Update on CSIRO’s PCC program

ITCN Meeting – Melbourne – 21 October 2018

ENERGY

Team CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation)

5486talented staff

$1billion+ budget

Workingwith over

2800+industry partners

55sites across

Australia

Top 1%of global research agencies

Each year

6 CSIRO technologies

contribute$5 billion to

the economy

ITCN meeting Melbourne 21 October 2018 | Paul Feron2 |

Our business units and focus areas

Agriculture and Food

Energy

Health and Biosecurity

Land and Water

Manufacturing

Mineral Resources

Oceans and Atmosphere

Astronomy andSpace Science

Australian Animal Health Laboratory

Data61

Marine National Facility

National Computing Infrastructure

National Research Collections of Australia

ITCN meeting Melbourne 21 October 2018 | Paul Feron3 |

CSIRO Energy capability and facilitiesQueensland: QCATCapability:• Low Emissions Technologies• Coal MiningFacilities:• High efficiency coal , biomass and waste conversion • Hydrogen energy systems• Longwall Automation, remote visualisation and control

New South Wales: NewcastleCapability:• Grids and Energy Efficiency Systems• Low Emissions TechnologiesFacilities:• Solar thermal fields• PCC process development facility• PV performance laboratory• HVAC test facility• Renewable Energy & Stored Energy Integration Facilities• DICE fuel and engine test facilities

New South Wales: North RydeCapability:• Low Emissions Technology• Onshore Gas

Facilities:• Gas reservoir permeability • ‘Smog Chamber’ emissions measurement, modelling and management

Western Australia: KensingtonCapability:• Oil, Gas & Fuels• Onshore GasFacilities:• National Geosequestration

Laboratory• Rock Mechanics Laboratory

Victoria: ClaytonCapability:• Low Emissions Technology• Oil, Gas & Fuels• Onshore GasFacilities:• Centre for Hybrid Energy Systems• Hydrogen Energy Systems • Energy Resource Processing• Unconventional Gas Reservoir Characterisation and Engineering

ITCN meeting Melbourne 21 October 2018 | Paul Feron4 |

➢ High capital cost▪ Geographical▪ Flue gas pretreatment ▪ Ageing power plants

➢ High operational cost▪ Energy requirement▪ Labour cost

➢ Environmental▪ Additional emissions▪ Impact coal mines

ITCN meeting Melbourne 21 October 2018 | Paul Feron

Challenges for PCC in Australia

5 |

CSIRO’s PCC program

PCC

Pilot plants Research & Development

Delta Electricity

AGL Loy Yang Power (2)

China Huaneng(Beijing)

Stanwell

Amines Novel processes &equipment

Adsorbents

Environmental impacts

Learning by doing Learning by searching

Membranes

ITCN meeting Melbourne 21 October 2018 | Paul Feron

China Huaneng(Changchun)

6 |

PCC@CSIRO – pilot plants

ITCN meeting Melbourne 21 October 2018 | Paul Feron7 |

A decade of piloting PCC technologies

ITCN meeting Melbourne 21 October 2018 | Paul Feron8 |

Desk-top studies

Establishment of capability and infrastructure

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

SolidSorbents

Tarong

DeltaElectricityMunmorah

Loy Yang

2015 2016 2017 2018

-Preparing for deployment- Next-generation PCC

CCS demo’s

DeltaElectricityVales Point

SolarThermal

AGLLoy Yang

2019 2020

CINSWVales Point

Summary PCC pilot plant facilities

ITCN meeting Melbourne 21 October 2018 | Paul Feron9 |

AGL Loy YangVictoria

Delta ElectricityNew South Wales

CSIRONew South Wales

StanwellQueensland

Huaneng Changchun thermal power plant

Huaneng Gaobeidian power plant

PICA Loy YangVictoria

PICA ProjectProject aims: ➢ 40% lower cost of CO

2 capture compared to the MEA

base case❑ Advanced packing materials, liquid absorbent and process

➢ to provide information on long-term performance and reliability of advanced liquid absorbents and equipment that have been developed in-house by both IHI Corporation and CSIRO independently in preparation of demonstration phase

➢ Supporting large-scale CCS as an affordable, secure and environmentally benign option for power generation

➢ Duration: 2014-2018

ITCN meeting Melbourne 21 October 2018 | Paul Feron10 |

PCCIHICSIROAGL

http://www.csiro.au/en/News/News-releases/2016/PICA-powers-up-to-improve-CO2-capture

Performances in pilot plant

ITCN meeting Melbourne 21 October 2018 | Paul Feron

➢ 5000 hour trial with CAL008 at AGL Loy Yang completed

➢ Amine formulation not affected by NOx➢ Achievable reboiler duty: < 2.5 GJ/t CO

2 with

optimised process design➢ Amine consumption: < 0.3 kg/t CO

2 (Degradation

process reversible!)➢ Significant improvement over classical MEA

process➢ (Session 4A – Tuesday)

11 |

PICA+ ProjectProject aims:

➢ Emissions assessment of IHI liquid absorbent

➢ Emissions assessment of CSIRO liquid absorbent

➢ Atmospheric degradation assessment• Smog chamber experiments

• Dispersion modelling using chemical mechanisms developed

➢ Project will concurrently to the PICA project

➢ Duration: 2016-2019

ITCN meeting Melbourne 21 October 2018 | Paul Feron12 |

PCCIHICSIROAGL

http://www.minister.industry.gov.au/ministers/canavan/media-releases/237-million-carbon-capture-and-storage

Coal Innovation NSW pilot plant projects

➢ CSIRO projects:• Advanced aqueous ammonia processes

• Rotating liquid sheet contactor validation

• Aerosol formation in PCC processes

➢ All projects will be carried out at Vales Point

➢ Project duration: 2016-2018

➢ Two other (membrane technology) projects will be facilitated on site

ITCN meeting Melbourne 21 October 2018 | Paul Feron13 |

PCC@CSIRO – “Towards Zero”

ITCN meeting Melbourne 21 October 2018 | Paul Feron14 |

Post-combustion CO2 capture: “Towards zero”

➢ CO2-neutral fossil fuel power plant (Session 5D – Tuesday)

• Increase capture rates by optimised process design

➢Water production through CO2-capture

• Use of forward osmosis instead of heat exchanger

➢ Negligible amine consumption (Session 4A – Tuesday)• Building on successful 5000 hour trial in PICA project

➢ No additional energy requirement for CO2-capture (Poster 74 –

Wednesday)• Energy harvesting from CO

2-capture

ITCN meeting Melbourne 21 October 2018 | Paul Feron15 |

Absorber

FO unit

Desorber

CO2

Heat

H2O/CO2

Flue gas in

Flue gas out

Seawater cooling

Condenser

H2O

H2O recovery

Cooling

Heat exchanger

Integrated CO2-capture and desalination

➢ Water recovery from desorber

➢ Water recovery from absorber via vacuum flash

➢ Significant amounts of freshwater can be produced (FGD, cooling tower make-up)

➢ No increase in energy requirement for CO

2 capture

ITCN meeting Melbourne 21 October 2018 | Paul Feron16 |

Energy Science and Engineering 2017; 5(5): 244–256

Water can be used within power plant

17 | ITCN meeting Melbourne 21 October 2018 | Paul Feron

The CO2 regenerative amine battery (CRAB)

ITCN meeting Melbourne 21 October 2018 | Paul Feron18 |

Amines undergo acid base reactions and form complexes with many metals.

What energy performance is achievable?

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MetalEnergy generated

MWh/tonne CO2

Cu 0.116

Zn 0.085

Mn 0.023

Cd 0.064

Cr 0.008

Pb 0.014

Fe 0.056

Co 0.034

Ni 0.053

Ag 0.127

Estimated performance based on complexation with ammonia

A significant amount of energy can potentially be recovered!

Best experimental performanceSystem Maximum power density Energy output Energy output

(theory)

Cu-NH3

32 W/m2

(Cu-foam electrode)6.5 kJ/mol CO

20.041 MWh/ton CO

2

18.4 kJ/mol CO2

0.116 MWh/ton CO2

Zn-NH3

9 W/m2

(plate electrode)2.2 kJ/mol CO

20.014 MWh/ton CO

2

13.5 kJ/mol CO2

0.085 MWh/ton CO2

ITCN meeting Melbourne 21 October 2018 | Paul Feron20 |

NH3-concentration: 1-6 M NH

3Supporting electrolytes: KNO

3, KCl, K

2SO

4, NH

4NO

3