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Unusual Modal Verbs (Solution)

FromHeidiby Johanna Spyri

Remember that the explanations as marked are considered acceptable at KISS Level One. In laterlevels, students will be given other options, as suggested in the notes.

Key: Subjects are underlined; finite verbs are bold; complements are between [square brackets];

prepositional phrases are between {curly brackets}; types of complement are indicated: (PN) PredicateNoun; (PA) Predicate Adjective; (DO) Direct Object; (IO) Indirect Object.

1. Heidikept on asking {in her excitement}. [#1]|

2. The old acquaintancesimmediately started gossiping {about their friends}{in the

neighborhood}. [#2]|

3. Wouldn'tyoulike to hear[something](DO){about it}? [#3]|

4. *You* Stop trembling. [#4]|

5. The footpathbegins to go steeply and abruptly {up the Alps}. [#5]|

6. Andnowyouwant to hand overthe[child](DO){to this terrible old man}.[#6]

|7. Grandmother would love to seeyou(DO). [#7]|

8. Ihate to robher(DO){of this pleasure}. [#8]|

9. A small, whitegoat, called Snowhopper[#9], kept up bleating {in the mostpiteous way}. [#10]|

10. Claramust try to stand longerthis evening{for me}. [#11]|

Notes

1. Some grammar books list kept and/or kept on among helping verbs. Alternatively, asking can

be explained as a verbal (gerund) that functions as the direct object of kept. On may beconsidered part of the finite verb phrase or as an adverb. For more on this see KISS Level 2.1.5 -

Phrasal Verbs (Preposition? Or Part of the Verb?).

2. Gossiping can be explained as a gerund that functions as the direct object of started.3. To hear can be explained as a verbal (infinitive) that functions as the direct object of would like.

This explanation would make something the direct object of the infinitive.

4. Trembling can be explained as a gerund that functions as the direct object of Stop.5. To go can be explained as a verbal (infinitive) that functions as the direct object of begins.

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6. To hand over means to give, so the over can be considered as part of this infinitive, or it can

be explained as an adverb. See KISS Level 2.1.5 - Phrasal Verbs (Preposition? Or Part of theVerb?). The infinitive phrase would be the direct object of want, and child becomes the direct

object of the infinitive.

7. To see can be explained as a verbal (infinitive) that functions as the direct object of would love.You becomes the direct object of the infinitive.

8. To rob can be explained as a verbal (infinitive) that functions as the direct object of hate. Herbecomes the direct object of the infinitive.

9. Snowhopper is a retained predicate adjective after the passive gerundive called. The gerundivephrase modifies goat. See KISS Level 5.7 - Passive Voice and Retained Complements.

10. See Note 1.

11. To stand can be explained as a verbal (infinitive) that functions as the direct object of must try.