits and density constraints. The Road to Nowhere project at RMIT Architecture and Urban Design is examining this as an urban and architectural design question, and bench marking it against other compelling examples of high density such as Ho Chi MInh City, Vietnam and Mumbai in India. Designing for qualitative density measured against relative urban stasis may be an antidote to the city being crushed by mobility.

Mr Peter Edwards Director Archipelago Co-authors: Mr Dennis Nichol, Senior Development Manager, Economic Development Queensland Realising the Vision of the Gold Coast Health and Knowledge Precinct – from Games Village to New Knowledge City Since creating the bid winning masterplan for the 2018 Gold Coast Commonwealth Games Athlete’s Village in 2011, Archipelago has been working with the Queensland government to realise the vision for the Gold Coast Health and Knowledge Precinct (GCHKP). The original tripartite promise of health, knowledge and industry working together has evolved into a precinct that champions the State’s agenda to compete globally in the New Knowledge sector. Already home to the Gold Coast University Hospital, Griffith University and the Gold Coast Private Hospital, the 200 hectare site capitalises on the opportunity to develop an integrated and collaborative location for learning, research, knowledge creation and the commercialisation of newly developed technologies. The precinct benefits from over $5bn in local infrastructure, $500m of direct investment and is the significant legacy of the 2018 Gold Coast Commonwealth Games. The co-location of major education, research, science, health institutions with business and industry is the principle DNA of the knowledge city. Supporting these precincts with the elements of a successful urban centre – quality transport options, diverse uses, quality housing and lifestyle amenity – creates the conditions for a thriving knowledge economy. Economic Development Queensland have been instrumental in creating the Gold Coast Health and Knowledge Precinct 2016 Masterplan. Beyond clearly demonstrating the intent for the development of the Health Knowledge Precinct this document telegraphs a vision that goes beyond the current boundaries of the GCHKP to reframe incumbent thinking and demonstrate the latent possibilities for a ‘brain and brawn’ approach to new knowledge infrastructure. This lively presentation will overview the development history of the precinct, the development and design principles preserved through the life of the project, the proposed post games delivery of the remaining 9 hectares of developable land and the ingredients required to deliver a globally significant New Knowledge City.

Prof Brian Fildes Professor Monash University Accident Research Centre The future of Private Transport in Australia There are a number of technological advancements (disruptors) occurring worldwide that are likely to have a significant impact on private transport in Australia in the coming years. Tony Saba, entrepreneur, visionary, and educator , recently noted that with business model innovation in the area of energy and transportation, potential disruptors will have substantial impacts on future private transportation in the next 10 to 15 years. He predicts that by 2030, disruptors will lead to changes in vehicle fuels (all vehicles will be electrically driven), that vehicles will become autonomous (computer rather than human driven), and vehicle ownership will shift to car sharing, with considerable community benefits. Even if these bold predictions only partially eventuate, it is clear that they will have a dramatic impact on transportation in Australia as we know it today. This paper sets out to predict the likely societal changes and benefits for Australian cities such as Canberra if these predictions are real. They are likely to have a profound effect on future communities (a 20% reduction

in the number of vehicles on our roads is predicted) with reduced congestion, less need for parking facilities, environment improvements, greater use of public transport, a potential change in homebuyers’ location preferences, type of housing, and vehicle ownership. The legal implications for governments and society related to personal mobility and government procedures will also be addressed. Research published by the Bureau of Infrastructure, Transport and Regional Economics recently showed that in the last 4 to 5 years, there has been a 12% reduction in private motor vehicle trips, and licensing rates are consistently reducing. It is expected that these changes will inevitably lead to reductions in road trauma and a cleaner and more liveable society.

Mr Hugh Gardner Senior city planner Arup Canberra: embracing a digital mindset to deliver integrated smart city initiatives The aim of this presentation is to ask conference participants to further explore two recent pieces of work that we have developed with Canberra: the city’s statement of ambition and the city’s smart city opportunity assessment. We will do this with an overview of the thinking behind each piece of work, a demonstration of the stated directions of travel and their importance to the future city form in Canberra and finally an exploration of the relationship between the statement of ambition and Canberra’s future as a smart city on the world stage. The statement of ambition can be found online. The smart city framework collected information through discussions with industry, community and government, which is presented as smart city priorities for Canberra. A reference architecture model was used to respond to two questions: how can existing digital investments contribute to Canberra’s priorities? How can individual projects be integrated to maximise benefits? When we looked at Canberra’s unique advantages and the drivers shaping global cities in the urban century, a clear direction of travel emerged. We have worked with the ACT Government to understand how Canberra will move towards a more compact and competitive city model – one that goes beyond the spatial requirements to a community based and economic approach for compact smart city development. We have concurrently worked with them to develop a clear framework for Canberra’s smart city initiatives. The Chief Minister’s recent state of the territory address showed Canberra is pursuing the stated directions of travel. One Conclusion is that everything Canberra does should ensure that communities and businesses have access to the digital infrastructure and skills they need to successfully participate and compete in the transition to an economy based on knowledge and innovation. What does this look like? We will explore that question with conference participants.

Mr Michael Hegarty Managing principal GHDWoodhead Synaptic Urbanism - Tools to prioritise local responses to the global challenges of accelerating urbanization Urbanization is not a new phenomenon. But now, based on UN projections, we are increasingly dependent on accelerating city growth for us to safeguard basic human necessities such as farmland and water supplies. In simple terms we can no longer sustain a dispersed society. Rapid acceleration in urban living demands that we reassess our approach to understanding cities, from practical considerations of infrastructure, transport, water, housing and public places to broader socio-political and economic contexts setting the physical infrastructure framework.

Synaptic Urbanism is an analytical approach I suggest we use as we begin to navigate this complex urban future. Each city has competing priorities for investment, infrastructure, urban repair and social provision. Decision makers heretofore have prioritized investment based on fiscal objectives, political drivers and, in many cases, as a response to unforeseen events. The result is that many past investments in our cities are ineffective because they are based on infrastructure strategies that are incomplete. Policy makers can now use spatial data to make better investment decisions. We can identify the small investments to complete previously disjointed strategies. For example, connecting transport with social infrastructure can facilitate a catalytic transformation in a neighbourhood, which in turn attracts private sector investment which helps fund additional infrastructure investment. The key component is that these Synaptic Urbanism interventions do not need to be large investments, they just need to be in the right place and do the right things. For any Synaptic Urbanism intervention to be effective it needs to be based on deep knowledge of the specific place. A lack of rigour, or worse still, nostalgic misinterpretation of urban needs, can lead to wasted investment. Our city centres are where we interact as a society. Understanding past and present circumstances is important but must inform decision-making in parallel with thorough statistical analysis of economic and infrastructure needs.

Dr Malcolm Holz Director creativesuburb.com The creative suburb: contributing to smart city making Concepts of entrepreneurial and smart cities were galvanised in the 2000s by luminaries such as Richard Florida and Charles Landry in their respective and comprehensive research and widespread promotion of the rise of the ‘creative class’ and tools for making a ‘creative city’. However at the time Florida and Landry were making a big global splash, other (predominantly Australian) ‘creative suburbanist’ researchers were beginning a backlash, principally against what was viewed as an emergent city centre -centric approach to policy, planning, and investment in creative and cultural industries. Considerable attention has been given to accommodating rapidly increasing populations, notably knowledge workers, in locations in and close to city centres. However, rarely is it acknowledged that the bulk of urban population growth is occurring in peripheral suburban areas, in particular in ‘greenfield’ locations more than 20 kilometres from the city centre, on the outskirts of what are becoming city-regional conurbations. The ‘creative suburb’ considers the potential for a greater diversity of typically smaller and more affordable ‘homeworkhouses’, home-based business and mixed-use centres to help make greenfield suburbs in Australia not only more self-contained, self-sufficient and sustainable, but smart. The creative suburb also contributes to current discourse in realising medium-high intensity in low rise development, and proffers building and urban design solutions – morphology, typology, topology, genre – responsive to the changing and increasingly flexible nature of work, where entrepreneurial, problem-solving and creative skills are in increasing demand.

Mr David Klingberg Ceo David Lock Associates Smart cities: Vision to reality The growth of the development of smart cities is a recent popular discourse driven by changes in technology. How planners and designers utilise smart technology to engage in city development will change quickly in the future through the use of this technology. David Lock Associates is at the forefront of the latest thinking around smart cities having presented at the American Institute of Architects on this topic as well as the offices of David Lock Associates UK working

closely with technology companies Bosch and Hitachi. By taking a holistic view of cities and their integration with technology, cities of tomorrow can be inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable for all their people. During the presentation, David will discuss the latest insight into ‘Smart Cities’ from a global perspective; the rise of technology companies who have an interest in city development and how this may or may not be beneficial for the cities of the future; what valuable lessons can be gathered for consideration when looking to implement these technologies into Australian cities; and the challenges associated with using smart technology whilst not losing sight of the end user ‘people’. Attendees will gain a new way of thinking around smart cities and how this can be harnessed at a national level to produce great places now and into the future in Australia.

Ms Angela Koepp Senior associate Roberts Day Completing Griffin’s Vision: Smart Tools for A 21st Century Garden City Canberra is the only planned Australian capital city and was based on the Garden City model; idyllic self-contained towns based around a concentric model of majestic, tree-lined public transit boulevards. Rather than working against the landscape, Canberra is cradled by, and intertwined with, the natural landscape, allowing an active and outdoors-based lifestyle. Griffin envisaged Canberra to be largely medium density housing, which would front parks and streets and support a range of cultural facilities dispersed through the city. Due to political reasons and World War I, the Griffin’s plan for a Garden City has instead been realised as the Garden Suburb. Canberra is now working towards renewing Griffin’s legacy to revitalise the city. The Capital Metro has accelerated a shift into infill development through programs such as the Asset Recycling Initiative. The sensitivities and constraints around increasing densities within historic Canberra neighbourhoods has highlighted the need for 21st century smart tools to deliver place- led, form- based urban development solutions through an authentic community engagement process. The key barriers to realising Griffin’s Garden City Vision include ACT Codes that were created for flat, greenfield developments, costly planning solutions and community consultation strategies for the delivery of new suburbs. Angela is actively working nationally and with the ACT government and development industry on a number of projects towards form- based code reform, the business case for next- practice development and smart- community engagement for urban infill projects. Angela will present how her experience is contributing to breaking down these barriers and moving Canberra towards the 21st Century Garden City.

Mr Alastair Leighton Associated director, design AECOM Integrated Infrastructure: The Human Health Imperative Over the last 20 years global spending on major infrastructure was nearly USD$38 trillion. This was insufficient to fulfil the basic needs of populations in the developing world or keep pace with deferred maintenance and enhanced services in established nations. Over the same period, the performance of our cities reveals a human health crisis. It is estimated that by 2030, chronic disease will cause nearly 52 million global deaths per year; nearly five times the number of deaths from communicable diseases. With population growth estimated to be 1.8 billion over the next 25 years there is an imperative to consider the performance of new and existing infrastructure for the health and wellbeing of rapidly growing urban populations. The creation of 250 cities equivalent in size to New York over the next quarter of a century is a daunting prospect.

This presentation will assert that a range of measures should be adopted to address the challenge with a clear and determined focus upon enhanced community health and wellbeing. This includes leadership, strategy, enhanced economic diversity and an integrated approach to the urban systems that comprise our urban environments. It will do this by referencing the regional scale, the importance of strategic frameworks and planning tools, and a series of case studies related to enhanced performance at a local level. The approach will consider the value of natural infrastructure and critical steps to achieve more effective integration in communities. It will consider the tools required to inform decision-making. Case studies include work undertaken for the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission, Queensland Government and the Lower Manhattan Coastal Resiliency Project. The presentation concludes with practical examples of the ways small but strategic steps could unlock the potential of integrated infrastructure in the short term, to deliver healthy future cities.

Mr Kevin Lloyd Principal HASSELL Commerce and community Globalisation and the rapidly changing interface between international and local economies is having a greater impact on the evolution of our Cities than ever before. New tensions have emerged that challenge traditional priorities for the design of housing, urban precincts and cities. The rise of the international investor has boosted confidence and unlocked a new trajectory of growth for many cities. The trend raises compelling opportunities to revitalise urban precincts and supply more affordable housing. It has ushered in a new range of priorities for the design, development and marketing of new housing – raising critical questions about who we are designing for. Many of the people ‘buying’ new architecture are not necessarily the people that occupy it. New tensions are emerging for the liveability of new urban housing, prompting stricter regulations in some jurisdictions to ensure a basic level of amenity. More subtle tensions have emerged, where the generic ‘offer’ needed to successfully market new projects may not resonate with the local context, character or climate. The smart cities of tomorrow need to actively foster the intrinsic qualities that define a sense of place and encourage diversity. They need to embrace a more sophisticated mindset and place liveability at the heart city making efforts, balancing the tension between commerce and community. The presentation will focus on three themes for smarter cities: _Ownership and occupation: Recalibrating the design of our places, buildings and precincts to eschew commoditisation, instead fostering design that responds to the particular context, climate and circumstance of each place and project. _Responsive new typologies: That protect the finer grain of our cities and enrich the complex layers and historical development that define a places character and sense of place. _Accessibility: To underpin a more progressive city planning paradigm that places the movement of people and communications at the centre of future competitiveness and innovation.

Ms Carolyn Mclean Director Carolyn McLean Architects The Impact of driveless cars on retail and residential design Semi and fully autonomous cars are now being tested and research shows that by 2020 there will be 10 million self-driving cars on our roads. Today, the average car is parked 95% of the time, with only 5% on the road time. An IBM survey reported that, worldwide, urban drivers spend an average of 20 minutes per trip looking for parking, and a University of California study found that the United States has close to a billion parking spots. This means there are roughly 4 times more parking spaces than vehicles. So how will this impact on retail and residential design? AIM Identify the ways in which semi and fully autonomous cars may impact the design of retail and residential developments. CONTENT How will existing facilities be impacted? Will most people just join fleets and lease by the hour reducing car ownership significantly. How will future developments be designed to accommodate the change? How will councils adapt their city plans to allow for the mixed use of these sites? What should the controls capture to allow for maximum flexibility and private enterprise and innovation? Positive and negative outcomes of the technology on retail and residential design. CONCLUSION How designers and developers that do engage with the changes can be at the forefront of smart city design.

Mr Stephen Moore Principal RobertsDay The Loveable City After a decade of focusing on liveability and its benefits, our cities and places are increasingly generic and formulaic. Today, creating loveable places is now the key goal of progressive place-making where improving local identity and national productivity are mutually attainable goals. But, what is the art and science of creating loveable places? Stephen Moore, a Principal of Robertsday, will explain the essential elements for creating loveable places. Starting with the firm’s Place Design approach that sits in the middle ground between urban design and place-making, practical case studies will focus on marrying big ideas with small data to deliver quick wins and long term change. Full of practical lessons and evidence, Stephen’s presentation is essential to anybody interested in the idea that we can create cities people love.

Mr John Morwood Associate & principal town planner Bennett + Bennett Where do our parents play…. a housing affordability crisis of epic proportions is looming for our not-so-affluent Seniors How smart are we really when it comes to accommodating affordable housing and aged care outcomes for our not-so-wealthy baby boomers in their twilight years? Australia, including Queensland, is facing a massive challenge of housing and caring for our ever increasing seniors population who cannot afford to buy in to retirement and aged care facilities. Recent research indicates a number of alarming statistics facing South East Queensland, including a high level of welfare (pension) dependency, only 5% of over 65s in SEQ have a superannuation balance of $500K and over, 75% of all retirees earn less than $400/week, and a significant proportion of over 65s are long term renters with no asset to ‘trade’ for buying into retirement / aged care facilities. These statistics are very similar Australia-wide, and suggest that our Seniors may be in deep trouble when it comes to finding suitable long term affordable accommodation in their twilight years that accommodates all those important elements such as ready access to health care services, ageing in place, social cohesion and accessibility to other key services. This paper looks at the challenges faced, and how industry and government might seek to redress these issues. Much work is being done, discussion papers are being released and taskforces have been set up, but is it enough? Not-for-profit housing providers, such as Brisbane Housing Company, are getting runs on the board with the recent delivery of Brisbane’s first over 65s not-for-profit housing scheme in the Brisbane’s south. Tertiary institutions are also looking to contribute by embracing the relatively new global concept of Intergenerational living where affordable seniors living co-exists with student accommodation and health services on-campus. But we need to do better.

Mr Jon Hazelwood Principal and Practice Leader for Landscape Architecture HASSELL Co-authors: Mr Richard Mullane, Principal, HASSELL Mr David Tickle, Principal, HASSELL The tree and the city The urbanisation of China is occurring at a scale and pace unprecedented in human history, with tens of millions of people relocating to cities every year. Government policy has focused heavily on urban centres, delivering new infrastructure, transport systems, housing and employment, as well as reforming economic systems to encourage investment and innovation. Shanghai is an exemplar of this dramatic urban shift. Over a period of just twenty years, it has become a global economic power, a place of creativity and experimentation, with a contemporary city skyline to match. While the city is thriving in many respects, it has challenges related to air and water quality, green space provision, and the health and wellbeing of its residents. These issues measurably effect the performance of Shanghai on the global stage. According to the Economist, while Shanghai is a top-10 city on economic measures, it languishes at number 43 on its Global City Competitiveness Index when social and environmental factors are taken into account. These issues are the focus of two HASSELL projects completed in 2016: a self-funded research project and a design competition entry, both located in the Shanghai city centre.

Working together with Flamingo, an insights and strategy consultancy, we explored the importance of nature in the Chinese city. We spoke to a range of Shanghainese residents (through WeChat surveys, on-location intercepts and in-depth conversations) about the green spaces they use, the values they associate with nature and their aspirations for a more liveable, sustainable urban lifestyle. We were particularly interested in the direct relationship that can form between people and nature, or more specifically, a person and a tree. The economic, climatic and environmental benefits of trees in cities are well understood – our research aimed to capture a more personal perspective. The role of nature in the city was also the key consideration of our design proposal for the eastern edge of the Huangpu River, the main waterway of the city of Shanghai. Over the next 20 years, this water edge will be transformed to unlock the city’s potential, creating world-class public places and improving access to and enjoyment of the river’s edge. Our proposal saw the creation of the East Bank Urban Forest, a continuous woodland of two million trees – one tree for each of Shanghai’s two million children. This forest would have a significant impact on the city, expanding green space in the city centre by 25%, improving air quality and energy efficiency and creating new places to gather and celebrate. It actively supports Shanghai’s aspiration to become a more sustainable, attractive and prosperous world city. This presentation will reveal the key findings of our research, as well as presenting the key ideas and images of our Huangpu River proposal. Together, these projects articulate a vision for our cities – places of nature, places people love.

Mr Ben O'Callaghan Co-founder and Director Smart Urban Villages Smart new urban villages: pioneering sustainable housing in Australia using long-term leases. A new housing model which combines long-term leasing, sustainable design and professional management has recently been released to the market. It tackles climate change, housing affordability and urban design issues, head on. The perpetual leases provide similar benefits to home ownership, but without the need for a mortgage. Central community facilities in the medium-density urban villages deliver retreat-style facilities such as a community hall, kitchen and community gardens. This enables seamless resource sharing, substantial financial savings and cultivate community spirit. Shared spaces, cars, gardens, equipment and services is naturally more efficient and creates connections with the wider community. The dominant economic paradigm has led us to a world facing serious social and environmental challenges. At the same time, a new, optimistic and industry-disrupting counter-trend is boldly emerging, known as ‘the collaborative economy’ or ‘the sharing economy’. This movement, towards more cooperative and collaborative ways of living and working, goes to the heart of the long-term rental and shared facility model at the core of SUV’s urban design component. Residents are provided with resources and assets they can easily share, resulting in financial savings as well as a thriving vibrant community. Professional on-site management means no strata/body corporates are required and unlike individual cohousing and ecovillage initiatives, the new model can be repeated. Shared decision making also residents can get involved at the grass-roots, if they have time and if they wish. The SUV model leverages research completed by The University of Sydney and Ben O’Callaghan, showing that sustainable homes at the most awarded residential estate in Australia, The Ecovillage in Currumbin, use 75% less energy compared to new Australian contemporary homes, whilst delivering higher quality of life outcomes for residents. Smart Urban Villages is planning its initial communities in Australian capital cities before replicating the model overseas. More: www.smarturbanvillages.com/our-model

Mr Alistair Ray Head of Urban Design Jasmax From "City of Cars" to "World's Most Liveable City" - an ambitious journey! Only 10 years ago, Auckland was labelled by one local film-maker as the “City of Cars”, with one high-profile transport planner describing Auckland as having “…one of the worst public transport systems you could come across anywhere in the world and probably THE worst urban rail system of any city in any developed country in the world.” So what has happened in the intervening period? Well some major changes have happened, or are happening, which are helping to rid Auckland of this unwanted reputation, but there are still many challenges ahead to help tackle this auto-dependency. This presentation will firstly take a look at how Auckland became such a car dependent city. It will then take a look at some of the projects that are helping to put Auckland on a different, less car dependent direction, including the start of the City Rail Link, one of New Zealand’s largest infrastructure projects at an estimated cost of $NZ 2.4 billion; the idea of re-introducing trams (Light Rail) back to the city; and the completion of several controversial but highly successful shared space streets in the city centre. It will conclude by looking at “Where to next?” – exploring some of the challenges that still exist and lie ahead on this journey away from complete car dependency, as Auckland attempts to become “the world’s most liveable city”.

Dr Richard Hu Built environment & design University of Canberra How Smart is Smart Canberra Canberra, the national capital of Australia is a promising city. Canberra was established as an administrative Capital in 1913 and planned from the scratch. Despite being only a century old, the city has established itself as a second tire global city with lots of potentials. The OECD ranked Canberra as the most liveable city in the world in 2014 . This research measures the smartness of a second tier global city, using Canberra as a case study. To do this, the study compares the concentration of people with a university degree among the eight capital cities in Australia by extracting Place of Residence data from Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2011, 2006 and 2001 Census data. The knowledge capacity of capital cities is also measure based on 2011, Place of Work census data. A content analysis of the most recent planning policies and strategies of Canberra is also conducted to measure the smartness of the planning system in Canberra.

Mr Andrew Smith Deputy chief executive National Capital Authority Playing the long game: Completing the National Triangle This presentation will describe the remaking of Constitution Ave. Constitution Ave is a recently completed $42 million urban design project that creates a high quality public realm and provides a catalyst urban renewal at the base of Walter Burley Griffins national triangle. Canberra, like comparable first world national capitals, is defined by grand boulevards. Canberra’s National Triangle, formed by Kings Avenue, Commonwealth Avenue and Constitution Avenue physically, functionally and symbolically binds the national, ceremonial and municipal functions of the new national capital.

For much of its life, and despite its place in the city structure Constitution Ave did not reflect its national significance. It was poorly developed and without structure. In 2004 the NCA proposed that Constitution Avenue become an elegant and vibrant mixed use boulevard linking City Hill to Russell. The being to, increase the vitality of the Central National Area and complete the National Triangle. This was to be supported by an integrated transport system, broad tree-lined footpaths and outdoor dining and street parking. Subsequent changes to planning frameworks introduced a broad and flexible range of land uses, policy settings demanded good design and a high quality public environment. Specific policies detailed the quality of materials, landscape and mandated that active transport modes be given primacy were given statutory effect. This create the legal environment that ensured people rather than cars were the dominant consideration during the design process. Core infrastructure for Constitution Ave is now complete. The NCA’s vision for Constitution Ave is being realised, construction of the public realm is completed, a large number of development proposals for sites flanking the Avenue are being developed, with a number of early projects now complete. Constitution Ave is testament to long term strategic planning and an unwavering commitment to design quality.

Mr Edward Sullivan Adjunct Professor of Urban Studies and Planning Portland State University THE CHANGING ROLE OF TRANSPORTATION IN URBAN DESIGN – THE OREGON STORY The design of most modern cities has been shaped incrementally by automobile use and competitive demands on land, expenditures and attention of public entities. This paper discusses how one such entity, an American state, has sought to break out of a cycle of expensive incremental road-building through formulation of a multi-modal transportation policy integrated with its land use planning efforts. Oregon has a history similar to other American states (and likely to most first-world entities), except for its unique approach since the early 1970s requiring comprehensive planning and also requiring that land use regulations and actions be consistent with plans. This planning culture enabled the state to take an equally momentous second step in 1991 with the adoption of its Transportation Planning Rule (TPR), which bound all public entities in the state to a new, integrated regime that related transportation to land use planning and regulation. The effect of the TPR on urban design and infrastructure over the last 25 years has been transformative: VMT (vehicle miles traveled) have been cut. New or improved major road facilities must be justified in a rigorous process including evaluation of alternative modes of transportation. New uses must show in a measurable way that they will not adversely impact existing transportation systems. The paper concludes by considering phenomena likely to have significant effects on transportation systems going forward: the effect of the “sharing economy” and telecommuting, increasing demands for environmental mitigation of new or expanded facilities, reduction or elimination of direct and indirect road subsidies by political restraints on available public funds so that actual transportation costs are imposed through new or increased road tolling and parking charges, the failure of petrol taxes to keep pace with transportation needs, and measuring the incremental costs of new uses in terms of transportation impacts.

Mr David Tickle Principal HASSELL Co-authors: Mr Richard Palmer, Associate Director, WSP Parsons Brinckerhoff SuperDensity | A new model of vertical urbanism Many of our global cities face the challenges of urban intensification; balancing considerations of connectivity, affordability and amenity as they absorb wave upon wave of urban migration. We often look to Hong Kong for answers to our urban challenges – it is one of our most fascinating urban experiments. Hong Kong has some of the densest districts on the planet but is also considered to be a highly attractive and liveable urban environment. However, the city is under increasing population pressure, needing to accommodate a steadily growing population within a limited physical area. This presentation investigates how Hong Kong, an already dense city, might become even more dense. By understanding the physical, social and environment dimensions that constrain the city’s future growth, it will identify new spatial models for urbanisation. It is necessary to look beyond tall buildings (which play a vital role in providing compact city solutions) to innovative models for all city systems, including vertical streets and spaces, public infrastructure and transportation. This integrated design response will unlock the fullest potential of Hong Kong to overcome barriers to higher density development. By testing this in the context of Hong Kong, we can gain insights into how all cities might grapple the challenge of urban density and its role in creating more functional, attractive and competitive cities globally. Importantly, this model of urbanism seeks to balance economic drivers (including smart city strategies and technological shifts) with issues of liveability, amenity and sustainability. It builds upon work that HASSELL has undertaken in the region, including our award-winning Shenzhen housing proposal. The presentation will include a historic and spatial analysis of the city, as well as visualisations of our design vision.

Mr David Vago Director Habit8 “Obecity”: what is a smart edible city? Should the city be an optimised “panopticon”, (as smart city technology grows) or a melting pot of cultures, ideas and food production born from grass roots humanism? What does our quest for technology integration mean to the organic growth , health and sustainability of our cities? Smart cities have been heralded as the answer to efficient connected communities but are they really suitable for the average citizen? We can't eat smart technology, it doesn’t have emotions, it doesn’t produce energy, it doesn’t evolve and grow organically and has the tendency to cut people off socially. Therefore, can a smart city also be adaptable, sustainable and productive for its inhabitants? A smart edible city could sound like a futuristic hybrid fantasy of Willy Wonkas Chocolate factory crossed with the Jetsons but essentially it is, an automated sustainable food producing employment machine allowing diversity and expression sprinkled with a little quirkiness. Habit8 through its ideas generation think tank will demonstrate the correlation of smart city technology with successful edible and functional urban spaces exploring how smart tech can balance smart organics. Using a innovative project called “Willy Wonkas Woolloomooloo-an edible city” and other proposed examples from around the world, David Vago will discuss the impact technology has on landscapes and public domain and how important self producing sustainable city precincts can help solve social issues such as social

disconnection, depression, homelessness, an ageing population, housing affordability and the obesity epidemic. Once urban designers move to the next level of urban consciousness, (sometimes in conflict with those that pay the bills), only then can the city become an organic self sustaining organism rather than a homogenous constructed environment relying on development investment and constant capital investment to flourish, grow and prosper. (“Panopticon”: As a work of architecture, the panopticon allows a watchman to observe occupants without the occupants knowing whether or not they are being watched. As a metaphor, the panopticon was commandeered in the latter half of the 20th century as a way to trace the surveillance tendencies of disciplinarian societies.)

Ms Kerryn Wilmot Research principal Institute for Sustainable Futures UTS Regenerative development: even smarter Sustainability is not enough. Holding the line in circumstances of declining resources, changing climate and growing populations will not lead to a thriving future. We need to make our world better. The next generation of thinking is ‘regeneration’. This is a concept of having a beneficial impact, of restoring, of giving back, of improving the neighbourhood as a consequence of the development. It takes a whole systems approach to create abundance. Using examples of applied research projects, we look at what a regenerative approach might be for the property and development industries, what practical outcomes might result, and how technology is enabling these new approaches. The examples cover energy and water infrastructure, resource consumption, urban heat island mitigation, tree canopies and well-being, and food waste. They demonstrate different business models, mindsets and design and planning approaches that may change the way we live but will lead to good living that the planet can support: “a shift to ‘doing, being and producing’ instead of having and consuming”. We are well beyond the old silos of energy, water and waste and now starting to take account of the broader implications, particularly the impact on people. This way of thinking is entering the mainstream. We survey the landscape of tools that use a regenerative lens that provide guidance and structure for projects. The early adopters in Australia show that a regenerative approach is not only feasible, it leads to inspirational places. We can thrive within the limits of our resources and while restoring natural environments. Nature shows us that plentiful is possible. We have tools to guide us and the forefront of the industry is already adopting a regenerative approach. There is a critical mass emerging that will lead to a regenerative revolution.

Dr Natalie Allen The University of Auckland Delivering liveability through neighbourhood amenities Many cities in Australia and New Zealand have urban growth management policies and strategies in place to promote intensification as a way to avoid sprawl while continuing to absorb population growth. Enhancing the quality of urban life of residents is also a fundamental component in the urban growth management strategies of these cities. In spatial terms, fulfilling a directive for a compact city will require the intensification of town centres and existing neighbourhoods by increasing the availability of a variety of multi-unit, multi-use, and multi-storey attached housing typologies. It will also require social changes in terms of the lifestyle expectations and aspirations of residents. In order to understand the impetus for

residents to buy into this mandate for intensification, it will be important to research the housing choices and aspirations of residents who are living in attached forms of housing and to investigate the role of the neighbourhood in their perceived quality of urban life. This paper reports on the findings from fifty-seven-structured qualitative interviews, conducted with residents who currently live in attached typologies across four established neighbourhoods in the case study city of Auckland, New Zealand. The paper provides insights into two critical areas: firstly, higher density housing choices and the trade-offs residents make when deciding where to live; secondly, the significance of neighbourhood amenities, such as supermarkets and cafés, in relation to neighbourhood satisfaction. The research concludes that if higher density living is to be embraced in established neighbourhoods, what must be understood is the role of neighbourhood amenities both within neighbourhoods, and within the wider city, in delivering quality of urban life outcomes. The apparent risk of not considering neighbourhood amenities in this way is to misunderstand the nature of contemporary urban life and the effects of changing demographics and household structures on housing choices.

Mr Lee Valentine Partner & general manager Hoyne How can branding make a city smart? In order to create the smart cities of the future industry members need to work together to build a cohesive vision. By bringing together urban planners, architects, developers, councils, landscape designers, politicians, researchers, economists and health specialists, who all know what people want from their specific vantage point, we can build smart cities for tomorrow and not just for today. This is all well and good but how do we translate these utopian visions for the future into reality? When it comes to smart placemaking, branding can create a sense of belonging and purpose from very early on. Clear branding in the early stages will also substantially speed up the process of securing investment, creating social and economic benefits for decades to come. This is vital for engaging the community, industry members and the entire project team as well as creating project momentum. Branding, when done correctly, is a reflection of the sprit or personality of a community and connects directly with existing residents, potential buyers, investors and businesses. It can help instil a sense of community pride, increase community cohesion and improve economic performance. Although we can often understand the benefits of a smart city on an intellectual level the real challenge is getting people to emotionally engage with a sometimes distant seeming concept. Brands can ignite pride, confidence and energy in communities which allow ground-breaking smart urban innovation to take place. The new city centre for Maroochydore by SunCentral, a corporation set up by the Sunshine Coast Council, is a great example of a community that wants to evolve and become a prosperous, smart ecosystem. The brand positions the new city as ‘smart’, with state of the art technology providing digital solutions throughout. The brand is used to illustrate a vision, setting forward a smart city blueprint to achieve long-lasting success.

Mrs Varsha Belwalkar Consultant Nirvana Consultancy Co-authors: Mr Prashant Belwalkar, Director, Nirvana Consultancy Sustainable Living in Communities (SLIC) The advent of 21st century has seen a growing migration towards urban living where by 2050, 50% of the world’s population shall be residing in urban areas as per WHO. There has been a marked increase in stress related diseases and coupled with the eating habits, the lifestyle is a magnet for obesity related problems like Diabetes, chronic respiratory diseases among others. Urban Living is beset with fast pace and a range of health problems associated with the life style in this environment. Most of the working family members hardly have any time to look after themselves. Neither are they able to relieve stress while they are busy travelling, working and looking after the young families. There is a concern amongst community workers, public health officials and urban planners about declining levels of physical and psychological health of city dwellers. The blame for this is being levelled at multiple factors such as car dependency, long commuter distances, polluted and unsafe environments. These facts make it difficult to undertake physical exercises needed for achieving healthy lifestyle. The Sustainable Living in communities (SLIC) program looks at providing an outlet for participants to take advantage of living with nature, reduce stress and provide for sustainable living in urban environment. This initiative is a new way of working in limited space and resources and providing healthy living options within communities. As urbanisation takes hold at the expense of agricultural land, scarcity of food as well as the knowledge of growing it is going to be a major problem. Gardening in urban spaces will provide a level playing field and may reduce dependence for basic fresh vegetables and reduce the costs of buying them from supermarkets. The program uses available sustainable technologies like hydroponics, aquaculture and other horticultural means required to grow your own food. The program will work with multiple stake holders highlighting the benefits of the program. In addition to this, the initiative aims to encourage the uptake of gardening at home to improve family relationships, encourage cross generational learning, save money in household food budgets, increase environmental awareness and improve school-community relationships.

Ms Sarah Baker Research assistant UNSW - Faculty of the Built Environment Public and private benefits of competitive design processes in central Sydney Good design delivers a variety of public benefits. The so-called ‘design dividend’ links these benefits to positive financial uplift for property interests resulting from superior design. What happens when competitive design processes enter the picture? In this paper we examine City of Sydney Council’s competitive design policy. The policy uniquely requires major private projects in Sydney’s CBD to undergo a design procurement process involving jury-based evaluation of alternative designs, with a discretionary floor-space bonus entering into the development assessment phase. With the policy now in operation for 15 years, roughly 40 major approved projects in the CBD have successfully come through a competitive design process. This setting provides a unique opportunity to examine the potential of good design - and, particularly, competitive design. To arrive at an overall assessment of the value-add from these arrangements, we draw from analyses of a database derived from Council records, interviews with built environment professionals including developers, architects and planners, fieldwork, and examination of industry judgements of the outcomes. Although this research echoes previously identified difficulties in defining and quantifying the benefits of design excellence, we report evidence to largely substantiate a consensus in perception that Sydney’s competitive design policy has generated a raft of both public and

private benefits. Securing design excellence through competition emerges as an innovative regulatory approach to help ‘bridge the gap’ between public and private interests in the design and development of the city.

Mr Gerald Blunt Design manager -city shaper Wellington City Council The Wellington Story - Serendipity The idea of serendipity is explored as a potential management tool for cities. Serendipity is referenced in a series of management journals where it is proposed that it should be considered as part of business processes. In Make Serendipity Work for You in the Harvard Business Review, the following ideas are explored: 1. Serendipity is a close relative of creativity 2. Serendipity benefits not just from scarcity (forcing people to be creative) but from a degree of sloppiness, tenacity, and dissent. 3. History matters 4. Socializing matters 5. Diversity matters 6. Tinkering matters The idea of serendipity has not commonly been considered in urban design and planning literature. The presentation will look at issues of cities and their design and planning, and explore why serendipity might work in the city context. This will be done through understanding Wellington’s sense of place, including how our whakapapa has been translated into a contemporary building. Further lessons from three case studies; the waterfront, the Capital City initiative and the civic centre project will be reviewed and analysed to suggest how the idea of serendipity can improve innovation in City Shaping.

Mr Rob Catchlove Director Wave Consulting Roads of the future: An industry project to develop integrated design of roads, water and trees. Roads built today will last 50 to 100 years. But the roads of the future, and the city in 50 to 100 years’ time will be a very different place. There is a real need to think of what sort of streetscapes we are designing and building, particularly as roads typically take up 30% of all space in a city. Driverless cars, urban cooling pockets, urban food, flood carrying overlays, smart phone technology, all demand a different way of thinking for road reserves and road infrastructure. With increased density, increased population, and climate change, these spaces are even more in demand. But they often only serve one person, and a range of potential benefits are built out through a rigid approach to complying with standards. Standards and guidelines that don’t account for multiple benefits. We suggest that in designing and constructing the road of the future, there are five untapped benefits that could be achieved through an integrated approach to bringing road, water and landscape design together. These are cooler microclimates, improved downstream waterway health, more active and economically viable local businesses, longer asset lives, and safer streets. Industry experience suggests that this doesn’t happen, in greenfields or brownfields. Our method of interviewing 20 professional engineering, planning, landscape, environmental and operational staff from three councils, and VicRoads, identified that there were 61 different problems in

taking an integrated design approach. Evidence was then compiled to look at the veracity of each of the problems. This enables us to look at trials and solutions, with a clear outline of current problems. The project has completed stage 1, whereby we worked with three progressive councils, VicRoads, and had support from various industry groups (like AILA, UDIA and Stormwater Victoria), and are now planning on ground trials to built roads of the future.

Mr Guy Dixon Founder and Inventor Networked Infrastructure National Architecture (NINA) Pty Ltd Smart Cities Need a Smart Operating System (A reinvention of the urban operating system) The take-up of smart city technologies is uneconomic due to antiquated operating systems in both established and new cities. Poles and wires, buried pipes, dysfunctional storm water systems block the economic deployment of smart city technologies. We have many new exciting technologies, the new "apps" of the urban environments but they are uneconomic absent a 21st century operating system to integrate them. We describe a new innovation in urban operating systems which can be applied retrospectively to brown fields and proactively to green field developments. It is the first new technology which will allow the urban environment to function as an energy generating, water harvesting, climate resilient, and carbon neutral or negative, and clean ecosystem, without compromising economic productivity, growth and prosperity.

Dr Paul Downton Research fellow Deakin university Co-authors: Prof David Jones, Professor, Deakin University Mr Phillip Roos, Senior Lecturer, Deakin University Mr Josh Zeunert, Lecturer, Deakin University Biophilia in Urban Design – Patterns and principles for smart Australian cities In the three decades or more since EO Wilson’s Biophilia (1984) hypothesis was introduced to the scientific lexicon it has become widely accepted as a powerful way of understanding and examining the bond that humans have with other species and living systems, which Wilson suggests is fundamentally instinctive. The hypothesis has been advanced and incorporated in the concept of Biophilic Design promoted by Kellert et al (2008) and further interpreted and celebrated by Newman (2012) and others, particularly Beatley in Biophilic Cities (2010). Biophilic design has been codified for commercial and professional acceptance, notably by Terrapin Bright Green LLC with 14 Patterns of Biophilic Design (2014), and there is increasing applied exploration and acceptance of the hypothesis in Australian planning and design applications. This paper identifies examples of biophilic design patterns in Australian urban design and selected international case studies. The paper considers the position and adoption of biophilic urban design in Australia, identifies biophilic patterns and principles found in extant and proposed examples of Australian urban design, with reference to relevant international case studies, and explores the relevance of those patterns and principles to the development of smart cities. There has been little attempt, as yet, to examine the relationship of biophilia to the design and operation of smart cities. This paper explores that relationship, based on a synthesis of Terrapin’s 14 Patterns (2014), Beatley’s (2010) definition of biophilic cities, and the authors’ propositions for

biophilic design parameters in their recent research engagements. The presentation concludes with suggestions for incorporating biophilia in the urban design of smart cities in Australia.

Ms Irene Duckett Director Ireneinc Planning and Urban Design MONA - Taming the wild child MONA has hit Tasmania like a cultural storm. Academics are now studying the “MONA Effect”, which is seeing ripples of creativity and innovation arising from the cultural stimulus which MONA has provided. But what does this mean in planning terms? How does a regulatory document nurture the unexpected and the innovative? This paper will explore the opportunities and constraints offered by planning regulation to foster and facilitate innovation and creativity.

Mr Jim Gall Director/adjunct professor gall architects/ QUT Co-authors: Ms Nora Kinnunen, Lecturer/ PhD candidate, Queensland University of Technology School of Design The smart Smart City: The Design City Its not that long ago when the dominant view was: what makes a city smart is technology. This view still dominates at many levels. There has been a shift in gaze towards the importance of Creativity. A smart city makes use of a wide array of social and cultural activities, of which technology and creativity are just two. If the smartness of a city is aimed at economic success and the quality of its inhabitants’ lives, two things must be (re) considered: the constituents of a smart economy and the process by which inhabitants engage in understanding their city and imagining its future. This, leads to a reconsideration of the City. The City's economy and its future must be reconsidered in the context of our current unsustainability (climate change, resource depletion, reduction in biodiversity, et. al.) and the potential for “unsettlement” caused, largely, by climate change. Our suggestion is that Economy must broaden to revalue localised needs and desires (making, food, water, resources, education) based on a metabolic model, and Citizens must become future-makers through social/political design thinking and action. In this, Design is not the process that decides on and fixes a vision and future form of City, but one that is adaptive through generating responsive change: Design as humans have always used it to make their place in the world. An Economy of local exchange (which does not preclude a peripatetic population or global communications and exchange) is founded in the often overlooked, obvious things -soil, water, land-form, materials, resources –as well as reconnection to basic environmental knowledge and skills. These simple proposals have considerable implications for the physical, social, cultural and experiential make-up of the City.

Dr Kathi Holt-damant Director Nerø Holt Co-authors: Ms Mariae Leckie, CEO, RDA Logan and Redlands Future Blue – Designing Smart Cities Aim This paper raises some considerations around ‘smart cities’ of the future: Do ‘smart cities’ cater for aging populations? Do they support people with chronic illnesses? Can the investment in health services and infrastructure be better utilised? Contents This new project emerged out of a recent AURIN demonstrator project for Lens 10 Innovative Urban Design in Logan SEQ establishing a partnership between the Regional Development Australia [Logan and Redlands], several NGOs and a group of University researchers. This paper will discuss a current project analysing transportation data from four NGOs who support the wider community in delivering vital services to the elderly and disabled population of Logan and Townsville. These essential services include ‘meals-on wheels’ to the elderly; and transportation for the disabled community to and from schools, hospitals and medical clinics. The NGOs have their own fleet of assets that are booked according to their client and needs base. The vehicles are highly used at certain times of the day or night; but equally at other times they can be underutilised. The same services can also be duplicated without communication between the different companies. Our study is analysing how transportation, as a key service to keeping ageing and disabled people in their homes, may be unlocked to provide a greater service to more people. Conclusions Early findings suggest that cities should be designing ‘blue corridors’ to support the health of communities. These ‘blue corridors’ might maximise the assets and money already available by developing innovative economies and partnerships that will drive smart cities into the future.

Mr Bradley Jones Traffic engineer O2UDP Group Smart City Street Forms and Networks Urban design guidelines of the 1990s, such as “Queensland Streets: Design Guidelines for Subdivisional Streetworks” (1995), advocated the use of hierarchical street networks within residential neighbourhoods with no domestic access to streets carrying more than 3,000 vehicles per day. Over the past 10 years or so this hierarchical approach to street network design has been challenged with developers and regulators adopting more flexible approaches to residential uses fronting roads and lot access via rear laneways. This is reflected in guidelines published since the start of the 21st century including “Liveable Neighbourhoods” (2004) and “Complete Streets: Guidelines for Urban Street Design” (2010). An investigation has been completed of a range of street forms and networks to assess their performance against a range of sustainability and liveability criteria to determine whether or not they have a place in Australia’s smart cities.

Residential street forms were assessed in terms of the residential density which they support and the level of service which they provide for pedestrians, cyclists, public transport and private cars. Street safety was also assessed using a risk management approach. Traffic volume and residential density are related to likelihood, and operating speed and level of service are related to consequences. From this assessment, a pallet of residential street forms was identified for use in Australian smart cities. A number of neighbourhood street networks were developed to provide examples of how the pallet of residential street forms can be utilised in practise. To assist in selecting an appropriate street network for use in a particular context, each of the neighbourhood street networks was assessed against the criteria of travel time, connectivity for pedestrians, cyclists and motor vehicles, and public transport access.

Dr Maria Kornakova Research fellow University of Melbourne Co-authors: Dr Alan March, Director of the Bachelor of Design, University of Melbourne The role of defendable space as a key urban design tool for bushfire risk management. Changes in climatic conditions around the world associated with anthropogenic climate change have result in the increased numbers of extreme weather events. Rapid population growth, migration, urban sprawl and “tree change”, is often combined with peoples’ desire to live near beneficial natural assets such as water bodies, elevated slopes or forests. Accordingly, these weather events are increasingly leading to disasters that cause significant damage to human settlements, injury or loss of life. This is particularly evident in the Australian context, where the increased frequency of extreme weather has lead to greater numbers of bushfires. Given that fire will continue to integral to Australia’s natural landscape, there is an ongoing need to develop tools for managing the risks associated with bushfires. This paper argues that urban design can play a more active role in managing bushfire risks. Urban design important tools to significantly reduce the likelihood of disastrous bushfire events and to minimise the negative impacts they have on human settlements. In particular, this paper discusses the role of defendable space as a key bushfire mitigation technique. Discussion of the individual elements of defendable space is set out as a basis for urban design that are fundamental to bushfire risk reduction. These elements include the role of vegetation, water access, retention walls, treatment of earthworks, and distances between buildings and other elements. While this paper focuses on the physical aspects of defendable space, it also acknowledges the role of human behaviour. Finally, drawing on existing observations and case studies of the post-Christmas 2015 bushfire assessment of two townships in Victoria – Wye River and Separation Creek, this paper suggests potential design approaches. The findings of this paper can be applied to relevant national standards and can be transferred to other Australian states using terminology established at start of this paper.

Mr Dean Landy Partner ClarkeHopkinsClarke TRIBUS: A revolutionary approach for creating vibrant communities As architects and urban designers we are focused on creating vibrant communities through more than just the places and built environments that we help create. As cities continue to grow, new ideas around the way a community can evolve in smart cities are starting to disrupt current, more traditional approaches. Through 2 years of research we have considered how, as industry leaders, we can meet this challenge in 21st century cities. Creating Vibrant Communities is a publication and workshop series aimed at providing a fresh

approach to delivering healthy, sustainable and liveable communities through a shared value approach to development. Recognising the need to transform research into practice, Creating Vibrant Communities launched TIRBUS, a digital platform, a process and a network that empowers people and builds stronger communities. It encourages and enables community led development and provides a new way for councils and companies to connect with local communities. It is also a world leading social enterprise model that is designed to help grow stronger communities by ‘giving back’. It does this at a local community level by: · Connecting and providing a voice to the many social groups that make up a strong community. · Empowers individuals and organisations to initiate new ideas and help see those projects come to life. · Provides a central portal to seek community grants, crowd funding and build support for local initiatives through community voting/petitioning. · Provides a place for people to comment on issues and initiatives proposed by local council and businesses that will affect their community. · Offering grants to support grass roots initiatives in the areas of arts, sport, education and community focused groups. This presentation will explain how TIRBUS would be the first digital platform to bring together the differing needs of communities, councils and commerce with the aim of building stronger communities using information and communication technology to deliver places where people love to live and are proud to call home.

Mr Todd Layt Director Ozbreed Pty Ltd Practical guide to increasing green space in urban environments. With the success and interest in 202020 Vision, Parkes and Leisure, the Rockerfella foundation, in motivating urban design planners to increase greenspace, there is a real need for practical ways to facilitate growth in green space. Is technology of how to grow plants and turf where they currently do not grow keeping up with the motivation to increase green space? The answer is no. Firstly the literature review outlines technologies to increase green space that have stood the test of time. Secondly new innovative products and green life that can practically increase green space are examined, concentrating on technology that has just been released or are about to be released. Some of the new technology includes growing turf and ground cover plants in high wear situations, or heavy shade for situations such as coutyards, paths, driveways, light rail corridors, roof tops, etc. There is a growing trend to use new technology in green walls and roof top gardens to increase urban green space. Other new technology enhancing green space include fields such as green life in Bio retention swales, narrow plants for narrow spaces, plants and turf for playgrounds that meet soft fall standards, plastic mesh reinforced turf for high wear areas and erosion control, street tree technology, and plants to cover retaining walls and gabions. Finally, gaps in technology will be discussed, and outlined, so innovative technology can be developed in the future by industry.

Mr Paul Leadbeter Senior lecturer & legal consultant Adelaide Law School & Hilditch Lawyers Don’t ignore the Community,how should the community be engaged in the urban design process? Community engagement in the urban policy setting and design process can be limited and tokenistic. Communities have traditionally had a more vibrant and vocal involvement at the development assessment stage which can create frustrations, disappointments and delays for both developer and community. The South Australian government’s new Planning, Development and Infrastructure Act, 2016 proposes a Community Engagement Charter which seeks to foster and encourage constructive community debate around policy and design at the policy setting stage and less community input at the development assessment stage. The rationale for such an approach is that if the community focuses on the planning and design principles for an area and are happy with those, they will not be needing to have input and comment at the assessment stage on development that is consistent with those principles. This will reduce delays and appeals against planning authority decisions and provide greater overall certainty about development within an area. Is this concept denying the fact that it is the basic nature of the bulk of urban dwellers to not engage with issues to do with planning and urban design until development is proposed on their doorstep? In theory the idea has considerable merit but will it work? This paper explores the concept of Community Engagement Charters and whether they are, in reality , a not so covert means of minimising the active role the community may play in the planning and development assessment process. If so, what might be the advantages and disadvantages of such an approach from an urban design and rejuvenation perspective?

Dr Paola Leardini Senior lecturer The University of Queensland Co-authors: Dr Kaan Ozgun, Postdoc Fellow, The University of Queensland Mr Samuel Bowstead, Research assistant, The University of Queensland Dwelling at waters edge: an investigation into multi-residential development and flood resilience in Brisbane, Australia The 2011 floods in Queensland were hailed as “Australia’s most expensive natural disaster” where over $1 billion of damage occurred in Brisbane - the country’s most flood prone capital city. The past decade has seen a development boom, particularly within prime riverfront real estate. Preliminary research has found at least 15,000 apartments are approved or under construction in flood risk areas, driving Brisbane’s contemporary urban design tension between economic forces and its ecological disposition. This paper provides an overview of such tensions focusing on inner city multi-residential development straddling the Brisbane River. It builds on previous research documenting the architectural, environmental and economic impacts of flood planning policy on low-density residential development in suburban Brisbane, which demonstrated a direct correlation between planning controls, the ensuing built outcome and importantly, their consequences on the affordability and amenity of housing in flood-prone areas. The paper draws similar connections for high-density development, with the aim of developing an understanding of how planning policies relating to flood-risk manifest along the riverfront and the strategies used by designers to respond to the planning, environmental and economic limitations of the area. The study uses local case studies and interviews with stakeholders to understand the key limitations in Brisbane’s current 2014 City Plan. In addition, international case studies, namely from best-practice urban scale projects in New York and Hamburg, form a basis for comparison from both a design and policy perspective.

Key findings demonstrate the need for a more holistic approach to flood risk management, combining planning codes that permit a flexible use of flood prone land, and design strategies to mitigate the subsequent effects of allowing development in high-risk areas. Importantly, international examples demonstrate Brisbane City’s currently inability to keep pace with rapid riverfront development, resulting in significant missed opportunities to engage with the river due to planning limitations, as well as negative consequences on affordability and amenity of multi-residential developments, which fail to deliver liveable urban spaces.

Mr Anthony Mcewan Manager major projects City of Albany Anzac Albany: storytelling and urban evolution in regional Western Australia Bordering the mighty Southern Ocean, Albany was established two hundred years ago – ‘yesterday’, in Aboriginal and geologic terms – as the first European settlement on the western side of the continent. Soldiers, convicts, sealers and whalers were its first non-Indigenous inhabitants, but Albany’s distinctive shape and story had already started a long time before, with an epic fight between two Wargyls who lived on the islands at the mouth of Mamang Koort (the King George Sound). The conflict created many of the area’s dramatic coastal features, the backdrop for many historic departures and arrivals, not least the first and second convoys of the Australian and New Zealand forces, heading towards the notorious battlegrounds of WWI. Atop the granite mounts and poignantly surveying the scene of this historic departure, the National Anzac Centre tells this story in moving firsthand tribute and the latest interactive technology. Anzac Albany is a commemorative story of national significance to Australia, and by the strength of its vision, partnerships and local engagement, underpinned by innovation in planning, design and project integration, continues to breathe new life into Albany’s urban activity centres, historic precincts, and maturing cultural and regional economies. The presentation explores a number of emerging themes by example, including advancing regional capacity through the care, conservation, interpretation and repurposing of significant cultural heritage, through enduring government and private sector partnerships, and the strategic leveraging of corporate investment, the significant roles played by enhanced civic pride, appropriate investment in economic and cultural development opportunities, and meaningful local engagement; and fundamental to the creation of lasting outcomes, the power of creative, responsive planning and design, and high quality built, flexible infrastructure, to integrate these opportunities. SUMMARY Albany is the historic birthplace of the Anzac story. Atop the dramatic granite mounts overlooking the mighty Southern Ocean, the National Anzac Centre tells this story in moving firsthand tribute to those departing for the notorious battlegrounds of WWI. Anzac Albany is a commemorative story of national significance to Australia, and through the strength of its vision, depth of strategic partnerships, understanding of comparative advantages, and underlying innovation in planning, integration and design, continues to breathe new life into Albany’s urban activity centres, historic precincts, and maturing cultural and regional economies

Mr Steven Mckellar Sustainable design architect City of Port Phillip Co-authors: Mr Euan Williamson, Sustainable Design Officer, City of Yarra The IMAP Factsheet partnership - a sustainable development success story The Inner Melbourne Action Plan (IMAP) is a collaborative partnership between the Cities of Melbourne, Port Phillip, Stonnington, Yarra and Maribyrnong. These inner Melbourne Councils work together to strengthen the liveability and built environment outcomes across municipal boundaries to deliver an intelligent interconnected urban realm. A project that typifies this approach is the Sustainable Design in the Planning Process (SDAPP) fact sheet suite. The SDAPP framework contains 10 key sustainable building categories which provide detailed advice on sustainable building design at the planning permit application stage. The smartest way to integrate sustainability into development is to ensure that it is scoped and implemented during the preliminary phases of building design. The fact sheets support this ethos by providing detailed advice at the design stage which can be considered and integrated into submissions for town planning or development approvals processes. The fact sheets are formatted in an attractive and accessible format, include simple language, clear diagrams and images to support the technical content provided within. With 32 metropolitan local government areas within Melbourne, consistency in the approach to planning is critical for our development industry. The SDAPP framework and fact sheet suite have recognised this and have been designed to be consistent for each council to adopt and implement. A total of 21 Councils will have adopted the fact sheet suite and SDAPP framework by the end of 2016. A licensing agreement protects the content of the fact sheets, ensures consistency of best practice standards whilst supporting customisation of branding for each local council. The consistent best practice standards have now branched out beyond an educational fact sheet suite and now underpin both the BESS (Built Environment Sustainability Scorecard) web-based ESD assessment tool, and the ESD Local Policies in the planning schemes of 6 Melbourne councils.

Mr Hugh Nicholson Principal advisor urban design Christchurch City Council Lessons from Christchurch: Urban changes as a result of the 2010 and 2011 earthquakes How will the urban structure of Christchurch change as a result of the earthquakes in 2010 and 2011? This presentation will explore a series of significant changes to the urban morphology of Christchurch as a result of the earthquakes, and in particular will focus on the urban design innovations in response to these changes. Key issues include - strategic retreat from parts of the city vulnerable to ongoing flooding and land damage rebuilding a new central business district creating a new medium density residential district in the central city reshaping Christchurch’s community infrastructure to meet the needs of a changing society balancing government intervention with community-led activism The lessons learned in the post-earthquake reconstruction phase in Christchurch have the potential to influence urban design and resilience planning in New Zealand and internationally.

Mr Colin O'Byrne Lecturer School of Surveying, University of Otago How did that get built? Employing urban governance frameworks to understand urban design and development projects Studies of how the built environment has been shaped by urban design and development processes have generally employed analytical frameworks that are fairly specific in their focus. Examples include studies of power relationships, decision making roles, design regulations, and forms of stakeholder engagement. While these frameworks have been useful for identifying how the built form is influenced by different aspects of the design and development processes, few of them have provided a comprehensive understanding of how all the different factors work together to shape the built form. This presentation summarises these different frameworks and compares them with those used in the field of urban governance studies. The use of governance frameworks have not been widely applied to the study of urban design process and outcome relationships; however, they can serve as a set of structured and well-grounded tools to investigate how the built environment has been intentionally and unintentionally shaped. In addition to helping understand why places look the way they do, they can be used for envisioning future design and development processes.

Mr Stephen Pearse Managing principal sydney dwp|suters-Sydney The Activity Based City Aim Illustrate a new concept for layered and dynamic functional arrangement for a smart city. Contents A smart city needs to be designed as an Activity Based City (ABC). Workplace design innovations such as Activity Based Work (ABW) can inform how we think of our networked and dynamic city. We need to design for change and connectivity. Not legislate for same. ABW is a method of thinking about your business. It focuses on how to develop the interactions and work styles to best serve your specific business objectives. It dissects and analyses the way people work, developing connections, places and technologies to create the ideal work opportunities. It seeks to allow connectivity through empowerment not hierarchy. This workplace shift has grown out of the new technologies and the education of the workforce which has also created a new ideal of work. Variety and agility to create communicate and develop business is key to understanding the dynamic city and the need for the activity based city. Combined with the competition for land in our sought after cities in a connected and competitive world means our traditional institutions are also changing to adapt. Illustrated by recent examples from within our architectural practice identifying the changing patterns of traditional models through fragmentation and collocation. Multi level schools concept design- developing education precincts within the city which integrate, retail, community, sport, dining and curriculum with core and noncore timetabling Vertical aged care, community recreation, retail and schooling Shop front health and the changing nature of the hospital Workplace everywhere, the sports centre, restaurant, hotel lobby, café, mall and on the street.

Conclusions We need ownership and financial models to allow stratum rather than lot developments of increasing complexity. We need to design for flexibility. Architecture and planning as frameworks that allow variation, adaption and disruption.

Ms Np giri putri Setyawathi Student University of South Australia An investigation into the role of landscape for the health of the elderly Australia population growth is ageing. Elderly people in our ageing society are a highly heterogeneous group, with some individuals remain active, while others become frail earlier. Undoubtedly, ageing society presents great challenge for maintaining and promoting the health of older age group. Many people believe that a healthier lifestyle can be achieved by residing and working outside urban areas. The lifestyle and the natural landscape are seen as key factors influencing the population growth in outer-urban areas. Some studies have found the strong relationship between preference of landscape and people’s healthy behaviour. Unfortunately, little attention has been paid to analyse the relationship between landscape, people’s opinion and people’s health in the outer-urban area. Therefore, this study is aimed to provide an understanding of the way older people's opinion of landscape affects their health. Specifically, for the elderly, frequency of participation in leisure and productive activities is associated with improved health. In this study, preferences of landscape (i.e. natural and man-made landscape), were examined, coupled with the way it affects their choice of healthy related activities (i.e. leisure and productive) in the outer-urban area. Such an understanding may help decision makers in planning the area that is correctly targeted to support healthy activities for older people health. Townships of Yankalilla, Normanville and Carrickalinga in South Australia were chosen as the case study. A questionnaire survey was utilised as the method to gather data. People’s opinion on four landscape types such as public reserves, natural settings, community facilities and business facilities were gathered. It was found that participants held subtler preference towards natural landscape. This study also found, in terms of healthy related activities, elder older adults were more likely to be involved in productive activities rather than leisure activities.

Ms Kayalvizhi Sundarraj chandrasekar Phd Candidate Bond University A Comparative analysis of smart city initiatives by China and India – Lessons for India Seamless information access enabled by mobile technology in addition to real-time sensing is beginning to change the way citizens inhabit their cities. Around the globe, there is increasing evidence of smart city experiments and implementation being carried out either through leadership at a city level or at a national level. The analysis of real-time functioning of the cities using sensing techniques and data analytics, is seen by city administrators as an effective strategy to achieve seamless flow within a city. India’s Smart Cities Mission is a step towards future proofing its cities, an initiative that requires careful analysis of existing Smart City practices by other countries. One of India’s frequent reference points is its neighbour China, which has consistently seen far higher levels of urbanisation and had initiated smart cities pilot projects much ahead of India. China’s standardization attempts to have a ‘One city one policy’ for all of its 300 smart cities is a commendable approach. The National Smart City Joint Lab’s continued work on smart cities standardisation with guidebook for city leaders and a people-centric urbanisation approach are positive

values for India to adapt. The study intends to analyse China’s initiatives and understand the roadblocks faced by China that could give a valuable insight to the local bodies, urban planners and designers in India.

Mrs Shilpi Tewari Phd Student Deakin University A measure of Livability in multicultural suburbs of Melbourne The literature on liveability largely consists of empirical studies which measure and compare liveability of cities and countries on different bases. A number of major liveability studies have been conducted which may be summarised as ‘quality of life surveys’, ‘cost of living surveys’ and ‘other specific surveys’. However there is no established theoretical framework or uniform definition of liveability. Each of these studies uses different set of liveability indicators. One such survey which was conducted to measure the liveability of suburbs of Melbourne was the Deloitte Tract study which has ranked Melbourne’s young postcode of Point Cook at 309 and Craigieburn at 317 out of 321 suburbs on their liveability index measurement scale. Lack of Infrastructure, bad telecommunication services, lack of proximity to schools & train stations and crime were some of the key reasons which were found to be responsible for Point Cook and Craigieburn’s low score on the liveability scale. On the contrary, a survey conducted for the residents of Point Cook and Craigieburn revealed an overwhelmingly positive response of residents towards their neighbourhoods, communities and suburbs. These communities are seen by their own residents to be friendly, cooperative, helpful, harmonious and peaceful. With a focus on the results of this survey which investigates the living experiences of residents of Point Cook and Craigieburn as a part of a larger PhD study, this paper challenges some of the pre-defined indicators and categories for measuring liveability. In the light of some of the responses from the residents and their high level of satisfaction in living in these suburbs, it raises questions on how should liveability be measured in these suburbs and whether a qualitative evaluation and assessment of the living experiences by the members of the community needs to be incorporated in this process.

Dr Neil Thompson Design integration manager Ashburner Francis Consulting Engineers Smart and Affordable Cities through Utilities and Transport Innovation Both small and large urban developments alike are similarly exposed to financial and strategic risk through capital and operating cost escalation together with the social and environmental harm that results from the prevailing design & construct (D&C) procurement model for the built environment and associated utilities and transport infrastructure. Examples of this risk can be quantified via use of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) protocol that monetizes not only financial risk but also strategic risk via detailing the cost of associated social problems such as “sick” buildings and road fatalities together with environmental problems including water table pollution and petrochemical smog. The dominant D&C model has exacerbated the adverse and antagonistic relationships that plague all participants in the urban planning and design industry today resulting in increasing contractor bankruptcies whilst at the same time it has exposed the developers and end-users of urban developments and associated infrastructure to increasing levels of economic, social and environmental risk. In response to these issues, the Queensland University of Technology (QUT) partnered with major property industry associations, urban planners, technology manufacturers, consulting engineers and government to undertake research and testing of new urban design protocols that reduce not only financial risk but also strategic risk in terms of social and environmental outcomes from urban development and associated utilities and transport infrastructure. This presentation provides delegates with an easy to use integrated urban design protocol incorporating current best practice elements in utilities and transport

innovation as illustrated via a number of local and international best practice case studies on “restorative” urban development projects that have delivered smart and affordable cities.

Mr Giles Thomson Researcher Curtin University Material Flows, Information Flows and Sustainable Urbanism Urban metabolism is a holistic way to understand the physical sustainability of cities. A genuinely smart urbanism is sustainable when it links development decisions to ecological impact. Urban metabolism can be used as a tool to monitor material flows and optimise metabolic footprint (resource inputs and waste outputs)to reduce ecological impact, whilst improving livability. Like organisms, different cities have different metabolisms. Analysis shows that different parts of a city (walking, transit and automobile urban fabrics) also have different urban metabolisms. A detailed case study from the city of Perth, Australia, is used to demonstrate metabolic variations in different parts of the city. Understanding urban metabolism and the processes that drive it is the key to transitioning from ecologically extractive to sustainable cities. Through targeted improvements it is even possible for some elements of the city to become regenerative in that they restore degraded urban environments and begin to regenerate the biosphere. A smart city, therefore, is one that measures its urban metabolism to inform sustainable urban design decisions.

Mr Anthony Venturni Managing Director- Buildings and Urban Development Arcadis Co-authors: Mr Stephen Taylor, City Executive Sydney, Arcadis Unlocking the full potential of your city's transit-hubs Our Mobile Future: Delivering City Value & Prosperity Through Mobility Orientated Developments (MODe) MODe allows us to have a much better vision of what our cities can be, and how we can unlock the potential of transit-hubs to improve lives. MODe addresses trends and makes connections. MODe is the next generation of TOD (transit oriented development). TOD was created in the USA long ago to: Induce ridership Getting people out of their cars Increase walking/biking Add convenience Increase density Creating a choice in transportation. MODe is for everywhere else in the world: Sustain ridership Discouraging driving Make walking/biking safe Conveniently connecting ALL modes Making density more livable Creating multiple choices in how we connect our lives. More than half of the world’s population now live in urban areas. By 2050, 70% of us will live in cities. Cities must provide healthy, vibrant and sustainable places to live, work and play, and more essentially options to move around safely.

Transit-hubs are no longer simply places where travellers arrive or depart, increasingly they are destinations in themselves. As a result they can positively impact the surrounding area both economically and socially. Using a unique, new approach Arcadis has benchmarked the performance of a selection of the world’s leading transportation-related developments in our latest report. Our findings show that New York’s Grand Central Station development ranks highest overall, scoring in the top five in all categories and topping the rankings for transit hub connectivity and economic development. All of this contributes to its high score and the result is that it is one of the most high performing transit hubs in the world. The index originates from Arcadis and CallisonRTKL’s original approach to transit-related developments known as Mobility Oriented Developments (MODe).

Mr Chris Williamson Founding partner WestonWilliamson+Partners Transport Oriented Development (TOD) - Toward a Green City New High Speed Rail connections proposed in the UK, Singapore, the Middle East, USA and elsewhere, present a huge opportunity to re-think how cities work and look. We have taken this opportunity to re-imagine how a new settlement of 1 million people could be designed around a new high speed transport hub. It could be Crewe, southern Malaysia, or northern California. Our proposal eliminates the private car entirely within the 2.5km diameter centre. Developments such as Canary Wharf show how important it is to synchronise the provision of public transport with the rate of development. At times commuting becomes unbearable. We aim to create civilised cities. Few principles include community shops and facilities within a walkable 300m radius of every home, windmills to produce 40% of electricity and carbon neutral development, high speed rail linking communities and opportunities, guided/driverless shared transport with a maximum 5 minute wait, improve the living environment for local communities and contribute to climate change targets. Chris Williamson explains: "The increasing population in cities has been creating new demands on urban infrastructure. We need a fresh approach to the design of our cities making them more humane. Through TOD, we at Weston Williamson, are establishing a new vision for city-living based on original research and our in-depth experience working on some of the greatest infrastructure projects internationally." We propose a green city, a true garden city focused around a high speed station. No CO2 emitting vehicles in the 2.5km diameter centre. A place to walk, to cycle, to take safe, efficient, reliable shared transport. The visualisations start to show how a car free sustainable city would look in a future where automated vehicles form an important part of the transport strategy, robots and drones are an important part of delivery, maintenance and creating a civilised society.

Mr Hadi Zamanifard Phd Researcher Cities Research Centre, Griffith University Why some places do better than others: A closer look at urban public space design and management in 21st century Australian capital cities are regionally and globally in competition for investment, talent, tourists, events and the like. Studies have shown that quality urban public spaces play an important role in this regard. They not only provide the arena for showcasing cities offerings, but also benefit locals in different aspects of well-being including health, economic prosperity, and sociability. Public spaces are also the core of urban design interventions and as contested spaces, particularly in the third millennium, encapsulate complexity of urban life. Studies have shed light on the interpretations on good public spaces; however, there is little understanding of the attributes of good ‘management’ of public spaces. Drawing on data collected from two neighbouring but very different networks of public spaces in Brisbane, South Bank Parklands and Queen St Mall, this paper explores characteristics of successful public space management. Interviews with managers, authorities, and stakeholders as well as document analysis methods, including both printed and electronic resources, have been employed to inform the research. Findings reveal significance of integrated approach to delivery and management of spaces, particularly in places with multiple stakes. The study also discloses that good management is highly engaged with collective activities that seek serve concerns of the many not the few and that consider multiple stakeholders’ wants, needs and interests in the place regarding the future as well as the present. Findings from these two case studies also resonate with the need for a viable urban design and planning which is aligned with public’s aspiration for the place. The research also suggests that dynamic flexible place governance needs to be in place in order to respond to changing conditions of the market and users alike.

Mr Mark Barrie Sustainability Project Engineer Wood & Grieve Engineers Co-authors: Mr Kane Ravenscroft, Director, Optimal group Retro-fitting Off-Grid generation: De-stressing the electrical infrastructure? As the metropolitan areas of Australia’s key cities continue with their population growth aspirations, the existing utility infrastructure is expected to buckle under the increased peak demand. Australia currently has the highest urbanisation in the developing world with just under 90% of the country’s population living within and communing to work within metropolitan city centres. This trend is expected to continue as the country’s population expands resulting in greater scrutiny of energy demand and consumption within the built environment. Within the built environment non-residential buildings currently represent over 10% of Australia’s total greenhouse gas emissions. This is expected to rise to 25% by 2020, well within the life-span of the existing building stock currently administered by councils. With electricity responsible for 89% of commercial buildings’ greenhouse gas emissions and the electrical infrastructure most susceptible to failure during peak demand periods there is an opportunity for building owner/occupiers, FM managers and building designers to mitigate these effects by retro-fitting off-grid generation strategies and employing peak load shedding techniques.

Finally, the paper closes with a number of integrated philosophies scaled in terms of involvement, capital cost and client benefit, extrapolated to demonstrate the potential infrastructure influence/displacement for population growth available by taking a proactive but relevant building upgrade approach.

Dr Sumita Ghosh Course Director, Master of Planning University of Technology Sydney Exploring urban design quality of movement networks in two master-planned peri-urban case studies Peri-urban areas are important strategic areas of a smart city characterised by transforming built environments from rural to urban land uses. Urban design could provide useful techniques for master planning developments for communities in these areas in transition. ‘New Urbanism’ practices and ‘Agrarian Urbanism’ model together could provide meaningful urban design and planning solutions to create liveable environments for communities and to protect agricultural land and natural areas in these lower density settings. Movement networks are vital in connecting different land use activities and in creating a better urban design quality in these developments. This paper reviews theoretical foundations developed by a renowned school of thought in the USA over time on transport (such as smart growth) and urban design model (such as agrarian urbanism) to understand applications of these practices in master planning of movement networks in peri-urban developments of a city. A detailed analysis of two practical best-practice case studies: Serenbe and Prairie Crossing in the USA, is conducted using Geographic Information System (GIS) to assess the applicability of outcomes of review; how movement networks provide access to different land use activities and incorporate urban design elements along the routes of various modes of travel within the developments. This paper also explores residential neighbourhood forms and visual and experiential qualities offered by the movement networks. Research outcomes indicate that elements of context-specific network designs and targeted urban design strategies are essential for successful master planning and improved urban design quality of developments at the rural–urban interface.

Mr Murray Brassington Partner Baldasso Cortese Architects Co-authors: Peter Korkolis, Senior Design Architect, Baldasso Cortese An Urban Design template for community-focused residential development. With the demise of manufacturing industry in Australia, large areas of Melbourne’s industrial land belt are now redundant and under-utilised. At the same time the city is experiencing sustained population growth and needs to find a home for an extra 1 million people. High rise residential development continues in the CBD, while opportunities are restricted in dormitory suburbs as community resistance to densification continues and outmoded zoning controls persist. We demonstrate, through a practical example in inner suburban Preston, how a significant surplus industrial site is being knitted back into its suburban context through smart and innovative Urban Design. Inspired by the idea of a traditional village, the development provides a rich diversity of uses in a car free environment with its focus on establishing a “Creative Community”. The Oakover Square project provides an innovative urban response with a number of key moves designed to improve liveability. The development convenes around a central public square which is supported by internal streets, lanes and pocket parks providing a series of gathering places within this multi-generational residential village.

Small retail spaces and SoHo suites activate the ground plane while natural pedestrian routes through the public realm connect to the existing grain. Vertical layering enriches the experience of the user, with multi-level greenery providing secluded havens as well as visual features. Investment of social capital such as child care, aged care and affordable housing provide community benefits which allow floor area uplift. The additional accrued height allows an underpinning of the development with the necessary residential infrastructure. Spatially, the urban idea is to organise a collection of different buildings around a central space, connected to surrounding streets. This idea is relaxed enough to allow each of the pieces its own character and an equivalence of urban space-making between buildings and open space.

Dr Richard Hu Built environment & design University of Canberra The Making of a Global City: Financialisation, Verticalisation, and Design Policy in Central Sydney Despite its wide use in practice and scholarship, our understanding of the term ‘global city” is partial. It was originally coined to describe a group of cities constituting the main ‘command and control’ centres of the world economy. However, the process of becoming a global city involves not only economic transformations, but also transformations in other dimensions, including political, social, cultural and spatial. An economic-centric approach and a lack of dialogue with other perspectives – notably urban design – hinders an holistic understanding of contemporary global city-making. In this paper, we focus on the forces that make a global city and their spatial manifestations. We employ an analytical framework that integrates globalism and neoliberal urbanism to interrogate impacts on urban form. Our study focuses on central Sydney, the most globalised area in Australia. There are three dimensions. 1) Financialisation – central Sydney’s economic transformation to become a prime location for financial and other advanced producer services – this dimension reflects the impacts of economic forces. 2) Verticalisation – central Sydney’s urban form change with growing tall buildings – this dimension reflects a spatial transformation accommodating global economic activities and talent. 3) Design policy – local policy shifts to design central Sydney as a space with global appeal – this dimension addresses the utilisation of urban design as a neoliberal tool to shape a global city. Drawing on original empirical analyses, we link the three dimensions by exploring how powerful economic forces and local design policies have become linked and enmeshed in the remaking of central Sydney as an urban environment of quality.

Ms Jo Manion Urban design researcher Manion & Assoc Are we ready to be smart? Social and community planning approaches have been used for at least a decade to help design urban spaces that people will love. This presentation analyses the findings from some of these processes including attitudinal research and market test findings as well as the “Have your say” processes to identify underlying trends in community attitudes to design of new spaces, identifying some surprising results. These are discussed with five Australian based urban designers in a series of short interviews. These explore their views on the impact that our current approach to considering community views in the design process. They ask whether our largely conservative urban communities are ready to accept smart design, do they help or hinder innovation in design and what are the challenges in creating spaces that consider the aspirations of early adopters as well as those who prefer the familiar.

Mr Brent O'neill Director Master Planning and Urban Design ML Design Innovation and Technology: The Way Forward For Our Cities At the heart of place making is the desire to create opportunities for communities to interact, to socialise and to be human. It is to create memorable spaces that reflect our values and our cultures. That’s why the next stage in the Smart Cities evolution needs to create a link between digital technologies and the use of flexible and robust spaces. To future proof our cities we need to create urban form that embraces technology, celebrates fluidity and creates unconventional rules. We need to adapt our traditional approach to urban design. This became clear in collaborating with Moreton Bay Regional Council on their recent initiative to attract a new university and to create a new 60 ha urban village for Petrie – a first for this region. This new centre will promote learning, research, living and recreating. The design process quickly highlighted our need to consider an alternative approach when creating public places – especially when promoting the potential interactions with the new University and creating liveable spaces. The idea of using technology to create new urban living environments – breaking with the traditional planning approaches – results in a range of new and innovative design outcomes and principles for our cities. It creates a new city design philosophy and adds a new and exciting chapter to our approach to urbanity. There is no doubt that technology and its rapid advances are beginning to cast a noticeable shadow over traditional approaches to design and urban living. Being in the field for over 20 years, Brent’s fascination with understanding design as a philosophy has led him to keep finding ways to combine new technologies with innovative urban living concepts – creating unique spaces to live, work or play.

Dr Paul Downton Snr lecturer environmental design Deakin University Co-authors: Dr Paul Downton, Director, Ecopolis Architects Prof David Jones, Foundation Professor - Planning & Landscape Architecture Programs, Deakin University Mr Josh Zeunert, Lecturer, Deakin University Biophilic-Inspired Railway Stations: The New Frontier for Future Cities This paper explores the opportunities that new and existing railway stations and their associated infrastructure can provide in creating better sustainable and healthy urban environments, through the lens of Biophilic Design. Re-imagining the experience of taking the train in a stressful city environment, to the possibilities of nature-inspired commuting journeys where enriched wellbeing can be experienced by spaces (for example) that embrace living green walls with enhanced natural day-lit entrances to station buildings, forecourts embraced with water features, shrubs and trees, the authors aim to realise this vision by applying the principles of biophilic design to a case study project.

Mr Peter Nelson Centres Planning and Urban Renewal Program Leader Logan City Council Place-Based Investment and Implementation How can we deliver good place based decision making which is: transparent when applied to decision making and visioning; applies a light touch; relinquishes absolute control; is simple, cost effective and ‘nimble’; has clear roles and responsibilities; is open to market led ideas; is genuine in its engagement with the community and private sector; and promotes creativity, innovation and collaboration?

Mr Warwick Savvas Senior associate ASPECT Studios Co-authors: Mr Chris Hayton, Principal, Rothelowman Architects How to fit green space into higher density cites – a case study at Fisherman’s Bend Fisherman’s Bend needs to provide higher density, high-quality, liveable housing, without compromising amenity for residents or the wider city. However the constraints operating at Fisherman’s Bend are making the achievement of this problematic. In this presentation we will examine how, within the context of Fisherman’s Bend in Melbourne, how standard development led residential projects economic, planning and financial pressures need not be a barrier to the provision of high quality amenity which supports the development of communities in a higher density model.

Mr Manfredo Manfredini Director National Institute of Creative Arts and Industries, The University of Auckland Relational infrastructure in the differential city. Public space and civic life in Auckland metropolitan centres Urban geographies in the contemporary city are subject to a profound reconfiguration. Emerging recombinant factors counteract the increasing disjunction and fragmentation of urban places and related experiences. Central nodes of urban public life are progressively subject to commodification and hybrid privatisation. In low density cities within neoliberal political frameworks, these factors have been developing novel frameworks for social relationship, constituting networks of spaces and amenities polarised within the new integrated urban enclosures of lifestyle consumption: the latest evolution of shopping centres. These enclosures are heterotopic places mobilised by spectacle that epitomises the characters of our contemporary post-consumerist, digital era. This paper discusses findings of a research aimed to propose a new approach to social life in public space from an urbanism and human geography perspective. It will provide a description on the changing urban condition of the urban relational infrastructure in Auckland, showing evidence from a comparative study on six representative metropolitan centres located in in its conurbation. Focusing on attributes of urban form and sense of belonging, it elaborates on findings concerning structure and organisation of public space in its various forms: Private Publicly Accessible Spaces (PPASs), Publicly Owned Public Space (POPs) and conventional Public Spaces (PSs). It eventually proposes a theoretical interpretation, elaborating on the Lefebvrian notion of differential space, of the key transformation of social spatialisation practices and

performances concerning three key dimensions of the civic realm: access, inclusion and filtering; participation and appropriation; and interaction and engagement.

Mr Phillip Birtles Program lead Sydney Water Water: liveability that’s already in the city To be economically successful, cities must be healthy, happy and beautiful. Innovative urban water is key. Essential water services are generally considered to be the delivery of clean water and efficient wastewater removal. Such water infrastructure is traditionally “plugged in” to a desired urban form. However, new water services are being recognised in Australian cities that must be integrated with town planning and city design. Urban cooling, restorative landscapes and high quality recreational spaces maintain or improve liveability as cities grow in population density and as expectations of lifestyle are set at ever increasing levels. Water is essential to these outcomes. Using examples from Greater Sydney, we show how a new water paradigm must be endorsed by city planners to ensure water is considered at the heart of urban design. Three design fames to be adopted in city strategists are proposed: A clean river is a fun river. All the water we need is already in the city. Healthy communities are connected to their water.

Ms Robina Crook Associate HASSELL Universal Design Thinking Robina Crook, HASSELL Associate will demonstrate how a design guideline has galvanised the passion and enthusiasm of the Curtin community to create a smarter more inclusive place for all. In March 2015, Curtin University enrolled some 59,936 students (including 16,376 international), supported by 4,041 staff. In addition, Curtin also has events, festivals and graduations that attract thousands of visitors to the Bentley campus. This is a fabulously rich and diverse community. As you can imagine providing services and facilities for such a large number of students and staff can be complex, but dig a bit deeper and it becomes a far more interesting and diverse problem. Some 4.2 million Australians identify as having a disability, which is 18.5 % of the population (1). Therefore, of the 63,977 plus people visiting Curtin annually, some 11,800 people may have a form of disability that will impact their ability to access the campus and the services. These figures do not even address the very porous state of the temporarily able-bodied. Live long enough and you will almost certainly enter a state of disability at some point in your life (2). Combine this with 45% of Australians aged 16-85 years that experience a mental illness and a large sprawling academic campus can become a difficult place to navigate. Curtin University has adopted a smart approach that includes all its potential customers, which is simpler than you might expect. This project is about a small design guideline, in a single department that has engaged with some 65 people, numerous departments, and the University executive to inspire ownership of Curtin’s vision. Curtin University: The most accessible campus by 2030. The Curtin Universal Design Guideline project provided for a high level of participation that underpinned a deep sense of ownership. The process deliberately aligned with an aspirational vision and agreed principles. To make the guideline more approachable Curtin specific elements and design criteria have been formulated to support the Curtin character. The guideline has been embedded in a governance process that is about

integrating smart Universal Design Thinking into all stages of place making; conceptual development, built form, thresholds and place making initiatives. (1) ABS 2012 “Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers” (2) Cecilia Capuzzi Simon of the New York Times