Upper Elementary Developmental Project

8/2/2019 Upper Elementary Developmental Project

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/upper-elementary-developmental-project 1/63

Gfhjdfw Mi~buz ^{{nq Nhnonbufqz Entnhi{onbufh [qilnmu< Pfhcnq $ Pj``jb} 6

JJ" Ej}uqjmu [qi`qfoojb` Jbdiqofujib

[qi`qfo}

M~qqjm~h~o [qi`qfo} fbe Qn}i~qmn} af}ne ib jbunqtjnp pjug Nhnonbufqz Ne~mfujib

Ejqnmuiq Eiuujn ô}unfe*

[qjofqjhz }u~enbu} m~qqnbuhz ~}n ugn af}fh unwu diq qnfejb` fbe ofug" Ugn m~qqnbu qnfejb`

unwu fei{ujib j} f afhfbmne hjunqfmz {qi`qfo fbe jbmh~en} ibhjbn fbe }idupfqn

mio{ibnbu}" Ugn m~qqnbu ofug {qi`qfo gf} }idupfqn mio{ibnbu} f} pnhh {qitjene

f}}n}}onbu}" Unfmgnq} fh}i ~ujhj|n ugn E[J ofug qn}i~qmn} {qitjene ui ugno iq ugfu mfb an

di~be ibhjbn" Ugjqe ugqi~`g djdug `qfen }u~enbu} pjhh an oitjb` uipfqe ugn Ntnqzefz

Ofug [qi`qfo ugfu enfh} oiqn pjug mibmn{u~fh ugjbcjb`( {qiahno }ihtjb` fbe gj`gnq iqenq

ugjbcjb`" Ugj} {qi`qfo j} oiqn mio{fujahn pjug ugn bnp Miooib Miqn ]ufbefqe}"

Afuuhn id ugn Aiic}

]u~enbu} jb `qfen} =/> {fqujmj{fun jb ugn Gfhjdfw Mi~buz Hjaqfqz Nhnonbufqz ]mgiih Afuuhn

id ugn Aiic} mio{nujujib" Ugj} mio{nujujib( }{ib}iqne az ugn Biqug Mfqihjbf ]mgiih

Hjaqfqz Onejf F}}imjfujib fjo} fu {qioiujb` f hitn id qnfejb` fbe dfojhjfqjuz pjug ugn an}u

hjunqfu~qn diq zi~b` {ni{hn" ]u~enbu} fu ugn nhnonbufqz }mgiih} qnfe aiic} dqio f hj}u

n}ufahj}gne az ugn Afuuhn id ugn Aiic} mioojuunn( fbe ugnb mio{nun jb f v~j|/aiph/}uzhn

ui~qbfonbu ui un}u ugnjq cbiphne`n id ugn aiic}"




OFUMG ” Onbuiqjb` Fmujtjujn} Ufjhiqne diq Mgjheqnb jb Gfhjdfw

Ugn OFUMG {qi`qfo j} f {qi`qfo ugfu {qioiun} fmfenojm fbe }imjfh fmgjntnonbu diq

}u~enbu} jb `qfen} di~q ugqi~`g nj`gu az<

[qitjejb` }~{{iqu fbe `~jefbmn dqio fb fe~hu

[qitjejb` fmfenojm }~{{iqu diq }u~enbu}

Jo{qitjb` jbunq{nq}ibfh qnhfujib}gj{} anupnnb mgjheqnb fbe ugnjq {nnq}( unfmgnq}(

iugnq fe~hu}( fbe dfojhz onoanq}

Qne~mjb` l~tnbjhn enhjbv~nbmz fbe `fb` jbtihtnonbu

Jbmqnf}jb` efjhz fuunbefbmn jb }mgiih

Enmqnf}jb` ej}mj{hjbn qndnqqfh}"

Ugn {qi`qfo qnmq~ju} tih~bunnq} ui }nqtn f} onbuiq} ui jenbujdjne }u~enbu}" [fqujmj{fujb`

}u~enbu} fqn ufq`nune jd ugnz gftn mgqibjm fa}nbunnj}o fbe f hip `qfen {ijbu ftnqf`n" Jb

ugn mf}n id nhnonbufqz }mgiih }u~enbu}( }u~enbu} pgi gftn f 00 iq anhip ftnqf`n jb fu hnf}u

upi miqn }~alnmu} fqn nhj`jahn diq ugn {qi`qfo" ]u~enbu} pjug di~q iq oiqn ej}mj{hjbn

qndnqqfh} fqn fh}i nhj`jahn diq ugn {qi`qfo"

Onbuiq} f}}j}u az n}ufahj}gjb` fb i{nb( dqjnbehz( fbe uq~}ujb` qnhfujib}gj{ pjug ugn onbunn"

Ugnz piqc pjug ugnjq onbunn ui< entnhi{ hjdn }cjhh}( jbmqnf}n fmfenojm fmgjntnonbu(

jbmqnf}n fajhjuz ui jbunqfmu fbe mioo~bjmfun3 fbe {qitjen ne~mfujibfh fbe }imjfh

{i}}jajhjujn}" Onbuiq} fbe onbunn} gftn fuunbene [UF onnujb`} ui`nugnq( nfunb h~bmg

ui`nugnq( fuunbene oitjn} fbe mibmnqb}( ìbn }gi{{jb` fbe {fqujmj{fune jb himfh {fqfen}"

Ugnqn gftn fh}i annb }ntnqfh djnhe uqj{}"



Gfhjdfw Mi~buz ^{{nq Nhnonbufqz Entnhi{onbufh [qilnmu< Pfhcnq $ Pj``jb} =

]~oonq Aqje`n [qi`qfo

F} f {fqu id ugn ]mgiih Jo{qitnonbu @qfbu fpfqene ui Nbdjnhe Ojeehn ]mgiih( f ofbefuiqz

]~oonq Aqje`n [qi`qfo pjhh an gnhe nfmg znfq diq djdug `qfenq} qj}jb` 4ug `qfenq}* ui gnh{

enmqnf}n ugn qnunbujib qfun foib` djq}u/ujon }jwug `qfenq}" Djdug `qfen }u~enbu} pjhh fuunbe

mhf}}n} 6> ” 1> feejujibfh efz} itnq ui }~oonq"

]~{{hnonbufh Ne~mfujib ]nqtjmn} ']N]*

Nhnonbufqz }mgiih }u~enbu} fu aiug Efp}ib Nhnonbufqz fbe Jbaiqenb Nhnonbufqz }mgiih}

pnqn iddnqne dqnn u~uiqjb` jb qnfejb` fbe ofug ugqi~`g ]~{{hnonbufh Ne~mfujib ]nqtjmn}"

]u~enbu} pgi qnmnjtne dqnn iq qne~mne/{qjmne h~bmg pnqn nhj`jahn" Jbunqn}une {fqnbu} id

}u~enbu} fu ugn upi }mgiih} fuunbene f {qitjenq dfjq ui hnfqb fai~u tfqji~} u~uiqjfh

{qi`qfo} fbe }nhnmu ibn id ugn {qitjenq} diq ugnjq mgjhe" Ibmn mgi}nb( }u~enbu} qnmnjtne

u~uiqjb` jb njugnq qnfejb` iq ofug diq upi efz} f pnnc fdunq }mgiih"

5/G $ Zi~ug Efz Mfo{

Mgjheqnb jb Gfhjdfw Mi~buz anupnnb ugn f`n} id 4 fbe 65 gftn ugn i{{iqu~bjuz ui

{fqujmj{fun jb pnnchib` }~oonq mfo{} ib f tfqjnuz id ui{jm}" [fqujmj{fbu} fqn biu qnv~jqne

ui gftn f 5/G onoanq}gj{ fbe ugnz mfb fuunbe f ofwjo~o id di~q }n}}jib} iddnqne e~qjb`

ugn }~oonq" Ugn mfo{} ofjbufjb f 6<7 qfujib id }ufdd ui mfo{nq}" [fqnbu} gftn ui mio{hnun

f{{hjmfujib} diq ugn mfo{} ugfu ftnqf`n %>> f pnnc" Ne~mfujibfh fmujtjujn} ofz an iddnqne

jb fbjofh }mjnbmn( diie} fbe b~uqjujib( }fdnuz( pjhehjdn( i~ueiiq qnmqnfujib( mqfdu}(

nbtjqibonbufh fpfqnbn}}( fbe iugnq} pjug ugn ìfh} id jo{qitjb` ugn mfo{nq}‚ hjdn }cjhh} jb




ugn fqnf} id }nhd mibdjenbmn( jben{nbenbmn( }nhd qnhjfbmn( fbe enmj}jib ofcjb`" Fhh mfo{}

gftn f }{nmjdjm dim~} a~u pjhh jbmh~en ofbz id i~q uqfejujibfh 5/G fmujtjujn} ugfu ofcn mfo{(

d~b( }fdn( fbe nwmjujb`" ]ion id ugn mfo{} jbmh~en< nbtjqibonbufh }mjnbmn( fqu( jBfu~qn( cje‚}

miicjb`( i~ueiiq fetnbu~qn( Mihibjfh efz}( fbe M]J"

Gfhjdfw Mi~buz Hjaqfqz ]z}uno ]~oonq Qnfejb` [qi`qfo

Diq ugn zi~ug jb Gfhjdfw( Nbdjnhe( ]miuhfbe Bnmc( Hjuuhnuib fbe Pnheib fqnf( ugn Gfhjdfw

Mi~buz Hjaqfqz ]z}uno gf} }uiqz gi~q ibn efz f pnnc jb ugn }~oonq" Jb ugn }~oonq

oibug}( ugn hjaqfqjn} fh}i gftn ugn ]~oonq Qnfejb` [qi`qfo" E~qjb` ugj} }{nmjfh {qi`qfo(

fqnf }mgiih f`n }u~enbu} fqn nbmi~qf`ne ui qnfe f} ofbz aiic} f} {i}}jahn" Jb feejujib ui

fmujtjujn} fbe mqfdu}( ejddnqnbu mioo~bjuz hnfenq} fbe {qidn}}jibfh} fqn jbtjune ui }{nfc"

Ugn ]~oonq Qnfejb` [qi`qfo j} idunb m~hojbfune pjug f {j||f {fquz iq giu ei` }imjfh"

Timfa~hfqz

F}}n}}onbu ” F onfb} diq `fugnqjb` jbdiqofujib iq efuf ugfu qntnfh} pgfu hnfqbnq}mibuqih( {fqujfhhz mibuqih iq ei biu znu mibuqih mib}j}unbuhz

Ahnbe ” Ui mioajbn }i~be} iq piqe {fqu}

A~eez ]u~ez ” F djtn/efz piqe }u~ez }z}uno diq hnfqbjb` mibtnbujibfh }{nhhjb` }uqfun`jn}({fuunqb} fbe {qjbmj{hn}"

Mgiqfh Qnfejb` ” Ui qnfe fhi~e jb ~bj}ib pjug f `qi~{"

Mibbnmujb` ]uqfun`jn} ” Pfz} id }ihtjb` piqe} ugfu ~}n mibbnmujib} iq fbfhi`jn} pjug}jojhfq cbipb piqe}" Cbipjb` ugn }g jb }gn fbe ugn piqe i~u gnh{} f }u~enbu hnfqb ugnpiqe }gi~u*

Mio{qngnb}jtn Hjunqfmz M~qqjm~h~o ” F mio{qngnb}jtn hjunqfmz oienh j} qn}nfqmg/af}ne fbe en}j`bne ui gnh{ fhh }u~enbu} hnfqb ui qnfe fbe pqjun nddnmujtnhz" Ugnqn j} fafhfbmn anupnnb qnfejb`( pqjujb`( hj}unbjb`( }{nfcjb` fbe mqjujmfh ugjbcjb`" F}}n}}onbu} fqn



Gfhjdfw Mi~buz ^{{nq Nhnonbufqz Entnhi{onbufh [qilnmu< Pfhcnq $ Pj``jb} >

`jtnb ui `~jen ugn unfmgnq'} jb}uq~mujibfh enmj}jib}" ]u~enbu} piqc fu f hntnh ugfu j} biu dq~}uqfujb` diq ugno" Jb i~q mgjhe/mnbunqne mhf}}qiio}( ofbz i{{iqu~bjujn} fqn {qitjenediq }uqfun`z/af}ne hnfqbjb`( mqjujmfh ugjbcjb` fbe qnfh hjdn qnfejb` fbe pqjujb` nw{nqjnbmn}"

Enmiejb` ” ^}jb` hnuunq)}i~be qnhfujib}gj{} ui uqfb}hfun f piqe dqio f }nqjn} id }zoaih}

ui f ~bju id onfbjb`"

Nfqhz Hjunqfmz Mibmn{u} ” Tnqz nfqhz ~benq}ufbejb`} qnhfune ui gip pqjuunb hfb`~f`n iq{qjbu j} iq`fbj|ne fbe ~}ne"

Dh~nbmz jb qnfejb` ” Qnfejb` mibujb~i~} unwu pjug ìie oionbu~o( {gqf}jb`(f{{qi{qjfun {f~}jb`( jbuibfujib fbe }uqn}}"

@~jene Qnfejb` ” Fb jb}uq~mujibfh }nuujb` ugfu nbfahn} ugn unfmgnq ui piqc pjug f }ofhh`qi~{ id }u~enbu} ui gnh{ ugno hnfqb nddnmujtn }uqfun`jn} diq {qimn}}jb` unwu pjug~benq}ufbejb`" Ugn {~q{i}n id `~jene qnfejb` j} ui onnu ugn tfqzjb` jb}uq~mujibfh bnne} id

fhh }u~enbu}( nbfahjb` ugno ui `qnfuhz nw{fbe ugnjq qnfejb` {ipnq}"

@~jene Pqjujb` ” Fb jb}uq~mujibfh }nuujb` en}j`bne ui unfmg f }{nmjdjm }cjhh iq }uqfun`z ui f}ofhh `qi~{ id }u~enbu} fbe ui `jtn mgjheqnb {qfmujmn jb pqjujb`" ]u~enbu} fqn }~{{iqune f}bnnene az f unfmgnq pgi {qitjen} jb}uq~mujib ugqi~`g ojbj/hn}}ib} fbe mibdnqnbmn}" Ugnìfh id `~jene pqjujb` j} ui oitn }u~enbu} uipfqe jben{nbenbu pqjujb`"

Gj`g Dqnv~nbmz Piqe} ” Piqe} ugfu imm~q idunb jb ugn }{icnb fbe pqjuunb hfb`~f`n"Ugnz fqn idunb mfhhne ‘}j`gu piqe}"‟ 'j"n" ugn( fbe( }fje( J*

Jbunqfmujtn Qnfe Fhi~e ” F unfmgjb` mibunwu jb pgjmg }u~enbu} fqn fmujtnhz hj}unbjb` fbe

qn}{ibejb` ui fb iqfh qnfejb` id f unwu"

Jbunqfmujtn Pqjujb` ” F unfmgjb` mibunwu jb pgjmg ugn unfmgnq fbe }u~enbu} mii{nqfujtnhz{hfb( mio{i}n( fbe pqjun f `qi~{ unwu3 aiug unfmgnq fbe }u~enbu} fmu f} }mqjan '‘}gfqjb` ugn

{nb‟*"

L~}u/Qj`gu aiic ” F gj`g/jbunqn}u aiic ugfu f }u~enbu mfb qnfe pjug :;. fmm~qfmz iq oiqnpjug ìie ~benq}ufbejb` id onfbjb`"

Hntnhne Aiic} ” F cnz mio{ibnbu jb f `~jene qnfejb` {qi`qfo" Gj`g jbunqn}u aiic} fqn`jtnb f hntnh id ejddjm~huz }i }u~enbu} mfb an ofumgne ui f l~}u/qj`gu aiic"

[gibnojm fpfqnbn}} ” Ugn fajhjuz ui gnfq jbejtje~fh }i~be} jb piqe} fbe ui jenbujdz{fqujm~hfq }i~be}"

[gibjm} ” Ugn cbiphne`n id hnuunq)}i~be qnhfujib}gj{} fbe gip ugnz fqn ~}ne jb qnfejb`fbe pqjujb`" Unfmgjb` {gibjm} qndnq} ui gnh{jb` mgjheqnb fmv~jqn ugj} aiez id cbiphne`n




fai~u ugn iqfh fbe pqjuunb hfb`~f`n }z}uno}3 feejujibfhhz( unfmgjb` {gibjm} gnh{} mgjheqnb~}n {gibjm} cbiphne`n f} f {fqu id f qnfejb` fbe pqjujb` {qimn}}"

[gibihi`jmfh fpfqnbn}} ” Ugn fpfqnbn}} id piqe}( qgzojb` piqe}( ib}nu}( fbe qjon}(}zhhfahn}( fbe jbejtje~fh }i~be}"

]uqfun`jm Fmujib ” Fbz ibn id ofbz }jo~hufbni~}( miiqejbfune ugjbcjb` fmujtjujn} ugfu ìib jb f qnfenq'} gnfe"

Piqe Pfhh / F mhf}}qiio uiih ~}ne ui ej}{hfz f mihhnmujib id piqe} ugfu f mgjhe qndnq} ui diq}~{{iqu id gj})gnq qnfejb` fbe pqjujb`" Ugn piqe pfhh jbmh~en} gj`g dqnv~nbmz piqe} fbenwno{hfq piqe} ~}ne jb fbfhi`z af}ne piqe piqc"

[fqnbu}

Ugn qihn id {fqnbu} jb Gfhjdfw Mi~buz

}mgiih} }gi~he an ui }~{{iqu ugn mgjhe‚}

fmfenojm( }imjfh( fbe noiujibfh `qipug" Ui ugj}

nwunbu( ugn ej}uqjmu gf} gjqne }ntnqfh [fqnbu

Hnfenq} pgi}n qn}{ib}jajhjuz j} ui miiqejbfun

{qi`qfo} ugfu jbmqnf}n {fqnbufh nb`f`nonbu jb

fbe i~u id }mgiih}" Ui efun( ugn [fqnbu Hnfenq} gftn mibe~mune ‘O~ddjb} diq Oio}‟(

‘Eib~u} diq Efe}‟( fbe ‘Uj{} fbe Ufmi}‟ ntnbu}" Nfmg id ugn}n gfe f {i}jujtn u~qbi~u f

hjuuhn ~benq >; {fqujmj{fbu} nfmg* fbe pf} en}j`bne ui `jtn {fqnbu} fbe mfqn`jtnq}

nbmi~qf`nonbu( }~{{iqu( fbe gnh{d~h }uqfun`jn} diq }uqfun`jmfhhz nb`f`jb` jb ugn fmfenojm

hjtn} id ugnjq zi~b`}unq}"

[fqnbu} fbe mfqn`jtnq} id ~{{nq

nhnonbufqz }u~enbu} }gi~he fh}i an pjhhjb`




ui uqfb}diqo ugno}nhtn} dqio ‘}~{{hz {fqnbu}‟ ui ‘enofbe {fqnbu}"‟ Fmmiqejb` ui Q~ez

Mqnp( f {qidn}}iq id mhjbjmfh ne~mfujib fu ugn Qi}}jnq ]mgiih id Ne~mfujib( 1;;7

]~{nqjbunbenbu id ugn Znfq id Ojfoj/Efen Mi~buz [~ahjm ]mgiih}(

‘[fqnbu} fbe mfqn`jtnq} dfhh jbui upi `nbnqfh mfunìqjn} pgnb ju mion} ui ugn qihn

ugnz nw{nmu ui {hfz jb ugnjq mgjheqnb'} }mgiih}" ]~{{hz {fqnbu} mib}jenq ugnjq qihn uian hjojune ui gfbejb` ugnjq mgjheqnb itnq―jb nddnmu( !}~{{hzjb`! ugno―ui ugn}mgiih․ugnz ei biu cbip gip ui }~{{iqu ugnjq mgjheqnb} hnfqbjb` fu gion iq gip

ui ~}n ugn }mgiih }z}uno ui `nu ugn oi}u diq ugnjq mgjheqnb Mqnp( 1;;0*" Ugnqndiqn(ugnz `nbnqfhhz fmmn{u pgfuntnq ugn }mgiih ein}"

Jb mibuqf}u( enofbe {fqnbu} fmujtnhz {fqujmj{fun jb ugnjq mgjheqnb'} ne~mfujib({qitjen jenf} fbe dnneafmc( fbe hiaaz ui an jbmh~ene jb enmj}jib ofcjb`" Ugnzqnjbdiqmn ugn }mgiih'} fbe jbejtje~fh unfmgnq}' oj}}jib} fu gion( ugnz cbip pgfu

gibiq} iq nbqjmgonbu {qi`qfo} fqn ftfjhfahn( ugnz gftn jenf} fai~u pgfu fmujib} iqqn}i~qmn} ugn }mgiih bnne} diq }~mmn}}( fbe ugnz iddnq ugnjq i{jbjib} fai~u ugnjqmgjhe'} {qi`qn}} fbe ugn }mgiih'} itnqfhh {nqdiqofbmn"‟

Ug~}( f {fqnbu ‚} fmujib} o~}u anmion mib q̀~nbu pjug gj} iq gnq enofbe}" Ugnz

o~}u ei ugnjq {fqu ui }~{{iqu ugnjq mgjheqnb jb fbe i~u id }mgiih" Jb ibn nhnonbufqz }mgiih

jb Gfhjdfw Mi~buz( ugnqn j} f pnhh/cbipb qnujqne unfmgnq fbe `qfbeoiugnq id f }ntnqfh

}u~enbu} jb ugn }mgiih pgi qn{qn}nbu} }~mg fb jenf" Jb feejujib ui }~{{iqujb` gnq `qfbe

mgjheqnb‚} fmfenojm fbe }imjfh entnhi{onbu fu gion( }gn }{nbe} ujon gnh{jb` unfmgnq}

ofcn mi{jn}( enmiqfun ugnjq qiio}( mgnmc {f{nq}( fbe miiqejbfun {qilnmu} f} qnv~n}une" ]gn

j} ~}~fhhz fu ugn }mgiih ntnqz efz fbe j} pnhh jbdiqone id fhh ugfu‚} gf{{nbjb`" ]gn

dqnv~nbuhz {qitjen} pnhmione jenf} fbe }~``n}ujib} ugfu }gn gnh{} jo{hnonbu}"

Ui jbdiqo ugj} {fqnbu fbe iugnq} id }mgiih ntnbu} fbe }u~enbu fmgjntnonbu( ugn

mi~buz ~ujhj|n} o~huj{hn onugie} id mioo~bjmfujib" ]mgiih iddjmjfh} }nbe gion

bnp}hnuunq}( dhznq}( fbe iugnq pqjuunb miqqn}{ibenbmn az }u~enbu}" Nfmg }mgiih gf} f

pna}jun ugfu gi}u} unfmgnq {f`n}( ugn }mgiih mfhnbefq( }mgiih fbbi~bmnonbu}( {fqnbu uj{}(

ugn }mgiih‚} jo{qitnonbu {hfb( on}}f`n} dqio ugn {qjbmj{fh fbe }~{nqjbunbenbu( ugn

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m~qqjm~h~o }mi{n fbe }nv~nbmn( fbe iugnq {nqujbnbu jbdiqofujib" Jb ugn ntnbu id }mgiih

mhi}jb`} fbe iugnq nonq`nbmjn}( {fqnbu} fqn biujdjne tjf ugn himfh bnp} }ufujib} fbe

ugqi~`g ugn f~uiofune mfhhjb` }z}uno( Mibbnmu/Ne" ]{nmjfh fbbi~bmnonbu} fqn fh}i {i}une

jb ugn himfh bnp}{f{nq( ugn Qifbicn Qf{je} Efjhz Gnqfhe ( fbe ugn {~ahjm/fmmn}} mgfbbnh(

pgjmg iddnq} dqnn fetnquj}jb`" Jb feejujib( ofbz }mgiih} jb Gfhjdfw Mi~buz fh}i

mioo~bjmfun pjug {fqnbu} ugqi~`g himfh mg~qmgn} fbe mioo~bjuz ntnbu}"

Fu ugn ~{{nq nhnonbufqz hntnh( ju j} gfqe ui unhh jd ugn nwj}ujb` onugie} id

mioo~bjmfujib fqn nddnmujtn" Fmmiqejb` ui ugn }mgiih mi~b}nhiq fu Jbaiqenb Nhnonbufqz(

‘pgnb {fqnbu} cbip ugfu ugnjq mgjhe pjhh an {nqdiqojb`( ugnz pjhh }gip ~{ jb hfq`n

b~oanq}" A~u pgnb pn pfbu ui `nu ugno i~u gnqn ui ufhc ui unfmgnq} fai~u ugnjq cje}‚

}mgiih piqc( ju‚} gfqe․pn eib‚u `nu f} ofbz {ni{hn ui }gip ~{"‟ Ugn [fqnbu Hnfenq id ugn

}fon }mgiih nmgine ugn}n }fon djbejb`}" Ui qnonez ugj}( ugn {qjbmj{fh id Jbaiqenb

Nhnonbufqz( Anuujn Fqmgjafhe( }mgne~hn} }{nmjfh ntnbu} ib ugn bj`gu id [UF onnujb`}" Diq

ugj} }jw/pnnc {nqjie( }u~enbu} {fqujmj{fune jb ugn ]mjnbmn Dfjq" Fu iugnq ujon}( ugn

}u~enbu}( {fqnbu}( fbe unfmgnq} {fqujmj{fune jb mibmnqu}( oitjn bj`gu}( dn}ujtfh}( fbe oiqn"

Fdunq }mgiih fbe qnhfune a~}jbn}} ofuunq} fqn ufcnb mfqn id( {fqnbu} fbe mfqn`jtnq} nbliz

pfumgjb` ugnjq }u~enbu} {nqdiqo fbe)iq }gip idd qnmnbu mhf}} piqc fbe {qilnmu}" ]mgiih

hnfenq} fu Nbdjnhe Ojeehn ]mgiih( pgjmg j} {gz}jmfhhz mibbnmune ui ugj} dnnenq }mgiih( gftn

ufcnb biujmn fbe fqn fh}i an`jbbjb` ui jbmqnf}n {fqnbufh jbtihtnonbu jb ugj} ofbbnq"



Gfhjdfw Mi~buz ^{{nq Nhnonbufqz Entnhi{onbufh [qilnmu< Pfhcnq $ Pj``jb} :

Mioo~bjuz Mibbnmujib}

Gfhjdfw Mi~buz gf} }ntnqfh mioo~bjuz iq`fbj|fujib} ugfu }~{{iqu ~{{nq nhnonbufqz

}u~enbu} fbe ugnjq dfojhjn} jbmh~ejb`( a~u biu hjojune ui ugn dihhipjb`<

BM ]ufun Mii{nqfujtn Nwunb}jib ]nqtjmn}

Zi~ug fbe 5/G [qi`qfo} fbe mfo{} {qitjene fu himfh mnbunq} znfq qi~be"

]u" [f~h Af{uj}u Mg~qmg

^benq ugn hnfenq}gj{ id [f}uiq Nhhj}( ugn onoanq} id ]u" [f~h mg~qmg {qitjen fb fdunq }mgiih

{qi`qfo fbe f }~oonq {qi`qfo diq }u~enbu} jb `qfen =/> fu Jbaiqenb Nhnonbufqz"

Mioo~bjuz Mgjhe [qiunmujtn Unfo( E]] 'En{fquonbu id ]imjfh ]nqtjmn}*( MFEF

Ugn}n iq`fbj|fujib} f}}j}u dfojhjn} pjug }nm~qjb` af}jm bnne} jbmh~ejb`( a~u biu hjojune ui

diie( mhiugjb`( }gnhunq( fbe onejmfh mfqn"

Bfujibfh [fqnbu Unfmgnq F}}imjfujib

Onoanq} id ugj} iq`fbj|fujib onnu ntnqz }jw pnnc} ui qnmnjtn ~{efun} fai~u }u~enbu

{qi`qn}} fbe ui {hfb ntnbu} ugfu {qioiun }u~enbu `qipug fbe fmgjntnonbu"

16}u Mnbu~qz

Ugj} fdunq}mgiih {qi`qfo {qitjen} u~uiqjb`( }bfmc}( fbe {gz}jmfh fmujtjuz diq }u~enbu}

ugqi~`gi~u ugn znfq"



Gfhjdfw Mi~buz ^{{nq Nhnonbufqz Entnhi{onbufh [qilnmu< Pfhcnq $ Pj``jb} 6;

]~{{hnonbufh Ne~mfujib ]nqtjmn}

Tfqji~} diq {qidju mio{fbjn}( jbmh~ejb` Fmmnhnqfune Fmgjntnonbu( FQU jb ugn 16}u Mnbu~qz(

AqfjbPiqc} Hnfqbjb` Mnbunq( fbe Aqfon Jb}uju~un id Ne~mfujib( Jbm" gjqn hjmnb}ne unfmgnq}

ui {qitjen fdunq/}mgiih u~uiqjb` ui }uq~``hjb` }u~enbu} fu bi mi}u ugqi~`gi~u ugn }mgiih

znfq"

Ugn Gfhjdfw Mi~buz Hjaqfqz

Ugn Gfhjdfw Mi~buz Hjaqfqz }z}uno }{ib}iq} }ntnqfh }{nmjfh ntnbu} e~qjb` ugn znfq

jbmh~ejb` f }~oonq qnfejb` {qi`qfo diq mgjheqnb fbe pnnchz }uiqz ujon} fu ugqnn aqfbmg

hjaqfqjn}"

]miuhfbe Bnmc Onoiqjfh Hjaqfqz

Jbunqbnu }nqtjmn}( Jbunqbnu fmmn}}( mi{z ofmgjbn( dfw( ofmgjbn( }uiqz gi~q( Lia} Miq{}

Qn{qn}nbufujtn( MFEF Qn{qn}nbufujtn}( fbe onnujb` qiio dfmjhjujn}"

]Z]UNO ID MFQN)DFOJHJN] ]^[[IQUJB@ DFOJHJN] ID

GFHJDFW MI^BUZ( BM( JBM

Ugj} iq`fbj|fujib {qitjen} fb fqqfz id mioo~bjuz }nqtjmn} fbe qn}i~qmn} diq onbufhhz(

noiujibfhhz fbe angftjiqfhhz mgfhhnb`ne mgjheqnb)feihn}mnbu}( f`n} >/67( fbe ugnjq

dfojhjn}" Diq ~{{nq nhnonbufqz }u~enbu}( ugj} iq`fbj|fujib {qitjen} {fqnbu)zi~ug }~{{iqu

`qi~{ onnujb`}( dfojhz)zi~ug eqjtnb fmujtjujn}( f} pnhh f} entnhi{ }uqib` fetimfmz }cjhh}"

Dfojhjn})Mib}~onq} qnmnjtn }nqtjmn} ugqi~`g f qndnqqfh {qimn}}"




Gfhjdfw/Pfqqnb ]ofqu ]ufqu Mgjhe Mfqn Qn}i~qmn $ Qndnqqfh jb Qifbicn Qf{je}

Ugn Mgjhe Mfqn Qn}i~qmn $ Qndnqqfh {qitjen} f}}j}ufbmn pjug djbejb` }~oonq {qi`qfo} diq

mgjheqnb" Ugn qndnqqfh iddjmn gnh{} {fqnbu} djbe v~fhjuz }~oonq {qi`qfo} jb ugn fqnf" Az

mibufmujb` ugn iddjmn {fqnbu} mfb an {qitjene pjug f hj}u id {qi`qfo} ugqi~`gi~u Pjh}ib(

Pfqqnb( Gfhjdfw( Bf}g fbe Ne`nmioan mi~bujn}" Ju fh}i unhh} {fqnbu} pfbu ui hiic diq pgnb

mgii}jb` f v~fhjuz }~oonq {qi`qfo f} pnhh f} {qitjen feejujibfh qn}i~qmn} ui onnu ugn

bnne} id ugn dfojhz" Ibn iugnq cnz mio{ibnbu j} ofcjb` mgjhe mfqn qndnqqfh} diq mgjheqnb

f`ne > ui 61 znfq} diq {fqnbu} piqcjb` djq}u( }nmibe iq ugjqe }gjdu lia}"

Pgjhn ugn}n {qi`qfo} fqn jb nwj}unbmn( ugnz fqn biu fmmn}}jahn ui ugn ofliqjuz id mgjheqnb

fbe ugnjq {fqnbu} jb Gfhjdfw Mi~buz" Uqfb}{iqufujib mibujb~n} ui an ofliq afqqjnq"

M~qqjm~hfq ]mi{n $ ]nv~nbmn

Gfhjdfw Mi~buz ]mgiih} gf} {fmjb` `~jen} diq nfmg id ugn di~q miqn }~alnmu} fu ugn ~{{nq

nhnonbufqz hntnh< Nb`hj}g)Hfb`~f`n Fqu}( Ofug( ]imjfh ]u~ejn} fbe ]mjnbmn" Ugnqn fqn di~q

{fmjb` `~jen} diq ugjqe( di~qug fbe djdug `qfen"

Nb`hj}g)Hfb`~f`n Fqu}

Ugj} {fmjb` `~jen j} aqicnb jbui }jw }jw/pnnc {nqjie}" Ugn dim~} id nfmg }jw pnnc} j}

f} dihhip}<

/ Djq}u ” Mi`bjujib

/ ]nmibe ” Mi`bjujib fbe Mqjujmfh ]ufbmn




/ Ugjqe ” Jbunq{qnufujib

/ Di~qug ” Mqjujmfh ]ufbmn fbe Jbunq{qnufujib

/ Djdug ” Jbunq{qnufujib

/ ]jwug ” Fhh Ialnmujtn} Qntjnpne

Nfmg }jw pnnc} dim~}n} ib mibmn{u} ui an uf~`gu ofumgne pjug ialnmujtn} dqio ugn Biqug

Mfqihjbf ]ufbefqe Mi~q}n id ]u~ez fhib` pjug }uqfun`jn}( {i}}jahn ugnon}( bib/bnìujfahn}

fbe }~``n}une efun}" Ugn ‘Mibmn{u ui an Uf~`gu‟ }nmujib gf} f mfunìqz aqnfceipb<

timfa~hfqz( mio{qngnb}jib( hjunqfmz( pqjujb`( `qfoofq fbe `nbqn" ]jojhfqhz( ugn ialnmujtn}

}nmujib aqnfc} eipb ugn ialnmujtn} fmmiqejb` ui ugn }fon mfunìqjn}" Jb ugn djq}u }jw pnnc}(

ugnqn j} f }nmujib ujuhne ‘Bib/Bnìujfahn"‟ Ugj} }nmujib id ugn {fmjb` `~jen ofbefun} efjhz

unfmgnq qnfe/fhi~e} fbe ntnb }~``n}u} }fo{hn }uiqjn}" Iugnq bib/bnìujfahn} jbmh~en

}u~enbu} qnfejb` diq fu hnf}u =; ojb~un} }jhnbu fbe }gfqne* fbe }ofhh `qi~{ jb}uq~mujib fu

hnf}u ugqnn u jon} f pnnc" Ugnqn fqn }~``n}une piqc}ufujib} fbe f ‘Ej}mi~qf`ne Fmujtjujn}‟

hj}u" Ugj} hj}u} ej}mi~qf`n} gftjb` }u~enbu} ei qi~be qiajb qnfejb`( mi{z endjbjujib} fbe ~}n

af}fh pna}jun} diq ejqnmu jb}uq~mujib" Jb ugn }~a}nv~nbu }jw pnnc}( ugn ‘Bib/Bnìujfahn‟

mih~ob)}nmujib anmion} ‘Jbuqie~mn)Ofjbufjb"‟

Jb feejujib ui ugn {fmjb` `~jen( ugnqn fqn iugnq gnh{d~h qn}i~qmn} {qitjene"

Unfmgnq} qnmnjtn f hjunqfu~qn hj}u diq unfmgjb` tfqji~} hfb`~f`n fqu} }cjhh}" ]cjhh} fqn hj}une f}

}~a/gnfejb`} fbe endjbne" ^benq nfmg }~a/gnfejb` j} f hj}u id }uiqjn} ugfu mfb an ~}ne ui

unfmg nfmg }cjhh" ]cjhh} jbmh~en< dj`~qfujtn hfb`~f`n nwfo{hn}( {fqu} id }{nnmg( }zbibzo}(

fbuibzo} fbe gioibzo}( mgfqfmunq uqfju}( {ijbu/id/tjnp( jbdnqnbmn( ugnon( uibn( {hiu fbe

}nuujb`" Oiqnitnq( unfmgnq} fqn {qitjene pjug }~``n}une ujuhn} diq qnfe fhi~e} iq`fbj|ne az

ugjqe( di~qug fbe djdug `qfen hntnh} fbe f hj}u id ej}m~}}jib v~n}ujib} diq aiic ufhc} fbe



Gfhjdfw Mi~buz ^{{nq Nhnonbufqz Entnhi{onbufh [qilnmu< Pfhcnq $ Pj``jb} 6=

`~jene qnfejb` `qi~{}" Fhib` pjug ugj}( NI@ v~n}ujib mfunìqjn} fbe jenf} diq piqe }u~ejn}

fqn fh}i `jtnb"

Ofug

Ugn ofug {fmjb` `~jen {qitjen} f ah~n{qjbu }gipjb` ugn ofjb mio{nunbmz ìfh} fmmiqejb`

ui ugn BM ]ufbefqe Mi~q}n id ]u~ez diq nfmg id ugn `qfen hntnh fbe ugn pnj`gune {nqmnbuf`n

ib ugn BM Nbe/id/@qfen un}u}" Ugnqn j} fh}i f ‘Ahiio‚} Qntj}ne Ufwibioz id Mi`bjujtn

Hntnh}‟ mgfqu ugfu }~``n}u} fmujtjujn} fmmiqejb` ui ugn }jw hntnh}( hj}u} qnhntfbu tnqa}(

jbmh~en} }fo{hn f}}j`bonbu} f} pnhh f} qn}i~qmn}" Ugn dim~} jb ugn {fmjb` `~jen f`fjb j} f

‘Mibmn{u ui an Uf~`gu‟ }nmujib fhib` pju g ugn miqqn}{ibejb` ialnmujtn} dqio ugn Biqug

Mfqihjbf ]ufbefqe Mi~q}n id ]u~ez" E[J }uqfun`jn} fbe jbejmfuiq} fqn ofumgne ~{ pjug ugn

mibmn{u} fbe ialnmujtn} jb fbiugnq }nmujib id ugn {fmjb` `~jen fbe }~``n}ujib} diq qntjnp

fmujtjujn} fqn fh}i `jtnb" Ugn {fmjb` `~jen mibmh~en} pjug f hj}u id }fo{hn ofug pna}jun}"

]imjfh ]u~ejn}

Ugj} {fmjb` `~jen j} aqicnb jbui }jw }jw/pnnc {nqjie}" Nfmg `qfen hntnh gf} f ugnon<

/ Ugjqe @qfen ” Mjuj|nb}gj{< [ni{hn Ofcjb` f Ejddnqnbmn

/ Di~qug @qfen ” Biqug Mfqihjbf< @ni`qf{gz fbe Gj}uiqz

/ Djdug @qfen ” ^bjune ]ufun} Gj}uiqz( Mfbfef( Onwjmi( fbe Mnbuqfh Fonqjmf" Nfmg }jw

pnnc} dim~}n} ib mibmn{u} ui an uf~`gu ofumgne pjug ialnmujtn} dqio ugn Biqug Mfqihjbf

]ufbefqe Mi~q}n id ]u~ez" Feejujibfhhz( ugnqn fqn }~``n}une uqfb}jujibfh ofunqjfh} diq fb

nddnmujtn C/> ]imjfh ]u~ejn} {qi`qfo" Ugn }~``n}ujib} fqn ofen ~}jb` ugn dihhipjb`

mfunìqjn}< `ni`qf{gz( gj}uiqz( nmibiojm} fbe mjtjm}" Qnmioonbene `qfen hntnh djnhe uqj{}

fqn fh}i {qitjene"




]mjnbmn

Ugn }mjnbmn {fmjb` `~jen j} eqjtnb az ugn ìfh} ugfu miqqn}{ibe pjug ugn BM

]ufbefqe Mi~q}n id ]u~ez" F hj}u id fmujtjujn} j} {qitjene diq nfmg ìfh" Jb feejujib( unfmgnq}

fqn {qitjene pjug n}}nbujfh v~n}ujib} fbe cnz timfa~hfqz diq nfmg id ugn ìfh}"

Nfmg id ugn {fmjb` `~jen} fqn f{{qi{qjfunhz {fmne fbe fhj`bne ui ugn Biqug Mfqihjbf

]ufbefqe Mi~q}n id ]u~ez" Diq ugn djq}u djtn }jw pnnc}( ugn ìfh} fbe ialnmujtn} fqn anjb`

mitnqne" Ugn }jwug }jw pnnc} j} ~}ne diq qntjnp id ugn ìfh} uf~`gu ugqi~`gi~u ugn }mgiih

znfq"

Ugn {fmjb` `~jen} fqn nf}jhz fmmn}}jahn fu ugn ej}uqjmu pna}jun fbe fu djtn id ugn }ntnb

nhnonbufqz }mgiih pna}jun}" Ugn iq`fbj|fujib j} nf}z ui ~benq}ufbe diq aiug unfmgnq} fbe

{fqnbu}"



Gfhjdfw Mi~buz ^{{nq Nhnonbufqz Entnhi{onbufh [qilnmu< Pfhcnq $ Pj``jb} 6>

JJJ" Mgjhe Entnhi{onbu

[gz}jmfh Entnhi{onbu

Ugn {gz}jmfh entnhi{onbu id }u~enbu} jb `qfen}

=/4 q~b ugn `fo~u dqio anjb` fahn ui ei }nfu piqc diq

hib` {nqjie} id ujon ui f }uqib` bnne diq i~ueiiq {hfz" A~u

ibn ugjb` ugn}n f`n `qi~{} gftn jb miooib j} uib} id

nbnq`z" Jb feejujib( 0/ fbe 7/znfq ihe} idunb }uq~``hn pjug

ugn feene qn}{ib}jajhjuz ugfu mion} pjug ugn ugjqe fbe

di~qug `qfen}" Ugj} fddnmu} ugnjq {gz}jmfh entnhi{onbu"

Ofbz 0/ fbe 7 znfq/ihe} unbe ui piqqz fai~u un}u} fbe

f}}j`bonbu}" Ugn fh}i dnnh fbwjnuz pgnb }n{fqfune dqio

dfojhjfq {ni{hn( }~qqi~bejb`}( fbe qi~ujbn}" Bjbn ui 66/znfq ihe} bnne qi~ujbn} ntnb jd ugn

ei hjcn ui {~}g ugn hjoju} immf}jibfhhz" Anmf~}n id ugnjq fmujtnbn}}( ugnz anbndju dqio }giqu

}bfmc iq qnmn}} aqnfc} tnq}~} hib` aqnfc}( fmujtn `fon} iq nbnq`j|nq} fbe ugn a~jhejb` id

oitnonbu} jbui hnfqbjb` fmujtjujn}"

Ju j} fh}i pjugjb ugj} f`n qfb`n( ugfu {gz}jmfh }j|n fbe fuuqfmujtnbn}} an`jb} ui

jbdh~nbmn gip iugnq} {nqmnjtn mgjheqnb( fmmiqejb` ui Mgjhe fbe Feihn}mnbu Entnhi{onbu diq

Ne~mfuiq}" Diq }ion mgjheqnb( {~anquz an`jb}" Diq `jqh} jb {fqujm~hfq( nfqhz ofu~qjuz mfb

hnfe ui hip }nhd/n}unno( en{qn}}jib( fbe fbwjnuz" Ugnqn j} f gnj`gunbne }nb}n id gnfhug fbe

}fdnuz mibmnqb} f} pnhh" Anmf~}n {gz}jmfh {hfz j} }i jo{iqufbu( ju j} fh}i jo{iqufbu ui

oibjuiq cje} pgnb ugnz {hfz" Ugn b~oanq id fmmjenbufh jbl~qjn} qj}n} jb ugj} f`n `qi~{ e~n

‘Diq anuunq iq piq}n( 5 ug

`qfenq} unbe ui gftn

jbmqnejahn nbnq`z fbe

noiujib"‟ Ojcn Fbenq}ib

Ne~mfujibfh Hnfenq}gj{<




ui ugn dfmu ugfu ugnz fqn }ujhh fmv~jqjb` mi`bjujtn }cjhh} fbe anmiojb` oiqn jben{nbenbu

e~qjb` {hfzujon"

Mi`bjujtn Entnhi{onbu

Pgjhn ugnqn fqn }ion tfqjfujib} jb ugn mi`bjujtn entnhi{onbu id mgjheqnb jb `qfen}

=/4( ibn ugjb` mgfqfmunqj}ujm ugnz fhh }gfqn j} anjb` gfqepiqcjb` fbe nf`nq" Cje} jb ugj} f`n

qfb`n fqn tnqz fpfqn ugfu ugnz pjhh dfmn `qnfunq mgfhhnb`n}" ‘Ugnjq aqfjb entnhi{onbu gf}

fetfbmne ui ugn {ijbu pgnqn ugnz mfb an`jb ui hnfqb ugn diqofh q~hn} id qnfejb`( pqjujb`(

fbe ofug(‟ fmmiqejb` ui ‘Ugn ^{} fbe Eipb} id =qe @qfen‟ jb Ne~mfujibfh Hnfenq}gj{< Ugn

Uqfb}jujib Znfq}" ‘Ugnz fqn mibmqnun ugjbcnq} fbe bnne ui hnfqb az eijb`< mqnfujb` {i}unq}(

{~uujb` ib {hfz}( pqjujb` }uiqjn}( qnfejb` aiic}( {hfzjb` `fon}( fbe ~}jb` ofug

ofbj{~hfujtn} ui }~{{iqu fa}uqfmu ofug mibmn{u}(‟ pqjun} Ojcn Fbenq}ib jb gj} fqujmhn ‘Ugn

Hnf{ jbui 5ug @qfen"‟

]u~enbu} jb ugj} f`n qfb`n anbndju dqio hn}}ib} pgnqn ugnqn fqn }ntnqfh ojb~un} id

ejqnmu unfmgjb`( f piqc {nqjie ui {qfmujmn fbe f{{hz fbe f aqjnd/pqf{ ~{"

Ui d~qugnq entnhi{ mi`bjujtn

}cjhh}( ugnz bnne mhf}}qiio

qi~ujbn}" Jb feejujib( ugnz

bnne ui an fahn ui {qfmujmn

ugn}n qi~ujbn}" Foib` iugnq

ugjb`}( ugnz bnne

qnjbdiqmnonbu( dqnv~nbu

qnojbenq} fbe qn{nfune




mgfbmn} ui qntjnp fbe {qfmujmn" Jb feejujib( }u~enbu} jb ugn ~{{nq nhnonbufqz `qfen} gftn

ugn fajhjuz ui an }nhd/qn`~hfune hnfqbnq} ugfu mfb {hfb( iq`fbj|n( oibjuiq fbe ntfh~fun ugnjq

ipb hnfqbjb` fmujtjujn}"

Hfb`~f`n fbe Hjunqfmz Entnhi{onbu

Diq }u~enbu} jb `qfen} =/4( ugnqn

j} fb jbmqnf}n jb ugn bnmn}}juz diq }uqib`

hjunqfmz }cjhh}" ‘Ugn m~qqjm~h~o oitn} fpfz

dqio af}jm qnfejb` jb}uq~mujib3 }u~enbu} fqn

bip nw{nmune ui qnfe jben{nbenbuhz ui

hnfqb miqn mibunbu jb ugn }~alnmu fqnf}"

]u~enbu} fqn fh}i nw{nmune ui pqjun jb f

diqofhj|ne diqofu fbe ufcn }ufbefqej|ne

un}u}(‟ fmmiqejb` ui fb fqujmhn jb Ne~mfujibfh

Hnfenq}gj{< Ugn Uqfb}jujib Znfq}" Diq di~qug

`qfenq} jb {fqujm~hfq( ugnqn j} f }gjdu dqio ‘hnfqbjb` ui qnfe‟ ui ‘qnfejb` ui hnfqb"‟

Fmmiqejb` ui f }u~ez( Fmgjntnonbu Uqf{< Gip Fonqjmf j} Dfjhjb` Ojhhjib} id Gj`g/

Fmgjntjb` ]u~enbu} dqio Hipnq/Jbmion Dfojhjn}( oiqn ugfb gfhd id hip/jbmion }u~enbu}

pgi fu ibn ujon pnqn gj`g fmgjntnq} jb qnfejb` jb djq}u `qfen dfhh angjbe az djdug `qfen"

Pgz9 Hfmc id f hjunqfmz/qjmg nbtjqibonbu" Ugnqn fqn ‘ia}ufmhn} ui }u~enbu} qnfejb` ugnjq

{iunbujfh jbmh~en hjojune hjdn nw{nqjnbmn}( f hfmc id aiic} fbe jb}~ddjmjnbu nw{i}~qn ui

F`nHfb`~f`n)Hjunqfmz

Mgfqfmunqj}ujm}

7

/ Hjcn ui ufhc( nw{hfjb jenf}( fbe ~}n

qf{jehz nw{fbejb` timfa~hfqjn}/ Unbe ui nwf``nqfun/ Hj}unb pnhh( a~u ugnz gftn }i ofbzjenf} ugfu ugnz ofz biu fhpfz}qnonoanq pgfu ugnz‚tn gnfqe

:/ Hitn en}mqj{ujtn hfb`~f`n( piqe {hfz(fbe bnp timfa~hfqz/ ]ionujon} qntnqu ui afaz ufhc / Nbliz nwf``nqfujib( ‘ejquz‟ licn}( fbe

`qfddjuj

6;

/ Hj}unb} pnhh/ Qnfe tiqfmji~}hz

/ Nw{qn}}jtn fbe ufhcfujtn3 hjcn uinw{hfjb ugjb`}

66/ Nbliz fq`~jb` fbe enafujb`/ F{{qnmjfun g~oiq/ Jojufun fe~hu hfb`~f`n




aiic}( fbe f hfmc id aiug fmmn}}jahn hjaqfqjn} fbe }ujo~hfujb` }~oonq nw{nqjnbmn}(‟ pqiun

Mgqj}ujbn Anmc jb ugn fqujmhn ‘Bi Oiqn Hi}u @qi~be‟ dqio Ne~mfujibfh Hnfenq}gj{" Pgjhn

ofbz id ugn hfb`~f`n fbe hjunqfmz mgfqfmunqj}ujm} hj}une jb ugn ufahn faitn imm~q bfu~qfhhz(

ugnz }ujhh bnne ui an b~qu~qne jb aiug }mgiih fbe fu gion"

]nhd/mibmn{u( Jenbujuz( fbe Oiujtfujib

E~qjb` ~{{nq nhnonbufqz }mgiih(

mgjheqnb nbunq jbui pgfu entnhi{onbufh

{}zmgihi`j}u Nqjc Nqjm}ib mfhh} ugn jbe~}uqz t}"

jbdnqjiqjuz }uf`n pgnqn ugnz an`jb ui entnhi{

ugnjq }nb}n id jbe~}uqz" Jbe~}uqz qndnq} ui ugn

mgjhe‚} jenbujdjmfujib id ugnjq }uqnbùg}" Pgnb

ugnjq }uqnbùg} fbe fmmio{hj}gonbu} fqn

mnhnaqfune( ugnjq }nb}n id }nhd {i}jujtnhz

entnhi{}" A~u pgnb ugnz eib‚u gftn f }nb}n id

jbe~}uqz fbe fqn ~bfahn ui hjtn ~{ ui ugn nw{nmufujib} id iugnq}( ugnz ofz entnhi{ f }nb}n

id jbdnqjiqjuz" Ug~}( mgjheqnb jb ~{{nq nhnonbufqz bnne ugn gnh{ id mfqjb` fe~hu} f} ugnz

entnhi{ }nhd/}~ddjmjnbmz fbe mio{nunbmz" ]u~enbu} ugj} f`n }gi~he an {qitjene pjug

o~huj{hn i{{iqu~bjujn} ui jbjujfun bnp fmujtjujn} fbe dnnh f }nb}n id fmmio{hj}gonbu"

Fhib` pjug ugn {i}jujtn dnnhjb`} f}}imjfune pjug fmmio{hj}gonbu( mgjheqnb anupnnb

ugn f`n} id 7 fbe 66 fqn an`jbbjb` ui }gip `qnfunq mibuqih itnq ugnjq noiujib}" Jb }uqn}}d~h

}ju~fujib}( ugnz ofz mibmnfh ugnjq noiujib}( ~}n ej}uqfmujib }uqfun`jn}( fbe)iq fuuno{u ui

qnendjbn ugn }ju~fujib jb f pfz ugfu ein} biu {qiticn f bn`fujtn qn}{ib}n" Mgjheqnb ugj}

NoiujibfhEntnhi{onbu ^{{nqNhnonbufqz*

~benq}ufbe} ugfu o~huj{hn noiujib}mfb imm~q fu ugn}fon ujon

~benq}ufbe} mf~}n}id noiujib}

NoiujibfhQn`~hfujib

^{{nq Nhnonufqz*

~}n} {qiahno/ fbenoiujib/af}ne}uqfun`jn} uiqn`~hfun noiujib}

fahn ui f}}n}} ugnen`qnn ui pgjmgugnz mfb mibuqih f}ju~ujib

an`jb} ui ~}nmi`bjujtn }uqfun`jn}ui qne~mn }uqn}}



Gfhjdfw Mi~buz ^{{nq Nhnonbufqz Entnhi{onbufh [qilnmu< Pfhcnq $ Pj``jb} 6:

f`n ofz fh}i unbe ui nb`f`n jb {qiahno/dim~}ne mi{jb` }uqfun`jn} }nncjb` jbdiqofujib(

ufcjb` fmujib ui mgfb`n iq oiejdz ugn }ju~fujib( `nbnqfujb` ejddnqnbu }ih~ujib}( num"* fbe)iq

noiujib/dim~}ne }uqfun`jn} nw{qn}}jb` noiujib}( }nncjb` }~{{iqu fbe miodiqu jb iugnq}(

ftijejb` }uqn}}d~h ntnbu}*" Onnmn( =50*

Dj`~qn 6 Di}unqjb` Noiujibfh Mio{nunbmn jb ^{{nq Nhnonbufqz ]u~enbu}

Pgjhn {nnq {qn}}~qn j} }uqib`( mgjheqnb fu ugj} f`n gnftjhz qnhz ib ugn `~jefbmn id

qn}{ib}jahn fe~hu qihn oienh} ui di}unq noiujibfh mio{nunbmn" Dj`~qn E"1 {qitjen} f hj}u id

pfz} diq unfmgnq} fbe mfqn`jtnq} ui di}unq noiujibfh mio{nunbmn jb ~{{nq nhnonbufqz

}u~enbu}" Mgjheqnb pgi qnmnjtn ugj} }~{{iqu unbe ui enoib}uqfun oiqn {i}jujtn diqo} id

}nhd/qn`~hfujib ugfb mgjheqnb pgi ei biu" Onnmn( =57* F mgjhe pgi j} noiujibfhhz

mio{nunbu mfb unbe ui entnhi{ f {i}jujtn }nhd/mibmn{u"

Di}unqjb` Noiujibfh Mio{nunbmn

Pgfu @iie [fqnbu} Ei<

/tfhjefun fbe fmmn{u mgjhe‚}noiujib}

/ gnh{ mgjhe fqujm~hfun fbe~benq}ufbe ugnjq noiujib}

/ {qitjen tnqafh `~jefbmn jb{i}jujtn qn}{ib}n} ui }uqn}} fbe

iugnq {qiahno}

/ {qitjen qnf}}~qfbmn ugfu ugnzpjhh anmion oiqn }cjhhne fu gfbehjb` noiujib} itnqujon

/ jbtihtn mgjheqnb jb enmj}jibofcjb`

^{{nqnhnonbufqz}u~enbu} bnne

gnh{~benq}ufbejb`(nw{qn}}jb`( fbe

qn`~hfujb`noiujib}"

Pgfu @iie Unfmgnq} Ei<

/mqnfun mfqjb`( {i}jujtn( fbefddnmujtn nbtjqibonbu}(

/ gnh{ }u~enbu} entnhi{ noiujibqnhfune hfb`~f`n ~}jb` aiic}(

{hfz}( tjeni}

/oienh {i}jujtn onugie} diqenfhjb` pjug {qiahno} jb ugn

mhf}}qiio

/{qitjen nw{hjmju jb}uq~mujibqn`fqejb` }{nmjdjm pfz} ui gfbehn

noiujib} fbe }uqn}}

/nb`f`n }u~enbu} jb {qiahno}ihtjb` }uqfun`jn}( mibdhjmu

qn}ih~ujib( ofcjb` ìie mgijmn}(

~}jb` {i}jujtn }nhd/ufhc( num"




F} ugn ~{{nq nhnonbufqz }u~enbu‚} }nhd /mibmn{u entnhi{}( ugnz an`jb ui ugjbc oiqn

fa}uqfmuhz" Ugj} fhhip} ugno ui en}mqjan ugno}nhtn} jb oiqn qnfhj}ujm( enufjhne unqo}< J fo

ìie }u~enbu anmf~}n J nfqb ìie `qfen}" t}" J fo f `jqh" J qnfe aiic}" ^bhjcn zi~b`nq

}u~enbu}( ugnz fqn mf{fahn id jbun`qfujb` i{{i}jb` fuuqja~un} pjug ugn qnfhj|fujib ugfu

{ni{hn mfb gftn aiug {i}jujtn fbe bn`fujtn uqfju}" Jb feejujib( ~{{nq nhnonbufqz }u~enbu}

an`jb ui ~}n jbunq{nq}ibfh mgfqfmunqj}ujm} uq~}upiqugz( mio{f}}jibfun* ui en}mqjan

ugno}nhtn} fbe ofz idunb ei }i az ofcjb` }imjfh mio{fqj}ib}"

Jb ugn mhf}}qiio( f }u~enbu‚} }nhd /mibmn{u j} cbipb ui fddnmu {nqdiqofbmn" ]i pgjhn

ntnqz mgjhe mfb hnfqb( f }u~enbu pjug f {iiq }nhd/mibmn{u itnqfhh ofz {nqdiqo {iiqhz jb ugn

mhf}}qiio" Gipntnq( f} }u~enbu} nbunq jbui ugn djbfh }uf`n} id ojeehn mgjhegiie( ugnjq

fajhjuz ui jbun`qfun {i}jujtn fbe bn`fujtn

mgfqfmunqj}ujm} j} }uqib`nq" ^{{nq nhnonbufqz

}u~enbu} ofz an`jb ui ejddnqnbujfun ugnjq }nhd/

mibmn{u" ]u~enbu} jb ugj} f`n `qi~{ ofz mfunìqj|n

ugnjq }nhd/mibmn{u fmmiqejb` ui }~mmn}} jb

jbejtje~fh }~alnmu fqnf}" Diq nwfo{hn( f }u~enbu

ofz tjnp gnq}nhd f} ìie jb qnfejb`( a~u giqqjahn

ofug" Ugn }fon mibmn{u f{{hjn} ui f }u~enbu‚} }nhd /

n}unno" F }u~enbu mfb gftn gj`g }nhd/n}unno jb

qnhfujib ui ugnjq {nnq `qi~{( a~u {iiq }nhd/n}unno

pgnb ju mion} ui }mgiih fmgjntnonbu" F} f qn}~hu(

ugn }u~enbu mfb ofjbufjb f qnhfujtnhz {i}jujtn hntnh id }nhd/n}unno" =4;/=46* Aiug }nhd/

mibmn{u fbe }nhd/n}unno diqo ugn di~befujib} id jenbujuz"

/ {i}jujtn }nhd/mibmn{u id fajhjuz

/ noiujibfhmio{nunbmn

/ }~{{iqujtn{fqnbu}

/ pfqo mhf}}qiionbtjqibonbu

/ bn`fujtn }nhd/mibmn{u id fajhjuz

/ mgfb`n} jb }mgiihnbtjqibonbu

/ mio{fqj}ib id biqofujtn}ufbefqe}

Dj`~qn 1 Dfmuiq} piqcjb` diq fbe f`fjb}u

}u~enbu oiujtfujib




Jenbujuz fbe `nbenq/qihn} fqn }ionpgfu qj`je fbe }ionujon} {ihfqj|ne foib`}u

~{{nq nhnonbufqz }u~enbu}( e~n jb {fqu ui }unqniuz{jmfh {iquqfzfh} jb ugn gion

nbtjqibonbu( }mgiih( fbe ugn onejf" F} f qn}~hu( `jqh} {qndnq ui {hfz pjug `jqh} fbe aiz}

{qndnq ui {hfz pjug aiz}" Aiug `qi~{} hnfqb `nbenq/f{{qi{qjfun angftjiq} fbe jbmiq{iqfun

ugn}n jbui ugnjq }nhd/mibmn{u" Aiug `qi~{} {fqujmj{fun jb }imjfhhz fmmn{ufahn fmujtjujn}

{f}}jtn t}" oiqn f``qn}}jtn*" Gipntnq( f} }u~enbu} mi`bjujtn d~bmujib ofu~qn}( ugnz fqn

oiqn hjcnhz ui ~benq}ufbe ugfu {ni{hn mfb gftn aiug of}m~hjbn fbe dnojbjbn jbunqn}u} fbe

uqfju}"

Hjcn iugnq }u~enbu}( ~{{nq nhnonbufqz }u~enbu} mfb an njugnq jbuqjb}jmfhhz iq

nwuqjb}jmfhhz oiujtfune" Jbuqjb}jmfhhz oiujtfune }u~enbu} pjhh qnfe f aiic anmf~}n ugnz djbe

J jbunqn}ujb`" Nwuqjb}jmfhhz oiujtfune }u~enbu} ui `nu f qnpfqe" Aiug diqo} id oiujtfujib

unbe ui pfbn f} }u~enbu nwju ~{{nq nhnonbufqz }mgiih f} f qn}~hu id gip }u~enbu} l~e`n

ugno}nhtn} mio{fqfujtn ntfh~fujib}( biqofujtn jbdiqofujib( }imjfh }ufbefqe}*" ]u~enbu}

ofz fh}i l~e`n ugno}nhtn} jb unqo} id biqofujtn }ufbefqe}( ugnz ofz djbe ju ejddjm~hu ui

{nqdiqo fu gj`g hntnh} id {qidjmjnbmz fbe enoib}uqfun gj`g fajhjuz fbe ofz ugnqndiqn hi}n

fmfenojm oiujtfujib" Dj`~qn = hj}u} iugnq diqmn} ugfu piqc diq fbe f`fjb}u }u~enbu

oiujtfujib jb ~{{nq nhnonbufqz }u~enbu

[nnq Qnhfujib} fbe Oiqfh Entnhi{onbu

Mgjheqnb anbndju dqio eijb` ugjb`} pjug {nnq}( ug~} ugn {nnq `qi~{ anmion}

jo{iqufbu jb ojeehn mgjhegiie" Pjug ugnjq {nnq `qi~{ iugnq mgjheqnb pgi `nbnqfhhz

mib}j}u id mgjheqnb pgi fqn }jojhfq jb f`n( }nw( nugbjmjuz( fbe }imjinmibiojm }ufu~} fbe pgi




hjtn bnfq nfmg iugnq iq ì ui }mgiih ui`nugnq*( ugnz hnfqb hnfenq}gj{ }cjhh}( gip ui

mii{nqfun( `nbenq qihn}( fbe q~hn}" ]ufajhjuz id dqjnbe}gj{} jbmqnf}n e~qjb` ojeehn

mgjhegiie" Pgjhn aiz} ofz gftn oiqn dqjnbe}( `jqh} gftn mhi}nq dqjnbe}"

^{{nq nhnonbufqz }u~enbu} an`jb ui un}u fbe fei{u tfh~n} ugfu ofz an jben{nbenbu

id ugnjq {fqnbu}" Pgnb ugn {nnq `qi~{ j} ugn mf~}n( ugj} fmujib ofz `jtn ugno f }nb}n id

anhib`jb` f} pnhh f} qnjbdiqmn ugnjq }nhd/mibmn{u fbe ̀ nbenq jenbujuz" Hjcnpj}n( ugn {nnq

`qi~{ mfb fbe idunb ein} jbdh~nbmn }u~enbu}‚ }mgiih {nqdiqofbmn fbe fmgjntnonbu"

[i{~hfq mgjheqnb unbe ui an dqjnbehz( mii{nqfujtn( }nb}jujtn ui ugn bnne} id iugnq}(

fbe ìie/bfu~qne" Ugnz fh}i unbe ui an oiqn mi`bjujtnhz ofu~qn" Onnmn( 556*[i{~hfqjuz jb

ojeehn mgjhegiie gf} fb nddnmu ib d~u~qn unbenbmjn}" Diq nwfo{hn( }ion }u~ejn} }gip ugfu

{i{~hfq mgjheqnb fqn oi}u hjcnhz ui gftn ìie mi`bjujtn fbe }imjfh }cjhh}" [i{~hfqjuz mqjunqjf

ofz tfqz dqio fqnf ui fqnf" F} }~mg f }ufu~} j} hfq`nhz enunqojbne az m~hu~qfh tfh~n} fbe

{nnq `qi~{}"

]u~enbu} pgi ei biu nw{nqjnbmn {i}jujtn {nnq qnhfujib} ofz nw{nqjnbmn hip }nhd/

n}unno( en{qn}}jib( fbe {iiq fmfenojm fmgjntnonbu" Hjcnpj}n bn`hnmune }u~enbu} unbe ui

an }gz fbe pjugeqfpb" Unfmgnq} mfb gnh{ nbgfbmn {nnq qnhfujib} fbe {qioiun {qi/}imjfh

angftjiq az jbmiq{iqfujb` }uq~mu~qn mii{nqfujtn hnfqbjb` fmujtjujn} fbe oienhjb` fmu} id

gnh{jb`( mfqjb`( }gfqjb`( fbe mii{nqfujb` pjug iugnq}"

Ui gnh{ qn}ihtn ej}f`qnnonbu} fbe piqc ui`nugnq( mgjheqnb jb ugj} }uf`n id

entnhi{onbu( }u~enbu} tfqz fhib` ugn mibujb~~o id {qn/mibtnbujibfh oiqfh qnf}ibjb` ugfu

tjnp q~hn} f} jo{iqufbu diq ofjbufjbjb` }imjfh iqenq" Anmf~}n ugnz oj`gu an {~bj}gne iq

qnpfqene fbe mibtnbujibfh oiqfh qnf}ibjb` pgjmg }fz} zi~ }gi~he dihhip q~hn} ntnb pgnb

ugnqn j} bi qnpfqe iq {~bj}gonbu" ]u~enbu} anhjntn ugfu zi~ }gi~he dihhip q~hn}" Ugnz fqn




mibmnqbne pjug dfjqbn}} fbe nb}~qjb` ugfu ntnqzibn dihhip} ugn q~hn}" Ui ugj} nwunbu(

unfmgnq mfb gnh{ diqo f oiqfh mioo~bjuz jb ugn mhf}}qiio" Ugn dj`~qn anhip hj}u iugnq pf}

ui {qioiun mgjheqnb‚} oiqfh entnhi{onbu fbe jo{qitn {nnq qnhfujib}"

[nnq Qnhfujib}

‡ftije dftiqjuj}o( }fqmf}o( tnqafh fbe {gz}jmh fa~}n( fbeiugnq angftjiq} ugfu g~ojhjfun ugn mgjhe

‡mqnfun f }fdn mhf}}qiio nbtjqibonbu

‡ {qntnbu a~hhzjb` fbe tnqafh {nnq ui {nnq fa~}n‡oienh {i}jujtn }ihtjb` onugie}

Oiqfh Entnhi{onbu

‡~}n jben~mujtn onuge id ej}mj{hjbn `jtn qnf}ib} diq pgz f angftjiq j}pqib`*

‡{qn}nbu oiqfh j}}~n} fbe ejhnoof} fbe ej}m~}} ugno pjug mgjheqnb

‡{qioiun {nq}{nmuitn ufcjb` az `jtjb` }u~enbu} ugn i{{iqu~bjuz ui }gfqnugnjq ugi~`gu} fbe dnnhjb`}( hj}unb ui iugnq {nq}{nmujtn}

‡fhhip }u~enbu} ui {fqumj{fun jb ugn enmj}jib ofcjb` {qimn}}

‡gihe qn`~hfq mhf}} onnujb`} ui ui ej}m~}}jb` nugjmfh j}}~n} fbe ntnbu} jb}jenfbei~u}jen ugn }mgiih

‡jo{hnonbu mgfqfmunq ne~mfujib jbui ugnjq nwj}ujb` m~qqjm~h~o

‡{qioiun }nqtmn hnfqbjb` {qilnmu}

Gip Unfmgnq} Mfb Jo{qitn [nnq Qnhfujib}




JT" Efuf Mihhnmujib

[nnq qnhfujib} fbe Oiujtfujib

=qe @qfen Qnfejb` Mhf}} Ia}nqtfujib

Ia}nqtnq< Gi{n Pfhcnq

]u~enbu} piqcne jben{nbenbuhz fu ugnjq {~}gne/ui`nugnq

en}c} ui mi{z fbe mio{hnun f `qfoofq fmujtjuz ugfu pf} {i}une ib

ugn aifqe" Fdunq ugn fhhiuune ujon fai~u 6; ojb~un}*( tih~bunnq}

pnqn f}cne ui }gfqn ugnjq fb}pnq}" E~qjb` ugj} ujon( }u~enbu} eje

biu ufhc itnq nfmg iugnq( znhh i~u fb}pnq}( unf}n nfmg iugnq pgnb

oj}ufcn} pnqn ofen( iq mio{hfjb pgnb ugnz ofen oj}ufcn}" Ugn

unfmgnq `nbuhz miqqnmune oj}ufcn} fbe ugn }u~enbu} pnqn v~jun

qnmn{ujtn"

Bnwu mfon f qn}uqiio aqnfc" J pf} fof|ne fu gip v~jnu fbe

iqenqhz }u~enbu} pnqn jb ugj} {qimn}}" Ju pf} iatji~} ugfu ugn unfmgnq gfe {qfmujmne fbe

n}ufahj}gne {qimne~qn}" ^{ib qnu~qb( ugnz joonejfunhz qnu~qbne ui ugnjq }nfu}( uiic i~u

ugnjq unwu( fbe pfjune diq jb}uq~mujib"

Ugn unfmgnq jbuqie~mne ugn unwu fbe `ftn }u~enbu} ujon ui nb`f`n jb f {jmu~qn pfhc

ugqi~`g ugn }uiqz" Piqcjb` pjug f {fqubnq ugn }u~enbu fu ugn }fon en}c*( }u~enbu}

nb`f`ne jb ej}m~}}jib fai~u ugn {jmu~qn} jb ugn }uiqz( {qitjejb` ugnjq i{jbjib} fai~u ugn

{i}}jahn }uiqzhjbn" Pgnb ugn mhf}} qnmibtnbne( }u~enbu} pnqn f}cne ui }gfqn ugnjq

{qnejmujib}" Ugn unfmgnq ugnb feene oiqn afmc`qi~be cbiphne`n az ofcjb` mibbnmujib}

ui f m~qqnbu ntnbu fai~u }{fmn uqftnh" Ibn id ugn }u~enbu} qfj}ne gj} gfbe ui mioonbu ib

@jddiqe‚} }giiujb`( }fzjb` ugfu }gn pf} ofqqjne ui fb f}uqibf~u" Ugj} }~{{iqu} ugn qn}nfqmg

Ia}nqtne Zfqe}ujmc}

$ Ojhn}uibn} '7zq}*]imjfh/Noiujibfh

piqc} an}u jb `qi~{}fu․{~}gne ui`nugnq

en}c3

qn}{ibe} pnhh ui

mhf}}․uqfejujib} ugfu

a~jhe f }nb}n id ~bjuz

fbe mign}jib

Tj}jib fbe Djbn Oiuiq Fajhjuz

anuunq mibuqih id nzn}

fbe gfbe} nbfahn}

mgjheqnb ui mi{z dqio

ugn aifqe

Mi`bjujtn Fajhjuz

Gftn hjojune

fuunbujib }{fb a~u ei

anmion nb`qi}}ne jb

ugn fmujtjuz fu gfbe




ugfu nw{hfjb} gip ‘mgjheqnb ofcn onfbjb` pgnb qnfejb` az qnhfujb` bnp jbdiqofujib ui

pgfu ugnz fhqnfez cbip"‟

Fdunq ugn ej}m~}}jib( ugn mhf}} uqfb}jujibne ui }u~enbu/hne }ofhh qnfejb` `qi~{}"

Nfmg }u~enbu oitne v~jmchz ui ugn afmc id ugn qiio fbe `fugnqne ib ugn dhiiq" Ugnqn pf}

tnqz hjuuhn }ofhh ufhc fbe bi giq}n{hfz" ]u~enbu} pnqn ib uf}c f} }iib f} fhh onoanq} id ugn

`qi~{ pnqn miodiqufahz }nfune ib ugn dhiiq" L~e`jb` az ugn dh~nbmz qfun id }ion id ugn

qnfenq} fbe ugn v~fhjuz id v~n}ujib} fbe ej}m~}}jib}( ugn }u~enbu} f{{nfqne ui an `qi~{ne

az fajhjuz" ]ion }u~enbu} }ujhh ~}ne ‘enmiejb`‟ }cjhh} ui }i~be i~u f piqe ugnz ejeb‚u cbip

pgjmg j} biqofh fu ugj} }uf`n jb qnfejb` entnhi{onbu" Ugn unfmgnq oitne foib` ugn

`qi~{}( biujb` ia}nqtfujib} fbe {qitjejb` f}}j}ufbmn f} bnnene"

Fu ugj} {ijbu( pn }gfqne pjug ugn unfmgnq gip `qnfu gnq }u~enbu} pnqn(

mio{hjonbune gnq ib gnq nddiqu}( fbe iddnqne ugfbc} diq ugn i{{iqu~bjuz ui ia}nqtn"

]imjinoiujibfh Entnhi{onbu fbe Oiujtfujib jb ugn Mhf}}qiio

Mhf}}qiio Nbtjqibonbu ]~qtnzDi~qug @qfen Mhf}} Ia}nqtfujib< F~qnhjfb ]{qjb`}Ia}nqtnq< Zihfbef Pj``jb}

Qn}{ibe ui nfmg id ugn }~qtnz juno} az jbejmfujb` gip idunb ugn {qfmujmn imm~q} ib f }mfhnhjcn ugn dihhipjb`<

; 6 1 = 5 >

Biu ia}nqtne

Fhoi}u bntnq

]nheio ]ionujon} Idunb Tnqz idunb

Mgjhe Mgijmn)Jbjujfujtn

Mgjheqnb mgii}n uf}c} dqio f tfqjnuz id i{ujib}( mgfhhnb`n hntnh}" =Mgjheqnb mgii}n pgi ugnz pfbu ui piqc pjug" ; Unfmgnq mgi}n `qi~{} af}ne ib fajhjuz*"Mgjheqnb mgii}n gip fbe pgnqn ui mibe~mu tfqji~} uf}c}" 5Mgjheqnb mfb piqc fu ugnjq ipb {fmn" 5Mgjheqnb mfb enunqojbn pgnb ugnz gftn mio{hnune f uf}c iq f}}j`bonbu" ;




[fqujmj{fujib

Unfmgnq nbmi~qf`n} mgjheqnb ui f}c v~n}ujib} qfugnq ugfb hj}unb {f}}jtnhz" =Oi}u mgjheqnb {fqujmj{fun jb mhf}} ej}m~}}jib}" =Oi}u mgjheqnb {fqujmj{fun fmujtnhz jb mhf}} fmujtjujn} j"n"( f{{nfq nb`f`ne jb uf}c}*" 5

Fddjhjfujib)Mii{nqfujibMgjheqnb gnh{ nfmg iugnq( }gfqn ofunqjfh}" >Mgjheqnb f{{nfq ui cbip ugnjq mhf}}ofun} pnhh" 5Mgjheqnb f{{nfq ui nbliz piqcjb` ui`nugnq" 5[nnq f}}j}ufbmn gnh{* pjug uf}c} j} nbmi~qf`ne" >

Mio{nujujib No{gf}j}

Mgjheqnb mio{nun diq unfmgnq qnmi`bjujib" 1Mgjheqnb mio{nun diq `qfen}( qnpfqe}( iq {i}jujtn ntfh~fujib }j`b} n"`"( }ufq} ib {f{nq}*" 1Mgjheqnb mio{nun diq {nnq qnmi`bjujib" 1

Jbv~jqz Dim~}Mgjheqnb djbe i~u fb}pnq} ui v~n}ujib} ugqi~`g ipb jbtn}uj`fujib}" 5Unfmgnq no{gf}j|n} ugjbcjb` }cjhh} fbe {qimn}}n} id jbv~jqz" >Unfmgnq {qitjen} mh~n}( gjbu}( fbe nwfo{hn} ui nbmi~qf`n {qiahno }ihtjb`" >Unfmgnq nbmi~qf`n} mqnfujtn iq bitnh jenf}" 5

[nqdiqofbmn)Ntfh~fujib No{gf}j}

Jbejtje~fh }u~enbu {nqdiqofbmn j} }fhjnbu n"`"( `qfen}( ‘miqqnmu‟ fbe ‘jbmiqqnmu‟ fb}pnq}

fqn {~ahjmj|ne*" =Unfmgnq no{gf}j|n} mio{fqj}ib id }u~enbu {nqdiqofbmn fbe angftjiq" 1[qfj}n fbe iugnq qnpfqe} fqn `jtnb ofjbhz ui gj`g fmgjntnq}" 1

Mhf}}qiio Ofbf`nonbu

Ugnqn f{{nfq} ui an f mhnfq }nu id q~hn} diq }u~enbu} ui dihhip" >Unfmgnq enfh} mib}j}unbuhz pjug }u~enbu} pgi aqnfc q~hn}" ;Mgjheqnb f{{nfq ui ~benq}ufbe pgfu ugnz fqn nw{nmune ui ei" >Oi}u mgjheqnb enoib}uqfun {i}jujtn angftjiq" >

Unfmgnq ]~{{iqu

Ugn unfmgnq ufcn} f {nq}ibfh jbunqn}u jb ugn }u~enbu}" >Ugn unfmgnq hj}unb} ui fbe qn}{nmu} nfmg mgjhe‚} {ijbu id tjnp" 5 Unfmgnq f{{nfq} ui gftn gj`g nw{nmufujib} diq fhh }u~enbu} ui {nqdiqo fbe angftn" 5

Unfmgnq fuunbe} f{{qi{qjfunhz ui fhh }u~enbu}( biu l~}u f dnp" 5Unfmgnq f{{nfq} ui fmmn{u fbe an qn}{ib}jtn ui jbejtje~fh ejddnqnbmn} jb }u~enbu}" 5

Mhf}}qiio Ofunqjfh})Ej}{hfz}

F tfqjnuz id ofunqjfh} fqn ftfjhfahn diq mgjheqnb‚} ~}n" > Ej}{hfz} }gip f tfqjnuz id mgjheqnb‚} piqc" >




Unfmgnq ]uq~mu~qn id Fmfenojm Uf}c}

Ugnqn j} ntjenbmn id oiejdjmfujib} id fmfenojm uf}c} diq jbejtje~fh iq }ofhh `qi~{} id }u~enbu}" 5Unfmgnq {qn}nbu} jb}uq~mujibfh fmujtjujn} ofunqjfh} jb f tfqjnuz id diqo} n"`"(enoib}uqfujib( ej}m~}}jib( aqjnd hnmu~qn*" 5

Unfmgnq fel~}u} mgfhhnb`n hntnh id uf}c} diq jbejtje~fh }u~enbu}" 5

@nbnqfh Mhf}}qiio Fuoi}{gnqn

Mgjheqnb f{{nfq miodiqufahn( qnhfwne dnp f{{nfq unb}n iq bnqti~}*" >Mhf}}qiio fuoi}{gnqn j} biu mgfqfmunqj|ne az }jhnbmn( unbufujtn qn}{ibejb` az mgjheqnb" =Mhf}}qiio fuoi}{gnqn j} mgfqfmunqj|ne az mgnnqd~h tijmn} id mgjheqnb" 5

Qnmiqe Diqo >"65< Mhf}}qiio Nbtjqibonbu ]~qtnz^benq}ufbejb` Mgjheqnb< Fb Jbunqtjnp fbe Ia}nqtfujib @~jen diq Ne~mfuiq}

Pgnb pn nbunqne ugj} mhf}}( }u~enbu} pnqn miqqnmujb` mf{jufhj|fujib nqqiq} jb

}nbunbmn} {qitjene az ugnjq unfmgnq" Pgnb }u~enbu} djbj}gne ugn f}}j`bonbu( ugnz qnfe

bitnh}" Fdunq fhh }u~enbu} gfe mio{hnune ugn f}}j`bonbu( ugn unfmgnq qntjnpne ugn

nwfo{hn} az gftjb` }u~enbu} ì ~{ ui ugn ]OFQUaifqe ui miqqnmu ugn nqqiq}" Ofbz

}u~enbu} qfj}ne ugnjq gfbe} ui `nu ugn i{{iqu~bjuz ui ì ~{" Jd }ionibn }uq~``hne pjug f

}nbunbmn( {nnq} gnh{ne gjo iq gnq i~u pgnb ugnz pnbu ~{" ]u~enbu} miqqnmune ugnjq {f{nq}

fbe ibn nwmhfjone( ‘Zn}&‟ pgnb }gn }fp }gn gfe ìuunb f {qiahno qj`gu"

Ugn unfmgnq uqfb}jujibne jb ui qnfejb` az gftjb` }u~enbu} mio{hnun f CPH mgfqu

fai~u }{fmn uqftnh" Ugn mhf}} mio{hnune f mgfqu ui`nugnq ib ugn ]OFQUaifqe pgjhn

}u~enbu} pqiun eipb ugn mihhfaiqfujtn fb}pnq} fu ugnjq }nfu}" ]u~enbu} gfe ui qfj}n ugnjq

gfbe} diq mnqufjb {iqujib} id ugn ej}m~}}jib fbe fu iugnq} ‘}gi~u/i~u}‟ pnqn fhhipne"

]u~enbu} {qie~mne }ntnqfh dfmu} ugnz gfe hnfqbne fai~u3 }ion cnn{jb` ugnjq gfbe} qfj}ne

diq ofbz }nmibe} fbe ntnb ojb~un} fu f ujon ui }gfqn ugnjq jenf}" Ugn unfmgnq mibbnmune

ugn jenf} ui f m~qqnbu bnp} ntnbu< Mib`qn}}piofb @faqjnhhn @jddiqe} fbe gnq g~}afbe ugn

f}uqibf~u"




Ugn unfmgnq f}cne }u~enbu} ui ufcn f ‘{jmu~qn pfhc‟ ugqi~`g ugn }uiqz ugnz pnqn

fai~u ui qnfe fbe ofcn ia}nqtfujib}" ]u~enbu} gfe ui qnfe ugn }uiqz jb `qi~{} fbe unfo

hnfenq} gfe ui }ui{ {nqjiejmfhhz }i ugfu `qi~{} mi~he ej}m~}} dfmu}" Unfo hnfenq} oitne

djq}u ugnb `qi~{ onoanq} oitne ui unfo hnfenq}" Ugnz gfe annb `qi~{ne fmmiqejb` ui

fajhjuz hntnh}" Ugnqn pnqn di~q ui djtn }u~enbu} jb nfmg `qi~{"

Pgfu J ia}nqtne jb ugj} mhf}} endjbjunhz ofumgn} ugn miooib }imjfh mgfqfmunqj}ujm} id

}u~enbu} jb ugj} f`n qfb`n" Ugnz hitn piqcjb` jb `qi~{}" Ugj} pf} ntjenbmne az ugn

ia}nqtne mii{nqfujtnbn}} pgnb ugn }u~enbu} piqcne jb ugnjq qnfejb` `qi~{}" Ugnz ìu f

mgfbmn ui ufhc fbe nw{hfjb jenf}( upi iugnq ugjb`} nj`gu fbe bjbn/znfq ihe} hjcn ui ei"

Mi`bjujtn Entnhi{onbu< Jbdiqofujib [qimn}}jb` fbe Jbunhhj`nbmn Ugniqjn}Mhf}}qiio Nbtjqibonbu ]~qtnzDjdug @qfen ]mjnbmn Mhf}} Ia}nqtfujib< F~qnhjfb ]{qjb`}Ia}nqtnq< Zihfbef Pj``jb}

En}mqjan fbz unfmgnq jb}uq~mujib qnhfune ui f }{nmjdjm }uqfun`z }u~enbu} mfb ~}n ui

mio{hnun ugn f}}j`bonbu"

Ugn ofjb }uqfun`z ~}ne e~qjb` f }mjnbmn hn}}ib pf} ej}m~}}jib" Ugn mhf}}

{fqujmj{fune jb pgihn/mhf}} ej}m~}}jib fbe {nnq ej}m~}}jib pjug ugnjq }gi~henq {fqubnq"

Ugn unfmgnq pi~he jbuqie~mn f ui{jm iq mibmn{u fbe ugnb hnfe ugn mhf}} jb ej}m~}}jib"

En}mqjan ugn unfmgnq‚} qfujibfhn diq ~}jb` ugn }uqfun`z"

Ugn unfmgnq pfbune }u~enbu} ui `qf}{ f anuunq ~benq}ufbejb` id ugnjq jo{fmu ib ugn

nbtjqibonbu" ]gn pfbune }u~enbu} ui ~}n {qiahno/}ihtjb` fbe qnf}ibjb` }cjhh}" ]u~enbu}

gfe ui f{{hz {qjiq cbiphne`n ui ugn ui{jm} ej}m~}}ne f} pnhh f} ofcn mibbnmujib}" Ugn




ui{jm pf} ugn nbtjqibonbu fbe ugn unfmgnq `ftn }u~enbu} nwfo{hn} id ugjb`} dqio ugn

nbtjqibonbu fbe mgfhhnb`ne }u~enbu} ui enmjen jd ju pf} bnmn}}fqz iq biu diq }~qtjtfh" Ugn

unfmgnq mgfhhnb`ne ugn }u~enbu} ui ej}m~}} pgz ugn juno pf} bnmn}}fqz iq biu" ]u~enbu}

`ftn qnf}ib} diq ugnjq mgijmn}" Diq nwfo{hn( ibn }u~enbu }fje ugfu mfq} pnqn biu bnmn}}fqz

diq }~qtjtfh" Jb dfmu( ugnz {ihh~une ugn fjq" ]ion cje} fq`~ne ugfu {nu} pnqn biu bnnene diq

}~qtjtfh pgjhn fbiugnq bnfq on pgj}{nqne( ‘J bnne oz {nu"‟

Ugn unfmgnq }gfqne f tjeni id {giui} ugfu qnhfun ui nbtjqibonbufh j}}~n} pgjhn cje}

pfumgne jbunbuhz" Ugnb ugnz pnqn `jtnb ujon ui ej}m~}} pgfu ugnz }fp jb ugn tjeni" Cje}

qnfejhz }gfqne ugnjq jenf} pgnb ugn unfmgnq f}cne pgfu pnqn }ion id ugn nddnmu} id

{ihh~ujib ib {hfbu} fbe fbjofh gfajufu}"

En}mqjan pgfu ugn unfmgnq }fje iq eje ui qnojbe }u~enbu} ui ~}n ugn }uqfun`z"

Ugn unfmgnq pi~he }jo{hz }gfqn pjug }u~enbu} tfqji~} mibmn{u} jb mg~bc} iq

}nònbu} fbe ugnb fhhip ujon diq ej}m~}}jib( ofcjb` mibbnmujib} fbe f{{hjmfujib" Ju pf}

iatji~} ugfu }u~enbu} gftn {fqujmj{fune jb ej}m~}}jib andiqn" Ugn }u~enbu} pnqn qn}{nmud~h

fbe eje biu m~u fmqi}} ugnjq mhf}}ofun}" Ugnz hj}unbne jbunbuhz fbe qn}{ibene

f{{qi{qjfunhz"

Ugj} nwnqmj}n gnh{ne on ~benq}ufbe ugn pfz} unfmgnq} dfmjhjufun ugn entnhi{onbu id

hnfqbjb` }uqfun`jn} jb f djdug `qfen mhf}}qiio" Fmmiqejb` ui Zfqe}ujmc}< Mgjheqnb jb ugn

Mhf}}qiio F`n} 5/65( ‘unb/znfq ihe} fqn af}jmfhhz mii{nqfujtn fbe mibe~mjtn ui `qi~{

fmujtjuz( pgihn mhf}} mign}jib( fbe mihhfaiqfujtn hnfqbjb`"‟ ]i J ~benq}ufbe ugn qfujibfhn diq

pgihn mhf}} fbe {fqubnq ej}m~}}jib" Ugj} qn}i~qmn fh}i }ufun} ugfu cje} fu ugj} f`n hntnh fqn



Gfhjdfw Mi~buz ^{{nq Nhnonbufqz Entnhi{onbufh [qilnmu< Pfhcnq $ Pj``jb} =;

‘nf`nq ui qnfmg i~u ui iugnq}( }~mg f} ugqi~`g mioo~bjuz }nqtjmn " " "‟ Ugj} nw{hfjb} ugnjq

jbunbu pfumgjb` id ugn tjeni }gipjb` ugn nddnmu} id ijh }{jhh} ib fbjofh}"

Ia}nqtfujib diqo)fmujtjuz fef{une dqio Mgjhe $ Feihn}mnbu Entnhi{onbu diq Ne~mfuiq} Mgf{unq 5< Fmujtjuz -="

Ibn unfmgjb` }uqfun`z }~``n}une az nw{nqu} diq }u~enbu} jb ugj} f`n qfb`n j} ejqnmu

unfmgjb` fbe f piqc {nqjie ui {qfmujmn fbe f{{hz" Ugn unfmgnq jb ugn ia}nqtne mhf}} `ftn

ugn cje} ojbj/hnmu~qn} ib nbtjqibonbufh j}}~n}( fhhipne ugno ui {fqujmj{fun jb f gfbe}/ib

f{{hjmfujib id ugn mibmn{u ~}jb` ugn ]OFQUaifqe fbe ugnz ej}m~}}ne ugn j}}~n} pjug f {nnq

ui f{{hz pgfu ugnz hnfqbne" Ugj} piqcne pnhh"

[gz}jmfh Entnhi{onbu Ia}nqtfujib} id Aiez @qipugUgjqe @qfen Mhf}} Ia}nqtfujib< Gihhj}unq NhnonbufqzIa}nqtnq< Zihfbef Pj``jb}

Jb ugj} ugjqe `qfen mhf}}qiio(

}u~enbu} pnqn `nuujb` `nfqne ~{ diq

ugnjq djq}u }ufbefqej|ne un}u" Ugn

unfmgnq fbe gnq f}}j}ufbu pnqn

gnh{jb` }u~enbu} pjug un}u/ufcjb`

}uqfun`jn} tjf qnfejb` {qfmujmn pjug

}fo{hn }nhnmujib}" Ugn }u~enbu} jb

ugj} mhf}}qiio tfqjne `qnfuhz jb

pnj`gu fbe gnj`gu" Fmmiqejb` ui

^benq}ufbejb` Mgjheqnb< Fb

Qnmiqe Diqo ="6< Ia}nqtfujib} id Aiez @qipug fbe [gz}jmfh Entnhi{onbu ^benq}ufbejb` Mgjheqnb< Fb Jbunqtjnp fbe Ia}nqtfujib @~jen diq Ne~mfuiq}



Gfhjdfw Mi~buz ^{{nq Nhnonbufqz Entnhi{onbufh [qilnmu< Pfhcnq $ Pj``jb} =6

Jbunqtjnp fbe Ia}nqtfujib @~jen diq Ne~mfuiq}( ‘}ofhhnq mgjheqnb fqn }ionujon} l~e`ne f}

hn}} ofu~qn ugfb hfq`nq mgjheqnb jb ugn mhf}}"‟

Ugn upi }ofhhnq }u~enbu} J ia}nqtne pnqn biujmnfahz ib {ijbu pjug ugn ej}m~}}jib(

ntnb gnh{jb` ugnjq bnj`gaiq} }ufz ib uqfmc fbe {ijbujb` i~u gip ugnz mfon ~{ pjug ugnjq

fb}pnq}" ]u~enbu} jb ugn mhf}} ugn ibn} mfhhne ib ui qnfe* qnfe v~jun dh~nbuhz fbe pnqn

fahn ui nw{hfjb miqqnmu fb}pnq} fbe nw{hfjb pgz jbmiqqnmu fb}pnq} pnqn pqib`" Ugnz ~}ne

qnf}ibjb` }cjhh} fbe `n}u~qn} pgjhn }{nfcjb`" Ugnz pnqn nwmjune pgnb ugnz ìu ugnjq

fb}pnq} miqqnmu" Ugnz pnqn nf`nq ui iddnq fb}pnq} fbe nf`nq ui {hnf}n ugnjq unfmgnq"

]u~enbu} pnqn mio{hjfbu ” qnfejb` ugn }nhnmujib} fhib` pjug iugnq mhf}}ofun} fbe cnn{jb`

v~jnu( ibhz }{nfcjb` pgnb f{{qi{qjfun"

Pgfu J ia}nqtne jb ugj} mhf}} mijbmjen} pnhh pjug pgfu J gftn hnfqbne fai~u ugn

{gz}jmfh entnhi{onbu id cje} jb ugj} f`n `qi~{" ]u~enbu} fu ugj} f`n fqn fahn ui ei }nfu

piqc diq hib` {nqjie} id ujon" A~u( ugnz }ujhh bnne {gz}jmfh aqnfc} dqio piqc" F} ugn

}u~enbu} pnqn bnfqjb` ugn nbe id ugnjq qntjnp }n}}jib( ugn unfmgnq dnhu ugn bnne ui unhh ugno

ugfu ugnjq h~bmg fbe qnmn}} aqnfc pnqn bnfq fbe ui dim~} l~}u f hjuuhn hib`nq" Ju j} mhnfq ugfu

ugn }u~enbu} ia}nqtne fh}i dqnu fai~u un}u} f} ntjenbmne az ugnjq }uqib` pjhhjb`bn}} ui

hj}unb ui nw{hfbfujib} diq miqqnmu fb}pnq} e~qjb` ugnjq {qfmujmn"





Gfhjdfw Mi~buz ^{{nq Nhnonbufqz Entnhi{onbufh [qilnmu< Pfhcnq $ Pj``jb} ==

pfjune pjugi~u ufhcjb`" Ugnqn pf} bi unfmgnq f}}j}ufbu ui gnh{ ugn unfmgnq pjug ugj}

oib~onbufh uf}c" ]u~enbu} cbnp pgfu ugnjq dh~nbmz ìfh} pnqn pgnb ugn unfmgnq f}cne

pgfu ugnjq dh~nbmz qfun }gi~he an az ugn nbe id ugjqe `qfen"

Ugn unfmgnq djbj}gne ~{ pjug ibn hf}u }u~enbu fbe ugnb an`fb ui qntjnp ugn {qfmujmn

un}u" ]u~enbu} pgi ìu ugnjq v~n}ujib} miqqnmu mihhnmujtnhz mgnnqne( }ion znhhjb` ‘ZN]&‟ fbe

iugnq} ugqipjb` fb fqo jb ugn fjq" Diq }u~enbu} `nuujb` v~n}ujib} pqib`( ugn unfmgnq

qntjnpne un}u/ufcjb` }uqfun`jn}( a~u }gn gfe iugnq }u~enbu} unhh ugn uz{n} id }uqfun`jn} ui

~}n" Jd f }u~enbu }fje fb jbmiqqnmu fb}pnq( }gn pi~he gftn ugno ì afmc ui ugn un}u diq

ntjenbmn" Pgnb ugnz mi~he biu djbe ju( }gn pi~he ~}n g~oiq d~bbz piqe} fbe tijmn}* ui

nw{hfjb fpfz ugn jbmiqqnmu fb}pnq}" ]u~enbu} }ojhne fbe hf~`gne fhib` pjug ugn unfmgnq

jbmh~ejb` ugi}n pgi ìu v~n}ujib} pqib`* pgnb }gn nw{hfjbne gip }ion fb}pnq mgijmn}

pnqn }jhhz"

Pgfu J ia}nqtne jb ugj} mhf}}qiio ofumgn} pnhh pjug ugn ftnqf`n hfb`~f`n fbe

hjunqfmz mgfqfmunqj}ujm} id cje} jb ugj} f`n `qi~{" Ugnz hitn nwf``nqfujib fbe licn}" Ugnz

hj}unb pnhh( qnfe tiqfmji~}hz fbe hitn ui nw{hfjb ugjb`}" Fhh id ugn}n mgfqfmunqj}ujm} pnqn

}nnb pjugjb ugn ia}nqtfujib"

[nnq Qnhfujib} fbe Oiqfh Entnhi{onbu [nnq Qnhfujib}4ug @qfen Mhf}} Ia}nqtfujibIa}nqtnq< Gi{n Pfhcnq

E~qjb` ugn NI@ qntjnp }n}}jib ugfu J ia}nqtne( }u~enbu} hj}unbne ui qf{ o~}jm pgjhn

ugnz piqcne" Ugn o~}jm pf}b‚u f} o~mg id f ej}uqfmujib f} J ugi~`gu ju pi~he an" Diq oi}u

id ugn {nqjie( oiqn ugfb gfhd id ugn }u~enbu} pnqn ib uf}c fbe nb`f`ne" Ugnqn pnqn f dnp

ej}{~un} fai~u ‘qj`gu fb}pnq}‟ fbe f dnp mibtnq}fujib} fai~u pgfu pf} nfunb diq h~bmg(




a~u }u~enbu} pnqn nb`f`ne" [nnq u~uiq} }nnone ui ufcn ugnjq qihn }nqji~}hz f} ugnz oitne

fqi~be ui nfmg }u~enbu jb ugnjq ̀ qi~{" Pgnb ugn unfmgnq onu pjug nfmg ̀ qi~{( gn gfe ugnjq

d~hh fuunbujib ~{ib fqqjtfh" Pgnb ugnz f}cne gjo v~n}ujib}( gn unbene ui fb}pnq ugnjq

v~n}ujib} pjug `~jejb` v~n}ujib}" J biujmne ugfu gn eje biu unhh f }u~enbu ugfu ugnz mgi}n ugn

‘pqib`‟ fb}pnq" Jb}unfe( gn pi~he {ijbu ui f {qiahno fbe f}c ‘Gip ei zi~ cbip ugj} j}

ugn qj`gu fb}pnq9 ‘ iq ‘Mfb zi~ }gip on gip zi~ piqcne ugj} {qiahno i~u9‟ ]u~enbu }

pnqn nf`nq ui }gip pgfu ugnz cbnp3 ugnz }nno ui nbliz enafujb` pjug nfmg iugnq fbe ugn

unfmgnq"

]u~enbu} djbj}gne ugn {fmcnu} fu fai~u ugn }fon ujon" Gn mib`qfu~hfune ugno diq f

lia pnhh eibn fbe `ftn dnneafmc af}ne ib ugn piqc gn‚e }nnb dqio }u~enbu}" Ugnz nbene

ugn mhf}} az {hfzjb` ‘]joib ]fz}‟ fbe f `fon mfhhne ‘Ugn Pgnnh‟ jb pgjmg }u~enbu}

}ufbejb` jb f mjqmhn gfe ui v~jmchz bfon f mi~buqz jb N~qi{n iq an ‘i~u‟ jd ugnz ‘aqicn‟ ugn

pgnnh" Cje} pnqn fhh uii nwmjune ui an fahn ui `nu ~{ fbe oitn fqi~be f aju"

Iugnq ia}nqtfujib} fqn biune anhip<

Ia}nqtne Zfqe}ujmc} $ Ojhn}uibn} '66zq}*Ofug

]ihtn mio{hjmfune piqe {qiahno}

Piqc ib }{nne fbe fmm~qfmz jb mio{~ufujib}

Piqc pjug {nqmnbuf`n}

]imjfh Noiujibfh Angftjiq

Hitn ugn mgfhhnb`n id mio{nujujib

Enmqnf}ne hntnh} id nwmh~}jib f} hnfqbjb` `qi~{} pnqn fel~}une diq ugn }imjfh ojw

Unfmgnq no{fugz fe g~oiq gnh{ne }u~enbu} ufcn ugno}nhtn} hn}} }nqji~}hz

Mi`bjujtn @qipug

Hnfqb pnhh jb mihhfaiqfujtn `qi~{}

Nbliz aqfjbunf}nq}( un}u}( fbe jbunhhnmu~fh {~||hn} fbe fmujtjujn}

Anmion} oiqn fen{u fu fa}uqfmu ugjbcjb`

Nbliz fq`~jb` fbe enafujb`



Gfhjdfw Mi~buz ^{{nq Nhnonbufqz Entnhi{onbufh [qilnmu< Pfhcnq $ Pj``jb} =>







]u~enbu Jbunqtjnp}

]nhd/Mibmn{u( Jenbujuz( fbe Oiujtfujib]nhd/ En}mqj{ujib}

Jbunqtjnpnq< Gi{n Pfhcnq

Upi }u~enbu} pnqn jbunqtjnpne ui`nugnq ib mfo{~}"

Ugn ugjqe }u~enbu pf} jbunqtjnpne jb gj} gion" Ugn

{~q{i}n id ugn jbunqtjnp} pf} ui nwfojbn f`n qnhfune

ejddnqnbmn} jb }nhd/en}mqj{ujib} fbe qntnfh f}{nmu} id

ugn }u~enbu}‚ }nhd /mibmn{u fbe jenbujuz"

Qiajb ~}ne ugn dihhipjb` mgfqfmunqj}ujm} u

en}mqjan gjo}nhd<

61/znfq}/ihe hj`gu/}cjbbne

onej~o gnj`gu

ahfmc( }{jcz gfjq

ftnqf`n pnj`gu

uq~}upiqugz

mfho

i{ujoj}ujm

cjbe

}ofqu

hjcn} mio{~unq}( qjejb` ajcn( eijbòfug( jqqjufujb` gj} aj` aqiugnq(

‘Mgqj}ujfbjuz j} jo{iqufbu

anmf~}n ju `jtn} on fb

~benq}ufbejb` id oz {~q{i}n jb

‟




]nhd/Mibmn{u( Jenbujuz( Oiujtfujib

mibujb~ne ․

E~qjb` ugn jbunqtjnp( ugj} }u~enbu dqnv~nbuhz {f~}ne ui

mihhnmu gj} ugi~`gu}( idunb ofcjb` nzn mibufmu pjug ugn

}u~enbu fmqi}} ugn ufahn"

Mfonqib ~}ne ugn dihhipjb`

mgfqfmunqj}ujm} ui en}mqjan

gjo}nhd<

66/znfq}/ihe hj`gu/}cjbbne

ftnqf`n gnj`gu

biqofh pnj`gu

aqipb gfjq fbe nzn}

uq~}upiqugz

cjbe

}ofqu

gf{{z {nq}ib

i{ujoj}ujm

hjcn} diiuafhh(af}cnuafhh( {hfzjb` pjug

ei`( qnfejb` }mjnbmn/

djmujib( ofug

hjcn} }nqtjb` iugnq}(

gnh{jb` i~u pjug

hf~beqz( fbe miicjb`

mgjmcnb fhdqnei fbe

}{f`gnuuj

‘J‚o f gf{{z {nq}ib~bujh }ionaiez

‟



Gfhjdfw Mi~buz ^{{nq Nhnonbufqz Entnhi{onbufh [qilnmu< Pfhcnq $ Pj``jb} =:


mibujb~ne ․

Ugj} }u~enbu pf} tnqz ofuunq/id/dfmu

jb gj} }{nnmg" Gn fh}i }{nbu oiqn ujon ugjbcjb` fai~u fbe

en}mqjajb` gj} {gz}jmfh mgfqfmunqj}ujm} ugfb jbunq{nq}ibfh"

Fhnwfbenq ~}ne ugn dihhipjb`

mgfqfmunqj}ujm} ui en}mqjan

gjo}nhd<

:/znfq}/ihe

efqc/}cjbbne

hiu} id efqc gfjq

ftnqf`n pnj`gu

}giqu

efqc nzn}

{hfzd~h

jbunhhj`nbu

bjmn

hjcn} ui {hfz tjeni `fon}(

pfumg UT( }cfunaifqe( ui

ei ofug

tfh~n} ne~mfujib( dfojhz(

fbe dqjnbe}

‘J‚o bjmn ui {ni{hn

pgi fqn bjmn ui on"

Zi~ cbip // ‗ei ~bui

iugnq} f} zi~ pi~he

gftn ugno ei ~bui

zi~‚"‟





mibujb~ne ․

Jbunq{qnufujib< J pf} f hjuuhn }~q{qj}ne az ugn }nhd/en}mqj{ujib} ugfu }u~enbu} `ftn id

ugno}nhtn} e~qjb` fb jbunqtjnp" Ibn mgjhe pf} F}jfb/ Fonqjmfb3 ugn iugnq upi pnqn

Fdqjmfb/Fonqjmfb" Ugn ihen}u upi aiz} en}mqjane ugno}nhtn} f} ‘hj`gu /}cjbbne‟( fbe ugn

zi~b`n}u en}mqjane gjo}nhd f} ‘efqc /}cjbbne"‟ Ugj} }~``n}u} ugfu ugn}n }u~enbu} gftn biu

an`~b ui nw{hiqn ugnjq nugbjm jenbujujn}" J pibenq jd ugj} j} anmf~}n ugn }mgiih} ugnz fuunbe

fqn nugbjmfhhz gioi`nbi~} fbe ugnz fqn l~}u uqzjb` ui ahnbe jb fbe an {fqu id f `qi~{( iq jd

bnjugnq mgjhe pfbune ui {ijbu i~u fbiugnq ejddnqnbmn foib` ugno}nhtn} }jbmn ugnz fhqnfez

}nnone ui qnfhj|n ugfu ugnz }ufbe i~u dqio ugnjq hfq`nq {nnq `qi~{ jbunhhnmu~fhhz*"

Pgfu j} f ìie unfmgnq9 ']uqfun`z >">*

Pgfu j} f ìie unfmgnq9 Pgfu j} gn iq }gn hjcn9

Qiajb< F ìie unfmgnq j} f {i}jujtn ugjbcnq( gnh{d~h( fbe en{nbefahn" Ugnz unfmg zi~ ugn

nf}z pfz id eijb` ugjb`}" Ugnz‚qn dfjq" Ugnz hnu cje} ei ejddnqnbu ugjb`} af}ne ib gip ugnz

hnfqb"

Mfonqib< F ìie unfmgnq j} mfqjb`( uq~}upiqugz///zi~‚qn fahn ui uq~}u ugno( fbe dfjq" Ugnz

eib‚u }gip dftiqjuj}o"

Fhnwfbenq< F ìie unfmgnq j} f unfmgnq pgi gf} f hiu id fmujtn piqc fqnf} diq cje} fbe

nw{hfjb} ugjb`} jb f pfz ugfu ntnqzibn ~benq}ufbe}" F ìie unfmgnq }gip} zi~ pgfu ugnz




pfbu zi~ ui cbip" Hjcn( jd ugnz pfbu zi~ ui cbip pgfu f timfa~hfqz piqe j}( ugnz pib‚u

l~}u unhh zi~( ugnz pjhh fmu ju i~u" F ìie unfmgnq j} fh}i }ofqu"

Jbunq{qnufujib< Ihenq cje} oitne dqio ‘}ofqu ‟ fbe ‘gnh{d~h‟ ui ‘uq~}upiqugz‟( ‘dfjq‟( fbe

‘{i}jujtn ugjbcnq" ‘ Ugj} qndhnmu} ugn nwunbene piqe cbiphne`n {i}}n}}ne az ihenq

}u~enbu}" Biupjug}ufbejb`( ugnqn pnqn oiqn }jojhfqjujn} jb ugn }u~enbu}‚ en}mqj{ujib} id

en}jqfahn unfmgnq mgfqfmunqj}ujm} fmqi}} `qfen hntnh}"

Pgfu j} f dqjnbe9 ']uqfun`z >"7*

Pgfu j} f dqjnbe9

Mfonqib< F {nq}ib pgi gnh{} zi~ `nu ugqi~`g ìie fbe afe }ju~fujib}"

Qiajb< F {nq}ib pgi j} bjmn( cjbe( fbe uq~}upiqugz"

Fhnwfbenq< F dqjnbe j}․f {nq}ib pgi j} bjmn ui zi~ fbe pgi ein} biu uqnfu zi~ pjug

ej}qn}{nmu"

Ei zi~ gftn ofbz dqjnbe}9

Mfonqib< Bi․{ni{hn }nno ui hjcn cje} pgi fqn l~}u hjcn ugno"

Qiajb< Bi"

Fhnwfbenq< ^go․J ìu f dnp" J pi~heb‚u }fz f hiu" Ofzan djtn"

Gip ein} ugj} ofcn zi~ dnnh9

Mfonqib< ]ionujon} ju ofcn} on dnnh }fe///a~u ju }ufqu} ui }~a}jen fbe J dnnh anuunq

Qiajb< Ju ofcn} on dnnh }fe }ionujon}"

Fhnwfbenq< Ju ofcn} on dnnh gf{{z ui gftn }ionibn ugfu J mfb ufhc ui fbe {hfz pjug"




Unhh on fai~u f dqjnbe id zi~q} fbe pgz gn iq }gn j} zi~q dqjnbe9

Mfonqib< Qjmfqei anmf~}n gn‚} bjmn( uq~}upiqugz( cjbe․gn‚} f {nq}ib zi~ mfb unhh zi~q

}nmqnu} ui․gn pib‚u unhh fbzaiez"

Qiajb< Cnbbn}gf" ]gn‚} bjmn( gnh{d~h( fbe }ofqu"

Fhnwfbenq< Hjbc j} ibn ib oz dqjnbe}․zi~ }{nhh ugfu H/j/b/c " Gn‚} oz dqjnbe anmf~}n gn j}

bjmn․fbe gn‚} }ofqu․pfju․"jd J }fz gn j} }ofqu ugnb ju pi~he }i~be hjcn jd J }fz gn j} biu

}ofqu ugnb gn j} biu ìbbf on oz dqjnbe" Gn pi~he }ujhh an oz dqjnbe ntnb jd gn pf}b‚u ugfu

}ofqu․anmf~}n ju ein}b‚u ofuunq jd ugnz fqn }ofqu iq biu․"ju l~}u ofuunq} ugfu ugnz uqnfu

zi~ pjug qn}{nmu fbe fqn bjmn"

Pgz j} ju jo{iqufbu ui an hjcn ugfu9

Mfonqib< Jd zi~‚qn biu uq~}upiqugz( {ni{hn pib‚u unhh zi~ fbzugjb` fai~u ugno}nhtn}" Zi~

ofcn dqjnbe} az cbipjb` ugjb`} fai~u {ni{hn"

Qiajb< Jd zi~ fqn bjmn( zi~ pjhh an bjmn ui on" Anjb` gnh{d~h onfb} zi~ mfb gnh{ on jb f afe

}ju~fujib( fbe jd zi~ fqn gnh{d~h( zi~ mfb gnh{ on piqc i~u {qiahno}"

Fhnwfbenq< Jd zi~q dqjnbe} fqn biu bjmn fbe uqnfu zi~ pjug ej}qn}{nmu( ugnb ugnz fqn fhpfz}

ìjb` ui an onfb" Fbe pgi pfbu} f dqjnbe pgi‚} onfb9

J} ju bjmn ui gftn dqjnbe}9 )) Pgz j} ju jo{iqufbu ui gftn f dqjnbe9

Mfonqib< Zn}․zi~‚hh gftn {ni{hn ui gfb` fqi~be fbe ufhc ui" Ju dnnh} ìie fbe nwmjujb`" Ju

dnnh} afe pjugi~u ugno"

Qiajb< Zn}( ju‚} bjmn" Ugnz mfb gnh{ zi~ pjug zi~q `qi~{ piqc" Ugnz pib‚u ofcn zi~ dnnh

hibnhz" Ju dnnh} ìie ui gftn dqjnbe}"




Fhnwfbenq< Ju‚} biu qnfhhz jo{iqufbu ui gftn dqjnbe} anmf~}n zi~ eib‚u bnne dqjnbe}" Oz

oio unhh} on ugfu" A~u ju‚} bjmn ui gftn dqjnbe} anmf~}n zi~ mfb gftn }ionibn ui ufhc ui

fbe {hfz pjug"

J} ju jo{iqufbu ui gftn f hiu id dqjnbe} iq l~}u f dnp9 Pgz9

Mfonqib< Ofzan f dnp dqjnbe} a~u biu f hiu" Ugnz ofz gftn fq̀ ~onbu}( }{hju ~{( fbe ugnb

ugfu hnftn} on az oz}nhd"

Qiajb< F dnp dqjnbe}․zi~ mfb diq`nu fai~u ugno jd zi~ gftn uii ofbz" Jd ugnz }{hju jbui

`qi~{}( zi~ mfb‚u mgii}n"

Fhnwfbenq< F dnp dqjnbe}․"zi~ eib‚u gftn ui gftn f pgihn a~bmg id dqjnbe}" Jd zi~ gftn f

pgihn a~bmg id dqjnbe}( ju mfb `nu mqf|z" Jd ugnz fhh pfbune ui gftn f }hnn{itnq fu ugn }fon

ujon( zi~ pi~he gftn ui piqc fhh efz fbe fhh bj`gu ui dj`~qn i~u pgjmg ibn ui ì ui iq jd zi~

}gi~he l~}u aqjb` ntnqzaiez fbe ì ui ibn }hnn{itnq" Ju mi~he ofcn ugn iugnq {nq}ib dnnh

afe jd zi~ ejeb‚u mion ui ugnjq}"

Gip mfb zi~ unhh jd }ionibn j} f an}u dqjnbe9

Mfonqib< Ugnz gnh{ zi~ pjug {qiahno} zi~ fqn dfmjb`"

Qiajb< F an}u dqjnbe mfb gnh{ zi~ f hiu " F an}u dqjnbe mfb ofcn aiqneio ì fpfz" An}u

dqjnbe} fqn fqi~be f hiu" Ugnz fqn uq~}upiqugz"

Fhnwfbenq< Jd }ionibn j} zi~q an}u dqjnbe( ugnz fqn qnfhhz( qnfhhz( qnfhhz( qnfhhz( qnfhhz( qnfhhz(

bjmn fbe ugnz uqnfu zi~ pjug qn}{nmu․f hiu id qn}{nmu"

Gip j} ugj} ejddnqnbu dqio l~}u f dqjnbe9

Qiajb< F qn`~hfq dqjnbe pjhh l~}u an biqofh" Ugnz pib‚u gfb` fqi~be on uii o~mg" Ugnz

ofz dj`gu iq fq`~n pjug on oiqn"




Mfonqib< s[f~}n} diq }ntnqfh oionbu} J eib‚u cbip"

Fhnwfbenq< Anmf~}n biqofh dqjnbe} l~}u uqnfu zi~ pjug biqofh qn}{nmu․"l~}u

biqofh"""'lnn}g․"gip mfb J nw{hfjb ugj}*․""fbe ugnz uqnfu zi~ bjmn( a~u biu qnfhhz( qnfhhz

bjmn"

V~fhjuz id [nnq Qnhfujib}gj{} ']uqfun`z >":*

Bfon ugqnn }u~enbu} jb zi~q mhf}} ugfu zi~ hjcn ui {hfz)ei ugjb`} pjug oi}u id ugn ujon9

Pgz9

Qiajb< Cnbbn}gf( Oibjv~n( Mfonqib" Ugnz fqn bjmn fbe gnh{d~h" Ugnz hjcn ui ei ugnjq piqc"

Mfonqib< Cnbbn}gf( Qiajb( Qjmfqei" Ugnz fqn cjbe" Ugnz ei ugnjq piqc"

Fhnwfbenq< Li}g~f G"( anmf~}n gn‚} biu f onfb cje hjcn }ion cje}" Fbe ugfu {qnuuz o~mg

ìn} diq ntnqzaiez ugfu J piqc pjug( hjcn Li}g~f [" fbe @faaz" Ugnz ̀ nu ìie `qfen} fhh ugn

ujon( ugnz fqn biu onfb( fbe ugnz fqn bjmn"

Bfon ugqnn }u~enbu} jb zi~q mhf}} ugfu zi~ eib‚u {hfz)ei ugjb`} pju g o~mg fu fhh"

Pgz9

Qiajb< D~qbjccjf( Ofqv~nuun( Bzcnno" Ugnz fqn mqf|z"

Mfonqib< D~qbjccjf( Bzcnno( Ln}}jmf" Ugnz fqn hi~e․"ugnz ofcn uii o~mg uqi~ahn"

Fhnwfbenq< Efhhf}( Lfzhfbe( fbe Czf}jf" Ugnz fqn ( pfju jd J }fz ugj} ju pjhh an qnfhhz

onfb․"ic․"ic*․ugnz fqn onfb( ugnz fqn fhpfz} jb uqi~ahn( fbe ugnz fqn biu }ofqu pgjmg

onfb} ugnz fhpfz} mi{z fbe {hfz uii o~mg"




Ugn }~qtnz faitn jbejmfun} ugfu ‘mgjheqnb pgi l~e`n f mhf}}ofun‚} angftjiq {i}jujtnhz iq

bn`fujtnhz․ofz diqo f `nbnqfh jo{qn}}jib id ugn mhf}}ofun fbe fmu jb fmmiqefbmn pjug

ugfu jo{qn}}jib"‟ 'Efbjnh}( Anf~oibu( Eiihjb( :0* [fqujmj{fbu} {qnejmune ugfu ugn ‘biu

}ofqu‟ }u~enbu} pi~he biu {nqdiqo pnhh jb fmfenojm fmujtjujn}( a~u ei ic pjug }imjfh fbe

{gz}jmfh fmujtjujn}" [fqujmj{fbu} fh}i {qnejmune ugfu ugn ‘bjmn‟ }u~enbu} pi~he enoib}uqfun




anuunq }imjfh }cjhh} fbe {nqdiqo anuunq fmfenojmfhhz" E~qjb` ugn jbunqtjnp {qimn}}(

‘Cnbbn}gf‟ pf} qfune {i}jujtnhz jb ugj} }~qtnz fbe jenbujdjne f} ‘f dqjnbe‟ az upi id ugn

{fqujmj{fbu}" ]u ~enbu} {nqmnjtne az {fqujmj{fbu} f} ‘biu }ofqu‟ fbe ‘biu bjmn‟ pnqn biu

jenbujdjne f} dqjnbe}" Unfmgnq qn}{ib}n} fbe miiqejbfujib id gnunqi`nbni~} `qi~{

fmujtjujn} }gi~he mi~bunqfmu ugn}n onbufh {qimn}}n} fbe {qioiun jbmh~}jib foib`}u

}u~enbu}"

Mi`bjujtn Entnhi{onbu

Jbunqtjnpnq< Zihfbef Pj``jb}

^}jb` ugn ‘[hfbbjb` fbe [qiahno/]ihtjb`‟ ia}nqtfujib uiih dqio ^benq}ufbejb`

Mgjheqnb< Fb Jbunqtjnp fbe Ia}nqtfujib @~jen diq Ne~mfuiq}( J }u~ejne ugn mi`bjujtn

entnhi{onbu id fb 66/znfq ihe djdug `qfenq / Fbbf" Djq}u J {qn}nbune gnq pjug di~q ejddnqnbu

of|n} fbe gfe gnq }ufqu pjug pgfu }gn ugi~`gu pf} ugn nf}jn}u ibn }nn Of|n -6 ib bnwu

{f`n*" ]gn aqnn|ne ugqi~`g ugj} of|n fbe oitne ib ui ugn bnwu gfqen}u ibn Of|n -1*"

]gn uiic =; }nmibe} id {hfbbjb` ujon fbe mio{hnune ugn of|n jb =; }nmibe} pjug ibhz ibn

pqib` u~qb"

Gipntnq( ugn ugjqe of|n {qitne ui an oiqn ejddjm~hu( n}{nmjfhhz mib}jenqjb` pn

ej}mitnqne ugnqn pf} bi {i}}jahn pfz ui }ihtn ugn of|n" Ugn djdug `qfenq pf} }~{{i}ne ui

gnh{ Mgqj}ui{gnq Mih~oa~} `nu ui ugn Jbejn} Of|n -=*" ]gn }{nbu 6; ojb~un} }u~ezjb` ugn

of|n dqio fhh ejqnmujib} uqfmjb` jof`jbfqz hjbn} fbe ntnb piqcjb` afmcpfqe} dqio ugn

Jbejn}" ]gn pqjbchne gnq nznaqip}( }u~mc gnq uib`~n jb gnq mgnnc iq i~u id ibn }jen id gnq

oi~ug pgjhn mibmnbuqfujb`" ]ion id gnq mioonbu} jbmh~ene< ‘Ugj} ibn j} pnjqe"‟ ‘Ju‚} uii

mibd~}jb`" J mfb‚u unhh pgnqn ugn pfunq j}"‟ ‘J eib‚u hjcn ugj} ibn"‟ ‘Ugnqn‚} bi pfz ui `nu




ugnqn"‟ ‘Ju‚} jo{i}}jahn"‟ ]gn djbfhhz mibmh~ene ugfu }gn mi~he biu }ihtn ugn of|n 'Of|n -5*

fbe oitne ib ui ugn djbfh ibn" Fbbf uiic fai~u upi ojb~un} id {hfbbjb` ujon" ]gn

uiicfai~u = ojb~un} ui djbj}g ugn of|n" ]gn eje biu ufcn pqib` u~qb}( gipntnq pgnb }gn

mfon ui f }{iu pgnqn ugnqn pnqn upi {i}}jahn ejqnmujib}( }gn }ui{{ne fbe }u~ejne ugn upi

{i}}jahn pfz} ui enunqojbn ugn miqqnmu ibn"

Of|n -6Of|n -1

Of|n -= Of|n -5




Ugn qn}~hu} pnqn ib ufq`nu pjug mgfqfmunqj}ujm} uz{jmfh id ihenq mgjheqnb" Ugnz unbe

ui ofcn nhfaiqfun {hfb} fbe dnpnq oj}ufcn} f} f qn}~hu jb mio{fqj}ib pjug mgjheqnb f`ne

di~q ui }ntnb pgi unbe ui ofcn {fqujfh {hfb}( {qimnne ib of|n} fbe ugnb miqqnmu ugnjq

oj}ufcn} f} ugnz ì" ']jen biun< pn hfunq ej}mitnqne ugn qnfh {ijbu id ugn ‘Mgqj}ui{gnq

Mih~oa~}‟ of|n" Gn ofen ju ui Fonqjmf andiqn qnfmgjb` gj} iqj`jbfh en}ujbfujib / ugn

Jbejn}" Ugn licn pf} ib ~}"*

Feejujibfh Jbunqtjnp}

Jbunqtjnp pjug Lfon} G~bunq(

Biqug Mfqihjbf Hjmnb}ne [qidn}}jibfh Mi~b}nhiq

Bfujibfh Aifqe Mnqujdjne Mi~b}nhiq

Az Gi{n Pfhcnq

[hnf}n biun< Ugn dihhipjb` jbdiqofujib j} af}ne ib fb jbunqtjnp pjug Lfon} G~bunq" F} ugn

5># ojb~un mibtnq}fujib pf} tnqz bfu~qfh fbe dqnn dhipjb`( J gn}jufun ui ~}n ugn uz{jmfh V fbe

F diqofu"

Pgnb f}cne ui en}mqjan j} qihn fbe qn}{ib}jajhjujn} fu Jbaiqenb Nhnonbufqz( Oq" G~bunq

pf} v~jmc ui ena~bc ugn dihhipjb` ozug}<

Ozug - 6< ]mgiih mi~b}nhiq} fqn ugnqf{j}u}

^bhjcn f`nbmz mi~b}nhiq} pgi i{nqfun ~benq ugn onejmfh oienh id mi~b}nhjb` az {qitjejb`

ejf`bi}j}( uqnfuonbu( onejmfujib( fbe ugnqf{n~ujm uqnfuonbu( }mgiih mi~b}nhiq} fqn biu

ugnqf{j}u" Ugnz fqn biu qn}{ib}jahn diq {qitjejb` jbunb}n mi~b}nhjb` biq fqn ugnz fahn ui

ejf`bi}n f mgjhe pjug f hnfqbjb` iq noiujibfh ej}iqenq" Gipntnq( }mgiih mi~b}nhiq} fhib`




pjug mhf}}qiio unfmgnq}* fqn ugn djq}u hjbn id endnb}n pgnb ju mion} ui jenbujdzjb` }u~enbu}

pgi ofz bnne ugnqf{z fbe)iq ejf`bi}ujm un}ujb` fbe uqnfuonbu diq onbufh fbe)iq

angftjiqfh ej}iqenq} iq uqf~ofujm ntnbu}" J idunb }{nbe ujon nw{hfjbjb` ugj} ui aiug

{fqnbu} fbe unfmgnq} pgi ofz }ionujon} ugjbc ugfu J fo biu eijb` oz lia anmf~}n J dfjh ui

{qitjen․" ui ugno( ju hiic} hjcn pn fqnb‚u eijb` fbzugjb`"

Ozug -1< ]mgiih mi~b}nhiq} fqn un}u miiqejbfuiq}

Ofbz {fqnbu}( unfmgnq}( fbe }mgiih feojbj}uqfuiq} ei biu cbip ugn uq~n qihn id ugn }mgiih

mi~b}nhiq" Ug~}( mi~b}nhiq} fqn idunb qnv~jqne ui ufcn ib ‘iugnq‟ uf}c} }~mg f}

miiqejbfujb` }ufbefqej|ne un}ujb`( mi~b}nhjb` }u~enbu} pgi ej}{hfz }ntnqn noiujibfh

{qiahno}( fbe iugnq uf}c} diq pgjmg ugnqn j} bi iddjmjfh en}j`bnn" ]mgiih mi~b}nhiq} fqn

biu un}ujb` miiqejbfuiq}" Znu( e~n ui ugn i~u}ufbejb` enejmfujib id mi~b}nhiq} ugqi~`gi~u

Gfhjdfw Mi~buz }mgiih}( }mgiih mi~b}nhiq} fqn pjhhjb` ui ‘ei pgfu bnne} ui an eibn"‟

Ozug -=< Nhnonbufqz ]mgiih Mi~b}nhiq} {nqdiqo ugn }fon uf}c} jb ugn }fon ofbbnqqn`fqehn}} id himfujib

Ugn }mgiih m~hu~qn fbe nbtjqibonbu idunb ejmufun} ugn qihn fbe ìfh} id f mi~b}nhiq" Jd ugn

}mgiih gf} }uqib` mioo~bjuz fbe {fqnbufh jbtihtnonbu( gj`g hntnh} id fmfenojm }~mmn}}(

fbe dnp angftjiq j}}~n}( ugn }mgiih mi~b}nhiq mfb dim~} gj} iq gnq nddiqu} ib enhjtnqjb`

jb}uq~mujib ib mgfqfmunq entnhi{onbu fbe hj}unbjb`" A~u jb f hip {itnquz fqnf pgnqn

ez}d~bmujibfh dfojhjn} fqn ugn qnhfujtn biqo( aiug }u~enbu} anbndju dqio jbejtje~fh

mi~b}nhjb`" Jb ofbz mf}n}( }u~enbu} fbe)iq ugnjq {fqnbu} pjug }ntnqn noiujibfh fbe

entnhi{onbufh bnne} fqn qnmioonbene diq dihhip/~{ mfqn az fb i~u}jen f`nbmz"



Gfhjdfw Mi~buz ^{{nq Nhnonbufqz Entnhi{onbufh [qilnmu< Pfhcnq $ Pj``jb} >;

Oiqnitnq( f }mgiih mi~b}nhiq'} hjmnb}n j} diq C/61" Fb nhnonbufqz }mgiih mi~b}nhiq mfb l~}u

f} nf}jhz an iq gftn annb f gj`g }mgiih iq ojeehn }mgiih mi~b}nhiq f} ugn }nqtjmn} gftn ugn

}fon mibunbu( a~u hiic} ejddnqnbuhz" Ugjbc< {~qnne mgjmcnb t}" mgjmcnb b~``nu} t}" ugj`g}

aqnf}u} fbe hn`}"*

Fdunq Oq" G~bunq mhnfqne ~{ f dnp }j`bjdjmfbu j}}~n} }~qqi~bejb` gj} qihn( gn nw{hfjbne pgfu

gn fmu~fhhz ein} pjug)diq ugn ~{{nq nhnonbufqz }mgiih mgjheqnb fbe {fqnbu} fu Jbaiqenb

Nhnonbufqz ]mgiih"

Pgfu fqn ugn miooib {qiahno} ugfu mi~b}nhiq} mifmg cje} ugqi~`g fu ugn ~{{nq

nhnonbufqz hntnh9

‘]ion id ugn miooib {qiahno} ugfu mi~b}nhiq} gnh{ cje} enfh pjug fqn ugi}n jbtihtjb`

qnhfujib}gj{} fbe mibdhjmu qn}ih~ujib" S]ion_ {ni{hn gnqn l~}u eib‚u `nu fhib` pjug nfmg

iugnq․ugnqn j} hiu} id ez}d~bmujib jb unqo} id qnhfujib}gj{}" Pn gftn cje} pgi gftn ugn

}fon efe} a~u ejddnqnbu oio}․ugnz }nn ugnjq {fqnbu} jbtihtne jb qnhfujibfh eqfof fu gion

fbe jb ugn }uqnnu} fbe ugnz Sugn mgjheqnb_ aqjb` ugfu ui }mgiih" Ugnz gftn {qiahno} pjug

ugnjq ‘aqiugnq}‟ fbe ‘}j}unq}"‟ I~q cje} qnfhhz bnne gnh{ pjug hnfqbjb` gip ui `nu fhib` pjug

nfmg iugnq3 ugnz bnne gnh{ pjug mibdhjmu qn}ih~ujib"‟

Pgfu fqn }ion i~u}jen {qiahno} ugfu ofz bn`fujtnhz fddnmu }u~enbu {nqdiqofbmn(

oiujtfujib( fbe }nhd/n}unno jb ugn mhf}}qiio9Hjtjb` jb f hip {itnquz fqnf․" ugj} g~qu} anmf~}n ugnz fqnb‚u nw{i}ne ui tnqz o~mg fbe ugj}

mf~}n} enhfz} jb mi`bjujtn ofu~qjuz" Ugnqn j} fh}i f hf` jb ofu~qjuz e~n ui {iiq {fqnbujb`"

Ugn ofliqjuz id i~q {fqnbu} Sfu ugj} }mgiih_ ei biu gftn f mihhn`n ne~mfujib3 ofbz hfmc f

gj`g }mgiih ej{hiof" Ugnqndiqn ugn {fqnbu} fqn fh}i angjbe mi`bjujtnhz fbe }imjfhhz(



Gfhjdfw Mi~buz ^{{nq Nhnonbufqz Entnhi{onbufh [qilnmu< Pfhcnq $ Pj``jb} >6

Fbiugnq j}}~n j} uqfb}{iqufujib" Gfhjdfw ein}b‚u gftn f }uqib` mi~buz/ pjen uqfb}{iqufujib

}z}uno" Ugj} onfb} ugfu {fqnbu} ei biu gftn fmmn}} ui qn}i~qmn} ugfu fqn ftfjhfahn ui ugno"

Jd {fqnbu} mfb‚u fmmn}} ugn }nqtjmn}( ugnz ofz biu an fahn ui `nu }u~enbu} ugn gnh{ ugnz bnne"

]i ugnb( pgfu ein} ‘mi~b}nhjb`‟ hiic hjcn diq }u~enbu} jb `qfen} =/>9

F} {fqu id ugn F]MF oienh( pgjmg {qitjen} f dqfonpiqc diq mi~b}nhiq}( pn fqn }~{{i}ne ui

entnhi{ f mio{qngnb}jtn {hfb ugfu mnbunq} ib {nq}ibfh/}imjfh `qipug( mfqnnq {fug}( fbe

fmfenojm `qipug

Jb ugn }{gnqn id [nq}ibfh/]imjfh) Mibdhjmu Qn}ih~ujib J }{nbe ugn ujon gnh{jb` cje} piqc ib

ugnjq {nq}ibfh /}imjfh }cjhh} fbe mibdhjmu qn}ih~ujib" J fmu~fhhz }{nbe oi}u id oz ujon gnqn(

piqcjb` pjug jbejtje~fh }u~enbu}" F`fjb( ugj} j} mi~b}nhjb`( biu ugnqf{z" Ju‚} biu jbunb}jtn"

Ju‚} biu hib`" Diq nwfo{hn( jd f mgjhe dj`gu}( `nu} cjmcne i~u id }mgiih( fbe qnu~qb}( pn }ju

ugno eipb fbe gftn f ufhc" Jd gn }fz} }ionugjb` hjcn ‘ J ugjbc pgfu J eje pf} pqib`․" J

}gi~he gftn uihe ugn unfmgnq iq l~}u pfhcne fpfz․‟ ugnb ugnz fqn dqnn ui ì" A~u jd f mgjhe

}ujhh gf}b‚u dj`~qne i~u gip ui }ihtn ugn {qiahno fbe j} }ujhh }fzjb` ugjb`} hjcn ‘ ]i․" J‚hh dj`gu

gjo f`fjb․‟ iq ‘J eib‚u mfqn․ ‘ fbe pn mfb mhnfqhz }nn ugfu ugnqn fqn }ujhh }ion j}}~n}( pn

gftn ui gnh{ ugfu mgjhe hnfqb ui {nfmnd~hhz qn}ihtn ugn j}}~n" J }ionujon} djbe gfu ugn}n cje}

bnne gnh{ pjug }nhd/n}unno j}}~n} fbe bnne} ui entnhi{ mibdhjmu qn}ih~ujib }cjhh}"

Ugnb ugnqn‚} ugn }{gnqn id mfqnnq {fug}" Jb ugj} mf{fmjuz( J oj`gu aqjb` jb `~n}u }{nfcnq}(

jbuqie~mn tfqji~} mfqnnq {fug}( fbe nb`f`n }u~enbu} jb }u~ezjb` }nqtjmn {nq}ibbnh" J'tn

eibn ugj} pgnb unfmgnq} pnqn unfmgjb` ugn mioo~bjuz }nqtjmn ~bju" Pn‚tn gfe {ihjmn




iddjmnq}( b~q}n}( djqnonb( ofjh mfqqjnq}( fbe ugn hjcn

mion jb ui ufhc pjug }u~enbu}" Pn‚tn fh}i gfe Mfqnnq

Efz}( Mfqnnq Dfjq}( fbe Mfqnnq Pnnc} ugfu dnfu~qne

ejddnqnbu fmujtjujn} nfmg efz" J‚tn fh}i jbmiq{iqfun

unmgbihi`z jbui ugj} {fqu id oz piqc ~}jb` [fp} jb

Liahfbe( pgjmg j} f `qnfu qn}i~qmn ib ppp" mdbm"iq`"

Fmfenojmfhhz( pn ufcn f {qifmujtn f{{qifmg ui nfqhz jbunqtnbujib az ofcjb` ~}n id fb nfqhz

jbunqtnbujib {hfb" Pn gftn fb jbunqtnbujib hj}u ugfu jbmh~en} }u~enbu} jb ̀ qfen} C/1"

Jb}unfe id pfjujb` diq ugno ui qnfmg ugn f`n diq f qndnqqfh }u~enbu} mfbu an ntfh~fune diq

NM ~bujh =qe `qfen*( pn piqc mhi}nhz pjug unfmgnq} ui jenbujdz cje} pgi fqn }uq~``hjb`"

Andiqn gftjb` ugno ntfh~fune iq un}une( pn ufhc ui ugn cje}( ugn {fqnbu}( fbe ugn unfmgnq} ui

}nn pgfu‚} ìjb` ib" Fhugi~`g zi~ ofz biu anhjntn ju( cje} pjhh ~}~fhhz ì fgnfe fbe unhh zi~

‘ J mfb‚u qnfe"‟ iq ‘J l~}u eib‚u ~benq}ufbe ugj}"‟ Dqio ugj} {ijbu( pn enunqojbn pgnqn ugn

mgjhe j}( pgnqn ugnz bnne ui an( fbe gip pn fqn ìjb` ui gnh{ gjo `nu ugnqn" Ju‚} ~}~fhhz l~}u

f ofuunq id `nuujb` oiqn u~uiqjb` iq piqcjb` pjug f tih~bunnq" Pn gftn f }uqib` bnupiqc

id tih~bunnq} pgi gnh{ i~u"

Jb unqo} id fmfenojm}( pgfu oiujtfun} }u~enbu} jb ugj} f`n `qi~{9

[qfj}n piqc}" Bn`fujtn fuuju~en} eib‚u" Jd zi~ djbe }ion pfz ui mio{hjonbu f mgjhe

ntnqzefz( ntnbu~fhhz ugnz pjhh }ufqu }nncjb` zi~ i~u anmf~}n ugnz hjcn ugn pfz zi~ ofcn

ugno dnnh"



Gfhjdfw Mi~buz ^{{nq Nhnonbufqz Entnhi{onbufh [qilnmu< Pfhcnq $ Pj``jb} >=

U~qb ugnjq bn`fujtn fuuqja~un} jbui f {i}jujtn" J ibmn gfe f qfugnq ufhcfujtn hjuuhn `jqh jb ibn

id ugn mhf}}n} J tj}june" Ugj} mgjhe l~}u hitne ui ufhc" Pgfu J pi~he ei j} ufhc ui gnq fai~u

anmiojb` fb fuuiqbnz" Fbe ugnb J an`fb ui hnu gnq bn ugn ibn ui i{nb fbe mhi}n ugn mhf}}

ej}m~}}jib}" Pgnb J eje ugfu( }gn ejeb‚u ufhc f} o~mg e~qjb` ugn hn}}ib( {h~} }gn nb`f`ne

gnq mhf}}ofun}"

Unfmgnq} gftn ui an mqnfujtn" Ugnz mfb jbmqnf}n oiujtfujib az mgfb`jb` ~{ ugnjq hn}}ib}"

Unfmgnq JbunqtjnpOfqz Pfqqnb / Ugjqe @qfen Unfmgnq fu Gihhj}unq NhnonbufqzJbunqtjnpnq< Zihfbef Pj``jb}

Pgfu fqn }ion id ugn mgfhhnb`n} pjug unfmgjb` mgjheqnb jb ugn ugjqe `qfen9

Ugn }u~enbu} }ujhh pfbu f hiu id gnh{" Ugnjq {fqnbu} fh}i ‘afaz‟ ugno }i ugnz hiic diq zi~( f}

f unfmgnq( ui ei ugn }fon"

Pgfu fqn }ion id ugn liz} id unfmgjb` }u~enbu} ugj} f`n9

Pgnb ugfu hj`gu ìn} idd pgnb ugnz `nu f hn}}ib iq mibmn{u ugfu zi~ fqn uqzjb` ui unfmg

ugno*"

Fh}i( ugnz fqn }i nf`nq ui hnfqb"

Pgfu fetjmn pi~he zi~ `jtn diq unfmgjb` ugj} f`n `qi~{9

Zi~ gftn ìu ui mfqn fai~u ugn cje}" Ju j} fhh fai~u ugn qnhfujib}gj{} zi~ a~jhe pjug ugno"

Zi~ fh}i gftn ui an mqnfujtn"




[qjbmj{fh JbunqtjnpFhhnb ]hne`n ” Gihhj}unq Nhnonbufqz ]mgiihJbunqtjnpnq< Zihfbef Pj``jb}

Pgfu fqn ugn liz} ui anjb` fb nhnonbufqz }mgiih {qjbmj{fh9

J hitn ugn mioojuonbu ui hnfqbjb` ugfu nhnonbufqz }mgiih }u~enbu} gftn ” ugnjq nf`nqbn}}"

Ugnqn fqn biu f} ofbz ej}mj{hjbn {qiahno} fu ugn nhnonbufqz }mgiih hntnh"

Piqe id fetjmn< zi~ gftn ìu ui `nu ui cbip ugn mgjheqnb" J ofcn oz}nhd tj}jahn< `qnnujb`

ugno jb ugn oiqbjb`( ìjb` jbui ugn mhf}}n}( tj}jujb` pjug }u~enbu} jb ugn mfdnunqjf fbe }nn

ugno fu ugn mhi}n id ugn efz"

Pgfu fqn }ion mgfhhnb`n} ui anjb` fb nhnonbufqz }mgiih {qjbmj{fh9

Gj`g/}ufcn} un}ujb`" ^bdiqu~bfunhz( }ion {fqnbu} eib‚u tfh~n ne~mfujib" Zi~ gftn ui hiic

fu ugjb`} gihj}ujmfhhz fbe ofcn enmj}jib} af}ne ib mgjheqnb biu fe~hu}"

]imjfh Piqcnq Jbunqtjnp

O}" ]fbenq}

Gi{n Pfhcnq

[hnf}n en}mqjan zi~q qihn f} ugn }mgiih‚} ]imjfh Piqcnq"

Oz ìfh f} ugn }mgiih }imjfh piqcnq j} ui fhhntjfun afqqjnq} ugfu jbunqdnqn pjug }u~enbu}

`nuujb` ui }mgiih fbe anjb` }~mmn}}d~h" Ugj} ofz qnv~jqn on ui ofcn qndnqqfh} ui ejddnqnbu

f`nbmjn} ugfu gnh{ ugnjq {fqnbu} }nm~qn diie( mhiugjb`( fbe gi~}jb`" Bipfefz}( }ion

qn}i~qmn} fqn hjojune" ]i {ni{hn oj`gu bnne gnh{ pgnb ugnjq hj`gu ajhh `nu} m~u idd iq pgnb



Gfhjdfw Mi~buz ^{{nq Nhnonbufqz Entnhi{onbufh [qilnmu< Pfhcnq $ Pj``jb} >>

ugnz bnne diie" J uqz ui ei ntnqzugjb` J mfb ui mibbnmu }u~enbu} fbe ugnjq {fqnbu} ui

qn}i~qmn} ugfu pjhh gnh{ ugno onnu ugnjq {gz}jmfh bnne}"

J fh}i onnu pjug ejddnqnbu f`nbmjn} ibmn f oibug ui ej}m~}} pfz} ui gnh{" Fhh ftfjhfahn

f`nbmjn} jb ugn fqnf fqn qn{qn}nbune fu ugn}n onnujb`}" ]i pgnb ugnqn j} f dfojhz pjug f

{fqujm~hfqhz }ujmcz }ju~fujib( J mfb `nu gnh{" J eib‚u onbujib ugn bfon} id dfojhjn}" ]ion

f`nbmjn} ugfu fqn qn{qn}nbune jbmh~en ugn Mioo~bjuz Mgjhe [qiunmujtn Unfo( E]]

'En{fquonbu id ]imjfh ]nqtjmn}*( Fb`nh‚} Mhi}nu( eion}ujm fa~}n }gnhunq}( ugn gnfhug

en{fquonbu( MFEF( fbe Dfjug Gi~}n"

Gip ei dfojhjn} hnfqb fai~u zi~ fbe fhh id ugn}n qn}i~qmn}9

Iugnq f`nbmjn} oj`gu qndnq ugno ui on" Iq }ionujon} cje} `jtn jbejmfuiq} e~qjb` ugn

mi~q}n id f mibtnq}fujib" ]ionujon} {fqnbu} fbe unfmgnq} }nbe }uq~``hjb` {fqnbu} ui on f}

pnhh" A~u ugn {qiahno j} uqfb}{iqufujib" Oi}u }nqtjmn} fqn jb Qifbicn Qf{je}" Gfhjdfw

Mi~buz ein}b‚u gftn f of}} uqfb}ju }z}uno" ]~qn( {fqnbu} mfb `nu ui ugn ofhh fbe iugnq

{hfmn} ugnz pfbu ui ì( a~u ugnz eib‚u gftn fmmn}} ui {hfmn} hjcn MFEF"

Pgfu pf} ibn id zi~q {qjiqjujn} diq ugj} }mgiih znfq9

Fuunbefbmn․i~q dim~} gf} annb ib fuunbefbmn" Pn ~}ne ui gftn f uq~fbmz iddjmnq diq ugfu

a~u pjug a~e`nu m~u}( bip J gftn ui gfbehn ju" Fuunbefbmn j} f aj` j}}~n" Ju idunb hnfe} ui

iugnq j}}~n}" ]ionujon} zi~ oj`gu ì ui f gi~}n fbe ej}mitnq ugfu f mgjhe gf} annb oj}}jb`

efz} anmf~}n ugn hj`gu} gftn annb u~qbne idd fbe ugnz eib‚u gftn mhnfb mhiugn}"




Pgfu fai~u gionhn}} mgjheqnb9 Fqn ugnqn fbz gionhn}} mgjheqnb jb ugn }mgiih} zi~

}nqtjmn9 Jd }i( gip ei zi~ f}}j}u ugnjq {fqnbu}9

Ugnqn fqn m~qqnbuhz fai~u djtn gionhn}} dfojhjn} fu Nbdjnhe Ojeehn ]mgiih fbe fai~u ugqnn

fu Jbaiqenb Nhnonbufqz ]mgiih" Gionhn}} ein}b‚u bnmn}}fqjhz onfb ugfu ugnz fqn hjtjb` jb f

mfq3 ju oj`gu onfb ugfu ugnz fqn hjtjb` pjug qnhfujtn} anmf~}n ugn {fqnbu} ofz gftn hi}u

ugnjq gion} iq annb ntjmune"

J fh}i gnh{ miiqejbfun }nqtjmn} diq gionhn}} }u~enbu}" Jd f {fqnbu j} gionhn}} fbe gf} ui

hjtn jb ugn }gnhunq jb Qifbicn Qf{je}( }gn mfb mgii}n ui }ujhh }nbe gnq mgjhe gnqn" Pgnb ugfu

gf{{nb}( J gftn ui fqqfb`n uqfb}{iqufujib pjug ugn }mgiih" Ugj} fh}i f{{hjn} pgnb f dfojhz

j} hjtjb` jb f }gnhunq diq eion}ujmfhhz fa~}ne pionb" Pn gftn 1 nhnonbufqz }u~enbu} fqn

hjtjb` jb ugn}n mnbunq} bip"




T" [~uujb` ju Ui`nugnq

Tjeni Hjbc<

guu{<))mnetjeni"bm}~"ne~)tjnpYtjeni"{g{9tjnpcnz?:57am=:=0a5a=;e;n>0a

Ugj} tjeni hiic} fu gip i~q ej}uqjmu / Gfhjdfw Mi~buz ]mgiih}/ j} onnujb` ugn entnhi{onbufh

bnne} id }u~enbu} jb ~{{nq nhnonbufqz }mgiih"

Fu ugj} f`n jb entnhi{onbu( }u~enbu} }jo{hz pfbu }ionibn pgi mfqn} fai~u ugno f}

jbejtje~fh}" Ugnz pfbu dqjnbe} fbe fe~hu qihn oienh} pgi fqn uq~}upiqugz fbe cjbe" Ugnz

fqn i{nb ui qnmnjtjb` jb}uq~mujib fbe fqn }ujhh tnqz jbv~j}jujtn" F} ugj} }nno} ui an ugn f`n id

ej}mitnqz( gftjb` mfqjb`( mio{f}}jibfun unfmgnq} jb ugn mhf}}qiio j} f o~}u" Ui gihe ugnjq

jbunqn}u jb hnfqbjb`( ju j} nwuqnonhz mqjujmfh diq unfmgnq} ui nb`f`n ntnqz }u~enbu( ui hjoju

{nnq nwmh~}jib( fbe ui nbmi~qf`n mihhfaiqfujib fbe }~{{iqu" ]u~enbu} bnne ui }nn fbe dnnh

ugfu hnfqbjb` j} icfz( ugfu anjb` ‘}ofqu‟ j} miih( fbe ugfu dqjnbe} }~{{iqu nfmg iugnq"

J fh}i ugjbc ju‚} jo{iqufbu diq aiug unfmgnq fbe {fqnbu ui a~jhe ~{ f mgjhe‚} }nhd /

n}unno fbe b~qu~qn ugnjq m~qji}juz az `jtjb` ugno ugn dqnneio ui nw{hiqn fbe hnfqb dqio

ugnjq oj}ufcn}" [nqgf{} ugn oi}u efof`jb` ugjb` ugfu f unfmgnq iq {fqnbu mfb ei fu ugj}

}uf`n j} ofcn f mgjhe dnnh afe diq ofcjb` oj}ufcn} fbe ufcjb` jbunhhnmu~fh qj}c}" Diq

}u~enbu} ui gftn hib`/unqo }~mmn}} fbe jb fbe i~u id ugn mhf}}qiio( gn iq }gn o~}u gftn

o~huj{hn i{{iqu~bjujn} diq }~mmn}}"

http://cedvideo.ncsu.edu/view_video.php?viewkey=948bc3937b4b30d0e57b






TJ" Jo{hjmfujib} diq [qfmujmn

Qndhnmujtn Bfqqfujtn ” Gi{n Pfhcnq

Nb}~qn onfbjb`d~h fdunq }mgiih {qi`qfo} fbe nhnmujtn} ui di}unq }uqib` }imjfh fbe

noiujibfh entnhi{onbu"

]u~enbu} jb `qfen} =/4 fqn hnfqbjb` gip ui an }u~enbu}( gip ui hnfqb( fbe gip ui `nu fhib`

pjug fbe f{{qnmjfun nfmg iugnq" ]i jb feejujib ui }ihje m~qqjm~h~o fbe jb}uq~mujib fbe

}~{{iqujtn unfmgnq} fbe }ufdd( onfbjb`d~h fdunq }mgiih fbe mioo~bjuz {qi`qfoojb` ugfu

mio{hnonbu} mhf}}qiio jb}uq~mujib az fhhipjb` }u~enbu} ui nb`f`n pjug ugnjq {nnq}(

{i}jujtn fe~hu qihn} oienh} fbe ugn piqhe fqi~be ugno j} cnz"

Nddnmujtnhz ̂ ujhj|n ]mgiih Mi~b}nhiq}

Tnqz dnp }mgiih feojbj}uqfuiq} ufcn ugn ujon ui n}ufahj}g f dqfonpiqc diq ugn }mgiih

mi~b}nhiq" F} f qn}~hu( }mgiih mi~b}nhiq} fqn idunb ~ujhj|ne jb fqnf} ugfu nwunbe anzibe

ugnjq iddjmjfh lia e~uz ui }~mg fb nwunbu ugfu ugnz afqnhz gftn ujon ui {nqdiqo ugn uf}c} ugfu

ugnz pnqn gjqne ui ei" ]mgiih {qjbmj{fh} o~}u ~}n }mgiih mi~b}nhiq} diq ugn qj`gu qnf}ib"

Ugnz }gi~he }nu f}jen ujon ui onnu pjug ugn }mgiih mi~b}nhiq ui ej}m~}}( n}ufahj}g( fbe

f`qnn ~{ib ugn qihn}( ìfh}( fbe( qn}{ib}jajhjujn} id ugn }mgiih mi~b}nhiq" Fmmiqejb` ui Oq"

G~bunq( ‘ Pn Smi~b}nhiq}_ `nu {~}gne angjbe anmf~}n pn eib‚u gftn ujon ui ei pgfu pn fqn

}~{{i}ne ui ei․ }u~enbu} fbe {fqnbu} pgi qnfhhz bnne gnh{ eib‚u `nu gnh{ne" ]~mg fb

fmujib pi~he nb}~qn ugfu }mgiih mi~b}nhiq} fqn biu {~}gne ui ei ofbz uf}c} i~u}jen id

ugnjq iddjmjfh lia e~ujn}" Ugnz pi~he gftn ugn ujon ui ei pgfu ugnz fqn nw{nmune ui ei az

ugn En{fquonbu id [~ahjm Jb}uq~mujib< mibbnmu uqi~ahn cje} pjug {qi{nq qn}i~qmn}( {qitjen



Gfhjdfw Mi~buz ^{{nq Nhnonbufqz Entnhi{onbufh [qilnmu< Pfhcnq $ Pj``jb} >:

jbdiqofujib fai~u tfqji~} mfqnnq {fug}( enhjtnq jbejtje~fh fbe }ofhh `qi~{ `~jefbmn

}n}}jib}( jo{hnonbu mgfqfmunq entnhi{onbu {qi`qfo}"

Nb`f`n Mioo~bjuz jb ‘@qnfu Mibtnq}fujib}‟

Unfmgnq} anfq ugn a~qenb id unfmgjb` fhh }u~enbu} ui f gj`g hntnh pgjhn feeqn}}jb` f pjen

fqqfz id }imjfh( noiujibfh( fbe {gz}jmfh {qiahno} ugfu {hf`~n ofbz }u~enbu} jb i~q q~qfh

ej}uqjmu}" Ju j} bnfqhz jo{i}}jahn diq unfmgnq} fbe feojbj}uqfuiq} ui fenv~funhz onnu fhh id

ugn}n enofbe} pjugi~u mf~}jb` unfmgnq a~qbi~u fbe gj`g u~qbitnq qfun}" Ugn mioo~bjuz

o~}u an nb`f`ne" ]ufqujb` ugn ‘@qnfu Mibtnq}fujib‟ f} en}mqjane jb ugn Ofz 1;66 j}}~n id

Ne~mfujibfh Hnfenq}gj{ j} f o~mg bnnene }ufqujb` {ijbu jb i~q }mgiih ej}uqjmu f} oiqn ugfb

l~}u ugn dfjugd~h dnp {fqnbu} fbe mioo~bjuz onoanq} bnne ui an nb`f`ne" ]uf`jb` f }nqjn}

id mibtnq}fujib} fbe onnujb` ugn mioo~bjuz pgnqn ugnz fqn diq ugn {~q{i}n id

n}ufahj}gjb` mioo~bjuz ~benq}ufbejb` id pgz ju‚} jo{iqufbu ui gnh{ qntnfh ugn {iunbujfh id

ntnqz mgjhe( a~jhejb` mioo~bjuz uq~}u jb ugn {qidn}}jibfh} jb i~q }mgiih}( }nm~qjb`

mioo~bjuz {nqoj}}jib andiqn {qimnnejb` pjug mgfb`n jbjujfujtn}( fbe `fqbnqjb`

mioo~bjuz }~{{iqu ui mqnfun {i}jujtn hnfqbjb` nbtjqibonbu} fqn ugn di~q af}jm} id {~ahjm

}nbujonbu ugfu o~}u an feeqn}}ne jb ugn oitn diqpfqe" Pjug }~{{iqu fbe qn}i~qmn} dqio

ugn mioo~bjuz fu hfq`n( }mgiih} mfb an`jb ui jo{hnonbu }uqib`nq fdunq/}mgiih

{qi`qfoojb` fbe {fqnbu} mfb ufcn anuunq fetfbuf`n id nwj}ujb` qn}i~qmn}"




Mqnfun Mioo~bjuz ]mgiih}

U~qb }mgiih} jbui qn}i~qmn mnbunq} ugfu i{nb dqio : ui 61 ib ]fu~qefz}" Jbtjun

qn{qn}nbufujtn} dqio tfqji~} f`nbmjn} ui f}}j}u {fqnbu} pjug mio{hnujb` {f{nq piqc"

Mib}jenq {qitjejb` nbqjmgonbu fmujtjujn} diq }u~enbu}"

Qndhnmujtn Bfqqfujtn ” Zihfbef Pj``jb}

Mgjheqnb fu ugj} f`n fqn uq~hz nf`nq ui hnfqb fbe jbdh~nbmne oi}uhz az ugn fe~hu} jb

ugnjq hjtn}" F} fb nhnonbufqz }mgiih feojbj}uqfuiq( J mi~he mf{jufhj|n ib ugj} fbe gnh{ ui

a~jhe f }ihje di~befujib andiqn ugnz oitn ib ui ojeehn }mgiih" Cbipjb` ugn entnhi{onbufh

}uf`n} id cje} jb `qfen} ugqnn ugqi~`g }jw mfb gnh{ on ufjhiq {qidn}}jibfh entnhi{onbu diq

oz }ufdd"

F} f qn}~hu id ugj} {qilnmu( oz anhjnd ugfu hjunqfmz j} ugn di~befujib diq fhh hnfqbjb`

pf} d~qugnq mibdjqone" Fmmiqejb` ui f }u~ez( Fmgjntnonbu Uqf{< Gip Fonqjmf j} Dfjhjb`

Ojhhjib} id Gj`g/Fmgjntjb` ]u~enbu} dqio Hipnq/Jbmion Dfojhjn}( oiqn ugfb gfhd id hip/

jbmion }u~enbu} pgi fu ibn ujon pnqn gj`g fmgjntnq} jb qnfejb` pgjhn jb djq}u `qfen dfhh

angjbe az djdug `qfen" Pgz9 Hfmc id f hjunqfmz/qjmg nbtjqibonbu" ‘Ia}ufmhn} ui }u~enbu}

qnfmgjb` ugnjq {iunbujfh jbmh~en hjojune hjdn nw{nqjnbmn}( f hfmc id aiic} fbe jb}~ddjmjnbu

nw{i}~qn ui aiic}( fbe f hfmc id aiug fmmn}}jahn hjaqfqjn} fbe }ujo~hfujb` }~oonq

nw{nqjnbmn}(‟ pqiun Mgqj}ujbn Anmc jb ugn fqujmhn ‘Bi Oiqn Hi}u @qi~be‟ dqio Ne~mfujibfh

Hnfenq}gj{" Pgjhn ofbz id ugn hfb`~f`n fbe hjunqfmz mgfqfmunqj}ujm} imm~q bfu~qfhhz( ugnz

}ujhh bnne ui an b~qu~qne jb aiug }mgiih fbe fu gion"




F} fb nhnonbufqz }mgiih {qjbmj{fh( J mi~he gftn {fqnbujb` piqc}gi{} diq oiugnq} id

cje} id fhh f`n}" F }{nmjfh ufq`nu id ugn}n piqc}gi{} pi~he an {fqnbu} id jbdfbu} fbe

uieehnq} anmf~}n ugn fqujmhn }ufun}( ‘fb fm~un qnfejbn}} `f{ idunb an`jb} fu ajqug‟ fbe

‘mibujb~n} `qipjb` ~bujh }mgiih nbuqz"‟ Ugn}n piqc}gi{} mi~he dim~} ib ugi}n }cjhh} ugfu

ofbz hip/jbmion dfojhjn} fqn biu nw{i}ne ui }~mg f} ugn anbndju id qnfejb` ui zi~q mgjhe

fbe gip ui mqnfun hjunqfmz/qjmg nbtjqibonbu}" Uii idunb pn ofcn ugn oj}ufcn id f}}~ojb`

ugfu l~}u anmf~}n pn ei ugjb`} ugfu f{{nfq bfu~qfh ui ~}( ugfu ugnqn fqn }ion ugjb`} ugfu

{fqnbu} }gi~he l~}u cbip" A~u( {ni{hn idunb ojojm ugi}n ugjb`} ugnz }nn e~qjb` ugnjq

~{aqjb`jb`"

Zn}( pn fqn ej}m~}}jb`

~{{nq nhnonbufqz/f`ne cje} gnqn"

A~u( jd pn mi~he an {qifmujtn fbe

ufq`nu ugn {qiahno pgjhn jb ugn

{qntnbujtn }uf`n}( ju }ftn} ugn

ujon id anjb` qnfmujtn fbe

gftjb` ui {hfmn cje} jb

qnonejfujib mhf}}n} fbe {qi`qfo} pgnb jb ~{{nq nhnonbufqz( ojeehn fbe ntnb gj`g }mgiih"

Az ugnb( ugn }u~enbu}‚ en}jqn ui hnfqb gf} epjbehne fbe ju gfqe ui u~qb afmc ugn gfbe} id

ujon" Pn pi~he gftn ui piqc gfqe ui ufcn fpfz ugn nwm~}n}" Jd f {fqnbu ein}b'u gftn

uqfb}{iqufujib( pn pi~he gftn ui djbe ugn onfb} ui `nu ugno ugnqn" Jd f {fqnbu hfmc} ugn

hjunqfmz }cjhh} bnnene ui f}}j}u ugnjq mgjheqnb( pn mfb iddnq hjunqfmz mhf}}n} diq ugno" Jd f

{fqnbu dnnh} jbujojefune az }mgiih fbe ne~mfuiq} f} ofbz ei*( ugnb pn o~}u piqc ui ofcn

ugno dnnh miodiqufahn az djq}u tnbu~qjb` i~u ui ugno" Ui nb}~qn {fqujmj{fujib dqio ugn




{fqnbu} id ufq`nune mgjheqnb( oz }mgiih mi~he fh}i {fqubnq pjug mioo~bjuz/af}ne

{qi`qfo} fbe mg~qmgn} ui qnfmg i~u ui ugno fbe }uqn}} ugn jo{iqufbmn id hjunqfmz dqio fb

nfqhz f`n"

J fo qnojbene id oz m~qqnbu {qjbmj{fh Hjbef A~hh~mc ” Nbdjnhe Ojeehn ]mgiih* fbe

onbuiq‚} oiuui( ‘]u~enbu ]~mmn}} " " " Pgfuntnq Ju Ufcn}"‟ Pn gftn ui onnu i~q cje}‚

entnhi{onbufh bnne}( pgfuntnq ju ufcn}"



Qn}i~qmn} fbe Mjufujib}

Efbjnh}( Enbj}n G"( Hiqqjn L" Anf~oibu( fbe Mfqih F" Eiihjb" ^benq}ufbejb` Mgjheqnb< fb

Jbunqtjnp fbe Ia}nqtfujib @~jen diq Ne~mfuiq}" Ai}uib< Om@qfp/Gjhh Gj`gnq

Ne~mfujib( 1;;1" [qjbu"

Piie( Mgj{" Zfqe}ujmc}< Mgjheqnb jb ugn Mhf}}qiio( F`n} 5/65" U~qbnq} Dfhh}( OF< Biqugnf}u Di~befujib diq Mgjheqnb( 1;;0" [qjbu

Dnhuib( Cnh}nz F~`}u( fbe [fuqjmc Fci}" !Ugn ^{} fbe Eipb} id =qe @qfen"! Ne~mfujibfh

Hnfenq}gj{< Ugn Uqfb}jujib Znfq} F{qjh 47"0 1;66*< 17/=6" [qjbu"

Fbenq}ib( Ojcn" !Ugn Hnf{ jbui 5ug @qfen"! Ne~mfujibfh Hnfenq}gj{< Ugn Uqfb}jujib Znfq} F{qjh 47"0 1;66*< =1/=4" [qjbu"

Anmc( Mgqj}ujbn" !Bi Oiqn Hi}u @qi~be"! Ne~mfujibfh Hnfenq}gj{< Ugn Uqfb}jujib Znfq} F{qjh47"0 1;66*< =0/5;" [qjbu"

Onnmn( L~ejug H"( fbe Enbj}n G" Efbjnh}" Mgjhe fbe Feihn}mnbu Entnhi{onbu diq Ne~mfuiq}"Bnp Ziqc( BZ< Om@qfp/Gjhh( 1;;7" [qjbu"

Djn}unq( Hnjhf" !Qnfejb` Ofuunq} / Qn{iqu / CJE] MI^BU Efuf Mnbunq"! Gion / CJE] MI^BU

Efuf Mnbunq " Fbbjn N" Mf}nz Di~befujib( 1;6;" Pna" ;7 Ofz 1;66"8guu{<))efufmnbunq"cje}mi~bu"iq`)qnfejbòfuunq}"f}{w2"

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Upper Elementary Developmental Project