Updated History of the Electrostatic Processes Committee of the IAS

G S Peter Castle, LFIEEE and William D Greason, LFIEEEDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Faculty of Engineering, University of Western Ontario,London, ON, Canada

Origins

• IEEE formed in 1963; amalgamation of American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE) and Institute of Radio Engineers (IRE)

• Consisted of Societies and Groups• 50th anniversary of the start of the Industry and

General Applications Group (IGA) in IEEE (1964)• Evolved into Industry and Applications Society

(IAS) in 1972

Electrostatic Processes Committee (EPC)

• Electrostatic interests preceded both these organizations

• Annual Winter meeting of the AIEE, 1949, Subcommittee on Electrostatic Processes

• Became EPC, part of IGA Annual Meeting in 1968

• Update of earlier history of EPC (1984)

EPC Early topics, 1950’s and 60’s

• Primarily Electrostatic Precipitation, mostly industrial presenters

• Electrostatic painting (liquid)• First inklings of Xerography (Haloid Corp)

EPC in the 1970’s

• Expansion of topics to include; electrophotography, electrical coronas, applied electrostatics and fundamentals

• Collaborative effort between academia and industry

• Developed international presence• Very active meetings, typical 8 full sessions in

IAS Annual meetings

What constitutes Electrostatics?

• Professor A.D. Moore, U of Michigan vocalized the concern

• “Static” – literal or practical interpretation• Lack of formal agreement led to formation of

the Electrostatics Society of America (ESA) • First meeting in 1971

The “Static” Divide

• IEEE: “the branch of science that treats the electric phenomena associated with electric charges at rest in the frame of reference”

• ESA: “the class of phenomena recognized by the presence of electrical charges, either stationary or moving, and the interaction of these charges, this interaction being solely by reason of the charges and their positions and not by reason of their motion”

EPC and ESA up to 2003

• Tended to live in splendid isolation• EPC annual meetings within IAS, interest

broadened but emphasis on applications• ESA met every year (major and minor), interest

more general, fundamental and more unconstrained

• Papers less formal• Common feature was electrostatics (in its

broadest definition!)

EPC in IAS

• Gradually participation from industry declined• Departments redefined in 1993 • IAS became restructured with split off of ECCE

into separate annual meeting (2009) • EPC remains with IAS annual meetings

Past Chairs EPC

1947-1952 G.W. Penney Carnegie-Mellon

1952-1957 H.J. White Research Cottrell

1958 G.W. Hewitt Westinghouse

1964-1967 E.J. Coe Jr. Joy Manufacturing

1967-1971 S.A. Hawk Battelle Memorial Institute

1971-1973 K.W. MacKenzie Mahon Industries

1973-1975 G.S.P. Castle The University of Western Ontario

1975-1977 C.D. Hendricks University of Illinois

1977-1979 C.F. Gallo Xerox

1979-1981 G. Fritz Eastman Kodak

1981-1983 J.K. Edwards Eastman Kodak

1983-1985 W.D. Greason The University of Western Ontario

1985-1987 T.B. Jones University of Rochester

1987-1989 K.S. Robinson Eastman Kodak

1989-1991 C.E. Speck General Motors Research

1991-1993 A.A. Elmoursi General Motors Research

1993-1995 J.S. Clements Appalachian State University

1995-1997 R.J. Turnbull University of Illinois

1997-1999 S. Jayaram University of Waterloo

1999-2001 J. Seyed-Yagoobi Illinois Institute of Technology

2001-2003 T. Yamamoto Research Triangle Institute

2003-2005 M.K. Mazumder University of Arkansas

2005-2007 L.D. Dascalescu University of Poitiers

2007-2009 T. Oda University of Tokyo

2009-2011 N. Grass Siemens

2011-2013 A. Mizuno Toyohashi University of Technology

2013- R. Sharma University of Arkansas

Development of joint meetings

• 2003, Little Rock, AR EPC/ESA• 2006, Berkeley, CA EPC/ESA/IEJ/SFE• 2009, Boston, MA EPC/ESA/IEJ/SFE/IEA• 2012, Cambridge, ON EPC/ESA/IEJ/SFE/IEA

Number of Technical Papers; presented at EPC meetings, entered into review process, published in IAS Proceedings

Recent Meetings EPC-IAS2001 Chicago, IL IAS 2002 Pittsburgh, PA IAS 2003 Salt Lake City, UT IAS (No EPC paper sessions) 2003 Little Rock, AR EPC/IAS, ESA 2004 Seattle, WA IAS 2005 Hong Kong IAS 2006 Tampa, FL IAS (No EPC paper sessions) 2006 Berkeley, CA EPC/IAS, ESA, IEJ, SFE 2007 New Orleans, LA IAS 2008 Edmonton, AB IAS 2009 Houston, TX IAS (12 EPC papers presented) 2009 Boston, MA EPC/IAS, ESA, IEJ, SFE, IEA 2010 Houston, TX IAS 2011 Orlando, FL IAS 2012 Las Vegas, NV IAS (14 EPC papers presented) 2012 Cambridge, ON EPC/IAS, ESA, IEJ, SFE, IEA 2013 Orlando, FL IAS (25 EPC papers presented)

Recent Update

• 2014 Vancouver, BC IAS (29 papers to be presented)

Evolution of interests

• Mature; electrostatic precipitation, printing, copying, painting, separation

• Developing; non-thermal processes, EHD, measurement/sensors, corona and discharge phenomena, ESD, particles and microscale phenomena, MEMS, dielectrophoresis etc

• Emerging; nanotechnology, biotechnology, ultrafine particles

New Reality

• Applied electrostatics by its nature has always been interdisciplinary but centered within electrical sciences

• Many other disciplines e.g. chemistry, materials, biology etc have always considered these forces but are “rediscovering” the importance of electrostatic effects as element dimensions shrink

• Recent development of specialty meetings

Future?

• Open for discussion