Unsaturated Soil Mechanics for Sustainable Urban Living ......Unsaturated Soil Mechanics for Sustainable Urban Living Professor Harianto Rahardjo’s Publication list 175 Satyanaga,

Unsaturated Soil Mechanics for Sustainable Urban Living Professor Harianto Rahardjo’s Publication list

NUMBER OF JOURNAL PAPERS : 184 NUMBER OF DISCUSSION PAPERS : 10 NUMBER OF CONFERENCE PAPERS : 205 NUMBER OF AUTHORED BOOKS : 9 NUMBER OF BOOKS AND CHAPTERS : 14 NUMBER OF REPORTS AND ARTICLES (MONOGRAPHS) : 57 JOURNAL PAPERS 184 Nong, X.,Rahardjo, H., Lee, D.T.T., Leong, E.C., Fong, Y.K. (2019). “Effects of organic content on soil-water characteristic curve and soil shrinkage”, Environmental Geotechnics. (Accepted August 2019). 183 Nistor, M.M., Rahardjo, H., Satyanaga, A. (2019). “Development assessment of the Singapore land: A GIS spatial-temporal approach based on land cover analysis”, Geographia Technica. (Accepted August 2019). 182 Rahardjo, H., Nistor, M.M., Gofar, N., Satyanaga, A., Xiaosheng, Q., Yee, S.I.C. (2019). “Spatial Distribution, Variation and Trend of Five-day Antecedent Rainfall in Singapore”, Georisk, Published online July 2019. https://doi.org/10.1080/17499518.2019.1639196 181 Li, Y., Rahardjo, H., Irvine, K.N. (2019). “Effect of Weather Conditions on Leans of One Eugenia Grandis Tree in Singapore”,Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, Vol. 43(126375). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2019.126375 180 Rahardjo, H., Kim, Y., Satyanaga, A. (2019). “Role of unsaturated soil mechanics in geotechnical engineering”, International Journal of Geo-Engineering, Vol. 10(8). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40703-019-0104-8 179 Kristo, K., Rahardjo, H., Satyanaga, A. (2019). “Effect of hysteresis on the stability of residual soil slope”, International Soil and Water Conservation Research, (Accepted May 2019). 178 Satyanaga, A., Rahardjo, H. (2019). “Stability of unsaturated soil slopes covered with Melastoma malabathricum in Singapore”, Geotechnical Engineering, Published online. 177 Satyanaga, A., Rahardjo, H., Hao, K.Z., Mohamed, H. (2019). “Measurement of Soil-water

Characteristic Curve and Unsaturated Permeability using Evaporation Method and Chilled-Mirror Method”, Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE A, 20(5):368-374. DOI: 10.1631/jzus.A1800593

176 Rahardjo, H., Satyanaga, A., Gofar, N., Leong, E.C., Kew, J.H., Wang, C.L., Wong, J.L.H. (2019).

“Geobarrier System for Protection against Rainfall-induced Slope Failure”, ISSMGE International Journal of Geoengineering Case Histories (Accepted April 2019).


175 Satyanaga, A., Rahardjo, H., Hua, C.J. (2019). “Numerical simulation of capillary barrier system under rainfall infiltration”, ISSMGE International Journal of Geoengineering Case Histories (Accepted April 2019).

174 Kim, Y., Rahardjo, H., Thang, N.C. (2019). “Elastoplastic Behavior of Compacted Kaolin under

Consolidated Drained and Shearing Infiltration Conditions”, Geotechnical Testing Journal (Accepted Feb 2019).

173 Nistor, M.M., Rahardjo, H., Satyanaga, A., Leong, E.C., Hao, K.Z., Sham, A.W.L., Wu, H. “GIS-based

approach to identify the suitable locations for soil sampling in Singapore”, Geographia Technica (Accepted Feb 2019).

172 Rahardjo, H., Satyanaga, A. (2019). “Sensing and monitoring for assessment of rainfall-induced

slope failures in residual soil”, Geotechnical Engineering (Published online 8 March 2019). 171 Zhai, Q., Rahardjo, H., Satyanaga, A., Dai, G. (2019). “Estimation of unsaturated shear strength from soil-water characteristic curve”, Acta Geotechnica (Accepted Feb 2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-019-00785-y 170 Yee, S.I.C., Rahardjo, H., Satyanaga, A. (2018). “Spatial Variations of Air-Entry Value for Residual

Soils in Singapore”, CATENA (Accepted Nov 2018). 169 Krisnanto, S. and Rahardjo, H. (2018). “Advancement in the Analysis of Seepage through Cracked

Soils”, Journal of Engineering and Technology Sciences, Vol. 50(4), pp. 566-577. 168 Zhai, Q., Rahardjo, H., Satyanaga, A. (2018). “A pore-size distribution function based method for

estimation of hydraulic properties of sandy soils”, Engineering Geology, Vol. 246, pp. 288-292. DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2018.09.031

167 Zhai, Q., Rahardjo, H., Satyanaga, A., Priono and Dai, G. (2018). “The role of the pore-size

distribution function on water flow in unsaturated soil”, Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE A (Applied Physics & Engineering), Vol. 20(1), pp. 10-20.

https://doi-org.ezlibproxy1.ntu.edu.sg/10.1631/jzus.A1800347 166 Rahardjo, H., Gofar, N., Satyanaga, A., Leong, E.C., Wang, C.L., Wong, J.L.H. (2018). “Effect of

Rainfall Infiltration on Deformation of Geobarrier”, Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, Vol. 37, pp. 1383-1399. DOI: 10.1007/s10706-018-0693-6

165 Satyanaga, A., Rahardjo, H. (2018). “Unsaturated Shear Strength of Soil with Bimodal Soil-water

Characteristic Curve”, Géotechnique (Published Online September 11, 2018). 164 Rahardjo, H., Satyanaga, A., Mohamed, H., Ip, S.C.Y., Shah, R.S. (2018). “Comparison of Soil–Water

Characteristic Curves from Conventional Testing and Combination of Small-Scale Centrifuge and Dew Point Methods”, Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, Vol. 37, pp. 659-672. DOI:10.1007/s10706-018-0636-2

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2018.09.031


163 Rahardjo, H., Kim, Y., Gofar, N., Leong, E.C., Wang, C.L., Wong, J.L.H (2018) “Field instrumentations

and monitoring of GeoBarrier System for steep slope protection”, Transportation Geotechnics, Vol. 16, pp. 29-42. DOI: 10.1016/j.trgeo.2018.06.006

162 Zhai, Q., Rahardjo, H., Satyanaga, A. (2019) “Estimation of the air permeability function from the

Soil-Water Characteristic Curve”, Canadian Geotechnical journal (Published Online 01 January 2019). DOI: 10.1139/cgj-2017-0579

161 Li, Y., Rahardjo, H., Irvine, K.N. and Law, A.W.K. (2018) “CFD Analyses of the Wind Drags on Khaya

Senegalensis and Eugenia Grandis”, Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, Vol. 34, pp. 29-43. DOI: 10.1016/j.ufug.2018.05.005

160 Rahardjo, H., Gofar, N. and Satyanaga, A. (2018) “Effect of concrete waste particles on infiltration

characteristics of soil”, Environmental Earth Sciences 77:347. DOI: 10.1007/s12665-018-7530-3 159 Huang, W., Leong, E.C., Rahardjo, H. (2018) “Upper bound limit analysis of unsaturated soil slopes

under rainfall infiltration”, ASCE’s Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering (Published Online on July 9, 2018). DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001946

158 Rahardjo, H., Satyanaga, A., Wang, C.L., Wong, J.L.H. and Lim, V.H. (2018) “Effects of unsaturated

properties of soil with Caesalpinia Crista roots on slope stability”, Environmental Geotechnics (Published Online May 25, 2018). DOI: 10.1680/jenge.17.00031

157 Rahardjo, H., Prasad, A., Krisnanto, S., Leong, E.C., and Wang, C.L. (2018). “Soil-water characteristic curve and permeability function of recycled concrete aggregates coated with oil or wax.” Geotechnical Testing Journal (Accepted). 156 Lee, D.T.T., Rahardjo, H., Leong, E.C. and Fong, Y.K. (2018). “Anchorage and stability in the root-

soil plate systems of young Rain trees (Samanea saman).” Environmental Geotechnics (Accepted). 155 Rahardjo, H., Nong, X.F., Lee, D.T.T., Leong, E.C. and Fong, Y.K. (2018). “Expedited soil–water

characteristic curve tests using combined centrifuge and chilled mirror techniques.” Geotechnical Testing Journal, 41(1), 2017-217.

154 Rahardjo, H., Thang, N.C., Kim, Y. and Leong, E.C. (2018). “Unsaturated elasto-plastic constitutive

equations for compacted kaolin under consolidated drained and shearing-infiltration conditions.” Soils and Foundations (Accepted).

153 Kim, Y., Rahardjo, H. and Satyanaga, A. (2017). “Numerical simulations of triaxial shearing-

infiltration tests.” Soils and Foundations (Accepted). 152 Rahardjo, H., Gofar, N., Harnas, F. and Satyanaga, A. (2017). “Effect of Geobags on Water Flow

through Capillary Barrier System.” Geosynthetic for South East Geotechnical Journal (Accepted).

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trgeo.2018.06.006


151 Zhai, Q., Rahardjo, H. and Satyanaga, A. (2017). “Uncertainty in the estimation of hysteresis of

Soil-water Characteristic Curve.” Environmental Geotechnics, (Published Online). 150 Zhai, Q., Rahardjo, H., Satyanaga, A., and Priono (2017). “Effect of bimodal soil-water

characteristic curve on the estimation of permeability function.” Engineering Geology, 230, 142-151.

149 Kristo, C., Rahardjo, H. and Satyanaga, A. (2017). “Effect of variations in rainfall intensity on slope

stability in Singapore.” International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 5, 258-264. 148 Satyanaga, A., Rahardjo, H., and Zhai, Q. (2017). "Estimation of Unimodal Water Characteristic

Curve for Gap-graded Soil." Soils and Foundations, Japanese Geotechnical Society, 57, 789-801. 147 Rahardjo, H., Amalia, N., Wee, J.D., Leong, E.C., Ow, L.F. and Tan, P.Y. (2017). “Effect of soil

hydraulic properties on water infiltration of containerised soil.” Landscape and Urban Planning, 165, 84-92.

146 Zhai, Q., Rahardjo, H. and Satyanaga, A. (2017). “Effects of residual suction and residual water

content on the estimation of permeability function.” Geoderma, 303, 165-177. 145 Priono, Rahardjo, H., Chatterjea, K. and Leong, E.C. (2017). “Laboratory Investigation on Hydraulic

Anisotropy Behavior of Unsaturated Soil.” Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 54 (7), 1034-1046. 144 Rahardjo, H., Prasad, A., Satyanaga, A., Mohammad, H., Leong, E.C., Wang, C.L. and Wong, L.H.

(2017). “1-D Infiltration Behavior of Two-layered Recycled Concrete Aggregates using Hydrophobic Materials in a Column Apparatus.” ASCE Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, March, 29 (8), 04017053.

143 Krisnanto, S., Rahardjo, H., Fredlund, D. G., and Leong, E. C. (2016). "Water content of soil matrix

during lateral water flow through cracked soil." Engineering Geology, 210, 168-179.

142 Rahardjo, H., Amalia, N., Leong, E. C., Harnas, F. R., Lee, T. T., and Fong, Y. K. (2016). "Flux boundary measurements for the study of tree stability." Landscape and Ecological Engineering, 1-12, Published online (Aug 2016).

141 Rahardjo, H., Gofar, N., Amalia, N., Leong, E. C., and Ow, L. F. (2016). "Structural cell contribution to resistance of trees to uprooting." Trees, 30(5), 1843-1853.

140 Zhai, Q., Rahardjo, H., and Satyanaga, A. (2016). "Variability in unsaturated hydraulic properties of residual soil in Singapore." Engineering Geology, 209, 21-29.

139 Rahardjo, H., Satyanaga, A., Leong, E. C. and Noh, O. (2016). “Performance of residual soil as cover system for a sanitary landfill in Singapore.” ASCE Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, In press (Accepted April 2016).


138 Harnas, F. R., Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C. and Wang, J. Y. (2016). “A physical model for the investigation of capillary barriers performance made using recycled asphalt.” Geotechnical Testing Journal, ASTM International, 39(6), Published online (Aug 2016).

137 Rahardjo, H., Krisnanto, S. and Leong, E. C. (2016). “Effectiveness of capillary barrier and vegetative slope covers in maintaining soil suction.” Soil and Rocks Journal, Special topic on Theory and Practice of Unsaturated Soils Mechanics, January-April, 39(1), 51-68.

136 Rahardjo, H., Satyanaga, A., Harnas, F. R. and Leong, E. C. (2016). “Use of dual capillary barrier as cover system for a sanitary landfill in Singapore.” Indian Geotechnical Journal, 46(3), 228-238.

135 Priono, Rahardjo, H., Chatterjea, K., Leong, E. C. and Wang, J. Y. (2016). "Effect of hydraulic anisotropy on soil-water characteristic curve." Soils and Foundations, 56(2), 228-239.

134 Rahimi, A. and Rahardjo, H. (2016). "New approach to improve soil-water characteristic curve to reduce variation in estimation of unsaturated permeability function." Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 53(4), 717-725.

133 Harnas, F. R., Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C., Tan, P. Y. and Ow, L. F. (2015). "Stability of containerized urban street trees." Landscape and Ecological Engineering, 12(1), 13-24.

132 Zhai, Q. and Rahardjo, H. (2015). "Estimation of permeability function from the soil-water characteristic curve." Engineering Geology, 199, 148-156.

131 Rahimi, A., Rahardjo, H. and Leong, E. C. (2015). "Effects of soil-water characteristic curve and relative permeability equations on estimation of unsaturated permeability function." Soils and Foundations, December, 55(6), 1400-1411.

130 Mustafa, M. R., Rezaur, R. B., Rahardjo, H., Isa, M. H. and Arif, A. (2015). "Artificial neural network modeling for spatial and temporal variations of pore-water pressure responses to rainfall." Advances in Meteorology, April, 2015, 1-12.

129 Wijaya, M., Leong, E. C. and Rahardjo, H. (2015). "Effect of shrinkage on air-entry value of soils." Soils and Foundations, February, 55(1), 166-180.

128 Goh, S. G., Rahardjo, H. and Leong, E. C. (2015). "Modification of triaxial apparatus for permeability measurement of unsaturated soils." Soils and Foundations, February, 55(1), 63-73.

127 Rahimi, A., Rahardjo, H. and Leong, E. C. (2015). "Effect of range of soil-water characteristic curve measurements on estimation of permeability function." Engineering Geology, February, 185, 96-104.

126 Schnellmann, R., Rahardjo, H. and Schneider, H. R. (2015). "Controlling parameter for unsaturated soil property functions: validated on the unsaturated shear strength." Canadian Geotechnical Journal, August, 52(3), 374-381.


125 Harnas, F. R., Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C. and Wang, J. Y. (2014). "Experimental study on dual capillary barrier using recycled asphalt pavement materials." Canadian Geotechnical Journal, May, 51(10), 1165-1177.

124 Rahardjo, H., Satyanaga, A., Harnas, F. R. and Leong, E. C. (2014). "Comprehensive instrumentation for real time monitoring of flux boundary conditions in slope." Procedia Earth and Planetary Science, August, 9, 23-43.

123 Rahardjo, H., Satyanaga, A., Leong, E. C., Santoso, V. A. and Ng, Y. S. (2014). "Performance of an instrumented slope covered with shrubs and deep-rooted grass." Soils and Foundations, May, 54(3), 417-425.

122 Rahardjo, H., Harnas, F. R., Indrawan, I. G. B., Leong, E. C., Tan, P. Y., Fong, Y. K. and Ow, L. F. (2014). "Understanding the stability of Samanea Saman trees through tree pulling, analytical calculations and numerical models." Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, May, 13(2), 355-364.

121 Krisnanto, S., Rahardjo, H., Fredlund, D. G. and Leong, E. C. (2014). "Mapping of cracked soils and lateral water flow characteristics through a network of cracks." Engineering Geology, February, 172, 12-25.

120 Goh, S. G., Rahardjo, H. and Leong, E. C. (2014). "Shear strength of unsaturated soils under multiple drying-wetting cycles." Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, August, 140(2), 06013001.

119 Rahardjo, H., Satyanaga, A. and Leong, E. C. (2013). "Effects of flux boundary conditions on pore-water pressure distribution in slope." Engineering Geology, October, 165, 133-142.

118 Zhai, Q. and Rahardjo, H. (2013). "Quantification of uncertainties in soil–water characteristic curve associated with fitting parameters." Engineering Geology, June, 163, 144-152.

117 Schnellmann, R., Rahardjo, H. and Schneider, H. R. (2013). "Unsaturated shear strength of a silty sand." Engineering Geology, June, 162, 88-96.

116 Rahardjo, H., Santoso, V. A., Leong, E. C., Ng, Y. S., Tam, C. P. H. and Satyanaga, A. (2013). "Use of recycled crushed concrete and Secudrain in capillary barriers for slope stabilization." Canadian Geotechnical Journal, June, 50(6), 662-673.

115 Rahardjo, H., Satyanaga, A., Leong, E. C. and Wang, J. Y. (2013). "Unsaturated properties of recycled concrete aggregate and reclaimed asphalt pavement." Engineering Geology, April, 161, 44-54.

114 Leong, E. C., Widiastuti, S. and Rahardjo, H. (2013). "Estimating wetting-induced settlement of compacted soils using oedometer tests." Geotechnical Engineering Journal of the SEAGS & AGSSEA, March, 44(1), 26-33.


113 Mustafa, M. R., Rezaur, R. B., Saiedi, S., Rahardjo, H. and Isa, M. H. (2013). "Evaluation of MLP-ANN training algorithms for modelling soil pore-water pressure responses to rainfall." Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, January, 18(1), 50-57.

112 Satyanaga, A., Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C. and Wang, J. Y. (2013). "Water characteristic curve of soil with bimodal grain-size distribution." Computers and Geotechnics, March, 48, 51-61.

111 Indrawan, I. G. B., Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C., Tan, P. Y., Fong, Y. K. and Sim, E. K. (2012). "Field instrumentation for monitoring of water, heat, and gas transfers through unsaturated soils." Engineering Geology, November, 151, 24-36.

110 Rahardjo, H., Satyanaga, A., Leong, E. C., Ng, Y. S. and Pang, H. T. C. (2012). "Variability of residual soil properties." Engineering Geology, July, 141–142, 124–140.

109 Rahardjo, H., Santoso, V. A., Leong, E. C., Ng, Y. S. and Hua, C. J. (2012). "Performance of an instrumented slope covered by a capillary barrier system." Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, April, 138(4), 481-490.

108 Mustafa, M. R., Rezaur, R. B., Rahardjo, H. and Isa, M. H. (2012). "Prediction of pore-water pressures using radial basis function neural network." Engineering Geology, May, 135-136, 40-47.

107 Kassim, A., Gofar, N., Lee, M. L. and Rahardjo, H. (2012). “Modelling of suction distributions in an unsaturated heterogeneous residual soil slope.” Engineering Geology, 131-132, 70-82.

106 Zhai, Q. and Rahardjo H. (2012). Reply to Discussion by Bellia Z, Mohamed R, Dadouch M and Ghembaza M on "Determination of soil-water characteristic curve variables." by Zhai Q. and Rahardjo H. (2012). Computers and Geotechnics, 42, 37-43. Published in Computers and Geotechnics, September, 45, 151-152.

105 Rahardjo, H., Satyanaga, A. and Leong, E. C. (2012). "Unsaturated soil mechanics for slope stabilization." Geotechnical Engineering Journal of the SEAGS & AGSSEA, March, 43(1), 48-58.

104 Mustafa, M. R., Rezaur, R. B., Isa, M. H., Saiedi, S. and Rahardjo, H. (2012). "Effect of antecedent conditions on prediction of pore-water pressure using artificial neural networks." Modern Applied Science, 6(2), 6-15.

103 Leong, E. C. and Rahardjo, H. (2012). "Two and three-dimensional slope stability reanalyses of Bukit Batok slope." Computers and Geotechnics, May, 42, 81-88.

102 Zhai, Q. and Rahardjo H. (2012). "Determination of soil-water characteristic curve variables." Computers and Geotechnics, May, 42, 37-43.

101 Rahardjo, H., Satyanaga, A., D’Amore, G. A. R. and Leong, E. C. (2012). "Soil-water characteristic curves of gap-graded soils." Engineering Geology, January, 125, 102-107.

100 Leong, E. C., Zhang, X. H. and Rahardjo, H. (2012). "Calibration of a thermal conductivity sensor for field measurement of matric suction." Géotechnique, 62(1), 81-85.


99 Nishimura, T., Koseki, J., Fredlund, D. G. and Rahardjo, H. (2012). "Microporous membrane technology for measurement of soil-water characteristic curve." Geotechnical Testing Journal, January, 35(1), 1-8.

98 Goh, S. G., Rahardjo, H. and Leong, E. C. (2011). Closure to Discussion by Zargarbashi, S. and Khalili, N. on "Shear strength equations for unsaturated soil under drying and wetting." by Goh, S.G., Rahardjo, H. and Leong, E. C. [Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, April, 136(4), 594-606]. Published in Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, December, 137(12), 1310-1313.

97 Nyunt, T. T., Leong, E. C. and Rahardjo, H. (2011). "Strength and small-strain stiffness characteristics of unsaturated sand." Geotechnical Testing Journal, September, 34(5), 1-11.

96 Rahardjo, H., Santoso, V. A., Leong, E. C., Ng, Y. S. and Hua, C. J. (2011). "Numerical analyses and monitoring performance of residual soil slopes." Soils and Foundations, June, 51(3), 471-482.

95 Rahardjo, H., Santoso, V. A., Leong, E. C., Ng, Y. S. and Hua, C. J. (2011). "Performance of horizontal drains in residual soil slopes." Soils and Foundations, June, 51(3), 437-447.

94 Rahardjo, H., Melinda, F., Leong, E. C. and Rezaur, R. B. (2011). "Stiffness of a compacted residual soil." Engineering Geology, June, 120(1-4), 60–67.

93 Rahimi, A., Rahardjo, H. and Leong, E. C. (2011). "Effect of antecedent rainfall patterns on rainfall-induced slope failure." Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, May, 137(5), 483-491.

92 Rahardjo, H., Vilayvong, K. and Leong, E. C. (2011). "Water characteristic curves of recycled materials." Geotechnical Testing Journal, January, 34(1), 1-8.

91 Chin, K. B., Leong, E. C. and Rahardjo, H. (2010). "A simplified method to estimate the soil-water characteristic curve." Canadian Geotechnical Journal, December, 47(12), 1382-1400.

90 Ow, L. F., Harnas, F. R., Indrawan, I. G. B., Sahadewa, A., Sim, E. K., Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C., Fong, Y. K. and Tan, P. Y. (2010). "Tree-pulling experiment: an analysis into the mechanical stability of rain trees." Trees, 24, 1007-1015.

89 Krisdani, H., Rahardjo, H. and Leong, E. C. (2010). "Application of geosynthetic material as a coarse-grained layer in capillary barriers." Special Issue on Unsaturated Geosynthetics. Geosynthetics International Journal, 17(5), 323-331.

88 Rahardjo, H., Satyanaga, A., Leong, E. C. and Ng, Y. S. (2010). "Effects of groundwater table position and soil properties on stability of slope during rainfall." Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, November, 136(11), 1555-1564.

87 Yoo, K. and Rahardjo, H. (2010). "Modification of volumetric pressure plate extractor." Journal of ASTM International, October, 7(9), 1-11.


86 Rahimi, A., Rahardjo, H. and Leong, E. C. (2010). "Effect of hydraulic properties of soil on rainfall-induced slope failure." Engineering Geology, 114(3-4), 135-143.

85 Schnellmann, R., Busslinger, M., Schneider, H. and Rahardjo, H. (2010). "Effect of rising water table in an unsaturated slope." Engineering Geology, 114(1-2), 71-83.

84 Rahardjo, H., Ong, T. H., Rezaur, R. B., Leong, E. C. and Fredlund, D. G. (2010). "Response parameters for characterization of infiltration." Environmental Earth Sciences, 60(7), 1369-1380.

83 Leong, E. C., Rahardjo, H. and He, L. C. (2010). Discussion on the paper entitled: "Calibrations of a high-suction tensiometer." by Laurenco, S. D. N., Gallipoli, D., Toll, D. G., Augarde, C. E., Evans, F. D. and Medero, G. M. (2008). Géotechnique, 58(8), 659-668. Published in Géotechnique, 60(3), 233-234.

82 Goh, S. G., Rahardjo, H. and Leong, E. C. (2010). "Shear strength equations for unsaturated soil under drying and wetting." Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, April, 136(4), 594-606.

81 Krisdani, H., Rahardjo, H. and Leong, E. C. (2010). Response to Discussion by Mbonimpa, M., Aubertin, M. and Bussiere, B. on "Effects of different drying rates on shrinkage characteristics of a residual soil and soil mixtures." [Engineering Geology, 107(3-4), 172-173, (2009)]. Published in Engineering Geology, 110(1-2), 30-31.

80 Leong, E. C., He, L. C. and Rahardjo, H. (2009). Discussion on the paper entitled: "Assessment of the use of the vapour equilibrium technique in controlled-suction tests." by Pintado, X., Lloret, A. and Romero, E. (2009). Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 46, 411-423. Published in Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 46(12), 1482-1484.

79 Lee, M. L., Gofar, N. and Rahardjo, H. (2009). "A simple model for preliminary evaluation of rainfall-induced slope instability." Engineering Geology, 108(3-4), 272-285.

78 Rahardjo, H., Harnas, F. R., Leong, E. C., Tan, P. Y., Fong, Y. K. and Sim, E. K. (2009). "Tree stability in an improved soil to withstand wind loading." Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 8(4), 237-247.

77 Leong, E. C., Cahyadi, J. and Rahardjo, H. (2009). "Measuring shear and compression wave velocities of soil using bender-extender elements." Canadian Geotechnical Journal, July, 46(7), 792-812.

76 Krisdani, H., Rahardjo, H. and Leong, E. C. (2009). "Use of instantaneous profile and statistical methods to determine permeability functions of unsaturated soils." Canadian Geotechnical Journal, July, 46(7), 869-874.

75 Rahardjo, H., Meilani, I., Rezaur, R. B. and Leong, E. C. (2009). "Shear strength characteristics of a compacted soil under infiltration conditions." Geomechanics and Engineering, 1(1), 35-52.


74 Krisdani, H., Rahardjo, H. and Leong, E. C. (2008). "Effects of different drying rates on shrinkage characteristics of a residual soil and soil mixtures." Engineering Geology, 102(1-2), 31-37.

73 Rahardjo, H., Indrawan, I. G. B., Leong, E. C. and Yong, W. K. (2008). "Effects of coarse-grained material on hydraulic properties and shear strength of top soil." Engineering Geology, 101(3-4), 165-173.

72 Krisdani, H., Rahardjo, H. and Leong, E. C. (2008). "Measurement of geotextile-water characteristic curve using capillary rise principle." Geosynthetics International, 15(2), 86-94.

71 Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C. and Rezaur, R. B. (2008). "Effect of antecedent rainfall on pore-water pressure distribution characteristics in residual soil slopes under tropical rainfall." Hydrological Processes, 22(4), 506-523.

70 Rahardjo, H., Ong, T. H., Rezaur, R. B. and Leong, E. C. (2007). "Factors controlling instability of homogeneous soil slopes under rainfall." Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, December, 133(12), 1532-1543.

69 Thu, T. M., Rahardjo, H. and Leong, E. C. (2007). "Critical state behaviour of a compacted silt specimen." Soils and Foundations, August, 47(4), 749-755.

68 Leong, E. C., Widiastuti, S., Lee, C. C and Rahardjo, H. (2007). "Accuracy of suction measurement." Géotechnique, 57(6), 547-556.

67 Thu, T. M., Rahardjo, H. and Leong, E. C. (2007). "Soil-water characteristic curve and consolidation behavior of a compacted silt." Canadian Geotechnical Journal, March, 44(3), 266-275.

66 Thu, T. M., Rahardjo, H. and Leong, E. C. (2007). "Elastoplastic model for unsaturated soil with incorporation of the soil-water characteristic curve." Canadian Geotechnical Journal, January, 44(1), 67-77.

65 Indrawan, I. G. B., Rahardjo, H. and Leong, E. C. (2007). "Drying and wetting characteristics of a two-layer soil column." Canadian Geotechnical Journal, January, 44(1), 20-32.

64 Tami, D., Rahardjo, H. and Leong, E. C. (2007). "Characteristics of scanning curves of two soils." Soils and Foundations, February, 47(1), 97-108.

63 Rahardjo, H., Lee, T. T., Leong, E. C. and Rezaur, R. B. (2006). Reply to Discussion by Londono, A.C. on "Response of a residual soil slope to rainfall." by Rahardjo, H., Lee, T. T., Leong, E. C. and Rezaur, R. B. [Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 42: 340 – 351 (2005)]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, September, 43(9), 979-984.

62 Yang, H., Rahardjo, H. and Leong, E. C. (2006). "Behaviour of unsaturated layered soil columns during infiltration." Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, July, 11(4), 329-337.


61 Thu, H., Rahardjo, H. and Leong, E. C. (2006). "Shear strength and pore-water pressure characteristics during constant water content triaxial tests." Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, March, 132(3), 411-419.

60 Indrawan, I. G. B., Rahardjo, H. and Leong, E. C. (2006). "Effects of coarse-grained materials on properties of residuals soil." Engineering Geology, January, 82(3), 154-164.

59 Meilani, I., Rahardjo, H. and Leong, E. C. (2005). "Pore-water pressure and water volume change of an unsaturated soil under infiltration conditions." Canadian Geotechnical Journal, December, 42(6), 1509-1531.

58 Leong, E. C., Eriktius, D. T., Tan, J. L. and Rahardjo, H. (2005). "Properties of municipal solid waste fly ash." Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology, Supplement 13(1), University Putra Malaysia Press, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 1-11.

57 Leong, E. C., Yeo, S. H. and Rahardjo, H. (2005). "Measuring shear wave velocity using bender elements." Geotechnical Testing Journal, September, 28(5), 488-498.

56 Tan, K. M., Tay, C. M., Tjin, S. C., Chan, C. C. and Rahardjo, H. (2005). "High relative humidity measurements using gelatin coated long-period grating sensors." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 110(2), 335-341.

55 Rahardjo, H., Lee, T. T., Leong, E. C. and Rezaur, R. B. (2005). "Response of a residual soil slope to rainfall." Canadian Geotechnical Journal, April, 42(2), 340-351.

54 Agus, S. S., Leong, E. C. and Rahardjo, H. (2005). "Estimating permeability functions of Singapore residual soils." Engineering Geology, April, 78(1-2), 119-133.

53 Tay, C. M., Tan, K. M., Tjin, S. C., Chan, C. C. and Rahardjo, H. (2004). "Humidity sensing using plastic optical fibers." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 43(5), 387-390.

52 Yang, H., Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C. and Fredlund, D. G. (2004). "Factors affecting drying and wetting soil-water characteristic curves of sandy soils." Canadian Geotechnical Journal, October, 41(5), 908-920.

51 Leong, E. C., Yeo, S. H. and Rahardjo, H. (2004). "Measurement of wave velocities and attenuation using an ultrasonic test system." Canadian Geotechnical Journal, September, 41(5), 844-860.

50 Tami, D., Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C. and Fredlund, D. G. (2004). "Design and laboratory verification of a physical model of sloping capillary barrier." Canadian Geotechnical Journal, September, 41(5), 814-830.

49 Tami, D., Rahardjo, H. and Leong, E. C. (2004). "Effects of hysteresis on steady-state infiltration in unsaturated slopes." Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, September, 130(9), 956-967.

48 Yang, H., Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C. and Fredlund, D. G. (2004). "A study of infiltration on three sand capillary barriers." Canadian Geotechnical Journal, August, 41(4), 629-643.


47 Melinda, F., Rahardjo, H., Han, K. K. and Leong, E. C. (2004). "Shear strength of compacted soil under infiltration condition." Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, August, 130(8), 807-817.

46 Yang, H., Rahardjo, H., Wibawa, B. and Leong, E. C. (2004). "A soil column apparatus for laboratory infiltration study." Geotechnical Testing Journal, July, 27(4), 347-355.

45 Rahardjo, H., Ong, B. H. and Leong, E. C. (2004). "Shear strength of a compacted residual soil from consolidated drained and constant water content triaxial tests." Canadian Geotechnical Journal, June, 41(3), 421-436.

44 Leong, E. C., Tripathy, S. and Rahardjo, H. (2004). "A modified pressure plate apparatus." Geotechnical Testing Journal, May, 27(3), 322-331.

43 Rahardjo, H., Aung, K. K., Leong, E. C. and Rezaur, R. B. (2004). "Characteristics of residual soils in Singapore as formed by weathering." Engineering Geology, May, 73(1-2), 157-169.

42 Tami, D., Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C. and Fredlund, D. G. (2004). "A physical model for sloping capillary barriers." Geotechnical Testing Journal, March, 27(2), 173-183.

41 Rahardjo, H., Lee, T. T., Leong, E. C. and Rezaur, R. B. (2004). "A flume for assessing flux boundary characteristics in rainfall-induced slope failure studies." Geotechnical Testing Journal, March, 27(2), 145-153. AWARD PAPER for "Outstanding Article on the Practice of Geotechnical Testing."

40 Leong, E. C., Agus, S. S. and Rahardjo, H. (2004). "Volume change measurement of soil specimen in triaxial test." Geotechnical Testing Journal, January, 27(1), 47-56.

39 Tsaparas, I., Rahardjo, H., Toll, D. G. and Leong, E. C. (2003). "Infiltration characteristics of two instrumented residual soil slopes." Canadian Geotechnical Journal, October, 40(5), 1012-1032.

38 Samingan, A. S., Leong, E. C. and Rahardjo, H. (2003). "A flexible wall permeameter for measurements of water and air coefficients of permeability of residual soils." Canadian Geotechnical Journal, June, 40(3), 559-574.

37 Rahardjo, H., Hritzuk, K.J., Leong, E. C. and Rezaur, R. B. (2003). "Effectiveness of horizontal drains for slope stability." Engineering Geology, June, 69(3-4), 295-308.

36 Rezaur, R. B., Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C. and Lee, T. T. (2003). "Hydrologic behaviour of residual soil slopes in Singapore." Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, May, 8(3), 133-144.

35 Leong, E. C., Tripathy, S. and Rahardjo, H. (2003). "Total suction measurements of unsaturated soils with a device using the chilled-mirror dew-point technique." Géotechnique, March, 53(2), 173-182.

34 Rahardjo, H. and Fredlund, D. G. (2003). "Ko-volume change characteristics of an unsaturated soil with respect to various loading paths." Geotechnical Testing Journal, March, 26(1), 79-91.


33 Meilani, I., Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C. and Fredlund, D. G. (2002). "Mini suction probe for matric suction measurement." Canadian Geotechnical Journal, December, 39(6), 1427-1432.

32 Leong, E. C., He, L. and Rahardjo, H. (2002). "Factors affecting the filter paper method for total and matric suction measurements." Geotechnical Testing Journal, September, 25(3), 322-333.

31 Rezaur, R. B., Rahardjo, H. and Leong, E. C. (2002). "Spatial and temporal variability of pore-water pressures in residual soil slopes in a tropical climate." Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, March, 27(3), 317-338.

30 Tsaparas, I., Rahardjo, H., Toll, D. G. and Leong, E. C. (2002). "Controlling parameters for rainfall-induced landslides." Computers and Geotechnics, January, 29(1), 1-27.

29 Wong, J. C., Rahardjo, H., Toll, D. G. and Leong, E. C. (2001). "Modified triaxial apparatus for shearing-infiltration test." Geotechnical Testing Journal, December, 24(4), 370-380.

28 Rahardjo, H., Li, X. W., Toll, D. G. and Leong, E. C. (2001). "The effect of antecedent rainfall on slope stability." Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, September, 19(3), 371-399.

27 Aung, K. K., Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C. and Toll, D. G. (2001). "Relationship between porosimetry measurement and soil-water characteristic curve for an unsaturated residual soil." Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, Special Issue on "Unsaturated and Collapsible Soils," September, 19(3), 401-416.

26 Agus, S. S., Leong, E. C. and Rahardjo, H. (2001). "Soil-water characteristic curves of Singapore residual soils." Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, September, 19(3), 285-309.

25 Winn, Karr, Rahardjo, H. and She, C. P. (2001). "Characterization of residual soils in Singapore." Geotechnical Engineering Journal, April, 32(1), 1-13.

24 Leong, E. C., Soemitro, R. A. A. and Rahardjo, H. (2000). "Soil improvement by surcharge and vacuum preloadings." Géotechnique, October, 50(5), 601-605.

23 Yang, D. Q., Shen, Z. J., Rahardjo, H. and Leong, E. C. (2000). "Modelling fully coupled moisture, air and heat transfer in unsaturated soils." Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 22(3), 357-361.

22 Gasmo, J. M., Rahardjo, H. and Leong, E. C. (2000). "Infiltration effects on stability of a residual soil slope." Computers and Geotechnics, 26(2), 145-165.

21 Leong, E.C. and Rahardjo, H. (1999). Discussion on the paper entitled: "Soil-water characteristic curves for compacted clays." by Tinjum et. al. (1997). Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 123(11), 1060-1069. Published in Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, July, 125(7), 629-630.

20 Gasmo, J.M., Hritzuk, K.J., Rahardjo, H. and Leong, E.C. (1999). "Instrumentation of an unsaturated residual soil slope." Geotechnical Testing Journal, June, 22(2), 134-143.


19 Yang, D. Q., Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C. and Choa, V. (1998). "Coupled model for heat, moisture, air flow and deformation problems in unsaturated soils." Journal of Engineering Mechanics, December, 124(12), 1331-1338.

18 Leong, E.C. and Rahardjo, H. (1997). Discussion on the paper entitled: "Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of two compacted barrier soils." by Meerdink et. Al. (1996). Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 1227, 565-575. Published in Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, December, 123(12), 1186-1187.

17 Leong, E.C. and Rahardjo, H. (1997). "Permeability functions for unsaturated soils." Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, December, 123(12), 1118-1126.

16 Leong, E.C. and Rahardjo, H. (1997). "Review of soil-water characteristic curve equations." Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, December, 123(12), 1106-1117.

15 Rahardjo, H. and Fredlund, D. G. (1996). "Consolidation apparatus for testing unsaturated soils." Geotechnical Testing Journal, December, 19(4), 341-353.

14 Lim, T.T., Rahardjo, H., Chang, M.F. and Fredlund, D.G. (1996). "Effect of rainfall on matric suction in a residual soil slope." Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 33(4), 618-628.

13 Rahardjo, H. and Fredlund, D.G. (1995). "Experimental verification of the theory of consolidation for unsaturated soils." Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 32(5), 749-766.

12 Rahardjo, H., Lim, T. T., Chang, M. F. and Fredlund, D.G. (1995). "Shear strength characteristics of a residual soil." Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 32(1), 60-77.

11 Tadepalli, R., Rahardjo, H. and Fredlund, D.G. (1992). "Measurements of matric suction and volume changes during inundation of collapsible soil." Geotechnical Testing Journal, June, 15(2), 115-122.

10 Ho, D. Y. F., Fredlund, D.G. and Rahardjo, H. (1992). "Volume change indices during loading and unloading of an unsaturated soil." Canadian Geotechnical Journal, April, 29(2), 195-207.

9 Fredlund, D.G., Rahardjo, H. and Gan, J.K.M. (1991). Discussion on the paper entitled: "A framework for unsaturated soils behavior." by D. G. Toll (1990), Géotechnique, 40(1), 31-34. Published in Géotechnique, 41(1), 159-161.

8 Fredlund, D.G., Gan, J. K.M. and Rahardjo, H. (1991). "Measuring negative pore-water pressures in a freezing environment." Transportation Research Record, 1307, 291-299.

7 Rao, R.R., Rahardjo, H. and Fredlund, D.G. (1989). "Closed-form heave solutions for expansive soils." Closure for Discussion by K.S. Li, Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, December, 115(12), 1822-1823.

6 Gan, J.K.M., Fredlund, D.G. and Rahardjo, H. (1988). "Determination of the shear strength parameters of an unsaturated soil using the direct shear test." Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 25(3), 500-510.


5 Rao, R.R., Rahardjo, H. and Fredlund, D.G. (1988). "Closed-form heave solutions for expansive soils." Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, May, 114(5), 573-588.

4 Fredlund, D.G. and Rahardjo, H. (1987). "Soil mechanics principles for highway engineering in arid regions." Transportation Research Record, 1137, 1-11.

3 Fredlund, D.G. and Rahardjo, H. (1986). "Unsaturated soil consolidation theory and laboratory experimental data." Consolidation of Soils: Testing and Evaluation, ASTM STP 892, R. N. Yong and F. C. Townsend, Eds:, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, 154-169.

2 Fredlund, D.G. and Rahardjo, H. (1984). "General limit equilibrium method for lateral earth force." Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 21(1), 166-175.

1 Pufahl, D.E., Fredlund, D.G. and Rahardjo, H. (1983). "Lateral earth pressures in expansive clay soils." Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 20(2), 228-241.

AUTHORED BOOKS 9 Mercer, K., Rahardjo, H., Satyanaga, A. (2019). “Unsaturated Soils Guidelines – Volume 1: Soil- Water Characteristic Curves for Materials Classified according to the Unified Soil Classification System.” Australian Center for Geomechanics, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 154 pp. ISBN 978-0-9876389-0-8.

8 Fredlund, D.G., Rahardjo, H. and Fredlund, M.D. (2012). Unsaturated soil mechanics in engineering practice. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 926 pages (ISBN 978-1-118-13359-0).

7 Fredlund, D.G. and Rahardjo, H. (2014). Soil mechanics for unsaturated soils. Japanese Translation by S. Kato, Kobe University and Y. Takeshita, Okayama University, Kyoto University Press, 479 pages.

6 Fredlund, D.G. and Rahardjo, H. (2011). Soil mechanics for unsaturated soils. Spanish Translation by N. P. Garcia, Mexico, 1119 pages.

5 Rahardjo, H., Toll, D.G. and Leong, E.C. (2000). Unsaturated soils for Asia, Proceedings of the Asian Conference on Unsaturated Soils (UNSAT-ASIA 2000) - From Theory to Practice. Singapore, May 18-19, Balkema, 854 pages (ISBN 90-5809-139-2).


4 Fredlund, D.G. and Rahardjo, H. (2000). Soil mechanics for unsaturated soils. Vietnamese translation by Nguyen Cong Man, Nguyen Truong Tien, Trinh Minh Thu and Nguyen Uyen, Nha Xuat Ban Giao Duc, Vol.2, 395 pages.

3 Fredlund, D.G. and Rahardjo, H. (1998). Soil mechanics for unsaturated soils. Vietnamese translation by Nguyen Cong Man and Nguyen Uyen, Nha Xuat Ban Giao Duc, Vol.1, 324 pages.

2 Fredlund, D.G. and Rahardjo, H. (1997). Soil mechanics for unsaturated soils. Chinese translation by Chen Zhong-yi, Zhang Zaiming, Chen Yujiong, Jiang Guocheng, Wu Xiaoming and Shi Zhen Hwa, China Architecture & Building Press, 634 pages.

1 Fredlund, D.G. and Rahardjo, H. (1993). Soil mechanics for unsaturated soils, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 517 pages (ISBN 0-471-85008-X).

BOOKS AND BOOK CHAPTERS

14 Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C., Satyanaga, A., Gofar, N., Zhai, Q., Mohamed, H., Wong, J.L.H. Tan, S.T., Wang, C.L., Lim, H.V., Kew, J.H. and Seow, W.K. (2018). “Geobarrier system for use in underground structure”. Geotechnical Engineering Monograph. Research collaboration between Nanyang Technological University and Housing Development Board, Singapore, 77 pages (ISBN 978-981-11-5909-1).

13 Rahardjo, H., Satyanaga, A., Hoon, K., Sham, W.L., Ong, C.L., Huat, B.B.K., Fasihnikoutalab, M.H., Asadi, A., Rahardjo, P.P., Jotisankasa, A., Thu, T.M. and Viet, T.T. (2016) "Slope Safety Preparedness in southeast Asia for Effects of Climate Change", Chapter 9 in Slope Safety Preparedness for Impact of Climate Change, ed. K. Ho, S. Lacasse and L. Picarelli, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 13 December, pp. 572 (ISBN: 9781138032309). [book chapter]

12 Rahardjo, H., and Satyanaga, A., (2015). "Role of unsaturated soil mechanics in the tropics." The Latest Development in Civil Engineering: A book to honor the 80th Birthday of Prof. Dr. Ir. Wiratman Wangsadinata, Chapter 11, 252-281, WiTness Press, Indonesia (ISBN: 978-602-72044-0-9).

11 Rahardjo, H., Leong, E.C., Satyanaga, A., Ng, Y.S., Tan, H.T., Hua, C.J. (2014). Rainfall-induced slope failures and preventive measures in Singapore. Geotechnical Engineering Monograph. NTU-HDB Research Collaboration Project, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 84 pages (ISBN 978-981-07-9250-3).

10 Leong, E.C., Nyunt, T.T. and Rahardjo, H. (2013). "Triaxial testing of unsaturated soils." Multiphysical Testing of Soils And Shales, Laloui. L. and Ferrari, A. eds., Springer series in Geomechanics and Geoengineering, Berlin, Heidelberg, 33-44.

9 Rahardjo, H., Rezaur, R.B. and Leong, E. C. (2012). "The Singapore case studies." Understanding Landslides Through Case Histories, Picarelli, L. and S. Leroueil eds., Taylor & Francis Group, Leiden, the Netherlands, Chapter 6.6 (in print).


8 Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C., Ortigao, J. A. R. and Rezaur, R. B. (2012). "Slopes." Handbook of Tropical Residual Soil Engineering, B.B.K. Huat, D.G. Toll and A. Prasad ed., Taylor & Francis Group, Leiden, the Netherlands, Chapter 7, 213-282 (ISBN: 978-0-415-45731-6).

7 Faisal, A. and Rahardjo, H. (2004). “Unsaturated Residual Soils.” Tropical Residual Soils Engineering, Bujang, B.K. Huat, Gue See Sew, Faisal Hj. Ali eds., Balkema, Netherlands, 57–71.

6 Leong, E. C., Rahardjo, H. and Tang, S. K. (2003). "Characterisation and engineering properties of Singapore residual soils." Characterisation and Engineering Properties of Natural Soils, Balkema, Vol. 2, 1277-1304.

5 Aung, K.K., Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C. and Toll, D. G. (2001). "Relationship between porosimetry measurement and soil-water characteristic curve for an unsaturated soil." Unsaturated Soil Concepts and Their Application in Geotechnical Practice, Toll, D.G. ed., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, the Netherlands, 401-416.

4 Rahardjo, H., Li, X. W., Toll, D. G. and Leong, E. C. (2001). "The effect of antecedent rainfall on slope stability." Unsaturated Soil Concepts and Their Application in Geotechnical Practice, Toll, D.G. ed., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, the Netherlands, 371-399.

3 Agus, S. S., Leong, E. C. and Rahardjo, H. (2001). "Soil-water characteristic curves of Singapore residual soils." Unsaturated Soil Concepts and Their Application in Geotechnical Practice, Toll, D.G. ed., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, the Netherlands, 285-309.

2 Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C., Deutscher, M. S., Gasmo, J. M. and Tang, S. K. (2000). "Rainfall-induced slope failures." Geotechnical Engineering Monograph 3, NTU-PWD Geotechnical Research Centre, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 86 pages (ISBN 981-04-2928-2).

1 Rahardjo, H. and Fredlund, D. G. (1995). "Procedures for slope stability analyses involving unsaturated soils." Developments in Deep Foundations and Ground Improvement Schemes, ed. Balasubramaniam et. al., Balkema Publishers, Inc., Rotterdam, the Netherlands, 33-56.

CONFERENCE PAPERS 205 Rahardjo, H., Kim, Y., Satyanaga, A. (2019). “Role of Unsaturated Soil Mechanics in Geotechnical Engineering.” The 2019 Korean Geotechnical Society (KGS) AWARDS LECTURE at 2019 Spring Geotechnical Engineering Conference, Seoul, South Korea, 14 March 2019. 204 Gofar, N., Raharjo, H. and Satyanaga, A. (2018). “Seasonal Variation of Water Content and Pore- water Pressure Distribution in Vegetated Soil Slope”. In Geotechnical Challenge for Mega Infrastructure, Proceedings of the 20th Southeast Asian Geotechnical Conference & 3rd AGSSEA Conference in conjunction with 22nd HATTI Annual Science Meeting (Jakarta, Indonesia, 6-7 November 2018) (Irsyam et al., eds) ISBN 978-6021-722169; pg. 431–436. 203 Mercer, K.G., Rahardjo, H. and Satyanaga, A. (2018). (2018) “The Development of Soil Water Characteristic Curves for Soil Types Classified According to the USCS.” Proceedings of Mine Waste and Tailings 2018, 23-24 July, Brisbane, Australia.


202 Rahardjo, H. and Satyanaga, A. (2018). “Sensing and Monitoring for Assessment of Rainfall- induced Slope Failures in Residual Soil.” INVITED SPEAKER. Proceedings of 5th Italian Workshop on Landslides (IWL) 2018, 28-30 May, Naples, Italy. 201 Satyanaga, A. and Rahardjo, H. (2018). “Stability of Unsaturated Soil Slopes covered with Mangrove.” Proceedings of 5th Italian Workshop on Landslides (IWL) 2018, 28-30 May, Naples, Italy. 200 Rahardjo, H., Gofar, N. and Satyanaga, A. (2018). “Performance of Geobarrier System under Rainfall Infiltration.” Proceedings of 11th International Conference on Geosynthetics (ICG2018). 16-21 September, Seoul, South Korea. 199 Rahardjo, H., Satyanaga, A., Nistor, M.M. and Leong, E.C. (2018). “Geospatial Distribution of Unsaturated Soil Properties for Slope Stability Assessment.” SPECIAL INVITED SPEAKER. Proceedings of 7th International Conference on Unsaturated Soils (UNSAT2018). 3-5 August, Hongkong. 198 Rahardjo, H. and Satyanaga, A. (2018). “Sensing and Monitoring for Assessment of Rainfall- induced Slope Failures in Residual Soil.” INVITED SPEAKER. Proceedings of 5th Italian Workshop on Landslides (IWL) 2018, 28-30 May, Naples, Italy. 197 Rahardjo, H., Zhai, Q., Satyanaga, A., Leong, E.C., Wang, C.L., and Wong, J.L.H. (2017). “Numerical

Analyses for Assessment of Geobarrier System Performance.” Proceedings of the 2nd Pan-American conference on Unsaturated soils, 12-15 November 2017, Dallas, Texas, USA.

196 Rahardjo, H., Wang, C.L., Satyanaga, A. (2017). “Slope Protection against Rainfall-induced Slope

Failure.” INVITED SPEAKER, TC106 Workshop on The State of Practice in Unsaturated Soil Mechanics, 20 September 2017, Seoul, South Korea.

195 Rahardjo, H., Satyanaga, A., Leong, E.C., Priono. (2017). “Hydraulic Anisotropy Behavior of

Compacted Soil.” Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (19th ICSMGE), 17-22 September 2017, Seoul, South Korea.

194 Kim, Y and Rahardjo, H. (2017). “Stability analysis of unsaturated soil slopes based on deformation

characteristics.” Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (19th ICSMGE), 17-22 September 2017, Seoul, South Korea.

193 Gofar, N. and Rahardjo, H. (2016). “Saturated and unsaturated stability analysis of slope

subjected to rainfall infiltration.” INVITED PAPER, Sriwijaya International Conference on Engineering, Science and Technology [SICEST 2016], 8-10 November 2016, Bangka Island, Indonesia.

192 Rahardjo, H., Zhai. Q., Satyanaga, A., Leong, E. C., Wang, C. L., and Wong, J. L. H. (2016). “Field instrumentation for performance assessment of Geobarrier System.” Proceedings of E-UNSAT 2016, 3rd European Conference on Unsaturated Soils, 12-14 September 2016, Paris, France.


191 Rahardjo, H., Satyanaga, A., and Leong, E. C. (2016). “Effects of rainfall characteristics on the stability of tropical residual soil slope.” Proceedings of E-UNSAT 2016, 3rd European Conference on Unsaturated Soils, 12-14 September 2016, Paris, France.

190 Leong, E. C., Kizza, R., and Rahardjo, H. (2016). “Measurement of soil suction using moist filter paper.” Proceedings of E-UNSAT 2016, 3rd European Conference on Unsaturated Soils, 12-14 September 2016, Paris, France.

189 Zhai, Q. and Rahardjo, H. (2016). “Application of fitting parameters in best fit equation.” Proceedings of E-UNSAT 2016, 3rd European Conference on Unsaturated Soils, 12-14 September 2016, Paris, France.

188 Huang, W., Leong, E. C. and Rahardjo, H. (2016). “Governing failure mode of unsaturated soil slopes under rainwater infiltration.” Proceedings of E-UNSAT 2016, 3rd European Conference on Unsaturated Soils, 12-14 September 2016, Paris, France.

187 Satyanaga, A., Rahardjo, H. and Leong, E. C. (2016). “The unsaturated shear strength of dual porosity soil.” Proceedings of Geo-Chicago 2016, Geotechnical Special Publication 271, 14-18 August 2016, Chicago, USA, 688-697.

186 Rahardjo, H., Harnas, F. R., Satyanaga, A., Leong, E. C., Wang, C. L. and Wong, J. L. H. (2016). “Numerical simulation of Geobarrier System under rainfall infiltration.” Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Landslides, 12-19 June 2016, Napoli, Italy, 1699-1706.

185 Priono, Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C. and Chatterjea, K. (2016). “Effects of mica content on hydraulic anisotropy of unsaturated soil.” Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Landslides, 12-19 June 2016, Napoli, Italy, 1675-1683.

184 Harnas, F. R., Rahardjo, H., Satyanaga, A., and Leong, E. C. (2016). "Effectiveness of Dual Capillary Barrier as slope protection." Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Landslides, 12-19 June 2016, Napoli, Italy, 1069-1075.

183 Gofar, N., Rahardjo, H., Lee, M. L. (2015). "Field monitoring of suction distribution in coarse-grained and fine-grained residual soil." Proceedings of AP-UNSAT2015 Conference, 23-26 Oct 2015, Guilin, China, 679-683.

182 Rahimi, A., Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C. (2015). "Role of unsaturated permeability function in seepage analyses." Proceedings of AP-UNSAT2015 Conference, 23-26 Oct 2015, Guilin, China, 393-399.

181 Rahimi, A., Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C., Lee, T. T., Law, A. W. K., Fong, Y. K. (2015). "Effect of infiltration characteristics of soil on tree stability." Proceedings of AP-UNSAT2015 Conference, 23-26 Oct 2015, Guilin, China, 791-795.

180 Amalia, N., Rahardjo, H., Lee, T. T., Leong, E. C., Fong, Y. K. (2015). "Field monitoring to study the effect of rainfall on tree stability." Proceedings of AP-UNSAT2015 Conference, 23-26 Oct 2015, Guilin, China, 691-696.

179 Huang, W., Leong, E. C., Rahardjo, H. (2015). "Translational slip failures on slope incorporating unsaturated soil mechanics." Proceedings of AP-UNSAT2015 Conference, 23-26 Oct 2015, Guilin, China, 771-776.


178 Zhai, Q. Rahardjo, H. Satyanaga, A. (2015). "Effects of variability of unsaturated hydraulic properties on stability of residual soil slopes." Proceedings of AP-UNSAT2015 Conference, 23-26 Oct 2015, Guilin, China, 401-406.

177 Rahardjo, H. Zhai, Q. Satyanaga, A. Leong, E. C. Wang, C. L. Wong, L. H. (2015). "Geo-barrier system as a retaining structure." Proceedings of AP-UNSAT2015 Conference, 23-26 Oct 2015, Guilin, China, 871-876.

176 Rahardjo, H. (2015). "Capillary barrier as a slope protection." FIRST DISTINGUISHED LECTURE of AP-UNSAT2015 Conference, 23-26 Oct 2015, Guilin, China, 23-36.

175 Rahardjo, H., Rahimi, A. (2015). "Controlling factors of rainfall-induced slope failures in residual soils." KEYNOTE PAPER, Proceedings of the International Conference on Landslides and Slope Stability SLOPE 2105, 27-30 Sept 2015, Bali, Indonesia.

174 Rahardjo, H., Satyanaga, A., Leong, E. C., Wang, C. L., Wong, L. H. (2014). "Role of unsaturated soil mechanics in the sustainability of slopes." Proceedings of The Conference for Civil Engineering Research Networks, jointly held with The 7th ASEAN Civil Engineering Conference under AUN/SEED-Net, 4-5 Nov 2014, Bandung, Indonesia.

173 Harnas, F. R., Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C., Wang, J. Y. (2014). "Effect of evaporation on the performance of capillary barriers with recycled asphalt material." Proceedings of The 14th International Conference of International Association for Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechanics, 22-25 Sep 2014, Kyoto, Japan.

172 Wijaya, M., Leong, E. C., Rahardjo, H. (2014). "Constant rate of strain test for unsaturated soils with pore-water pressure measurement." Proceedings of The International Conference on Unsaturated Soils, UNSAT 2014, 2-4 July 2014, Sydney.

171 Kizaa, R., Leong, E. C., Rahardjo, H. (2014). "Matric suction and shear strength of dynamically compacted soils." Proceedings of The International Conference on Unsaturated Soils, UNSAT 2014, 2-4 July 2014, Sydney.

170 Qian Zhai, Rahardjo, H. (2014). "Variability in soil-water characteristic curve associated with fitting parameters." Proceedings of The International Conference on Unsaturated Soils, UNSAT 2014, 2-4 July 2014, Sydney.

169 Satyanaga, A., Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C., Chia, Y. H., Wang, J. Y. (2014). "Effect of dual-porosity material on stability of slope during rainfall." Proceedings of The International Conference on Unsaturated Soils, UNSAT 2014, 2-4 July 2014, Sydney.

168 Rahimi, A., Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C. (2014). "Underlying parameters affecting estimation of unsaturated permeability of soils." Proceedings of the International Conference on Unsaturated Soils, UNSAT 2014, 2-4 July 2014, Sydney.

167 Rahardjo, H., Satyanaga, A., Leong, E. C., Wang, J. Y. (2014). "Characterization of unsaturated properties of recycled materials." SEMI-PLENARY LECTURE, Proceedings of The International Conference on Unsaturated Soils, UNSAT 2014, 2-4 July 2014, Sydney.


166 Mustafa, M. R., Rezaur, R. B., Isa, M. H., Rahardjo, H. (2014). "Estimation of soil pore-water pressure variations using a thin plate spline basis function." Proceedings of the High Performance Design of Structures and Materials and the Optimum Design of Structures conferences, 9-11 June 2014, Ostend, Belgium.

165 Rahardjo, H., Satyanaga, A., F. R. Harnas, Leong, E. C. (2013). "Comprehensive instrumentation for real time monitoring of flux boundary conditions in slope." INVITED LECTURE, Proceedings of The Third Italian Workshop on Landslides, 22-24 October, Naples, Italy.

164 Zhai, Q., Rahardjo, H., (2013). "Soil-water characteristic curve variables." Proceedings of the International Symposium on Unsaturated Soil Mechanics and Deep Geological Waste Disposal,7-10 July 2013, Shanghai, China.

163 Priono, Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C., Wang, J. Y., Chatterjea, K. (2013). "Improved correction factor for indirect determination of permeability function." Proceedings of Coupled Phenomena in Environmental Geotechnics (CPEG), a TC 215 Symposium, 1–3 July 2013, Torino, Italy.

162 Rahardjo, H., Satyanaga, A., Harnas, F. R., Wang, J. Y., Leong, E. C. (2013). "Capillary barrier system for landfill capping." Proceedings of Coupled Phenomena in Environmental Geotechnics (CPEG), TC 215 Symposium, 1–3 July 2013, Torino, Italy.

161 Harnas, F. R., Rahardjo, H., Wang, J. Y. (2013). "Design of landfill cover using construction and demolition waste: material characterization and numerical modelling." Proceedings of 18th Southeast Asian Geotechnical & Inaugural AGSSEA Conference, (Leung, Goh & Shen eds), 29-31 May 2013, Singapore.

160 Nishimura, T., Koseki, J., Rahardjo, H. (2012). "Determination of air-entry value for different compacted unsaturated soils." Proceedings of IS Hokkaido 2012, 2nd International Conference on Transportation Geotechnics, Sapporo, Japan, 10-12 September 2012.

159 Leong, E. C., Nyunt, T. T., Rahardjo, H. (2012). "Triaxial testing of unsaturated soils." Proceedings of ISSMGE TC-101 Workshop on Advances in Multiphysical Testing of Soils And Shales, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland, 3-5 September 2012, Springer series in Geomechanics and Geoengineering, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 33-44.

158 Rahardjo, H., Satyanaga, A., Leong, E. C. (2012). "Effects of flux boundary conditions on pore-water pressure distribution in slope." INVITED LECTURE, Proceedings of 2nd European Conference on Unsaturated Soils, Naples, Italy, 20–22 June 2012.

157 Rahardjo, H., Santoso, V. A., Leong, E. C., Ng, Y. S., Tam, C. P. H.(2012). "Effect of vetiver grass on slope stability." Proceedings of 11th International and 2nd North American Symposium on Landslides – ISL NASL 2012, Banff, Canada, 4-8 June 2012.

156 Rahardjo, H., Santoso, V. A., Leong, E. C., Ng, Y. S., Tam, C. P. H.(2012). "Use of recycled concrete aggregates in a capillary barrier for slope stability." Proceedings of 11th International and 2nd North American Symposium on Landslides – ISL NASL 2012, Banff, Canada, 4-8 June 2012.


155 Leong, E. C., Nyunt, T. T., Rahardjo, H. (2011). "Inverse analyses of disk infiltrometer tests." Proceedings of 5th Asia-Pacific Conference on Unsaturated Soils, AP-UNSAT 2011, Pattaya, Thailand, 14-16 November 2011.

154 Rahardjo, H., Satyanaga, A., Leong, E. C. (2011). "Unsaturated soil mechanics for slope stabilization." KEYNOTE LECTURE for the 5th Asia-Pacific Conference on Unsaturated Soils, AP-UNSAT 2011, Pattaya, Thailand, 29 Feb–2 Mar 2012.

153 Nishimura, T., Koseki, J., Rahardjo, H. (2011). "Effect of density on hysteresis in soil-water characteristic curve of sand." Proceedings of 5th Asia-Pacific Conference on Unsaturated Soils, AP-UNSAT 2011, Pattaya, Thailand, 29 Feb–2 Mar 2012.

152 Krisnanto, S., Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C. (2011). "Proposed method for obtaining representative water content and matric suction of a cracked soil." Proceedings of 5th Asia-Pacific Conference on Unsaturated Soils, AP-UNSAT 2011, Pattaya, Thailand, 29 Feb–2 Mar 2012.

151 Nyunt, T. T., Leong, E. C., Rahardjo, H. (2011). "Stress-strain behaviour and shear strength of unsaturated residual soil from triaxial tests." Proceedings of 5th Asia-Pacific Conference on Unsaturated Soils, AP-UNSAT 2011, Pattaya, Thailand, 29 Feb–2 Mar 2012.

150 Rahardjo, H., Santoso, V. A., Leong, E. C., Ng, Y. S., Tam, C. P. H. (2011). "Instrumentation and real-time monitoring in residual soil slopes." Proceeding of Environmental Geosciences and Engineering Survey for Territory Protection and Population Safety International Conference (EngeoPro 2011), Moscow, Russia, 6-8 September, 357-362.

149 Rahardjo, H., Santoso, V. A., Leong, E. C., Ng, Y. S., Tam, C. P. H.(2011). "Comprehensive assessment of slope stability in residual soil slopes." Proceeding of Environmental Geosciences and Engineering Survey for Territory Protection and Population Safety International Conference (EngeoPro 2011), Moscow, Russia, 6-8 September, 352-356.

148 Muhammad Raza Ul Mustafa, Rezaur, R. B., Saied Saiedi, Rahardjo, H. (2011). "Prediction of pore-water pressure variation using ANN with scaled conjugate gradient learning algorithm" Proceedings of International Conference on Sustainable Building and Infrastructure (ICSBI2010)., Kuala Lumpur, June 15-17, 24.

147 Yang, H., Rahardjo, H., Xiao, D. (2011). "Laboratory study of steady-state vertical infiltration in layered soils." Proceedings of Geo-Frontiers 2011, Dallas, Texas, USA, ASCE, 13-16 March, 1382-1391.

146 Wang, J. Y., Chang, V., Lee, C. S., Wang, X., Chu, J., Rahardjo, H., Stegmann, R. (2010). "Sustainable urban waste management for 2020." Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Waste Management and Technology (ICWMT 5), Tsinghua University, China, 17 December.

145 Nishimura, T., Rahardjo, H., Koseki, J. (2010). "Direct shear strength of compacted bentonite under different suctions." Proceedings of Fifth International Conference on Unsaturated Soils, Barcelona, Spain, 6-8 September, Vol. 1, 323-328.


144 Rahardjo, H., Hua, C. J., Leong, E. C., Santoso, V. A.(2010). "Performance of an instrumented slope under a capillary barrier system." Proceedings of Fifth International Conference on Unsaturated Soils, Barcelona, Spain, 6-8 September, Vol. 2, 1279-1284.

143 Yang, H., Rahardjo, H., Xiao, D. (2010). "Rapid drawdown of water table in layered soil column." In ASCE Geotechnical Special Publication No. 204, Geoenvironmental Engineering and Geotechnics, Proceedings of GeoShanghai International Conference, June 3-5, ed. by Q. He and S.L. Shen. pp.202-209.

142 Indrawan, I. G. B., Rahardjo, H. (2010). "Water infiltration through capillary barrier models." Proceedings of Symposium on "Protecting Life from Geo-Disaster and Environmental Hazards", Department of Geological Engineering, Gadjah Mada University and AUN / SEED-Net JICA, Bali, Indonesia, 25–26 February, 439-446 (D14-(1-8)).

141 Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C., Rezaur, R. B. (2009). "Laboratory characterisation of unsaturated soil for slope stability studies." KEYNOTE LECTURE. Proceedings of 4th Asia-Pacific Conference on Unsaturated Soils, Newcastle, Australia, 23-25 November, 565-578.

140 Rahardjo, H., Santoso, V. A., Leong, E. C., Ng, Y. S., Tam, C. P. H.(2009). "Pore-water pressure characteristics of two instrumented residual soil slopes." Proceedings of 4th Asia-Pacific Conference on Unsaturated Soils, Newcastle, Australia, 23-25 November, 333-339.

139 Santoso, V. A., Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C., Ng, Y. S., Tam, C. P. H.(2009). "Horizontal drains in residual soil slopes." Proceedings of 4th Asia-Pacific Conference on Unsaturated Soils, Newcastle, Australia, 23-25 November, 325-332.

138 Goh, S. G., Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C. (2009). "Evaluation of shear strength equations for unsaturated soil." Proceedings of 4th Asia-Pacific Conference on Unsaturated Soils, Newcastle, Australia, 23-25 November, 753-758.

137 Yoo, K. S., Rahardjo, H. (2009). "Performance of modified volumetric pressure plate." Proceedings of 4th Asia-Pacific Conference on Unsaturated Soils, Newcastle, Australia, 23-25 November, 191-196.

136 Nyunt, T. T., Leong, E. C., Rahardjo, H. (2009). "Effects of matric suction and loading rate on the stiffness-strain behaviour of kaolin." Proceedings of 4th Asia-Pacific Conference on Unsaturated Soils, Newcastle, Australia, 23-25 November, 15-19.

135 Chin, K. B., Leong, E. C., Rahardjo, H. (2009). "Cyclic behaviour of unsaturated silt in suction-controlled simple shear." Proceedings of 4th Asia-Pacific Conference on Unsaturated Soils, Newcastle, Australia, 23-25 November, 65-70.

134 Rahardjo, H., Santoso, V. A., Leong, E. C. (2009). "Unsaturated soil mechanics for solving geotechnical problems." INVITED LECTURE. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Sustainable Infrastructure and Built Environment in Developing Countries (SIBE 2009). Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB)., Bandung, Indonesia, 2-3 November , 1-15.


133 Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C., Satyanaga, A., Ng, Y. S., Henry, T. C. P., Hua, C. J. (2009). "Slope stability against rainfall and preventive measures." INVITED LECTURE. Proceedings of BCA Seminar 2009–Structural Inspection and Maintenance of Building Safety,Singapore, 23 October, 1-31.

132 Rahardjo, H., Rezaur, R. B., Leong, E. C. (2009). "Mechanism of rainfall-induced slope failures in tropical regions." KEYNOTE LECTURE. Proceedings of the First Italian Workshop on Landslides (IWL).: "Rainfall-induced Landslides: Mechanisms, Monitoring Techniques and Nowcasting Models for Early Warning Systems", Departimento Di Ingegneria Civile, Seconda Universita di Napoli, Naples, Italy, 8–10 June, Vol. 1, 31–42.

131 Rahardjo, H., Rezaur, R. B., Leong, E. C., Alonso, E. E., Lloret, A., Gens, A. (2008). "Monitoring and modeling of slope response to climate changes." KEYNOTE LECTURE. Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Landslides and Engineered Slopes. Chinese Institution of Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering – China Civil Engineering Society, Chinese National Commission on Engineering Geology, Chinese Society of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, Geotechnical Division of the Hong Kong Institution of Engineers, Xi’an, China, 30 June–4 July, Vol. 1, 67-84.

130 Jotisankasa, A., Kulsawan, B., Toll, D. G., Rahardjo, H. (2008). "Studies of rainfall-induced landslides in Thailand and Singapore." Proceedings of the 1st European Conference on Unsaturated Soils. Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom, 30 June–4 July, 901-907.

129 Rahardjo, H., Satyanaga, A., Leong, E. C. (2008). "Role of real time monitoring in slope stability." KEYNOTE LECTURE. Proceedings of the International Seminar on Civil and Infrastructure Engineering 2008 for Environmental Sustainability. Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia, 11-12 June, 1-20.

128 Rahardjo, H., Rezaur, R. B., Leong, E. C. (2008). "Role of antecedent rainfall in slope stability." KEYNOTE LECTURE. Proceedings of GEOTROPIKA 2008. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 26-27 May, 1-19.

127 Rahardjo, H., Krisdani, H., Leong, E. C., Ng, Y. S., Foo, M. D., Wang, C. L., (2007). "Unsaturated soil mechanics for solving seepage and slope stability problems." KEYNOTE LECTURE. Proceedings of Twelfth International Colloquium on Structural and Geotechnical Engineering. Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt, 10–12 December, 1-38.

126 Rahardjo, H., Satyanaga, A., Leong, E. C., Ng, Y. S., Foo, M. D., Wang, C. L. (2007). "Slope failures in Singapore due to rainfall." Proceedings of 10th Australia New Zealand Conference on Geomechanics "Common Ground", Brisbane, Australia, 21-24 October, 704-709.

125 Rahardjo, H., Krisdani, H., Leong, E. C., Ng, Y. S., Foo, M. D., Wang, C. L. (2007). "Capillary barrier as slope cover." Proceedings of 10th Australia New Zealand Conference on Geomechanics "Common Ground", Brisbane, Australia, 21-24 October, Vol.2, 698-703.

124 Rahardjo, H., Satyanaga, A., Leong, E. C. (2007). "Unsaturated soil mechanics for slope stability." INVITED LECTURE. Proceedings of 2007 National Conference of Korean Geotechnical Society (KGS), Busan, Korea, 14-15 September, 1-21.


123 Rahardjo, H., Krisdani, H., Leong, E. C. (2007). "Application of unsaturated soil mechanics in capillary barrier system." INVITED LECTURE. Proceedings of 3rd Asian Conference on Unsaturated Soils, Nanjing, China, 21-23 April, 127–137.

122 Rahardjo, H., Satyanaga, A., Leong, E. C. (2007). "Characteristics of pore-water pressure response in slopes during rainfall." Proceedings of 3rd Asian Conference on Unsaturated Soils, Nanjing, China, 21-23 April, 493-498.

121 Cahyadi, J., Leong, E. C., Rahardjo, H. (2007). "Poisson’s ratio of compacted residual soils." Proceedings of 3rd Asian Conference on Unsaturated Soils, Nanjing, China, 21-23 April, 191-196.

120 Leong, E. C., Wee, H. S., Rahardjo, H. (2007). "One-dimensional compressibility of unsaturated soils." Proceedings of 3rd Asian Conference on Unsaturated Soils, Nanjing, China, 21-23 April, 237–242.

119 Meer, M. H. R., Leong, E. C., Rahardjo, H. (2007). "Seismic velocities of unsaturated soils." Proceedings of 3rd Asian Conference on Unsaturated Soils, Nanjing, China, 21-23 April, 267–272.

118 Rahardjo, H., Tami, D., Leong, E. C. (2006). "Effectiveness of sloping capillary barriers under high precipitation rates." KEYNOTE LECTURE. Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Problematic Soils, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia, 3-5 December, 39–54.

117 Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C. (2006). "Suction measurements." KEYNOTE LECTURE. Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Unsaturated Soils, Geo Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A., 2-5 April, 81–104.

116 Krisdani, H., Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C. (2006). "Experimental study of 1-d capillary barrier model using geosynthetic material as the coarse-grained layer." Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Unsaturated Soils, Geo Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A., 2-5 April, 1683–1694.

115 Indrawan, I. G. B., Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C. (2006). "Study of infiltration characteristics in the field." Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Unsaturated Soils, Geo Institute. Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A., 2-5 April, 179–190.

114 Thu, T. M., Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C. (2006). "Effect of hysteresis on shear strength envelopes from constant water content and consolidated drained triaxial tests." Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Unsaturated Soils, Geo Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A., 2-5 April, 1212–1222.

113 Leong, E. C., Cahyadi, J., Rahardjo, H. (2006). "Stiffness of a compacted residual soil." Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Unsaturated Soils, Geo Institute Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A., 2-5 April, 1169–1180.

112 Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C., Thu, T. M. (2005). "Application of soil-water characteristic curve in geotechnical engineering." Proceedings of the International Workshop, Hanoi Geoengineering 2005, Hanoi, Vietnam, November 25, 86–94.


111 Rahardjo, H., Rezaur, R. B., Hritzuk, K. J., Leong, E. C. (2005). "Slope failures in Singapore: case study of two landslides." KEYNOTE LECTURE. Proceedings of International Seminar on Slope Disasters in Geomorphological / Geotechnical Engineering, Kobe, Japan, 9-10 September, 59–70.

110 Krisdani, H., Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C. (2005). "Behaviour of capillary barrier system constructed using residual soil." Proceeding of Geo-Frontiers Conference on Innovative Barriers and Barrier Materials, Austin, Texas, USA, 24-26 January, 1–15.

109 Tay, C. M., Tan, K. M., Tjin, S. C., Chan, C. C., Rahardjo, H. (2004). "Humidity sensing using plastic optical fibers." Sensors for Harsh Environments (ed. Anbo Wang) Proceedings of SPIE 5590, The International Society for Optical Engineering, Bellingham, WA, USA, Vol. 5590, 77-83.

108 Faisal, A., Rahardjo, H. (2004). "Unsaturated residual soils." INVITED PAPER. Proceedings of the Symposium on Tropical Residual Soil, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Malaysia, 6-7 July, 57–71.

107 Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C., Indrawan, I. G. B.(2004). "Significance of unsaturated soils in rainfall-induced slope failures." INVITED PAPER. Proceedings of Field-wise Seminar "Enhancement of Strategic Plan Towards Sustainable Education and Research on Geological Engineering AUN / SEED-Net JICA and University of Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia, 19-20 January, 96-117.

106 Meilani, I., Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C. (2003). "Shear strength characteristics under infiltration conditions." Proceedings of 2nd Asian Conference on Unsaturated Soils. Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Issues. Osaka, Japan, 11-12 November, 209-214.

105 Tami, D., Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C. (2003). "Comparison of numerical and experimental data from a capillary barrier model." Proceedings of 2nd Asian Conference on Unsaturated Soils. Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Issues. Osaka, Japan, 11-12 November, 351-356.

104 Leong, E. C., Rahardjo, H., Fredlund, D. G. (2003). "A comparative study of constitutive models for unsaturated soils." Proceedings of 2nd Asian Conference on Unsaturated Soils. Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Issues. Osaka, Japan, 11-12 November, 41-46.

103 Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C. (2003). "Laboratory tests for characterisation of unsaturated soils." STATE OF THE ART REPORT. Proceedings of 2nd Asian Conference on Unsaturated Soils. Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Issues. Osaka, Japan, 11-12 November, 1-20.

102 Tripathy, S., Leong, E. C., Rahardjo, H. (2003). "Suction of compacted residual soils." Proceedings of the ISSMGE International Conference "From Experimental Evidence towards Numerical Modelling of Unsaturated Soils", Weimar, Germany, September 18-19.

101 Leong, E. C., Rahardjo, H., Zhang, X. H. (2003). "Pore-water pressure in residual soil slopes." Proceedings of the 12th Asian Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (12ARC). Singapore, August 4-8.


100 Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C., Rezaur, R. B. (2003). "Shear strength characteristics of residual soils in Singapore." KEYNOTE PAPER. In: An International Conference on Problematic Soil (I. Jefferson & M Frost, eds)., Nottingham, UK, 29-30 July, 2003, 99-118 (ISBN 981-04-8562-X).

99 Leong, E. C., Rahardjo, H., Cheong, H. K. (2003). "Stiffness-strain relationship of Singapore residual soils." Proceedings of the 2003 Pacific Conference on Earthquake Engineering, ISBN 0-473-09372-3, Christchurch, New Zealand, February 13-15, Paper No. 160.

98 Leong, E. C., Rahardjo, H., Tang, S. K. (2002). "Characterisation and engineering properties of Singapore residual soils." INVITED PAPER. Proceedings of International Workshop on Characterisation and Engineering Properties of Natural Soils, Singapore, December 2-4, Vol. 2, 1279-1304.

97 Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C., Rezaur, R. B. (2002). "Unsaturated soil mechanics for the study of rainfall-induced slope failures." INVITED LECTURE. Proceedings of the 4th National German Workshop on Unsaturated Soils, Weimar, Germany, October 11, 1-10.

96 Rahardjo, H., Aung, K. K., Leong, E. C., Rezaur, R. B. (2002). "Effects of pore-size distribution on engineering properties of residual soils." Geotechnical Engineering and Transportation: Proceedings of the 2nd World Engineering Congress: Engineering Innovation and Sustainability: Global Challenges and Issues/editors: Bujang B.K. Huat et al., Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia, July 22-25, 70-76.

95 Leong, E. C., Eriktius, D. T., Tan, J. L., Rahardjo, H. (2002). "Properties of municipal solid waste fly ash." Geotechnical Engineering and Transportation: Proceedings of the 2nd World Engineering Congress: Engineering Innovation and Sustainability: Global Challenges and Issues/editors: Bujang B.K. Huat et al., Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia, July 22-25, 10-16.

94 Tami, D., Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C. (2002). "Laboratory model of capillary barrier." Proceedings of the International Workshop on Environmental Geomechanics, Ascona, Switzerland, June 30–July 5, 267-273.

93 Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C., Rezaur, R. B. (2002). "Studies of rainfall-induced slope failures." KEYNOTE LECTURE. Proceedings of the SLOPE2002 National Seminar: Landslides and Slope Stability, Bandung, Indonesia, April 26-27, 15-29.

92 Leong, E. C., Rahardjo, H. (2002). "Soil-water characteristic curves of compacted residual soils." Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Unsaturated Soils, UNSAT 2002, Recife, Brazil, March 10-13, Vol.1, 271-276.

91 Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C. (2002). "Horizontal drains in unsaturated soil slopes." Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Unsaturated Soils, UNSAT 2002, Recife, Brazil, March 10-13, Vol. 2, 773-777.

90 Fredlund, D. G., Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C., Ng, C. W. W. (2001). "Suggestions and recommendations for the interpretation of soil-water characteristic curves." Proceedings of the 14th Southeast Asian Geotechnical Conference, Hong Kong, December 10-14, Vol.1, 503–508.


89 Tripathy, S., Leong, E. C., Rahardjo, H. (2001). "Development of a field device for indirect measurement of soil suction." Proceedings of the 14th Southeast Asian Geotechnical Conference, Hong Kong, December 10-14, Vol.1, 587–592.

88 Tou, J. H., Leong, E. C., Rahardjo, H., Cheong, H. K. (2001). "Determination of gmax of residual soils using bender elements." Proceedings of the 14th Southeast Asian Geotechnical Conference, Hong Kong, December 10-14, Vol.1, 581–586.

87 Eriktius, D. T., Leong, E. C., Rahardjo, H. (2001). "Shear strength of peaty soil-cement mixes." Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Soft Soil Engineering (3rd ICSSE), Hong Kong, December 6-8, 551–556.

86 Tan, J. L., Leong, E. C., Rahardjo, H. (2001). "Compressibility characteristics of peaty soils." Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Soft Soil Engineering (3rd ICSSE), Hong Kong, December 6-8, 689-694.

85 Leong, E. C., Rahardjo, H., Fredlund, D. G. (2001). "Applications of unsaturated soil mechanics in geotechnical engineering." Proceedings of the Eighth East Asia-Pacific Conference on Structural Engineering & Construction (EASEC-8), Singapore, December 5-7, 1-6.

84 Zhang, X. H., Leong, E. C., Rahardjo, H. (2001). "Evaluation of a thermal conductivity sensor for measurement of matric suction in residual soil slopes" Proceedings of the 14th Southeast Asian Geotechnical Conference, Hong Kong, December 10-14, Vol.1, 611-616.

83 Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C., Rezaur, R. B. (2001). "Instrumented slopes for the study of rainfall-induced slope failures." INVITED PRESENTATION in Workshop on "Rain-induced Landslides." Organised by the Asian Technical Committee on Geotechnology for Natural Hazards (ATC3), Proceedings of the 14th Southeast Asian Geotechnical Conference, Hong Kong, 10-14 December, Vol.3, 1-7.

82 Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C., Rezaur, R. B. (2001). "Assessment and instrumentation of slopes for stability against rainfall." INVITED PANEL PRESENTATION in Session 6 "Specialty Session on Slope Engineering." Proceedings of the 14th Southeast Asian Geotechnical Conference, Hong Kong, 10-14 December, Vol.1, 675 – 684.

81 Rahardjo, H. (2001). "Understanding of residual soil through unsaturated soil mechanics." INVITED THEME LECTURE in Session 4 "Theoretical Advances and Scientific Innovations." Proceedings of the 14th Southeast Asian Geotechnical Conference, Hong Kong, 10-14 December.

80 Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C., Rezaur, R. B. (2001). "Rainfall-induced slope failures: mechanism and assessment." KEYNOTE LECTURE. Proceedings of the International Conference on Management of the Land and Water Resources, MLWR: "Saving our Water and Protecting Our Land", Hanoi, Vietnam, October 20-22, 281-291.


79 Rahardjo, H. (2001). "Shear strength measurements under infiltration conditions." INVITED PRESENTATION in the Discussion Session 1.3 "Recent Developments in Laboratory Techniques for Unsaturated Soils." Proceedings of 15th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ICSMGE), Istanbul, Turkey, August 27-31.

78 Toll, D. G., I. Tsaparas, Rahardjo, H. (2001). "The influence of rainfall sequences on negative pore-water pressures within slopes." Proceedings of 15th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ICSMGE), Istanbul, Turkey, August 27-31, 1269-1272.

77 Lee, D. T. T., Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C. (2001). "Runoff measurements on residual hillslopes from simulated and natural rainfall events." Proceedings of the International Conference on In situ Measurement of Soil Properties and Case Histories, Bali, Indonesia, May 21-24, 295-301.

76 Agus, S. S., Leong, E. C., Rahardjo, H. (2001). "Evaluation of field permeability measurements for residual soils." Proceedings of the International Conference on In situ Measurement of Soil Properties and Case Histories, Bali, Indonesia, May 21-24, 263-268.

75 Wibawa, B., Rahardjo, H. (2001). "Stabilization of compacted swelling clayey soils." Proceedings of the International Symposium on Suction, Swelling, Permeability and Structure of Clays, Shizouka, Japan, January 11-13, Balkema, 125-130.

74 Leong, E. C., M. Kamon, Rahardjo, H., Kogure, K., Teh, C. I., Noto, S. (2000). "Geotechnical properties of Singapore and Japan peaty soils." Proceedings of JSPS Conference, Singapore, December, 138-145.

73 Leong, E. C., Rahardjo, H., Low, B. K., Kitamura, R., Tateyama, K. (2000). "Field measurement of suction in Singapore and Japan." Proceedings of JSPS Conference, Singapore, December, 164-171.

72 Kitamura, R., Tateyama, K., Leong, E. C., Rahardjo, H., Low, B. K.(2000). "Hydraulic properties of unsaturated soils in Japan and Singapore." Proceedings of JSPS Conference, Singapore, December, 179-184.

71 Chiu, C. F., Ng, C. W. W., Rahardjo, H. (2000). "Laboratory investigation of loosely compacted fill subjected to rainfall infiltration and its implication to fill slope design." Proceedings of the International Conference on Geotechnical & Geological Engineering, GeoEng2000, Melbourne, Australia, November 19-24.

70 Winn, Kar, Rahardjo, H., Seh, C. P. (2000). "Shear strength and permeability characteristics of residual soils in Singapore." Proceedings of the International Conference on Geotechnical & Geological Engineering, GeoEng2000, Melbourne, Australia, November 19-24.

69 Eriktius, D. T., Leong, E. C., Rahardjo, H. (2000). "Use of municipal solid waste fly ash as an admixture for peaty soils." Proceedings of the Fourth Kansai International Geotechnical Forum (KIGForum 2000), Kyoto, Japan, May 24-26, 149-154.


68 Tan, J. L., Leong, E. C., Rahardjo, H. (2000). "Potential utilization of the Singapore peaty soils." Proceedings of the Fourth Kansai International Geotechnical Forum (KIGForum 2000), Kyoto, Japan, May 24-26, 143-148.

67 Ng, C. W. W., C. F. Chiu, Rahardjo, H. (2000). "Laboratory study of loosely compacted unsaturated volcanic fill materials in Hong Kong." in "Unsaturated Soils for Asia", eds.: Rahardjo, H. et al., Proceedings of the Asian Conference on Unsaturated Soils (UNSAT-ASIA 2000).-From Theory to Practice, Singapore, May 18-19, Balkema, 551-556.

66 Yang, D. Q., Kong, S. K., Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C. (2000). " Water flow in unsaturated soil slopes with horizontal drains." in "Unsaturated Soils for Asia", eds.: Rahardjo, H. et al., Proceedings of the Asian Conference on Unsaturated Soils (UNSAT-ASIA 2000)-From Theory to Practice, Singapore, May 18-19, Balkema, 211-216.

65 Tan, J. L., Leong, E. C., Rahardjo, H. (2000). " Soil-water characteristics curves of peaty soils." in "Unsaturated Soils for Asia", eds.: Rahardjo, H. et al., Proceedings of the Asian Conference on Unsaturated Soils (UNSAT-ASIA 2000)-From Theory to Practice, Singapore, May 18-19, Balkema, 357-362.

64 Agus, S. S., Leong, E. C., Rahardjo, H. (2000). "A triaxial permeameter for unsaturated soils." in "Unsaturated Soils for Asia", eds.: Rahardjo, H. et al., Proceedings of the Asian Conference on Unsaturated Soils (UNSAT-ASIA 2000)-From Theory to Practice, Singapore, May 18-19, Balkema, 365-370.

63 Deutscher, M. S., Gasmo, J. M., Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C., Tang, S. K. (2000). "Field measurements of pore-water pressure profiles in residual soil slopes of the Bukit Timah granite formation, Singapore." in "Unsaturated Soils for Asia", eds.: Rahardjo, H. et al., Proceedings of the Asian Conference on Unsaturated Soils (UNSAT-ASIA 2000)-From Theory to Practice, Singapore, May 18-19, Balkema, 777-782.

62 Gasmo, J. M., Rahardjo, H., Deutscher, M. S., Leong, E. C. (2000). " Preliminary assessment of slope stability with respect to rainfall-induced slope failures." in "Unsaturated Soils for Asia", Rahardjo, H. et al eds., Proceedings of the Asian Conference on Unsaturated Soils (UNSAT-ASIA 2000)-From Theory to Practice, Singapore, May 18-19, Balkema, 783-788.

61 Wibawa, B., Rahardjo, H., (2000). " Properties of swelling soils in west java." in "Unsaturated Soils for Asia", Rahardjo, H. et al eds., Proceedings of the Asian Conference on Unsaturated Soils (UNSAT-ASIA 2000)-From Theory to Practice, Singapore, May 18-19, Balkema, 751-756.

60 Tsaparas, I., Toll, D. G., Rahardjo, H. (2000). " Influence of rainfall sequences on the seepage conditions within a slope : a parametric study." in "Unsaturated Soils for Asia", Rahardjo, H. et al eds., Proceedings of the Asian Conference on Unsaturated Soils (UNSAT-ASIA 2000)-From Theory to Practice, Singapore, May 18-19, Balkema, 837-842.

59 Aung, K. K., Rahardjo, H., Toll, D. G., Leong, E. C. (2000). "Mineralogy and microfabric of unsaturated residual soil." in "Unsaturated Soils for Asia", Rahardjo, H. et al eds., Proceedings of the Asian Conference on Unsaturated Soils (UNSAT-ASIA 2000)-From Theory to Practice, Singapore, May 18-19, Balkema, 317-321.


58 Wong, J. C., Rahardjo, H., Toll, D. G., Leong, E. C. (2000). "Shear strength of undisturbed Bukit Timah granite soils under infiltration conditions." in "Unsaturated Soils for Asia", Rahardjo, H. et al eds., Proceedings of the Asian Conference on Unsaturated Soils (UNSAT-ASIA 2000)-From Theory to Practice, Singapore, May 18-19, Balkema, 587-592.

57 Toll, D. G., Ong, B. H., Rahardjo, H. (2000). "Triaxial testing of unsaturated samples of undisturbed residual soils from Singapore" in "Unsaturated Soils for Asia", Rahardjo, H. et al eds., Proceedings of the Asian Conference on Unsaturated Soils (UNSAT-ASIA 2000)-From Theory to Practice, Singapore, May 18-19, Balkema, 581-586.

56 Han, K. K., Rahardjo, H., (2000). "Mechanism of rain-induced slope failures in residual soils." in "Unsaturated Soils for Asia", Rahardjo, H. et al eds., Proceedings of the Asian Conference on Unsaturated Soils (UNSAT-ASIA 2000)-From Theory to Practice, Singapore, May 18-19, Balkema, 505-508.

55 Agus, S. S., Leong, E. C., Rahardjo, H. (1999). "Field measurements of permeability for residual soils." Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Field Measurements in Geomechanics, Singapore, December 1-3, 537-542.

54 He, L., Leong, E. C., Rahardjo, H. (1999). "Rapid measurement of soil matric suction by time-domain reflectometry." Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Field Measurements in Geomechanics, Singapore, December 1-3, 543-548.

53 Lee, T. T., Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C. (1999). "Simulation and natural runoff measurement on residual hillslopes." Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Field Measurements in Geomechanics, Singapore, December 1-3, 387-391.

52 Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C., Gasmo, J. M. (1999). "Applications of unsaturated soil mechanics in slope stability." KEYNOTE LECTURE. Proceedings of the GEOTROPIKA’99, Johor Bahru, November 22-24, 3-22.

51 Leong, E. C., Low, B. K., Rahardjo, H. (1999). "Suction profiles and stability of residual soil slopes." Proceedings of IS-SHIKOKU’99, International Symposium on Slope Stability Engineering, Matsuyama, Shikoku, Japan, November 8-11, 387-392.

50 Leong, E. C., Rahardjo, H., Gasmo, J. M., Deustcher, M. S. (1999). "Ground penetrating radar technique for site characterization in residual soils." Proceedings of 11th Asian Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Seoul, Korea, August 16-20, 27-30.

49 Toll, D. G., Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C. (1999). "Landslides in Singapore." Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Landslides, Slope Stability and the Safety of Infra-Structures, Singapore, July 27-28, 269-276.

48 Leong, E. C., Rahardjo, H., Tang, S. K., Chiam, S. L. (1998). "Role of soil cover in maintaining slope stability." Proceedings of 13th Southeast Asian Geotechnical Conference, Taipei, Taiwan, November 16-20, 99-104.


47 Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C., Gasmo, J. M., Deustcher, M. S. (1998). "Rainfall-induced slope failures in Singapore : investigation and repairs." Proceedings of 13th Southeast Asian Geotechnical Conference, Taipei, Taiwan, November 16-20, 147-152.

46 Leong, E. C., Rahardjo, H., (1998). "A review on soil classification systems." Proceedings of International Symposium on Problematic Soils, Sendai, Tohoku, Japan, October 28-30, Vol. 1, 493-497.

45 Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C., Han, K. K. (1998). "Shear strength characteristics of residual soil under infiltration." Proceedings of International Symposium on Problematic Soils, Sendai, Tohoku, Japan, October 28-30, Vol. 1, 461-464.

44 Yang, D. Q., Alonso, E. E., Rahardjo, H. (1998). "Modelling of the volumetric behaviour of an unsaturated expansive soil ." Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Unsaturated Soils, Beijing, China, August 27-30, Vol.2, 249–254.

43 Leong, E. C., Rahardjo, H., Deustcher, M. S., Quan, C. N. (1998). "Instrumentation and a data acquisition system for the study of a residual soil slope at a remote site." Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Unsaturated Soils, Beijing, China, August 27-30, Vol. 2, 383-388.

42 Leong, E. C., Rahardjo, H., Chiam, S. L., Gan, C. C. (1998). "Suction profiles of a residual soil slope as affected by climatic conditions." Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Unsaturated Soils, Beijing, China, August 27-30, Vol. 2, 231-236.

41 Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C., Gasmo, J. M., Tang, S. K. (1998). "Assessment of rainfall effects on stability of residual soil slopes." Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Unsaturated Soils, Beijing, China, August 27-30, Vol. 2, 280-285.

40 Leong, E. C., Rahardjo, H. (1997). "Factors affecting slope instability due to rainwater infiltration." Proceedings of the Second Japan National Symposium on Environmental Geotechnology, Uji, Kyoto, Japan, November 20-22, 163-168.

39 Gasmo, J. M., Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C., Choa, V. (1997). "Instrumentation and long-term monitoring of residual soil slopes." Proceedings of 2nd Panamerican Symposium on Landslides, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, November 10-14.

38 Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C., Choa, V. (1997). "Characterization of residual soil properties for analyses of rainfall-induced slope instability." Proceedings of XIVth International Conference on Soil Mechanics & Foundation Engineering, Hamburg, Germany, September 6-12, Vol.1, pp.577-580.

37 Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C. (1997). "Soil-water characteristic curves and flux boundary problems." INVITED PAPER. Proceedings of the Unsaturated Soil Engineering Practice, Geo-Logan’97, GEO-INSTITUTE, ASCE, Logan, Utah, USA, July 16-19, 88-112.


36 Yang, D. Q., Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C., Choa, V., Kong, S. K. (1997). "A coupled heat, moisture and air flow model for unsaturated soils." Proceedings of the Third Young Geotechnical Engineers Conference, Singapore, May 14-16, 337-346.

35 Soemitro, R. A., Leong, E. C., Rahardjo, H., Choa, V. (1997). "Application of soil-water characteristic curve to vacuum preloading." Proceedings of the Third Young Geotechnical Engineers Conference, Singapore, May 14-16, 221-230.

34 Yang, D. Q., Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C., Choa, V. (1997). "Fully coupled heat-moisture-air-deformation analyses for foundations on unsaturated expansive soils." Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Structural and Foundations in Civil Engineering", Hong Kong, January 7-10."

33 Leong, E. C., Rahardjo, H. (1996). "Soil-water characteristic curves from drying and wetting of a residual soil." Proceedings of 7th Australia New Zealand Conference on Geomechanics, Adelaide, Australia, July 1-5, 418-423.

32 Rahardjo, H., Chang, M. F., Lim, T. T. (1996). "Stability of residual soil slopes as affected by rainfalls." Proceeding of 7th International Symposium on Landslides, Trondheim, Norway, June 17-21, 1109-1114.

31 Lim, T. T., Rahardjo, H., Chang, M. F. (1996). "Climatic effects on negative pore-water pressures in a residual soil slope." Proceedings of 12th Southeast Asian Geotechnical Conference, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, May 6-10, Vol.1, 569-574.

30 Rahardjo, H., Han, K. K. (1995). "Shear strength of unsaturated soils as it applies to slope instability problems." KEY LECTURE, Proceedings of Symposium on Unsaturated Soil Behaviour and Applications, Nairobi, Kenya, August 22-23, 57-87.

29 Parashar, S. P., Wong, K. S., Choa, V., Rahardjo, H. (1995). "Shear strength, volume change and permeability characteristics of a compacted residual soil." Proceedings of 1st International Conference on Unsaturated Soils, Paris, France, September 6-8, Vol. I, 165-170.

28 Leong, E. C., Rahardjo, H. (1995). "Typical soil - water characteristics curves for two residual soils from granitic and sedimentary formations." Proceedings of 1st International Conference on Unsaturated Soils, Paris, France, September 6-8, Vol. II, 519-524.

27 Han, K. K., Rahardjo, H., Broms, B. B. (1995). "Effect of hysteresis on the shear strength of a residual soil." Proceedings of 1st International Conference on Unsaturated Soils, Paris, France, September 6-8, Vol.II, 499-504.

26 Rahardjo, H., Chang, M. F., Lim, T. T. (1995). "Shear strength and in situ matric suction of a residual soil." Proceedings of 1st International Conference on Unsaturated Soils, Paris, France, September 6-8, Vol. II, 637-643.


25 Rahardjo, H., Fredlund, D. G. (1995). "Pore pressure and volume change behaviour during undrained and drained loadings of an unsaturated soil." Proceedings of 1st International Conference on Unsaturated Soils, Paris, France, September 6-8, Vol. I, 177-182.

24 Lim, T. T., Rahardjo, H. (1994). "Field measurement of matric suction in a residual soil slope." Proceedings of International Conference on Landslides, Slope Stability & the Safety of Infra-Structures, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 13-14 September, 227-234.

23 Sun, J., Rahardjo, H., Fredlund, D. G. (1994). "A technique to perform coupled consolidation analysis using two independent softwares." Proceedings of the First Congress on Computing in Civil Engineering, Washington, D.C. USA, June 20-22, Vol.1, 849-856.

22 Rahardjo, H., Han, K. K. (1994). "Application of unsaturated soil mechanics in understanding residual soil behaviour." INVITED PAPER, Proceedings of International Development and Research Centre(IDRC), Sino-Canadian Symposium on Unsaturated/ Expansive Soils, Wuhan, China, 7-8 June, 41-56.

21 Fredlund, D. G., Rahardjo, H. (1994). "Hillside slope stability assessment in unsaturated residual soils." INVITED PAPER, Proceedings of IKRAM Seminar on Geotechnical Aspects of Hillside Development, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 11-12 April, 1-41.

20 Fredlund, D. G., Rahardjo, H. (1993). "An overview of unsaturated soil behaviour." KEYNOTE ADDRESS, Proceedings of the 1993 ASCE Convention on Unsaturated Soils, Dallas, Texas, 21-24 October, 1-31.

19 Fredlund, D. G., Rahardjo, H. (1993). "The role of unsaturated soil behaviour in geotechnical engineering practice." SPECIAL LECTURE, Proceedings of 11th Southeast Asian Geotechnical Conference, Singapore, 4-8 May, 37-49.

18 Rahardjo, H., Fredlund, D. G. (1993). "Stress paths for shear strength testing of unsaturated soils." Proceedings of 11th Southeast Asian Geotechnical Conference, Singapore, 4-8 May, 187-192.

17 Fredlund, D. G., Rahardjo, H., Ng, T. (1993). "Effect of pore-air and negative pore-water pressures on stability at the end-of-construction." Proceedings of International Conference on Dam Engineering, Johor Bahru, Malaysia, 12-13 January, 43-51.

16 Tadepalli, R., Fredlund, D. G., Rahardjo, H. (1992). "Soil collapse and matric suction change." Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Expansive Soils, Dallas, Texas, USA., August 3-5, Vol. 1, 286-291.

15 Rahardjo, H., Fredlund, D. G., Fan, K. K. (1992). "Slope stability and lateral earth force inter-slice functions based on finite element analysis." Proceedings of ASCE Specialty Conference on Stability and Performance of Slopes and Embankments-II, University of California at Berkeley, California, U.S.A., June 29-July 1, Vol.1, 325-341.


14 Rahardjo, H., Fredlund, D. G. (1992). "Mechanics of soils with matric suction." Proceedings of the International Conference on Geotechnical Engineering '92, GEOTROPIKA '92, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia, April 21-23, 593-605.

13 Rahardjo, H., Fredlund, D. G., Vanapalli, S. K. (1992). "Use of linear and nonlinear shear strength versus matric suction relations in slope stability analyses." Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Landslides, Christchurch, New Zealand, February 10-14, Vol. I, 531-537.

12 Fredlund, D. G., Rahardjo, H., (1991). "Stress state variable approach to the prediction of heave." Proceedings of the International Workshop on Clay Swelling and Expansive Soils, Ithaca, N.Y., USA, August 12-16.

11 Lau, J. T. K., Fredlund, D. G., Rahardjo, H. (1991). "Comparisons of elastic and plastic approaches to the prediction of depth of cracking." Proceedings of the 13th Canadian Congress of Applied Mechanics, Winnipeg, Manitoba, June 2-6.

10 Rahardjo, H., Fredlund, D. G. (1991). "Calculation procedures for slope stability analyses involving negative pore-water pressures." Proceedings of the International Conference on Slope Stability Engineering - Developments and Applications, Shanklin, Isle of Wight, England, April 15-19, The Institution of Civil Engineers, 43-49.

9 Rahardjo, H., Ho, D. Y. F., Fredlund, D. G. (1990). "Testing procedures for obtaining volume change indices during loading of an unsaturated soil." Proceedings of 1990 CSCE Annual Conference, Hamilton, May 15-18, Vol. II - 2, 558-573.

8 Rahardjo, H., Loi, J., Fredlund, D. G. (1989). "Typical matric suction measurements in the laboratory and in the field using thermal conductivity sensors." Proceedings of Indian Geotechnical Conference - 89, Visakhapatnam, India, December 14 - 16, Vol. I, 127-131.

7 Fredlund, D. G., Rahardjo, H. (1988). "State of development in the measurement of soil suction." Proceedings of International Conference on Engineering Problems on Regional Soils, Beijing, China, August 11-15, 582-588.

6 Fredlund, D. G., Rahardjo, H., Gan, J. (1987). "Non-linearity of strength envelope for unsaturated soils." Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Expansive Soils, New Delhi, India, December 1-3, Vol. 1, 49-54.

5 Fredlund, D. G., Rahardjo, H. (1985). "Theoretical context for understanding unsaturated residual soil behavior." Proceedings of the First International Conference On Geomechanics In Tropical Lateritic and Saprolitic Soils, Tropicals '85, Sao Paulo, Brazil, February 11-14, 295-306.

4 Dakshanamurthy, V., Fredlund, D. G., Rahardjo, H. (1984). "Coupled three-dimensional consolidation theory of unsaturated porous media." Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Expansive Soils, Adelaide, South Australia, May 21-23, 99-103.


3 Fredlund, D. G., Rahardjo, H. (1983). "A comprehensive limit equilibrium software package." Proceedings of the Annual Conference: Recent Developments in Computer Applications in Civil Engineering, Canadian Society for Civil Engineering, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, June 1-3, 39-57.

2 Rahardjo, H., Fredlund, D. G. (1983). "Lateral earth force theory using limit equilibrium." Proceedings of the Ninth Canadian Congress of Applied Mechanics, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, May 30-June 3, 389-390.

1 Pufahl, D. E., Fredlund, D. G., Rahardjo, H. (1981). "Lateral earth pressures in expansive clay soils." Proceedings of the 34th Canadian Geotechnical Conference, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada, September 29-October 2.

REPORTS AND ARTICLES (MONOGRAPHS) 57 Rahardjo, H., Leong, E.C., Satyanaga, A., Gofar, N., Qian, Z., Mohamed, H., Wong, J.L.H., Tan, S.T., Wang, C.L., Lim, V.H., Kew, J.H. and Seow, W.K.(2018). “Geobarrier System for Use in Underground Structure.” Geotechnical Engineering Monograph. NTU-HDB Research Collaboration Project, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, January, 66 pages (ISBN 978-981-11-5909-1).

56 Janiardy, K., Rahardjo, H. and Priono. (2016). “Theoretical analysis and numerical modeling of hydraulic anisotropy behavior of unsaturated soil.” Proceedings of the URECA@NTU 2015-16, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.

55 Tikno, N., Rahardjo, H. and Priono. (2016). “Investigating hydraulic anisotropy behavior of unsaturated soils through laboratory experiments.” Proceedings of the URECA@NTU 2015-16, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.

54 Janiardy, K., Rahardjo, H. and Priono. (2015). “Effect of basic soil properties on hydraulic anisotropy of homogeneous soil.” Proceedings of the URECA@NTU 2014-15, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.

53 Hoang, P. V., Rahardjo, H. and Harnas, F. R. (2014). "Building with recycled materials." Proceedings of the URECA@NTU 2013-14, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.

52 Nathaniel, Rahardjo, H. and Lee, T. T. (2014). "Study of the modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity of green wood of local tress species." Proceedings of the URECA@NTU 2013-14, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.

51 Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C., Satyanaga, A., Ng, Y. S., Tan, H. T. and Hua, C. J. (2014). Slope instrumentation for rainfall-induced slope failures in Singapore, HDB–NTU Collaborative Research Report 1, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 122 pages.

50 Lim, C. C., Rahardjo, H. and Lee, T. T. (2014). "Effect of tree shape and green wood properties on tree stability." Proceedings of the URECA@NTU 2012-13, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, June, 2290-2295.


49 Xiang, S., Rahardjo, H. and Rahimi, A. (2014). "Predicting soil-water characteristic curve from grain-size distribution of soils." Proceedings of the URECA@NTU 2012-13, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, June, 181-185.

48 Lim, Y. S., Rahardjo, H. and Lee, T. T. (2014). "Effect of groundwater table depth on tree stability." Proceedings of the URECA@NTU 2012-13, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, June, 2302-2306.

47 Rahardjo, H., Satyanaga, A. and Mercer, K. (2014). "Application of unsaturated soil mechanics to open pit slope stability." Australian Center for Geomechanics Newsletter, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia, May, Vol. 42, 1-7.

46 Lim, C. C., Rahardjo, H. and Lee, T. T. (2013). The role of tree structure on the stability of trees, Proceedings of the URECA@NTU 2011-12, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.

45 Lim, Y. S., Rahardjo, H. and Lee, T. T. (2013). "The effect on variation of approved soil mixture (ASM) on permeability." Proceedings of the URECA@NTU 2011-12, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.

44 Priono, Rahardjo, H. and Satyanaga, A. (2012). "Relationship between pore size distribution and shear strength of soil." Proceedings of the URECA@NTU 2011-12, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.

43 Albert, Rahardjo, H. and Satyanaga, A. (2012). "Soil water characteristic curve, permeability, and shear strength of recycled concrete aggregate and recycled asphalt pavement." Proceedings of the URECA@NTU 2011-12, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.

42 Sutomo, Rahardjo, H. and Krisnanto, S. (2011). "Spatial variation of water content and matric suction of cracked soil during drying process." Proceedings of the URECA@NTU 2010-11, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.

41 Albert, Rahardjo, H. and Satyanaga, A. (2011). "Recycled concrete as a substitute for natural aggregate." Proceedings of the URECA@NTU 2010-11, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.

40 Priono, Rahardjo, H. and Satyanaga, A. (2011). "Mathematical modeling of grain size distribution, soil-water characteristic curve, pore size distribution and shear strength of soil." Proceedings of the URECA@NTU 2010-11, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.

39 Hoach, T. K., Rahardjo, H. and Satyanaga, A. (2011). "Equations for bimodal grain size distribution and soil-water characteristic curve." Proceedings of the URECA@NTU 2010-11, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.

38 Tan, P. Y., Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C., Ow, G., Harnas, F. R., Wee, R. J. D. and Sahadewa, A. (2011). Development of specialized container technology for growing of street trees in Singapore, CUGE NParks–NTU Collaborative Research Report. Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 196 pages.


37 Rahardjo, H., Harnas, F. R. and Indrawan, I. G. B. (2010). Study on tree root system, Volume 3 of NTU-NParks Collaborative Research Report, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 88 pages.

36 Rahardjo, H., Indrawan, I. G. B. and Harnas, F. R. (2010). Aeration slab study, Volume 2 of NTU-NParks Collaborative Research Report, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 111 pages.

35 Rahardjo, H., Indrawan, I. G. B. and Harnas, F. R. (2010). Soil improvement for tree stability, Volume 1 of NTU-NParks Collaborative Research Report, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 183 pages.

34 Priono, Rahardjo, H. and Satyanaga, A. (2010). "Relationship between pore-size distribution, shear strength, and permeability of soil." Proceedings of the URECA@NTU 2009-10, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, February, 225-230.

33 Rahardjo, H., Lee, T. T., Leong, E. C. and Rezaur, R. B. (2010). "Response characteristics of a residual soil slope to rainfall." Civil Engineering Research Bulletin. Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, January, No. 23, 88-93.

32 Nyunt, T. T., Leong, E. C. and Rahardjo, H. (2009). "Determination of permeability of unsaturated soil using disk infiltrometer." Civil Engineering Research Bulletin, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, January, No. 22, 62–66.

31 Rahardjo, H., Satyanaga, A., Leong, E. C., Ng, Y. S., Foo, M. D. and Wang, C. L. (2008). "Effect of hydraulic properties on slope stability in residual soil." Civil Engineering Research Bulletin, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, May, No. 21, 57-59.

30 Susanto, H. and Rahardjo, H. (2008). "Assessment of rainfall-induced slope failures." Proceedings of the URECA@NTU 2006-07, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, January, 156-159.

29 Tirtawinata, Z. and Rahardjo, H. (2008). "Mechanism of rainfall-induced slope failures." Proceedings of the URECA@NTU 2006-07, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, January, 252-257.

28 Rahardjo, H. and Krisdani, H. (2007). Study of rainfall-induced slope failure, RG 79/05 Research Report, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 73 pages.

27 Rahardjo, H. and Fredlund, D. G. (2007). "Capillary barriers for slope stabilization." Bulletin #12, Golder Unsaturated Soils Group, May 9.

26 Rahardjo, H. and Indrawan, I. G. B. (2007). Soil improvement for sustainable environment, RGM 38/03 Research Report, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 144 pages.


25 Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C. and Indrawan, I. G. B. (2006). "Soil improvement for tree stability." Civil Engineering Research Bulletin, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, January, No. 19, 44-45.

24 Meer, M. H. R., Leong, E. C. and Rahardjo, H. (2005). "Continuous surface wave measurement for site characterization." Civil Engineering Research Bulletin, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, January, 67-69.

23 Rahardjo, H. (2004). Capillary barrier for slope stabilization, RG7/99 Research Report, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 182 pages.

22 Leong, E. C., Rahardjo, H., Cahyadi, J. (2004). "Cyclic triaxial testing of residual soils." Civil Engineering Research Bulletin, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, January, 67-69.

21 Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C., Tami, D. (2004). "Capillary barrier for slope stabilisation." Civil Engineering Research Bulletin, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, January, 70-72.

20 Rahardjo, H. and Rezaur, R. B. (2002). Slope stability in tropical soils, RGM 11/96 Research Report, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 58 pages.

19 Fredlund, D. G., Ng, C. W. W., Rahardjo, H. and Leong, E. C. (2001). "Unsaturated soil mechanics: who needs it?" Geotechnical News, Newsletter of the North American Geotechnical Community, BiTech Publisher Ltd., December, 43-45.

18 Agus, S. S., Leong, E. C. and Rahardjo, H. (2001). NTU triaxial permeameter for unsaturated soils operation and test procedure, GRC Report NTU/GT/2001-2, Nanyang Technological University, November, 36 pages.

17 Teh, C. I., Tay, J. H., Lim, T. T. and Rahardjo, H. (2001). Sorption and speciation of heavy metals in a marine clay, RG16/92 Research Report, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 223 pages.

16 Rahardjo, H., Leong, E. C., Rezaur, R. B., Tang, S. K. and Quan, C. N. (2001). "Rainfall-induced slope failures: mechanism and assessment." Civil Engineering Research Bulletin, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, January, 28-30.

15 Rahardjo, H. (2000). Rainfall-induced slope failures, NSTB 17/6/16 Research Report (Main, Appendix and Addendum reports), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.

14 Leong, E. C. and Rahardjo, H. (1999). "Monitoring of a slope at a remote site for rainfall infiltration study." Civil Engineering Research Bulletin, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, January, 4-5.

13 Rahardjo, H. (1999). Flux boundary conditions for geotechnical problems, RG22/94 Research Report, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 91 pages.

12 Rahardjo, H. (1999). The effect of rainfall on the slope stability of residual soil in Singapore, RP15/91 Research Report, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 160 pages.


11 Leong, E. C. and Rahardjo, H. (1998). "Matric suction changes in a residual soil slope." Civil Engineering Research Bulletin, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, January, 22-23.

10 Leong, E. C. and Rahardjo, H. (1997). "Measurement of permeability for residual soils." Civil Engineering Research Bulletin, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, January, 18-19.

9 Leong, E. C. and Rahardjo, H. (1996). Permeability functions for unsaturated soils, GRC Report NTU/GT/96-6, Nanyang Technological University, October, 24.

8 Leong, E. C. and Rahardjo, H. (1996). A review on soil-water characteristic curve equations, GRC Report NTU/GT/96-5, Nanyang Technological University, October, 27.

7 Chu, J., Chang, M. F. and Rahardjo, H. (1994). "Computerized triaxial system for advanced soil testing." Civil Engineering Research Bulletin, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, January, 14-15.

6 Rahardjo, H. (1992). "Stability analyses of residual slopes involving negative pore-water pressures." Civil Engineering Research Bulletin, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, January, 13-14.

5 Rahardjo, H. (1988). A review on three-dimensional slope stability analyses using limit equilibrium methods, Internal Report, Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada, April, 71 pages.

4 Rahardjo, H. (1983). "Active and Passive Earth Force." SLOPE-II User's Manual S-20, edited by D. G. Fredlund, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, September, 11.I-11.97.

THESIS

3 Rahardjo, H. (1990). The study of undrained and drained behavior of unsaturated soils. Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, 385 pages.

2 Rahardjo, H. (1982). Lateral earth force calculations using limit equilibrium. M.Sc. Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, 184 pages.

1 Rahardjo, H. (1979). Design of an eleven storey library structure in Jakarta. Ir. Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia.

Documents

Unsaturated Soil Mechanics for Sustainable Urban Living ......Unsaturated Soil Mechanics for Sustainable Urban Living Professor Harianto Rahardjo’s Publication list 175 Satyanaga,