Urban Community Air Toxics Monitoring Project, Paterson City, NJ

UCAMPPLinda J. Bonanno, Ph.D.

Division of Science Research & Technology, NJDEPlinda.bonanno@dep.state.nj.us

(609) 984-948010/19/04

Recognized that National Air Toxics Trends System (NATTS) has not been able to address local air toxics issues

due to variations in air toxics around countrynational program geared towards measuring general population exposures

SO…….EPA solicited for pilot demonstration projects that:

characterize ‘local’ air toxics in ‘Hot Spots’ track air toxics reduction activities

Which was right in line with

Commissioner Campbell’s initiative

“Protecting Communities from

Toxics”

UCAMPP Objectives:Characterize spatial resolutions and concentration gradients of local air toxicsID source signatures from various land use types, i.e., mobile, industrial, commercialEvaluate modeling results with the monitoring dataField test new sampling and analyses techniques for air toxics that are presently difficult to quantify (e.g., Cr+6, acrolein)

Characterize concerns of an Environmental Justice (EJ) CommunityProvide information and develop tools so that NJ DEP and the community can better address exposures and risks related local air toxics ID risk reduction strategiesUCAMPP will be a pilot project which will provide valuable information and a model which can be used and expanded for other communities around the state and nation.

Why Paterson???Mixed-use urban communityHigh population densityAll the characteristics of an EJ community

19% of families live at or below the poverty level compared with 6.3% for the rest of the state149,000 residents: 1/3 are white, 1/3 are black and 1/3 are some other race. 50% consider themselves Hispanic or Latino

Paterson is in Passaic County which has the 5th highest hospitalization rate for asthma in the state (NJDHSS, 2003)Paterson itself has 3x’s the state average for hospitalization rates dues to asthma (Wallace, 2003)a study found that 21% of participating 3rd graders had asthma or a related health problem (Freeman et al., 2002)28 air toxics (Leikauf, 2002) have been associated with asthma exacerbationsNATA identified 14 air toxics causing elevated cancer and noncancer risks in Passaic County

NJ DEP resources in Paterson

Fall of 2003 there was a Compliance and Enforcement InitiativePM2.5 monitoring since 1998Commissioner Campbell has committed NJ DEP resources for the Paterson Air Toxics Evaluation Pilot Project (PATEPP) UCAMPP and PATEPP will be carried out simultaneously, closely linked projects

What is PATEPP all about?Community-based pilot project which will be implemented by the BAQEv under the direction of Joann Held

based on previous work ‘Camden Waterfront South Air Toxics Pilot Project’community outreach, involvement, educationdetailed emission inventory (1 mile radius around selected UCAMPP monitoring sites)modeling of ambient levels of air toxicscalculation of risk ID risk reduction strategies

Pollutants to be measuredVOCs collected using ATEC samplers and SUMA canisters, TO-15 analysis by ERGCarbonyls collected using passive sampler-PAKS which is a tube-type C18 cartridge coated with dansylhydrazine. Samples extracted with acetonitrile, HPLC/Fluorescence method by Dr. Jim Zhang’s lab at EOHSIMetals in PM10 collected with RPG Partisol Model 2300 speciation sampler, 4 channels, low flow, range of 5 to 20 lpm, analysis either by ICPMS or X-ray fluorescence

EC/OC , PM10 analyzed by RTI using thermal/optical transmittance carbon analyzerHexavalent Chromium, PM10 cellulose filters pretreated with sodium bicarbonate. Analyzed by Dr. Buckley’s lab at EOHSI. Method includes sonification, filtration and separation by Ion Chromatography and detection with ICP-MS. Concentrations of Cr+6 will be stabilized using method 6800-Elemental and Speciated Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry

PAHs collected by Tisch modified PUF hi-volume sampler utilizing a quartz fiber filter and polyurethane foam plug backup. Analysis by Dr. Fan’s lab at EOHSI using GC/Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry & Tandem MS

Meteorology at the industrial dominated site. We may collect additional data at the mobile dominated site

Industrial source dominated site on roof of PS#10. Close to ‘Bunker Hill’ section of Paterson.

Daicolor-Pope, Inc. produces powered azo-dyes and emits Cu compoundsChase Facile-printing and laminating emits MEK and toluene (and been subject to enforcement actions)Polaris Plating emits Ni and Zn compoundsGalaxy Chemical, dye manufacturer, subject to multiple enforcement actions

Commercial dominated site176 Broadway. Site houses PM2.5 monitor. Surrounded by typical downtown sources such as dry cleaners, fast food restaurants, photo finishing, commercial boilers, salons, print shops etc.

Mobile Source Dominated SitePS#2 close to US 80, Rt. 19, County Routes 639, 673, 648, an active railyard/line, bus depot.

Background- Chester, NJ, 36 miles WSW. NJ’s designated background siteSchool sites dependant on final approval from Paterson school board.

Whose going to do all this work?Within the NJDEP

Linda J. Bonanno, Ph.D., DSRTJoann Held, Chief, BAQEvCharlie Pietarinen, Chief, BAMGail Carter, GIS specialist, DSRTLeo Korn, Statistician, DSRTAlex Polissar, Statistician, DSRTLee Lippincott, QA/QC officer, DSRT

Contract Lab

EOHSITina Fan, Ph.D., will supervise sampling and some analyses. EOHSI will subcontract with other labs (e.g., ERG and RTI) for some of the analyses

How much is this all going to cost?

EPA funded project $495,242NJ DEP donated resources: 174,502EOHSI donated resources 16,522 Possible BAM funds 50,000

GRAND TOTAL OF $736,266

ReferencesBuckley, B., Johnson, W., Rischer, E., Tu Q., Heintz, M., Measurement of Heavy Metals in Biological and Environmental Matrices Using Microwave Assisted Extraction, Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry and Ion Chromatography for Assessing Potential Risk to Human Health. J. Environ Occup Med. Vol. 20. No 5. Oct 2003.Fan Z, Peterson MR, Jayanty RKM. Development of a Test Method for Carbonyl Compounds from Stationary Source Emissions. Measurement of Toxic and Related Air, 1998.Freeman NCG, Schneider D. McGarvey P. School-based Screening for Asthma in Third-Grade Urban Children: the Passaic Asthma Reduction Effort Survey. Amer. J of Public Health. Vol. 92. No 1. 1/02.

Herrington J, Zhang J, Zhang, L. Optimizing the PAKS Method for Sampling Airborne Acrolein. Final report. Submitted to USEPA, ORD. 8/1/2003.Leikauf GD. Hazardous Air Pollutants and Asthma. Env Health Persp. Vol. 110. Supp 4. 8/2002.New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services. Asthma in New Jersey. February, 2003.U.S. Census. Census 2000.Wallace J. Personal Communication. 2003.Zhang J. Zhang L. Fan Z. Ilacqua V. Development of the Personal Aldhydes and Ketones Sampler Based upon DNSH Derivatization on Solid Sorbent. Environ Sci Tech. Vol. 34. No 12. 2000.