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Polyvinylamine‐enhanced Ultrafiltration for Removal of Heavy Metals from Wastewater
Yifeng Huang, and Xianshe Feng
IPR Symposium 201421 May 2014, Waterloo, ON
University of WaterlooDepartment of Chemical EngineeringMembrane & Separations Laboratory
1IP
R 20
14
IntroductionContamination of heavy metals
2
Cr Co Ni Cu Ag Cd Hg PbB As
Sources to wastewater:• Batteries• Mining industry• Petrochemical industry• Manufacture
Contaminants(Total amount)
aMaximum Allowable Discharge Conc. (mg/L)
bDrinking Water Regulations (mg/L)
bPublic Health Goal(mg/L)
Lead (Pb) 1 0.015 Zero
Copper (Cu) Not defined 1.3 1.3
Nickel (Ni) 1 Not defined Not defined
Mercury (Hg) 0.05 0.002 0.002
Cadmium (Cd) 0.1 0.005 0.005
Chromium (Cr) 1.5 0.1 0.1
Arsenic (As) 0.5 0.01 zero
a: National Standard of the P.R.China Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standardb: National Primary Drinking Water Regulations from USEPA
IPR
2014
3
IntroductionPolymer‐enhanced ultrafiltration (PEUF)
Images fromRivas B. L. and M. V. Ignacio, Water‐soluble polymer–metal ion interactions, Progress in Polymer Science, 28 (2003) 173‐208.
Adding Water soluble polymer
Electrostatic interactions;Coordination
MWCO: Molecular Weight Cut‐Off;EDTA: Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
UF membrane
Water soluble polymer
• High content of Functional Groups• Molecular weight greater than the MWCO of UF membranes
• Sufficient solubility in aqueous solution
Metal‐EDTA complex Cobalt(III) complex
Coordination examples:
IPR
2014
4
Results and discussionMetal removal by PVAm‐enhanced UF
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Met
al re
ject
ion
Filtrated weight (g)
UF membrane: PES‐10;[PVAm]: 1wt%;[M]: 25 ppm;Pressure: 30 psi
Mn²⁺
Ni²⁺
Co²⁺
Cu²⁺
Polyvinylamine (PVAm)
CH2
CH
CH
H2C
CH CH2
CHH2N NH2
NH2
NH2
Mn+ CH2
CH
NH2
CH2
CH NH2
H2C
CHH2N
H2C CH
NH2CH2
CH
CH2
CHNH2
H2N
Mn+
x y
zH2C CH
CH2
H2N
CH
CH2
H2N
CH
NH2
H2C CH
H2N
CH2 CH
NH2
Mn+x
y
z
Pressure regulator
Valve
Pressuregauge
Stirrer
Membrane
Ultrafiltration cell
Permeate
Balance
Magneticstirrer
N2 PVAm + Metal ions
Lupamin 9095 (BASF);
: 340,000
IPR
2014
5
Summary
Polyvinylamine is proved to work for heavy metal removal using PEUF
• Metal rejection, Co2+: 89.0%, Cu2+: 99.3%, Ni2+: 98.8%, Mn2+: 40% ([PVAm]: 1wt%, [metals]: 25ppm)
The metal rejections in PEUF are highly related to the coordination interactions between PVAm and heavy metals
Potential application in the separation of mercury and arsenic from wastewater
IPR
2014
6IP
R 20
14