University of Nigeria Virtual Library

Serial No ISBN 998- 31059- 3- 0

Author 1 NWADIKE, Uzoma. I

Author 2

Author 3

Title Agumugu Odinala: Nkowa, Ejirimara na Ngosiputa

Keywords

Description Agumugu Odinala: Nkowa, Ejirimara na Ngosiputa

Category Arts

Publisher Ifunanya

Publication Date 1994

Signature

Agumagu Odinrla Jgbo

(Igbo O r ~ l Literature) .

1t'un;mya I'u hlishcrs Nigeria I ,td.

Tfunanya Publishem Nigeria LRd. Ntwim UmunJugb

IS1 J, ORI.U,IMO STATE, NIGKRIA 6 h m Umma Nwarlikc 1994 Mbiputa nke mbu 1998

Onye nseputa Ihu akwukwo: C.U. Akobundu

A kuputara n'igwe ma biputa ~ r a Naijiria. ISBN 998-3 1 059-3-0

3 Akykq 110: Ejirimara, llry Nkeneudi: AkukNo Mgbagwqjuanya, Akukv Yamcre. Akuko 'k&d. Akuko Mbe. Usoru Akuko be, Ihc mem ka( ji egwu n'&- M g b a l r w ~ a ~ k w ~ 'Akukofu, Ntoalii Akukoifo . Nhad Akukoilb Akpbam&aa n7Akukhfo, . . ll&& Ak"kdo ASUSU Akukoifo , . . . 26-'44

LO Atumatu Agurnag: Nkcnudi:- Ilu. Nkowa ilm Ntoala 3;. Ndi tosiri . . . ilu ilu. l"&ku,di Ilu. *{h! Ilu. ~krbuilu/Nk?n& ~oromchia. Nkmy* /\$wugwn;

Ndcks 148-151

0 bu cAokwu na e nwcre otutu akwukwo mctutarn agumgu odinala ndi Igbo n'otu u m moobu o m mula c nwcghi olu akwukwo n'imc ha a ga-akp) akwukwo agumgu odimla n'uju ya. 0 bu nkc a kpdit-i m ji $);is mho n'idc akwukwo a nke onye obula choro igu akwukwo appmagu odinala lgbo n'ozumgbe ga-cnwc ike mee nkc a. Ya bu na Agumugu Odtr~ni~ Igho bu akwukwo kwu iche n'uzo nkc ya. Ndi Igbo Icwuru okwu na o m hu om, ichc abur-u iche.

N'akwokwo a, c nwcrc n'ujrr ngalaha agumijgu o d i r h obula: akuko,&je, lrbu na wi na alu~~lalu agunugu. N'ihi mkpa ikpc di na ndu ohaobodo e wepalaiira ya otn isi na ~lkc onnc; ya ~r'agbanycghi na e mcturu ya aka n'okpw-u qbu ikpt.

Ablumagu odinala bu aha Otu Iwclite Asusu na Chnenala I g b (01A01) kporo oral lileraturc. IJlodu ndi mmadu na-akpokwa ya .om- .Maria ikyo ya agumagg onubu itughari gg~&mtyc-n'okwu hiuu okwu t~mtughari (transliteration,word for sord tramlation). IJlbdu ndi okammutrl si na c cwcre ihc di ichc n'ctiti abwagu d & l a na am-aBu OnmL -1Jche onye adighi ya njo. Mana iwyi ga-&oh na agumagu oclinali bu aguxnagu c ji UIW eweputa ma na-aghasa. Nit mbu e &hi ya ede. 0 bu n'ihi nkc a ka ndi i3ekw ji Lpoo ya q'~.filcra@rc. Aswu Jgk) na nke Hckce bu asusu di iche iche; nke obula nwme ndiiche n'u1o;isucju ya. Anyi a&~i a t u r n : M;an&c jqb -- Nwo& oru ahu, kanla ntughari y;r btr: I .egide on1 ahu anya. Nkc a bu otu ihc n'cbe ~ri-fitc.r_;llu_rcna~.w~u oCr&& di n'ihi na asusu olxrla nwcrc usoro ya n;r iwu ya. Anyi anagh~ ckwu n i l onyc choro ikpo ya ihc; o soro ya akpola, kama na

Agpnagy Odinala . . Igbo 5

b Agymagu Odinale Igbo . . . chja qchi, kwan ar!r-i ma nyekwa mghazi. () bum n'egwu pgbugba, egwu dagharia, ndj ogbygba ahghria qkw ycgwu. A na-aghanwe udaegwu n'!~di a chorc! ya na n'oge a c h p ya.N7aguniag cd~rcdc. ihc niilc d&o gbidii. ekwugh! pka, che&u . & . n'ihi na ihc c dcrc cdc dj kr azq fiiiji d&;l 'q di, ndu mima ozu ya ajuchaala oyi kamgbc ?tutu oge.

N'agumag!~ (?dinala, onyc obda . . n(? n'qru. Onyc nm~eyula nq n'p.u.onye nkiri y k w a rr'vry. 0 wee di&;i n ' y y cbe onyc na-ory oru no n'qru, onyc ckclc np-qkwa n'oru. . . 0 wee dikwa ka ebe . okukq . bere. nii ngigc n;l cgwu na-eme, ngige n'onwc ya n

w a g ? Odinala . . lgbo 7

nwata ma okcnye so n'inic ya. 0 nietutua Qnwu nv ndy, (?chi ria akw;~, cyu na cgwu, oriri na pnw!~, okwu na $a. 13jh; l'rol: 11.1. N w g p (1978) s k i Lmo,

A n;t-irhy agpinagy anyi n'irkpkv i l i , mctplara un~y irnpmanv ndj ~nrnady na umu mmuq, n'akpkq ok~kt: id, na-e os mbido qtytq ihe, n'akuko, n k g k ~ k q ohao k 10 $ o na ndi dike, nd' a na- c~osipyta oge rnmemme r n ~ q l y kq! ma I, a ha ?a rhp&jtauka e d na @p mcjc bq n'cbc a na-any rnmaya. Ha na-aputakwa II?IC mgbe ndi rnaara nkaokwu m-ekwu okwu n'ggbakg obodo ebe e ji ilu na atumatu okwu di i ~ h e ichc eweputa okwu.

E si nil ya enweta ahpj ria rnkpaobiqma. hdgbc any! na-egc akpkp, uri, abv ma na-ekiri iht: ngosj (ti ichc; ILIIC, obi n;~-ittq any! utq, any! ;trwcnwc ahyj. I; j i ya anod ogc, czu iltz, achj~i, (?chi. echetirru~t? ihc ylu nkc ywa. I: si na p cgos&t;t usoro ebirnnd!~, orncnala na nll~,tii,n!\va qhnnhodo. 13 ji ya azplite ~ m ~ i ~ k a n'uzo .. dl iche iche d$a kba mhq, imc ezi omumc, ilcru anya ala, jnluta onlenala ha. Ii ji ya cme ka nhvuuwa r d j obodo na-aga n'ihu, ghara inwu. Ndi agqmagu ha nwul-Y cnwekwaghi ihc hi1 ,bi hi. ' Site n'agumagu ~dinala, ndj rnrnatlu na-unwc nlkpalitc nke imc: mmqq iry ezigbo g q n'ohaobodo. A g q a g u ~dinala bu mmalite na nkwacio rnaka ngyrnag" odcrhe. Ma onyc maara akwvkwp ma onye no-amaghj nil- eso na ya.

(i) N'ihi na t: dc@. ys cdc: ogc c: chcpqtact ya, c chefucha;~la @yty ihe n'ime yn.

(ii) N'ihi edeghi cdc, ~tqly ihc n'imc ya at@im!it ydjdi ha. Djka n'akukg ih, ufi?du nwcburu ckwerekwc n'in~t: ha enwcgh~kwa ha.

(iii) N'ihi cdt:yhj cde, ~rigbasa (?tutu ihc ag!lnlagy o~iinala . . anaglu agate akit. (1) bu naan. ndi nodchert;

Akykoala by akvkq Ji ichc ichc phaohodo na-akg, by ndj ha W&XC (l$a cziokwu. (2 hv p l i ;11,!1l+ IIICI"~U-;L ndi mmadu nakw;r ala mmadu. tNA, n'asusu Igbo, nwcrc n&(?ta am!: (a) Aliq na.+ - ihe t: nwe cnwc - ala ubi na ala ohi

(cbc obibi); (b) Obo&o_ mmbu mba - ala anyi, ala Igbo, C)bodo m,

ala m, ala I?myndugbn, d n Owcre; (ch) J:&gwa (physical es lh , landmass, geological

realities). itgwu, ~ ~ ~ ~ W I I I ' L I ~ W I I , mmi~i, qhja na ihc ndj (jzq di u'uwa.

(d) ('hi (earth goddess) - chi na-echckwa ;rln nil ihc na- agil na ya: on~cnala. A h nil-cchchwa a h wec: nil- akwt! onyc: Obula ~gwc! ha yu ya siri di.

I , . nwcrc nkcnuudi ya dj ichc ichc d/ks csc~-csclchaa~i a .vi C ~ O S ~ :

Akuko . . OkikcIMbido Ah$o Mbido na-ak(?wap\rta ndu na y w u na ~ @ t u

iht: jtunanya di n'ckerc. IJdi ak!lkq a yikebert. ihc oluicchi, n'ihi ;a, a na-ewe ha ka i& di nsq . Vdi ak& ns-elsba mya na mgbo gboo gboo? by akpkq ndi rn&+ira ckercuwa.

N ' ahyh~ ndi ;I, a na-aky ha ihe dj iche ichc dj h u ywii siri hido. IJS&U . . . ~ ~ ' i ~ k y k q ndi a kn e buuru bulbs n'~huk(! ili), i\ ! ~ , , - A c ! h ha ka ilkyk!> ifb. Ihc: n(]i . tlika . ctu p w v shi bata n'ywa, etu e siri nwellt qku n'pwa. CILI c siti nwota ji na cdc n7uwa bycha a k ~ k g okkc nlil hi) m ? ~ i nlak~,lky ifo ha. Akvkq okike uli2tlu e n ~ g h i Igbo niilt; qnu. 0 bu n'imc mba na mba ha a n;r-mu ha.

1 .

1,Jdi ahukq okikc om bu ndi na-akqwara any! clu ihc: ulbdu clj n'obodo n'obodo d! iihc iche siri bia diri n'cbe ha hi ' t i rnoqbq dighi ebc ha kwesw, @i,. Ihc &a rnnliri, ugwu, oke qhia nil ndagwurugwu so n'ihe ndi, it. Ka anyi koo . . maka ndi qka (Awka), Ugwu~ba na I% (jake).

N4 Qka na-akg ihc kpatara em jiri dighi n'obodo ha b r n a o . diri . . n'llgwuqba, obodo ha La ha gbara agbatnobi.

Ezu by okc arpj ji mnuri aga ebc niilc o na-aga. . lizu nit Irnoha, okc a-ysi . (!LO . bi n'Qka bv cziglw cnyi. N'ihi

feli~o. 1: nwckwar:~ tutu . . nkyl+ik~ ntli o m . . bmyct-c Lik. Nn nke (-)durnebwu (Ijukwu, onycisi agha I3,i;rli.ir, ir sl n;l (? na-akwy ~ t q n7pgbq;lgh.i 11 ;~g lw i ~ d j ito rngbo; ndj iro glxu ya cgbr;, o j i i aka gho t~ , mgbq; na mgbq an+$$ r.vu ya ahy dgz. Our I .atly's I h a d :r na-cmupyta n'vnichir. na-ato czigbo ~,II!). N'afO 0I~no1c g m aga nd/ n;n-~ad~ ebuh ak+? nlqkir-ikq . . gbirsirr'r ya, t Is s i~ i . . ihr: kpalaw o ji ill()kiir! htcd ~bt!I;t h~ ~I:I G ji qb ;~ . ;~ nw;i ~ h y u agw()k(? ya. il)~!) kwa. rlir orrvc: nwc; ya lxj brtid gw()r(? ()p,wt! tvnye n'0simiri Nai-jn. N'ihi nkc a, kwa +$I o buru olu tipa brcil wuba n'Osiiniii Na&. Nil I h i , 4: ~rwcrc olu onyc ohi ka~;rm ;I~!I aha y3 by ,L~!ni. . i~+i \ V L I ~ U GLVG i i ' i / . u ohi d i e i w r ~ na ndj mrnad!r I)icloro k ~ w a c!li,~ltf ;rli!ik(! t l j c y w I I I A d!Iiwa orniini IXIIIJ/CK );I. L/l$l~? i ~ ' i k l . 1 1 ~ ~ ; :t i1.i t ' u h j l i j nn ntlj o~ t l y;r gaa ohi na Ixrnki, o j e ~ n!)ilv iilil ~ ~ ' e l u nol lo, lid! qrt! I X I I I ~ ! c.jiri ; k t lu I~;I-C~~~II)!JI:II*;I >,.I tigo g;uryc ~ngkc t,J&)nla yit .juru,o chipy; na 0 nyi~i, nd! uwwiii ;lr~y! na njidc; nn 111gb(? iini~ghj cpu y i ~ i~hu; IKI (2 11;1-;1p,;1 n'ibuku nkc I U lltlj rrii-akpii 1lki1Li1 0j2(!

.har~y~.:rc; y ;~ nwcrc: ikt: i l iq nwtw cbc 11a !la-ckwu . .

nkoklriko. . . . . Site n'akuko . . nkokiriko, . . . . a na-&ni kn ntli a na-;kc! nuka ha dj cbubc mil nwec iltc na ebubcujo . . lar ia ka chi ha nytirt: ha. Nkc a na-cmc ka a kwc; ndJ clJ ~ t u n oflift: n'ohodo r,~lc!d~t. N'ylbtlu . nkuho . . ndi . odogwu,(,mi?mi? h;r ria onwy ha na-apu ichc na nkc 11di mmady n@!.

Kbc nnyi kwi~ruln elu 1 bmyci-c nclj odogwu, (.I d$wa mkpa !ga n'obodo ndj gbara Anambra l ~ v ~ gburugburu ebc udi . . akt!ko d juru cju, bma nbnnl. (a) AmckcOkoyt!:

N'aka nke 920, e nwtxe nkok,ik? mmereeme (historic epic). N'udi a, abwa ndi . no . na ha bu ndi m d u nkiti $ . -ndj och@ha, dinta, ndj dibia, ndj (?runkil, ndi cli ria ncli nwunye, n 4 e x , ndi qkamgba, dgi, ndi, n'ihi clpnanyii ol>odo ha, ha ewcrr, ndv ha chyv qja ilji zppgta obodo ha n'ihe mkpri, . i i r i , . rnoqb\l . &chi cherc ha ihu. Nu ndi di etu a nwere rnrneri moqbu na c mcriri ha n'ogu ha na-rtlury obodo h 4 esiteghi n'ike . ogwu, . anwansj, m y b u onyemakir i~gbara, karna.0 sitore n'imc rnmyc? ha ra n'kc pkpukpph nke onye gbula n'irne ha. Akukq olenolc ndi i\ ga-ak~wa nke a nkc qma:

Nne M g b d q by nwaanyi n k $ ~ onyl: ka a luchirra agtw n'etitindi obodo ya na rldi Ibibi, 9 h ~ g h j di ya. O wee jikcre maka a&, bum mma na cgbc jcwc; n'obodo n 4 iw ha ebe 9 na-achq di ya. N'ihi obi ike o nwcr;re,ndj iro ji di ya wee nwee rnrnasi n'ebe nwaanyi . a no,haara . ya di ya . (b) Elibe Aja:

Elibe Aja bu dinta jiri ndv ya chy? aja site n'ibuso agu na-cnye n@ agbabataobi ha nd! A ~ Q mogbu wee na- egbusisi ndj rnmadu na elulu ha. Manr n'pgv o m 0 buson) ebiogwu nkc nn-ernebisi ihe ndj Am+ lie n Y u b i , i n ~ o k u . . si n'cgbe 9 gbam cbiogwu shu wee kuciido ya, 9 nwuo. . .

N'agha dam n'etiti n q . Ohafia ne ndi Njikc dl n'lshiae + n'uzp Nikpo, Amoogu .. . lurl! . ogu . di o w , auo

iii. Altuk(! klba

llil Ilil, ~ ~ L w c , S ~ L C 1l7\)g? ria 11lgl)a. )'.I b?, ilId 1ld-i c: 11Wr;hl'a sile na mba~a silc n ' Ichqy ritli bibu nil ha wet: bichic. C)lulu . . a h k o . . cii . ria Ihjbulu nkr: gbasara ncii Isl.;rc.I na ctu ha sir; chupu ndi bod^ u S O ~ ~ wee bichic, huchii iik\~kq rnbi~. . . - . .

(.)11+? mgbc:, akuko . mbii alee! nlak;~ ydu, a lusu . . tupu ndi 1% ria yii ebiri c;he nh~!. Mghc I , J ~ o ~ ~ I ! 9 I M - ~ ~ I ? nhiwr: obi < h u q mo(,Ay nkwaghxi. obi. /U\yk(,~ CIU 01ucnuko i u net! ya sisi gaa bisi n'Ihpi1 Oyi bu akuko . . mba. N 'ogc: r~a-itdigh. a n y , ;I gn-chido k0w;i ;lk!~k

Mghc ndj Ihusa nn ntl! iro ha n? nYa&a, ewitzt niile nc! n'dmdo ha p\lIilra n'igwc, zpq r~z+w~? ~t 'umzu, o wee: dl kit c lx ndj agha ze. h l g b ~ : !JI$~I ndj rgli;~ I I ~ ! h) lbwa ;uiarn ebe a h , 11;t cciicc na ntl! 1l)usa aghltilla oso. 0 reuo oiu uh?chi, ntli agha 1hus;i

6 ' b b . . abachaa n'ohirr, . . nus mbp (zoo). Ka lid! iso ha ruru c l x ha nit-61.u rlil rrily, ha

h u k ~ i t r i ~ I I L @ ~ W ~ di,ki~ 113 11;t-itdi ahq I I ~ mb!~. N'ogc: :I A, ha c c l w 11a ikc a g y i a ndi hq ha na hit; chac: nit (2 bagh$w;i uru . idi . na-achota ntlj ikc ~~a-;djglzi. N'ogc: ;I zi kt lid jili L ~ I I ! C ~ W U it& ria-i11a. I L I ti;^ I U ~ U d)c: ;tgIi;t Ibusi~ zochact n'~hi,;~, ncli it& a sichala n'ebc di iche ichc ha nogasi, sokwudo ha a&, wcc mwiu ha n'oiu nlabiririy;~ n'itu rla ha ahlghi . . anya na agwv no n';tkir.ika. . .

N'ihi oru y ~ i a a m i I ~ U U r~d! Ibus;~, ndi nn;mna ha . . . . ochie n'ogc ahu wcc kpebic na I) git-ah\! ihc ;try IN! igbu m g ~ h q u i cwi n'ala ha. Otlyc; , ot)uls . gburu c\vi 11'al;t ah? na- c-ji anya ya ahu nti ya.

~ ' ~ h ; k ; l l i k i niilc, hl! ttsq bv igbu ;I~L! n:, mniri ha ' W ns-akpp (.kpd (iyi lia-s~~iiglij asp as(? nkc hi! ahe ha si

cnweta 1111ru1.i ($r~lil! ha). 11;1 i~a-cgbu i t z ~ nil n ~ n ~ i r i 11dj (>z(j nlanii nkc: O ~ ~ ) U I U bq ill.!,. I la kwc:rlycrc nil i p ! ha 11;:-csi TI';IZI? bi n'okpurv ;ll()ro 11.1 ilwa, n'ihi !?;I, ighu azi! hi n'okpusu bu igbu unru . . gi~-ai(? uwrr n'arly;~ 11a. 1.1 ~i\vc;c: k5 a m siri nwuo . . r~'okpusu nia ha rnata, hi1 na-eli y;l eli, k\v;ta ya ka r~uu;ttlu Jjha oinc;nali~ h;r s k i dl.

Na Mbiunmiri dj ichc iche n'ebc a na-as[! Igbo, dika llonrry na(.)pobo, ag~?iyi nit ngburc I)? ~lnq nJi ;I 1~1- cli: ofid'c rria na-edokwa hi1 nsc!.

Ilik;, c kwuiu na mbu, rnba di ichc iche na-asq anq cti iche iche ns?. Ntli Osoqkws no 11a Ngwit itnaghj cri okwa. Onye gburu okwn n'obodo ahu no nil nsogbu. . .

l,.JtIj al\t,lk\) ;I I y ihc: 1 1 1 ~ amu kp!)mkwc:m nkc ghaohoilo ns-iik~ rnaka yi~. 1 la bv cziok\vu. I l;r abyghi ak@g ilb moobu . . . nkokuiko. . . . . I-la rlwcre ikc I>i!rq akul\o . . (okwu nil $a) gbasara llla nkt; dap!l(ltra n'ctiti mhn rnqc$l! obodo abv9 ma bvru rke riri isi +~ tu ~ ru r~~c lu . C) nwGrc; &ti b ~ u . otlachi I dsgitlcre (?ha nn ezc tlikn qyli, 01j;t. oke ykqchj nkc ky$u~-u n u kp!)~~w+l~:lir osisi, 01\c 1n111il.i ozuzo nkc k p o ~ t i a p y - ~ ~ I U I I I . . , . ~ I o ~ i l c ~l'idcyi, O ~ ! J 0glw~:1~1 nii>ybi? kwanr~ , . ngozi biara n'ol~odo. lldi . . akukq . a rwcrar: ike byru maka olu oriyc pyry ichc na nunadu. (.3 nwwe ike bum . . i~k$ip gbns;tril onyc obodo ha butcr; $9 akwykw(! nis)qbq chqqchi, exigbo onye , ochichi. . . 0 riwere ike b y u :tk~k(? g b ~ t ~ ~ . a cILi tpi,iii~v,:~;:nyj ski XI ( ; ) ~ L I - & ~ ~ ~ M ? I I ) -Ji~k1>!1 ( ~ b a Womer\'s Kiol) na 1929.

Obodo (?huh rny)1,!1 c lx oh$) nwcriri . . otu ;lkl!hq nioqb!~ aby? 11lc1.c llil nkc ha, nkc h;r iia-ccheh rna na- Aoro . . nd! ni~-cloliIc elolite.(~ip!~ oboclo ria-i11q ~ I q k q igwusulx d c d;lra n'otu~u, . , ebc rl1al;r Igbo nia lxm nkc richapor~! atiihi:~ ol)!~l:i tia hwu a n y . Ahuko . ndi, a' aboghi . , skuto . . h+kir&o; ha tncw sl&. '

N'& a, :t g ~ k p maks otn nwx~ti? onyc Isl~ochi puru . . i& na rnr~ii~cl~! tiirr ki!11,1 onyc: a na-ilk(> rikuko . . ya ma I-110.lila.

'l'upu N;tijiti:~ . . x h i w ; ~ o r ~ c ).:I, c nwccrc 0111 ;1kda111lipo i l h ~ ya bq Nwnolio~uukwu myi; Xlgbclu h l l h IILG c!i n'lsunchi, (,%@vc. Aha (; jin r11;tra ya IMI ('iimt' Al;lkr~l;u. Llu o ski nwct;~ aha a ctlogfJ anya 1,;rni;l I.) tl$~ 4 ) si~zrc n'odkli . . . ya - I I K i o p y ~ ~ ? n'imc ikuku. A n ~ p y yit s1':11i? 1 0 I0 rriy,h!i nil 10 1 71 ~ 1 x 1 Jind,p nkc :I n:~-;tI+!bcgt~ oyiri ya flit Nitj.ji~.iil. iijil-! IUIij asalc! rl'ogologo, mil mgbc r! nwyry 11;) 1053. iglx G jiii lie yil di ~iti! rula iri na itb!r(?.blgbt: ;I mvn! ya, o iorw goiagor-(1 rrla n;t-;rkp;tkw;~ ikt: di, C ~ W I I . ICI o siiri cli nd? (?g,bv ya i i ;~ mI[ t y q y ; ~ ihc ri;us;t eyi cgwu. N'ihi nkt: a, obi i~tlk$~! (!1+~ ndi ~ n r n d q n'ala ya mma. Nkc: ;I mcrc ka uli?dy 1!lp1La ;ire ka c: ruluo ya n'ohu . . mil u h l u . . juru . . aju, . ch~gotlu kii ha choputa . . udi . , mmadu q bu.

N'oge na-ad?gh! anya, p a m p a (ZwL) y:~ i ~ g b a z ~ o ebc niilc n'!)kigwe n u na Naijilla . . niile. Djka o siri akpa ikc, o byyry ilrc cgwu nyc: ndj rrlcbiti iwu obodo, ~ l d i c dunytx-c ka ? tail a h ~ h u . A gaara s! nil o tinycm ikc niile o nwwe n'ihe ndi ziri czi, (2 ga3ra ahij dikc nd! olwdo y;i. Maria n;l mgbt. na-adighj aliy;~, o wcc lyri! iht: q:wu nvc iltli, obotlo ya. U nwcghi onye cgwu ~iarwa ckwc k p p ? yrc ali;~ il'(?tr;i n'ihi no :) hyurt! dimgba ntl! obotli) ya, or~yc' uyqjichara QLI;ILI! durnkp;~ okiri;~zy hi\ hv nil! ch1:ct.c y3 ;~I

y-ebi~lo riwe ntli rnm:du . dilta . e si ant! n';~kt!kt! ottltil . . . ndi. ;~kdti~llhpo. Llic sokwa wee yic ha cgwu bt! nil rUakuku

- nwcrc cglx ch;~m by?, bia lyt~!kwii ilinia ~gbanul: . Ihc ~zokwrr bu nn n a m cri okc n1.i. N'oriyh a k ; ~ rltl! (!clia j i b & dunj ya dujc ya 1 .cg(r; cbc ha cl;vc?r(!'ilchitl-:, y;i ;my:, n'\)t!klj ya. IIa kwcrc y:~ nkwa IKI o TUC) I.cg(,~ 1x1 h;1 g:t- cnvc y ; ~

Ak$o ifo by akuko ~ d i n a h nke siterc na rngbc g b o . 0 b" na-Ae&, i!e nke a tukwaaara uche n'alrr mmady, n'ala mrn)ro na n'da anurnany, koo. 9 && onye rnaara n+ bu "zq kkPuta akvkp 'ifo. Q by a k h Igbo ji akpiri p @ a ihc di' iche iche, d&a ikwu eAok;/u; isppy-y nsqala, iruwe isi, ibelata a g p inwe okc vucl$chq, nganga, na ihe ndj qzq qha na eze na-aibartq ihu.

Otuhl mgbe, r na-esite n'ak*? ifo k9dV &wa ihe ufqdu a menwe@ ike jkqwapta. nvpz* &it!, djka site n ' $ ~ etu onwu siri bata n'vwa. I-Ia na-akowa eziokwu ufodu nke *- (nnurnaatg na-aghaghj enye k n . N'ak@q et; inv ski bata n'pwa, a kvr" ka Nkita na Awq siri gea uzi Chukwu bi jiyta pg,nydy mm&,~ n'elytpia. N'od a, Nkjta, onye Chineke bunyerc nppugwu ndv, hap^ &a ozi a piiy d&a Chinekc; ski gwa ya, burugodu yiq gaa icha . ihc 'i ga-cri. Ihe a ka o msgidcre gmye na Aw?, onyc . e hunycrc nbwgwu onwy, eburu ya vzq ruo eluywa, bunye ya p p m a d u . Mgbe ha @&ere ya, . onwu . akpoo . . ha ihu.

W'akyk? a, ihe mmuta na eziokwu putara ihe bu na ~~;wzu, okc . ochicho . . na mr$adu ruughi . oru , bi .,. ya, nwerc ike ibute pdachi na ?gh,ghorn n'ehe na cze no.

Ejirimara Akuko . . Ifo: 1. Ha bu akuk? g b a s a k e j !imynumanu, umprnmyq

Ira pn~unrnadu. 2. Ha metytasa da arrpnlarru, ala nu11y na ala mmiidu,

uzo . UWH at(, Chukwu Abjanilr kere.

3. N'ime akuk~ ih, m m a d s - m m q ~ na mynanu na- mnek@a n 'pp ab@ yzp.

4. N'akykg ifo, e rrweghj ihe na-enwcghj ikc ime cmc: mmadl! na nunuo nwere ikc @a myha; a m bi na mmiri nwcre ikc 'jIv a h eze; clc nwcm ikc 'isi nri, ebe mbe nwere ike bya wb? mmiri; e nwere ike b y imnady taa ya agawa ije taa, too taa, luo . . nwaana ha.

5. Uaoro ak$o ifb di ofere na ~rghpta n'ihi na a naglu eji okwu n;-agbbpju anya akp ya, cbc ndi a k p - 9 aha na ya na-a$ o1e1l;rolc.

CJru Akuko lfo Sara.

1 ' Akr;lkv iti, na-akpa obi p a na-wy ckwa a Q ojuju. 2. ' 9 na-enye aka iji kpwaa ihe yfqdu na-erne

n'elu~jwa, ihe n 4 anyi na-anweghj ike itinye n'ak*? nk$.

3. ' 0 so n'v+ agynagu nkc ma onyc m a akwykwo ma onye na-anagh nwer;rc ikc jny ma k

28 Agunlagu Odinala lgbo . . . 9. Akuko ifo m-erne ka a ghota dqz i a choro i;k@

n$?'dj d c , site etu a wepy iho pgbaghaG nkc oke qmt,unaaty na-ebute.

10. 0 naenyere wnyaka aka imuta akukoala . . ha (local blory) .

Nkenuudi . . . Akuko Ifo. . ,

B kcrc akykp if0 n e Ojii uw anq: (I) N& by amakeeme "&oobV ncij na-ebote

mgbap~juanya. E nwere & # na ha by u$ na- atu uche ime (Dilemma Tales).

(ii) Ndi bu Ak!~k() Mbido - ndi na-akqwa ihe kpatara art; 4 icht; iche ji erne (Myths or 'Why' Tales or Actiologicd Tales).

(iii) N4 na-akui i h ~ ya bp, ncli e si na ha amvta ihe (MoraVDidactic Tales).

(iv) +.&I hibe---$ (Trickster Tales).

(i) Akukq Ifo Mgbitgwpjuanya

Ndj a na-erne ka n q na-ege nti &ra @M nke ha ga-ahoro n'etiti ihe abpq moobv . . karia. 'Nke a na-ebute ihe n ~ g b a ~ ~ j u a n ~ a mybv ajpju b r a skip n'qs@a.

Udi ak* a 'na-agbasakan n 4 jilqtara aka mec ihe 4 iche iche Quu n'mya, nke na ichqpuh onyc nke yr ka nke ibe ya rar.'ahu.Ihe o k a a k ~ d . . na-eme by +pru . n+

na-cge ntj ka ha ji aka ha kpebie ihc nramaahv a. Udi alct$o a na-ebute aqmq"kn n'etiti-ndi na-ege nti.&$ ga-eji iikykq gbasara luk oze na ~ m i w G t a nye ?mymaat". A ga- egbu ak!~kq a nkenke.

Otu ubochi, Ada Eze Iduu na Oba na ibc yr gara ig& rnrniri.Mgbe ha na-egwu mmiri, ampna gburu, 9 mcchta a h*wlrghj a& ezc. Mkpptu wce di. Eze k w m nkwa na onye nke n w m ike $baPvta a& ya n'aka ihc obula ji ya, ga-du ya.

~ ' u b d o ahu, e n w m urnpne ise ndj muy q p k a dj iche iche. Ha bp Ogbaagbe, 0kwnnki OhuY.(,, Ozuolu, n;l Okwougb~. Ha kpebiri na ha ga-ary ory ihunanya . . n'ebe nw6ta r & n'agbanyegb &l" ya.

Mgbe ha ruru n'osimiri a, Ohuuw wee nyuo, hu ebe Marniwota ji ada eze n'ala mrniri, Ahhaw a@ en( ebc ahu . d i . &&hi gbadam n'ala a h nun@ gaa zuru ada eze ebe ya na mamiwota na-chi pra, kuru ya puta, tinye ya n ' im ugbq ha. OkwQu$,bp k w p p y ~ ugbqnu&i ha n'ike ka

- Marn,is&a ghara inwaeta ha. be &wota tetara ma 9 hugwwa a& ex, iwe were ya. Ka o lere anya h! ya n'ime uibo, . ya csehte n'clu mmiri, chukwuo ha, gbawaa vgbyhu . ah". Ma tupr onye ?byla ga-&apu, danyc na mmhi, C?kwmka akwachb "$9. Tupu man$wola ga-mtc ozo, . . Ogbacgbe agbagbuo ya, ha were laruo n'udo.

Oge ha nuu plq, rnkpu qny eju cbc: niilc. E x , n'imejupyta nkwa ya, k p ~ r o qhaobodo ka ha bja kqwaa n'hne m a d ! iw: n@ a onye' y bv ya gi-aly ada ya (Z rma ndi ohodo ahu iphoputa onye ory ya ka nke ibe ya. Ha ol& ajuju: . . u . bum ki Okw&gbo akwq$i~, olce etu ha a&-& jee ma l&&va? 0 b= na (?huuzq ahy&iJ onye gaara amah ebc ada eze nq? Q bpu na onyc ohi anaputa@ A& Eze n'aka mamjwpta, onye gaara eje? 0 bum ki Okwanki~ akwachiglu ugbo, e nwerc onye n'itnc ha . . . .

gaara adj nd$? 0 by[? na Qgbacghe aghaghughi rnanuw

Ndj a bu akpkf? ndj a na-csite na ha muh omumc oma moobu m y y akg. Ihe a na-&Q n'akt!kq ndi a na- hukiui . . ihc gbasrlra imcro mnmady czigbo bumumc, ohi, ekworo, anyaukwu, aghugho, . . iji ihe ojoq . . k y q ugwo ihe (?ma, mkyqmaas!, anyauiu na mmegbu. Ihe kpalara c ji nkq nke (,hula n'ime ha bu' ka ihe rnrnula p t a ihe: onyc tncc ihr: Omit, ihc p a %a&-a yapgvq (!jw dijtj onye ()b$,bulrt elu o siri ~po. . lkpe nkwum()ol? na-ad! mgbe niile. Naaru isi kotcrc: ebu ka obu na-agba. kc a a d w ka n'uwa nkiti cbc n na-ahapq onye m m ihe, jec jide onye na-mweg~.'ibc o mcrc.

N'+I akukq a, q$tq mgbe, ihe rnrn!~la na-aputa n'isi njcdebe akuko, . dika . 'Ihc akpkc? a .na-egosi bu na tnlegbu a d i i mma' ' anyam ajqka' 'esemookwu na- obutc ihc

N'akuko bmyere n* nwunyeedi abuo, nke isi na- omegbu nkr: nk , na-achq y q q ga-esi mobie'ndy ya n'illi ckworo na anyaufu. N'ikpcazp, kanla nkc nta ga-anwu, ya anata ng(?zi ma site n'anyaukwu yit, nke mukwu nawa nlaramaahuhu, or@ na mfu.

~ $ b c ? ~ b d u . . mmcgbu a na-emcgbu nwaenwwcnne -aa-al)ur~! ya ngozi, ebc . umu . nwunucdi nne ya na-anata ugwo , &wnc ojho nne hi). . . . .

Na nchikdala, . . n'akuko ifo, omurne niilc nwcre u ~ w o . . . or11 na-eche ya. Onye mee mma, mma esowc ya, , orryc: tncc njo, njo csowa ya. Ihc niilc ndi a puma itrc iji kuke ihe.

(Iv) Akuko . . MheIAghughu . . p!~ta& na q bu nuni n'ebe a ka i t na-enwcta

akuko mbe, kama, s hwappt;n.i nkc a iji gosj nke ?ma onodir . . . mhc na ynyan" nd/ c g .

N'akuko . . ilb ndi Igbo, mbe bu anu a na-akp(?kari aha. A na-akpq ya lize ~lrnuimumanp. . . . ' k k ' o bq apvtaghi na o by ya kacha ha ibu mopbg nwckaria ha aku t a vba, kikit, y bp 'e~d n'ild qg&isi na ya. (1 nwere akv na uche nke o ji i-ighop~! onwc ya n'ptutq ihe. Ot~!tu. rr@c ~ n b c na-agh~gbu ant! I@ om, ma mghc tdi!dt~ kwa, uche anaghi agachara ya.

bughi n m i Mhz hg anv di aghyghq ma nwekwaa a k na uche 'n' aka ynuanumanh. N'akuko ifo ndi Igbo, E h u l c m bq an! qzq al& ;a uchc ya na-i&ho sl.amztm. E nwekwara anu olemole ndi, ozo . . ma nkc mbe cnweghi. oyiri.

I Jsoro Akuko . . Mbe

.4kuko Mbe na-aga n'usoro a: 1mc enyi (Friendship) Nkwekgrita (~onvena1rl~~or1tract) M t n h i nkwekyi.t;i c: kwcrrc (Violation of' (lanvenant) A g l ~ u & ~ (?'rickcry) NdwgbdNrafu (Deception) Mgbalapv (liscapc)

Ka e site n'akvko a gbasara Mbc na Ezi wcputa USOL'O a:

Ihe mere Ezi ji egwu mu . . n'ala: Mhe na EA hg enyi nke na shughj ma si crila. (1-

w&. Otu oge, nkpa dagkkc: Mbe, ya cjekwuu cnyi ya ELi -. ka o binye ya ego. Ezi binyere ya ego na nkweta na Mbe ga-Awu ya ya n'otu Onwa sik n'pbqcw ahu (jkwckp-i!a).

O t u p w a a kam aka a*, CJU, olee nne gj') Ezi zjri ozi krr e iie Mbc krr kwyo ya UDVQ ya, ma Mbc gbara isi akwkara (me$ nkwekp-iia).

Iwe bidoro wcwe Ei4 nkc na I, c h g k w m izi ozi; ya ewme vkw.~! ya gawa n'do Mbe. Ka Mbe no n'ylg hu ka Ed na-abja n'ikc n'ikc, ya agwa nwunyc ya Alij ka r! tp&na ya, bido gwewe ose n'elu ya.

Mgbc Ezi bbatara n'ulo, ya ajuo Alii I . ebc di ya gar4 ma t u p 9 ga-ekwucha, Ezi ebup '&;me' Nji j i cgwe osc t~?f'uo n'aiq n'iwc. Mbe esi n'azu ebc Ezi tufwr11 ' l a " ppta dj kkr onye si mba, nn-aju ihc na-esc. be nwunyc ya k

34 Agpsgl;l vdinals Igbo

9ghu). Sitc n'ybqchi ah!l, 15zi chido igwu (?nu ego ya Cnd! n7;,la n*!chc? nburne oso Alji, ~ b i .

Sik n'uzo di etu a, Mhc erie ego o hihi k% . . (rn&tl;tpn).

Ihe Mghnkwass !Jkwu di n'Akukr, . . Ifo

N'$q akykq ili), o . tli . iht; mgbakwasa vkwu . ~rlhdu. . f i c : 114 a by: Ni(y1i-i (Setting). Nhu i di n'crk*? (I'lot) Akparamaapa (Characlcrisatim). Etu akyko si aga/etu c si akq ya (Nmadvc: 'Technique). Asusu e ji ak!) ya (Imguagc).

(hi kpatwa e ji ako akuko Xo? Ndi Igbo na-akq &&o . if0 n'ihi nil V& ot; "z9 ha si li(yzid ??aka ha ihe n ' u q puru icho nke na-agakwaghi achy prnp~ut~. Olee mgbc e ji ako akukc? ifh? A na-ak~ ya n'abali mgbc a na-em ik p q rn w b i ~ & ~ j nkc a r y u rnothu a gbagharitj n'ubochl. M&e qnwa na-eti ka a na-akokaj yr. '(r b j & $9 akykq ill) n'dihic n'ptutv ok n'ala Igbo- . 0 lee cbc 1 B I W - ~ ~ ? akp ya? A fw-rn9kar.i n'"sqckwu, mbarae~j nr n'ama ozumqha akq ya. Olec ndi na-skc! ya? 9 bu ymua~i, ndi- macrra akukq 4 / ~ I C idie oa-akq ya. Otuly m$bu ndi nnc na Arm na ndi 9x0 toro eto ns-akoro . . ~~unuaka akukq ifo.

(c) Ojec etu e si ekwu okwu 'oge' n'akuko ifo? Ogc, n'akyk? So, enwcghj wigbo ngh& kppmkwem. M u e si akyq ogc na-abukiul: "N'olu rngbc", "Na mgbt; di anyaw, "Mgbe uwagba vtq", "&be ala di. nunhi mrniri", "Mglx &i di n'ukw~i ukwa", "Mgbc ynpwaany j na -q lx~ a@ "Otu t$qch(', ''Otu id\)", " ~ l u l q afi) gars aga". N' oge ndi a, e nwcgh! nkc e ji aka. H nweghi ike ikwu kpynkwcm tngbc: bu "Na mgbc garit a s " . Lhc oge na-egosi n'akuko iti, bu na mgbe a na-ekwu makayi ab&waghj ihc mmad" gi-cchcta echeh.

(f) Ehc ihe a kpro n'akpkg ifh nor? mec: The mere n'akuko ifo nor? n'ala ynumrnuy, ala urnuanpmany, na n'ala umvmmadu mcc. Nke a merc e ji ekwu: 'N'ala i~rnynm1!o, (agbara)', 'N'obudo un~uanumanu', . . N'ala umumnadu. Mgbc yfqdy r na-ak(?wa ka ebc kp.m, aha d i &$a, 'N'otu obodo nta', 'N'ala* dj obosara', 'N'(?wuwa anyanwu', 'N'otu iyi ukwu 4 n'ala m a r ' 'N'olu nhia nlakili . . na-azg n'ala umuanumanu'. &be d id" , ahia, oh/r na mmiri n 4 a k p g aha na-egoi! ka ha si akpa ikc, 4ks:"N'utu qhia aha ya bu'onye Zqnye Wwq 0 fuo' 'N'otu mmhi dl n'ala Amv9 aha ya bq lyi na-egbu amurna ka igwc'. Mgbc sfi!dt! kwr, e nwcrc ikc jkP(? ohodo ndj dv ha ihc n'da lgbo djka 'Ar~chukwu', rnc)qhq nit Mbarririiii?, d+a 'Igwenga'. Ohoda ndi a na- egosi ,ebe terc a n y tegbuo onwc ha.

1Jsoro rn@u nhazi akuko ilb di ofere na nghota. N'imc atykg ifb a na-akpq 'rnrnahu' ol&aole ahii. ~ b i ha dj {~Ipty, itre a na-akpq by aha iztigbe: ' U m ~ a n y t ~ u n u niilc' rn~i$y 'urnurnmu(? . . dtim'. Nke a bu iji rncc kii q ghara Igl:t>rtsasj ; I I I ~ ~ J .

A hnzjri ak!rkq itb n'isi n'isi 4ka: (a) IS tncc, c mckw;~sa/c kwuo, ckwukwasa (Ilclxlilivc

Action) (I)) llw Nlpyure (Contraslivc action) ich) Ntygheij 4 n' ihc uwa (Reversal ol' forltmcs). (d) NzopulaMgbochi . . flnlcivcntion). (a) E Mcc, Mckwasa:

Nkc a by o f 1 1 uzo c ji ctnc ka i~k!~k() di okrc, bi;rliwa towanyc ogologo. Ihe irna alp: N'otu akukq ebe onye czc ch?m ka onyc ~a-al!, ada ya hia kp&q ya akyk? na- en w&h! g p v ~ g w ~ ~ , t !i @@&k(? 'k9rq &I$? toro ogologo ma n'ikpeam, akuko ha agwu, c gbuo ha. N'ikpaazu kn otu nwahkorobia 'aha ya b" Utughutu b@a k o q otu &nke akuko na-iwy$u, agw+ Gini mcrc ka kcnke dqkp ghara &wl? agwu? Q by site A' Fa mu: e mekwasa di n'akukq. Na mkpirisi, ihc o . koro . . bu nkc a; "Otu ezc gburu oka, gbujuo oba ma olu ~ m p l u ri~llara oka ahu niilc" Nke a gbagw?j,jutu onye ?b@a ilnya clu olu nnunu sui richaa oka juru

Mgbe o kwuchara nkc a, ya a& eze mkpuq oka ole nqmu bul-ula felaga. Ezc na ndi ichie yii a u a ya na o bu . . abuo. . . Utuglrulu ebidokwa;

"Eze le, otu ubochi, nrlurlu bja, o 1tdi1, o bwu . . . I I ~ ~ U I - u oka, o felaga;. Ihc a ka o kwugidere, ikc agwu e x na ndl ya. N'ikpcazu a gwa ya kp

N' . ikwighachi . ugw? mrniri a, nwunyeedi nke nla h!!iur11 anya n'ozo, , . ma site n'czjgbo ornume na u~neala y q o rncct~ara bwu rlrlukwu orryinyc: n'olu udu nta ndi mtnut! htmyerc yil, Iqtii. N'udu a ka ihe o m niile di n'iwa dl. hyau;l) kpaliri nwunycccli ya ka 9 z@ic &n nke ya. Mana a jq omumc ya ria mpitko dunyere ya n'iburu udu nke ukwu o ~ i a na ahuhu uwil jwnr. . a . . .

Nhazi akuki) . . ndi a k c w a r a ~ n ~ ~ y . uzc! shy! (loro G n . Nkc rnhu na n b gbl?l;~ goski, omumc pma na ihc nil- eso ya ehc like abyq na nltc !)h\~la nil-egosi ihe ojc!c? na-cso ajr? ornunlp na anyaukwu. lldi , akuko . . a nil-abukari , . akuko . . n-jcrn tara akpu.

(ch) Nlughari . di . n"1hc Tjwa Nke a na ihe Npnyere yiii onwe ha. Na mbido

akFo, a kpwapulmmaka mrnadv abuo, ihe a na-agara nko kip rnrnad"' nke oma, ebe ihc na-kri nke engbo nunad? ikc. Na njcdebl akuku, ihe atqgharja; onye na-mi ulu atawl iih\ih?, onyye na-aia ahulw . . eriwc uru N'otu akgko iii) ndj Izii, e nwcrc uniunnc abuq ndi nwoke. A h u e otu n'imya ma a kp

as! b11 uta na akp. N' ikpeaq, nwa a k p ~ r ? asi bulatara isi nunad!, wcc nwee he o k w m na nkwi.

N';rkr,lko ozq, Mbe gburu nunadu, bu ya Ejula. Ezx: urn!mumanu ekpcbie na a ga-akwugbu P:jtila n'ihi na oghrlru o m na ozu la. Ka u f y q abrrlj an(? ka ir kwugbuo lijuh, yrr aluara otu akwa jiqji .. . c p a , jikechaa na-aga ndi qgq y;r. 0 mru Mbc n'!izq onyc jun! y;i ehr; o siri nweta akwa OlUii ahu. h j i ~ d a gward ya lla o bu cze ha cl+lyere ya ya h ~ a na y;, glwu nwa ya bq onic ;rip on-~umc. Mbc kwara aljtj, gbapq os(j gas gwa l i z ~ nit a naghi ahapu isi sujie olu. Nii 9 bu y;t gburu nwa ya, kiuna, sitc n'ujq nkwpgbu, ya eho ya 1ijul;r. Yn axjq Eze: ka napuh Ejula akwa ahy q clli,nycrc y;r, chinyc ya. N'ikpcazu Mbc akwu? ygwq qchy o gburu

1;Jq Auk9 a na-cgosi etu ngwucha ya ga-adi, b,&wa na-akqwappta na o& aghuko . nwpq onye agliy&q elic ya (rctributivc justice).

(d) NzoputalMgbuchl: . . Nqpula mooby Mgbochi n'ebe a ni-abukari, onyc

m(rc?bu ihr: si cbe jz9 abb. A na-ewebata udi k e a n'tbc ak&? b&a ruo na iu-amah?, nkc onyc n a h & akykq na- achoghi kii o mec. Ihe o na-erne b~ ikonyc nwa akykq ebe nr&iiihl! ga-akwysj n'&o , . $ mfk - &c nqp+dmgbochi (a dcus ex machina) amaputa iji zpputa onyc a na-akq rnaka yij ka oshinuri ghara iri ya.

Onyc nzoputa/mgboclu a na-zl4 n'ydi asampete nwagb(~ghy, mkkcreoohe nwaanyi, mmuq m q q b ~ anynm?. Nzppula na-abidwa rr'udj qgwu m ~ q b u okwu nmzo it gwara onye no nil mkpa. Ihe ima atu: N'Elel!~ nu

Ihe 0 mere, mgk Elelia jiri banye n'aka egbugbu l b e Onye Arna Ihe gma, 9 b i azq o butcre n'ake" rnrniri ka o siri nwebghachi K_a!aj onye eze iuhara n'ime osimiri. N ' e k a, a? bu onye n&i!ta. N'otu akw@wg a kwr, p bp u m y m y u gbaara Elc4a iuna maka idern ~ J V Q o gajc maka ilu d a Nwogo. N'ikpeazu, Elclia luru asanampctc a, onyc ;tutu . . . . urnmkorohia t ~ $ i u ha'maka ya.

G'rlk$n y m , ddilra n'olulu, noq oiutu ubochi. . . . Mgbe o h y ! o h onwc na-agdi, ya a+ ya 'kd " nycre ya aka pub. h w c nyccrc yn aka na nkwekorita na (,I g&/ cgbu yn. Ma.nxbc h w e nyecre yn aka u ki k'ohllu puta, 4 1 1 ckwekwaglu ahapu ya aka, n9rq n'elu ya gwa ya na yrr ga-e~i ya n'ihi na a&Fu emenyuola ya anya. Ka ha nq na rngbagha, Ugo e f m bia, j"? ha ihe na-ese. Ma tupu ha ehido ika . . pny ha, Ilgo b ~ a r i i ha na onye kpchaa, ya kyq aka yii k y m ~ kpam kyrun ugl:l>oro ise. Bnwc bu uzc? kq~haa, kuc! aka ya. Mghe Agy na-ak~, Ugo ewere anya gbaara Enwe izu, nke n w e na nlgbc: Agu na-aku aka ya, h w c aburu zam n'clu osisi, IJgo cf'ckgit, Agu akpara n'anya cle. U& by onyc sqpplr, n'akukv a.

Ihc n;.ppt$ na-a& bu igbochi +chi, rncc ka giu wcrcwcrc, biakwa k y s i n'obi ?ma na n'(jAu. Mgbe ufody, onye

ahu. Nkc a mere k;r hapu ebclc ah11 aka, o ilita, k~?wart. N'cke a, L3iuchi brr onyc n z ~ p ~ j t a biii akukq.

Ihc ka~ha ;kc mkpa na nhazi &*kp ili, b" illc $I wcrewcre di na ya. Nkc a kpalar:~ na ndi a kporc? aha nwcre ilic jsp n!cbl; + l a , n'ogc . obda, . sitc n'iji . di . egwu aga. A naghi eji ihe o ji atunycrc akuko . . , nkiti atunycrc ;~l(uk(? ifo. N'illu 12in,r/r~, l < x Ogara ()q n'Al\), I ,pta n' Mi! awcre ike ino n'elibrwe ugbu a, ma n'olu ntnbi mya c>zq ya any(! . . n'cluuwa; nwa a muru taa nwere ikc ikwu okwu taa, gaa ije taa, luo nwa;my/ taa. h e ndi, a cnwcghj ikc inie na mad!. Ihe nil:: di n'akuko . . ifo bu . . opun~odq. . . .

Ala Akvkv if") bu ala ebc ezi oinume na it? utc jupulara. O bukwa a h gwanv? ebe a na-enwedu ihe dj iche n'ciiti ihe nwcre ike inw m e na nke na-cnwoghi ike irne cmc jupy taw; 1 1 nw u~y anwu na-ebiiite n'gnwu; nwunycedi nke ukwu ezic nke nta ka 9 gaa n'cligpc kutcre ya mmiri; vhia a suni n'ulyF c~uchic na mgbcde, na ihe nd. ~z( l @ icho i'chc: na-ity n'anya. N'udi . . qwa a, y mghj ah? ihc mgbagw+anya na II+ niilc nc! n'akulio di egwu. Ila niilc, ma ha by allumimu, nimuc? ma ha bt;l mmadu, na-akpa agwlr krr rnnudu +ti bi n'eluuwa. 0 bu eziokwu nit mglx ulidu . . . a na-ak~' niaka n$ rnnil?q np n7d+kg n7@ iia-YL" egwu dika n 4 nwerc mpckolc isi, imy higc?rc? ahjgq, is1 ahuo, isc r n ~ q b u asaa, isi ha ka go, $wq cl j ka mkpu* a ~ i u , ilflyii ;LIIJ~~I, 11;) ihc ndi i!m, ha d o , ma anumanu ma nuhi , anwp, ikuku,pk" nil ihe ndj qzo, na-al& abwa kit mm;;iltl, gbuladi mgbe ha dj n'udi Chi jiri ltee ha. The inia rty jw; eju, s& a s q . Ila na-ckku okwu (ndj llunvq nr- ckwu n'imi n'imi); Mhekwu nwere ike jkpq sut; At- nil- awa sgya; Ngwcrc na-akpq . ubo; . afq na-aru Aw?, Ejula na-

aga na dibia; nimirtk~ na mmuq na-agba mgba; Azu na-du atl;~ e x ; mtnatl!~ nir-all! osisi; I ' l ~ l c : itko na-ckuru A ~ I I JlWil, Mmuq na-anwu ilnwu.

Olu ihc: ozo . , di . mklm cbc it h~! na c nwcghi ihc dj idre n'etiti ihr: ndi owcrc ndu na ndi na-~nweghi ndu; ntli, niilc ng a'ak!lkq &crc cYj& nimck&h nn' cliti onwc h.

1)74 o ri ake ndj nq n7&& d;a d c m . A h onyc e7.uola igw;r anfi nmka ya. A kpp! M e , a n 9 echctii , I ~ ~ U I U ~ C , ngh~gh(? na arurr!maia ya. A kpoo . . Ewu, obi itgbaga iinyi tia nzum yn. Mgbc ufqctu nilarii akpirr.a~nagwi~ onye ahu a kpoputitra czuola igwa anyi orryc a ns-ckwu rnaka ya. A kpoo , . 'Ori iht: I I W ~ L ! iinw~!', myi echcta IJtlele, 'Oghu onyc -ubqchi ndu na-rrgu ya' , anyj cchc~a Agu na OtIl!111-

Mgbc t.~li!clu ncli a kporo . . aha na-akp;~ agwa ka ah i~ ha sili di; 'AS!, Alp', na-eri rrnukwu nri, 'Anya Anya' na- ahuzu ihc durn, htimkpnr;t'toro okc ogologo, 'Oji ikc ljgil' na-fikpl! ;&PI!.

Otutu mgbc a naghi akpo ndi, no n'akukq czigbo aha, liania, a na-itkpo: 'Olu onyc', 'Otu E u l , 'Otu nwa itfib(?&(? c?nl;i7. 'Otu dintit', ' \ .)munne kc', 1>m~!mmuq an(?'. Ihc kpa1;1ta nkc a 1x1 na iihrt a kporo n'akqkv ifo adjchaghi. okc mkpn 1hc tlj n&a bu clu ilk&; si aga, ihc si nn'akt&c! aputa, na ihe nlrnu1.a d na ya. Ya bu, ma a kpyro aha mooby . . n;r il akpoghi, . . o nweghi ihe o gbochiri n'akuko. . .

Akukq il'o ndi I&o nwerc usoro e si ebido m;t nn- akwus!kwa ya. Nkc a ~la-i+&ulwo silt. n'otu ebc ruo ebc ozo n'ala Igbo. Ndi a bu otu u;/I) n'usoro ndi a;

' I d w I l i i - 'Ilii', moobu . . . 'Mbc 1%' - 'IXi'

Nkc it blr ahvhv c: ii11yc1.c: n' ~ g w m (;)k~rtk~?kt? ria-esi ~l';lk$? 1 , k u h o n~bido, i 1 , nkkirikg . . nr ag!~g!lala cnwcla ilic 9 na -ak~ mna nir-agy. C;) nir-csikwa n'ihc ndi na-aga n ' (hohodo cmwcta ihe na-ak(! n'egwi. lllc na-ak!) nwcrc ikc hpru ;k lk 0 na-ckpc ndj ~ n n ~ a d u . A na-csilakwi n'akykyccgwu akuzi (?t!ltq ihc. N'ala Igbo, c nwcrc (?tulu r d j ~ k ~ ~ ~ c c g w u . \Jl+i! n'in~c: ha bu: Mike l$ltgha, ' Scvcn Sevcn', ' Arca Scatter', I ,eonard W e , Iwcobi, 'Show I'romoter' na ntli on?.

.4k)iukyqpu a, nkc ~ i k c Ejiagha korq ma gyq: .l!nyi na Ivlhc' si n'akvkq ifo pilta. 0 ji akulq ii akuxjri anyi XI 0 di mkpa ka anyi chee ccliichc nkc: oma tupu anyi a n e c ihe uli,xI+ N'itkykq a , Mbe Enyi, ji yit kwuc) ugwo n'isi tiwtriryc. yir llgh~r a kn anyi . k(?o . akyko a 11' t!ju ya .

"Olu ozr; dj I&G lriuta~a olu a h . Ka a h eze ruru ogo tli, o bido gbawa nhq di, Onyc t;lu abia, onyc ala abia n m a llwitta a jy-u aju. Ihc a agbagw!guo nne na nna ya Ira ikwu na ibe ya mya. Nkc rr nlcrc; ka Ezc kp

Mgbc Mhc h!wq na nzubc ya gi:;r-enwe isi, o biiic jcwe na d tc Kze iji jut;tchaa ihe ada ya nw;r;tny,i c h y y rlke !hllrit. I l ~ c g\vara yit na or~yc: gb#r git-alu adlr ylr ga-;tkp~!tirrir y;r eryi ~ t + t . Mhc e k w w n'isi, bwa.

l)bochi . . Mbc 8viritl.a Ikyi wee ~.uo m;rna Mhc ekwcghi aga l)c Enyi rl'ogc. I\/lglx o t w u , Icnyi ;rn;t-cwc: iwc: aa ~ b d choro . . imc ka oru . )-a rpka onyc isi ochr: kyp ;rli? t\';rl;~. IJght~ a Mbc nwc1ar;h 1:nyi nkc pma nkc yniir, g w m ya nit oruru ha t ~ t nke llzc tisiisq . .. g;i-csi Ihyi n'itklr. Mgbc Ikyi jrm! ya ihc by isiokwu yit, (2 gwara ISnyi na (,I by-9 nil (.I chcyc? ka ha ruo ~sc! ?so, kn kworq ya rl'azt! cbc 0 by na ya anaghj agali ije ngangwa. I'nyi wee sj ya mskoro. Mbc akpachaa itnyii m ; ~ @hq~n Ijkqm, daa. ( ? gwuic I-hyi ka ya manye ya (,gbq n'olu iji rigoro yi1 n ' n q !,%(,I cjsc?, lkyi kwdara ma gwil ya mcc nkc (! na-cmc ngwa ngwa ka 11'1 gnwa. .N'u+, Mix cbido igu cgwu a:

Nna m I9c akpala in linyi Nna IT) Ezc akpata n~ I i q i 1 sj na !kpatrr onyc? ,4si m mi ya chcbc Itnyi (iuhe lkyi (? dlk;~ asi m nlt itkl>ah rn Ilnyi. (;) bu ollyc & i - i l b ~ isi Ochc?

Gw ogwongwo O . . bu onye ga-irbu isi oche'?

Gwogongwo Oo , . kwa Lnyi ga-ah! isi ochz'? Oo kwa h i ga-aky isi ochc? . .

Ciwop,wonp,wo Enyi na-aga any! so @ n'azu

Gwogwongwo Isnyi ga-aga any! so gi n'azp

Gwogwongwo,

Ka ha ruru na nke E x , Mbe csi n'azt! En9 mat~~o, sere

llkahuilu Niounwe;

I i ji udi . . 4 adu mmi+ qctu ka $1 rnam onwc ya, g l w a ij A a ya butcrc onwc ya nsogbu. ()ml;lmaalu: 3. "A4bc turu ?nu cbc: ya na ndj cnyi no-ahy nlmanya n'ahi,a

si c mckata e meki~ta ahia csu, ya were ykwu xq$uo nwaanyi . di . ime. E luo kit ahia sl~ro, ndj nwerc ykwu az(>gl)uo nwaiutyj tli, inw. A I>!ara jidc Mbc, tnii1lii mgbc (! nil-ag!, il@g(?,ii gWWa )fa na bu Ihc 0 kwllrtl n'!,nlI ya ka e .ji ckpc ya ikpc".

Ilu ya na y;r dak~ctara hu nke a; 'Onu . . burr, uzo gaa ogu,@wu . . gar) ya, 9 nagt- nktta'.

onyc a rra-ekwuru n'ihi na a k~chaara ya nwrr nkcnkc ;Ikukg a, k ; l m !) p- cwcuc iwc, 0 cl-wa ?chii Ijdi, ~~ka ly~ i lu ;I di, oli~lu 1\i11ja i l ) ~ y i ~ 11di ()/.akyw. Ka ha huru . . Agwo, onye gb* cbwu okpiri, chuwa Agwo, . kugbuo . ya. Awo . atugharja . gwa ya na ya kwukwal-a ekwu na e nwcrc: ebc. ha ga-auo, okwu adaghaja. Nke a bu ukabvilu ndoitkanantj (ndymody). Ilu ya na ya yiri bu: "A dywa nti ma o . . . nugtu, rngbe a ga-egbulu isi, nth asowc ya.

6. Ukabuilu nkc a na-csonu bu nkc nkocha mqqbu nkowmonu: . . . .

Otu czc nwcrc onye pbja.

N';tg~.ll~litg~! c,dinals Igbo, Sorornchia . mo($y . hkqkq N ~ O O C ~ I ~ . IM! akukq, (? byghi ej:jijc: d/ka di n'i~gvmi~gt! ctlerccdc. N'/kowirputa ihc sororrrchis hu, Geolgc Meredith n7shw~!lwo ya b kp&r?'7ke Idru r ,S'~rme& (1877) kw1u-u nil o . hu . . ud/ . okwu na-akpalitc oc i j n'obc ndi, mrn;a$ no-age nt! no site na ngh+i na cchichc hit tinycrc n'ihc a na-ckwu. lJdl . . akwu na-i~kplite okc [)chi, nwcrc: ike met+ nzuzu, itu

1. nlwokc gara 'I'awyr~s!lii pu:

Otu rlwaokorobia kpoorc! . . cnyi ya nwaanyj si n'ime obodo bja gaa n'ulo oriri rllr nkwali.0 chcrc nii ya ga-ernere ya ihc oma site n'igotcrc ya salaad?. Ka onye

5; Nwokc na-iua Kiltikixim

*** Akwlhwc! ndi a ga-ap,q maka Sorornchja nhju b ~ ! Su,o d l ( ' l r r ; (1083)'nl.c 1% 1 N Oswgwq dcrc. C) bq ndi h4;rcnl1llirn Bll,~Librd ys. (h~o$wa ,1114ma/l! / Ig! tn~cr~~t nfr Z l f ! 4 r ~ i ~ p 0hr.u nkc 1.. Nol~ic: I

])$a akykc? vd!nala, ndi Igbo nwckwam eji-jc ylkala. 1;jije by njije (nfiomi n'inx ihe ka onyc ( ? z ~ rnc)c!bu ilrc !)zq si GIW) nhe ~runatl!r na-qjijl; okcrc (man's imitation of' natuse) nke na-ego+ >GI (mmad!~) n'ihe (,I n;i-tme. Olcc ihc ahu nmadu na-cmc'? Na ndq ya niilc, silc n'ali) rue . rr'ali!, nlnladr? na-erne ilhc d! iche ichc d,ilta iru oru, igwu

. . I .

cgwu, ibu rrgti;~, igbn q s ~ gbalahi odxhi g w a adagide ya, i k ~ ~ i t onyc nw!m! mwy, iiijc nlrnatl~! ihc ya, j& egwu, iga rJcrn, ikpcrc ()bas& Ilu di na nwunye, igba ntn dgz. Mgbt: nlmtly notl!u-~, ala n'ogc ozuzuikc ya, b!a meghariwa ihe ndi n o nicbhru na rnbq m k a iji nyj;l ogc mr kpaa unwc y. obi (ma, 9 na-cgosjpula cjije. Ejjije nwerc ike ibu nkc c rncrc: n ' m a egwrrrcgwu ~haobotlo, nku redio, rlke ~iivii, JAG sili~lu, nke vido, na r~ke c: tfcrc n'akwukwo, moobu . . . . k w m ~ cIx (?b~rl;t mtnadv gbak+lara.

' O . , bu c'ziokwu na ~ b t : a m-iulpkwi m e qjijc ytl-+la hu n'a~nir cgwurcgwu obo(lo, e nwcghj cbc c nwcghi ilic il!)l.o nloc Fa. Mia, ~ k j a , irnc nunii, okporouz(), mbaracjri, irnc *!do. hycha cbc c nwcm ikc jsc? rncp(lta gjijc +inals.

' Ndi Igh II~VCII: c-jii~ d/ ichc ic11c nlana q &hi ihc rliilc ha hcrc b1.1 cjjc. Eji-je bu e ngbe o bu 11ln1cgh;1ri!mmc11ivc (recreation ) iji k l m obi oma. lhe a nn- ckwu bu ha o . bughi . . ihr: niilc mrnadr mere b; ejijc (IjIlika ndi nlnlail? di!tiu chcsc. Na mmad!~ abuv lntloro gbawa mgba ~ I I I J ~ I ! I I ! e&sip& cji.jc. N ~ I !UIlUikii c&WU!)IIWP ap~litghj na ha n;r-c~ncpr,~ta qjijc. Ihc rid! i by cgwwe.cgwu nk/li,. I-Ia ilb\~&I c)J~$, lllc 11dj ilika ilg? ~&g-.--iio- TAW^ &pukl>~1n1kl)c?g~.Iq~iik1~g.k(~1~(?, I I ~ I ,A\! . . . ~!so,_jgba . k o s o ~ tigz. abrrghi c-ji$. ]la btr egwIrcgw1.

Ejije odinala nwere oge pur? iche c. ji erne ya tljkii ogc tniunw b y q h y o 11. ndqm A rraylli, cmc ya mgbe niilc, ebe niie mpr?b\i mmgbc ~ b u l a 9 s y c ? onye moobu ndi. QZQ, c.ii~e ~dhiill;~ bt,~ ihc d i i qhaobodo niyqbu bd.' 3 di& ka &p

Agymtlg? Odinnla lgbo . 57

Mmaliie Mmonwu . . n ' h h lgbo

ka m r ~ i a n w ~ ~ cli as? nn obube, obc nke abughi . , utli yn h'u N'itka I I ~ G ~ Y X ? , Chycnckc (1987) tia- ;I~ow;I n;\ ihc

niiic no nl;lw!rq h ? ~ mnqnwl!. !, ~ra-alipw na nimcywq . niilc agaglij ad! otu ydl rrtrn+u Tilii otu a h n'ihi na rik1.1 dl na n h a na-cdlcrc n ~ b a rwi. N';11yrurruka ya, g sj tii\ n'agbbanycpbi i1a (>d$i tnm!mw" cii n'icht: n'ichu, iwu, nsq na omcnrtla n ; ~ c l i j ha niilc I>! o h . N',igii n'ihu, y g!rpi!tilr;; ndi ;I niilc ctikn mmonwu: - Ijclu, Iiraga, Otlo, c)rnabc, Ogbotlo, I'kpc, I O i A v ~ j a , AcI~il,\vi!, Ogbamgbada, Konko, MgbcJikc, AgabaiJu, 1Jliigi\, Ayaka, I < g l ; ~ i l ~ , I ~ c ~ c ~ c , C-)riokpn.C.)kumkpa, Osonigwe, lib~~bcdike, I b y i n n y ~ , ~ dgz.

lu"'aghanycg@ r;nwcdii nkwckorila . . n'odidi . . - rntrly~w~!, 1 Igo~~n;\ II;I (lnyu~lcite kwckoritara . . n ; ~ ~mynwr! bq qjijc; 11, 11di Igbo si na nlrnimwu cgosipula nkniek@til

t . . ruli di rttly n ; ~ ncii liwuru mwy. . . . ,

h,litiori~u hu orurlkn na uzo kachasini! ntli Igbo na . . . . , . . ntli nibs Afi-irkn ndi yzc! si cgos!puta r!j&oso . . 114 . . di ntl~,i na

nini:tt~\~\! (.) t l i . otulu . . . . uzo , nimadu nwcrc ikc isi mcri!o mmaliw?, ( h y c : I I , I S ~ nminrlw!l O ~ L ! n l ~ q b u tic Yil ihc, ;I tria kii nlntan\\i; a!tu cpce tirpc, a si na onyc ahu dikwuoh isi

Olu onye tryb!r L~IC s\irem kc ibido cjijc mntpwq. li nwzrc i k yiri rwi~r" n l ~ b u &mi ;JL! clu. Chlycir~d! i r ga-apuh n'qgbo bido gosiwa ncti, nlereanya

i Nkiri Mnwghe

hit y u y r l u ~ i a ~ ~ g o na-c.1w.i rw ~qcdcbt: mhc;nr ha, o~ijyh;~ csj n'ultwuri~ mmpnwr rnithalii I ~ ' ~ ~ ~ ) ( ! I I ~ I c ; ~ I \ v u , IIIiIW:i t ~ ~ b ~ ' l l \ . i?,I>;lWit CgWU.

iii. Mrnanwy I ~ k p u o IZlir

( )/.U& C Z C I ~ I ~ \ I O ~la-iW.()ny~: $\Y u r~'ogbi?nrrri;ru~!r, ~ ~ n ! m ~ l ~ a r i g t , cbidc, uri r~nabilla. Nkc a I - I I ckwucar;~;~ nk;. I)] ~ y c i~f;\!litc 111-i (k)hwih~g~!~kpil,t) ~ka-~bidc~, r~illtal'igo lid! QZC? iItM-Mil:

()Lwrrrwytyy!; N n y : 1 kc, n n ~ y ! Mmarigo: Ilzc oo 00 oo

xii I h r ~ i n e hlmcchi

(ii)

N'uri nkc mby, n$ na-agu ya (ncli, gajc agha) wewc obodo ha na ha na-alu agha dika n:a munu pere e e t m mpc. Ya b? na ohodo ahy ikc, h'ihi ya, ha ga- anwyu ha n 'da , drxa igbawa la eglx.

Na nkc a b p , obodo na-at? cgwu a wccrc o n w ya ka cnyi (Ihyinlba) ebe obtdo nke om pcrc; rnpc n'mya ya. Nzubr: obodo a h" igjwcppia onye na ill; obuln hit h!m! n'che ha na-agi~ adra.

N'uri nkc a@, ohodo na-agy egwu achj,ghi arjri, mkpa j j l~l akan'ihu na m t k JIa si na obodo ha na-aso ihc ndj a n s ~ , n'ihi na obodo 9x9 tp-b ha aka n'ihu, In &a y4?'-

(ch) Ejijc Ol'uScchi/Ntgaja

Nkc a bu ejijc c ji efk ofirlt - cgwurcgwu a na- ~ ~ W U I I ~ C I . ~ Chi dj iche iclw nd! mrladt! kwcnyerc; na ha. N'obodo C~cece na n'

(ii) Nwoktirjt$q e r: i Ny)kc@ukq c: e i ISkwclc ya gutlc gy N';rla nna gu o o Ekwtil~ ya gutlti gu oo

7.9

(iii)

1. 1 Jri nlr Egm~ (Music, Songs and Ihnces).

(is@ by 111i/Ligwu'? Halo si, 'IJn by iwu chi hi. 9 nit-enyc uwa mkpp-yohi na-enyc uche mmady nkw na nka ilk dc. 0 bu qywu nil-egbu iwc rm quma, m-cnyc ihe obula ndu". N'ebe a, I'lato h!m uri ka ihe di oke rnkpa na n d ~ nunad!! n'ihi na c wcpu ya, vwa ga-ad! ka qkummuq. l J n b~! aguryb? na ekwerckwe na agbaragba.

Mgbe !fqd% a na-ejik~do uri na agpnagv djka orynka nke a 'naghj ahu anya, ebt; nkc a r y y l q ( c h ) errcrcsc na akppnakpt! (painting. and sc;ulpturc) ka a a-ewe ka . orunka . a na-ahu anya n'ihi na e nwerc ike ijide ha n'aka.

Dika ogbo ya n 4 y~zq n'uwa niile, uri q w Igbo nwcrc mmaMc ya n'Lnc ofuii.chi. N'ebl; onyc Igbo 119, ihc mb~! c ji makil ya eli egwu

2. Ahu ISo (Iculk J5nlcrhinment Poems)

Nkc a nwere ikc byru ifo k w y q r ~ onwe y ;~ m~qbu nkc: r: wchatrm n'imc ikykq ilb. 1i nwcrc nghqts na e nwcgh! ill) (huh lrkc kwl,rl,rru onwe ya iche n'cnwcglri ak!lko ya na ya so. Ebc ilb kwurv na nkc onwc ya, ikc kwa, e chcli~oh akykq ya Ira ya so.

Nkc a hu . abu . ili). 0 nwcit akqko, ma c clcp~laghi ya cl.)c a . ( i ) . b l b ~ agihwa,

A j i ~ rrhcle, Mhc agawa,

( i i )

Mbcle. Ekwo raa m aja,

Mbelc. Oji 00,

Mlxle. Efuo m,

Mbclc. Qcha oo,

'Mhclr; E h o m,

Mbclc.

N'cbc: a, !) 4 mkpa ilcbaiy anya n'9didi abu ifo: 9 na-ab\lk* nkwermkwkrk (sing-mig nalurc). Ili, abvghj akorc$(?. Silc n'isi ruo n'gdu, a u a - t ; k w ya ckwe. (1 na-enwe kwunkwukwa moobu .. . . kwcnkwekwa. (~cpctilion)-

(a) Mbc; agawa (b) Bzcugo Ajatnbcle M bcle Mbc agawa Ezcugo Ajambelc Mbde

Kwunkwukwa m!)pbu Kwonkwckwa + n'u* naabo: uiu (compldc) na okaa @arljal).L,ee anya n'ifo nkc a:

Onye gara nga myi ya? M w a mma Uju

Onye gara nga enyi ya? Maara rnma

Huru ibe ji n'aka n'aka (1 kal-a Buru h e ecle n'aka

Ahu . ;trir~ . . bt! a k ~ i t imcobi tke t~~rnad!~ na-cbc silc 11'ihc !>jot! rnerc: yit. Nke ;I I I W ~ I U ikc !I)? (pwl! 011yc: ii hqry n'arlq'a, (,q$om nil rnli~, dj I,lr ( )rncnuko kwal-a rnghc ngw;tith!a y;r niilc lusj~j n'iyi Igwu rnghc yil na !nr~!r;h~a y;r nu-iqy i h nit Jlunde. ti) lxb nlkpu obi mgbnwa o tiri:

"C)basj l>i rr'lilu, 9 bu gjni, mew ! ga-eji mec ka M byy (i dj ndy p w u ka mma?"

"Msdy niile ntlj gajc w w soro y;r kwrta akwa n'i\li i lx ya du~n Kun;nhtyu ya"

(ii) -OIIWU NW~~III~C'

1. ~ l l ~ l t - y\Vil a Silil !)@W,l. ( h y ~ k i ~ rn i~~; i t -akwi \r i i ~ ! t ~ i i ' ? ( 'hi cjicla uzy i i g l l ! ~ ~ $!a. N\vaanyj c nler e x , ~ n c c IW;I ya A h u l i r 111 u\va (lhii , Nwannc 1 ,001q, q gw;t olcc'? Nnc le, onw!i an~aglu e g h oo ( h w y cjighi ogu cgbu oo ( hyt: onla ;~liial;i

lIUTla illitillil

Onwu crnckcclc i~rryi obi. Mgbc r~lotlu, . . . i i na-csit n'nbu ahwaa~iri, cnwcla irby

olulo. Nkc a na-emc mghc a rra-agup!~la ihe q m i t ruilc gbasara onye a na-ckwu m i i k a ya (onyc; nw!iru iinwu).

(ii) Onyc IJC 1ilW;l 1JWa lyo! lyoo!lyo! (1 dj ka bewc akwa Iyo! lyoo! Iyo! I;Jn~unns I . i w ya lyo! lyoo! lyo!

(Mi)

( 8 ) Abu Oha (Sochl Pocrns) . .

Abu rt bu nke e ji echi qz?:

Nl jclu, Gudc ye: o ! Gude ye o ! Ciudr: ye o l

Ka clinta rmahpoku ibe ya ka ha gl~al!sir: ikc n'igbu any, $1 na-aj!luarj nk$aghja ya ka o jide anu na-ac;hu.

E jikwil abg nta eto ndi clinta, nu n@ di n d ~ ma ndi, nwyry anwy. Mkpvkpc? nla na-abuli mmp? nd. nta ~ l u , ha crlwcc ikc rncc; rikc qnla nii nh ha giwa. Nkjta kwa, na-enwt: njalite n'jchy nta mgbe a na-akp? rnkpqkpq ndi a, na-akpc;, ha aha n'otii n'otu. Nkc a bpkwa mkpykpp nla pix?:

Edi o ! Mi o ! Ecli o ! Cibuony n ' a q ylq I'lendu, Hcndu Orlyc ji egbe -e-e W e u w e u - u - u Erucha~una D c d ~ iltc'gwurl! rnrr~~ Mnl* na mnlady arlaghi an! otu ahb Okc abosli nokata o @I(?(! oke mmuq

1 1 .

Nsi glsuokwan~! nwa diIn,a Nna ya o ji pjni daa ya ogwu? ~ g b u ~ b c r c ~ n & - c I,Jny g m ebcc Mrniri jiti maa e x ' !

(Okcbdama, 1986: 4-5)

(10) A b{~ &ha (War Poems)

Ndi a bu ah!] ndi lgbo jiri luo . . agha n ' o g ~ ochic. Mgbc hi, na-aga agha ha ji abg nJi a agpi onwe ha obi ib. N ' m aka ahu kwa, mghc hi\ n~etili n'i~gha, hi1 ji ha ilhy

Nmgbu. n z ~ ) g l ~ i llnyimba cnyi

Nz&u Enyirnba cnyi

Zpgbu onye ukwu Enyimba cnyi

%@uo anye nkr Enyin~ba cnyi

Zogbue nwokc hyimba enyi

Z ~ g b u o nwimnyj Enyimhii enyi.

N'irby .I, ;r nn-.rkyhii /!\l;\iik\r, n? I\;, tli, hv O R ~ C htlpij~i! di ya, gbapq gb3w Kd31~11j ebc ~I,\Lu ego na-;rda (pu;

m d a ya nwero, di,ka mma anyahu, omumc oma, na ihc nd? ~ Z U rla-cb\~l)pIi~ cb~hc: nunad!.

Mghe $kit!, ;I na-csite n'abu ihunanyn akq mmady yn?. N'ydi a, by~!zie dy rtkqclra.

Ndi a hv rpt!rnaii+:

,Id;r ngangii,rrdit Nw;~igwc, Ada 1 1 \ w nmi;idi), ;1(13 Nw;~igwc, Atia buru cybii, ada Nwaigwe, \ jpbt) Awusa, ;idn Nwaigwc.

Udumma, nne Jpgchi mara Ojolirna a mgbt: ada ya nwiunyi si na k~nvcnli ha hdit1;tr3 ya ilrc unyieyc: cli khi ichc orkyeivi ha na n 4 otu ya bunycrc ya. Udurmna hv onyv ywa na-any) nkc m 9 hvghj tu1-q rachaa. Ihe ndi e eyere ya - ma ihc ori1.i ma uwe tnii akwa wec: ju ya anya, (? dachapydc n'ojolima ii. (,)tutu mgbc,ntq iwjuru rnrnanya afv na-ego ugu~i, n a - a d a e .

A gaa n'ime obtdo anyi di iche icht;, a ga na-mu \!die ab!~ a n'onu ndi rnmadv. Jkic ikc dcda ha n'akwukwo. . .

!Jdi a htt aby glmara ndi oke clikt;, ~rdi odogwu, 114 kyam ikc n'vzt? p ~ u ichc. Ikc; dj n'udi, n'vdj, n'ihi ya., uli?du obodo nwerc: aby ha ji ndj nke ha kpara ikt: n'otu '

u q rn~qbu (gq guq Mana cbv abg akqkgdikc moob? . . aby ndi odogwu na-apt! anwp-q bu n'obodo ndj gbara Anambra lijvcr R s i n o ~ i r i . lIa na-akpq qdi abu a $4. I-ibc c?z~ kwa r: nwcrc t!dj aby it by n'C,)hal'G. Ab\r a na-rto okc ogologq a na-ilkyucha ya ihc ruru any i j isc mpqbu gaFee.N'ihi ya, 9 rant ahu idcputacha ya edepukr. Ma ka anyi depyta ahiri, olenolc silcrc na ~tchoputa Azyonyc rra l~dcchukwu glmara otu odogyu aha ya bu ~ x ~ c r n c n a Nc@ve:

{>qenrena wcc gbaa afi! asaa e ji muo . . yit O wcc kcloc nne ya na rrna ya 1Ia a m ya () s i ha: "llnu ga-akpuq~ nl (jgu ~ t a Innla; . .

Ka m nwee ikc nwch a h ry? ?q N'ihi n ; ~ agyu na-enye ndi ohodo anyi. nwgbu" Nna ya Ndjivc cltwenycre awa ya Si ya na aro ya di mna, "Mana al-pnaara rn 91-u qbyla N'ihi na na okcr m na-&ta ga-cm, anyi Na naanj mma i mara Ezugo"

(,I si yrt na q byghi ciokwu. Ha wce jec kpu(,w? ya mma ahu "I hu mma ahu &logo ya ha ka site nga a Kuo n'ama obodo anyi. cbc ah$' 0 wee si ha:

, "(,h? nwa o b w mni) c ji as! i&\k.l! Kn yu nwcrc?" Ndi nlercnaya (ochi). vkp akukq: Gwb ya gan kpvqrq ya mma. IIa wec gawa Oka Mgbe mbq ahu Qku by d i~zu . . . .

Na nchik~ta, ogologo m a a k p v y u Qzqcmene Ndjivc ha ka site (i)nicha gaa Aba. 0 wecrc nuua a baa n'okc obi-a, gbuo ya rnha ugboro isii, ohia . . avuchap . . d g ~ .

I ) Abu Echemeche (Philosophicul Poems)

(i) llkwu arury naaho Nwokc ruwara n'ama: A n!)ruo, 1. wcrc ruq ji, Anql-ugh!, E gwcbjie ha, Werc haa odi n'mla, Lasia.

(ii) Nwala jcwcrc; ijc ikpala cgo N'qru oyibo Ozi naabp 9 ga-ezi Ndi n y r q ya n'ulo: IJ butcghj akpati om ya, 0 bute ego o ruti~ra n'pru.

( ~ z ~ c h h w u : . . 1992, 19 )

1Jri na ligwu (Music, Songs and 13ances ) Abu Ilb (Folk Enlertainmenl I'ocms ) Abv Otuto (l'misc I'ocms) A l y Akwai~$?h Uju ( I iurrcnlalionsllile~cs) AbuIMbcm Akwamozu (k'uncrd Chantsmurial Sort~dl Xrgcs) Aby Nnwa (Childbirlh, L.ullabicrs and Nurscry Rhymes) Ab! NtqajdOhfcchi (Itilual Poems) Abu Qha (Social Poen~9) Abu Qru (Occupational Poems)

Agha (War Poems) Abv IkpclNkocha (Sa(irical Poems) A l q likere (Natural I'hcnomcr~a Poems) Abu ~hynanya/Qkwu (1 .we Poems) Ahu I lgori/Ojolima (Rhapsocl y) Alq Ntpkq Dikc/Ita (Epic I'ocms) Ah" Rchcmoche @hilosqhical Pocms)

Mnlaliic 1 kpc

Ikpc, cqka rnburuputiruwa, cnweghj ogc a ga-asi o jiri bido kponlkwem n'ala Igbo. Ebc ikpc d] onye ohula n7in1c any! n'pbua, a ga-as! na ikpc bidon) mgbc ndj Igbo bidoro ndu ha djka agbuq.btna n'ccherc nckce, a si na ikpe bidoro na Rome. Chyc mby kpcrc ikpc n'obocio shy ma busukwa onyc 9i.u ikpe ya cljgi$esc ~.uo taa bu I-Iorace. 0 deic /hc bmycrc nclj hiri ndu n'oge nkc ya n'yclj nkqch;,. Ndi okpcikpe ndi so 1Iosac;c n'azu bu J m a l , Alexantlcs lbobli, (icorgc O ~ k l l , .lon;rL;m ltna ncG qzo.N'obodo anyi, ndj djka Emenanjo, Chinuit Achcbc na ~ o l c Soyhka

Ihe 15 . I1 Maka Ya Kkpc lkpc

Ikpc na-aqi qrv dika ihe e ji agbszi ontunre ghag(,m! qlr;tg

mccli~ nzuzu akaje,ma gbaa ajq ihc ptq di. ukwuu (ihu 156).

{Nulu ndi (~mcnkii na-cweputa iht. ndi mara mms na ihe nclj na-egos! utq nkc ndp marla ndj okpcikpc rr;~-clcnyc anya n'imc: w o na apjti nkc qha ru eze. Nkr: a tli ctu a n'ihj na ihe &as;ar; cjlaobodo na-cchu h ;~ y r ~ . Okpcikpc by

I omcnka a hur-u anya. Sitc n'ikpo okwu dj ichc id), ~ c h l nii . . cchichc dj nk(3 (.I nit-a1.u ont yii, weputa ihc o brr'l~chc g l ~ a s m n$ na-etc ohaobod(i ;nyi n'ihu. '

Sitc n'kba ndi mmad!~ ushi/oshi, bu ndi mere ihe ojou . . . rnqjdc: onici~lwla. ;a stp;mny;l ndi (,bod;, okpcjkpc IU- erne ka ndj g u m eme udj omume ah!i n'gdinihu wepq aka cnwc n'ofc tupu o ghoq aka nunad? n'ihi IM mgbc a na- adu nwa nwerc nne qtfu, nke na-nweghi ma-cgcrc.

Ndi A Na-Kkpe I kpc!

Ndi N;~-Ekpr lkpr

Nlia ikpc ikpe bu ihe na-elo clo ma burpkwa nlie n'

mpyfara ha. Ndj nforobia (okoro nil :rgbr)ghg) na-ekpc ikpc ebc: o . tli . ukwm~. Mnl~~rwt! na ndi o k c ~ y ~ ' (nwokc na nwaanyj) site ~ ~ ' o t u egwu ha c l i ichc ichc nu-ckpc ikpe kit it na-anw!~ ilnwu. N'al;l!k~! oh 1gho ~!liyfu, hq nirynwt! abali, ndi d]ka A c ~ ~ u ~ ~ w u , . . na-ekyc: ikpr;.

Ogc mmemmc ndi obodo, cgwu qnwa, akwan~ozt~ na oge nkiti ~ W H na-abu ogc ikpc. N'cbc diki~ I,Jm?cshi cfi %'Ideat* nkl mprghiva (?h, p bu ubochl Wucshi- l h y ka Okorosh ( m m q n y ) ha ji ekw" noha n'ihc ojqq gari ~i'(jhi~ohotlo na n'ikqcha ndj nke a mcf!ltara n'afc? gbula.

Nclj (jkP&bl! na nd! ~ k ~ a k t ~ k ( ? t ~ c g w u na-ckpekwr ikpe kpu . . oku n'onu. . . Sitc n'oge ruo n'oge, ha na-aryye ihe uf(?du na-ah nfj arp, b ~ j ndi, na-aga n7\)haobodo, n'cgwu ha. Ndj ddja Show Pnmtn ha, Mike Ejiaghu ha, Seven- Swcn ha, Iweobi ha, Ozgmenna Nsugbc ha, Obiligbo ha, Jot: (hyekwelu ha, dgz. na-ekpe qha na eze na ohaobodo ikpe.

Isiokwu .I kpc

Nwagb~ghv, (M! akwa ka i na-ebe; !)q akwa ka na-ebc ! nq n'qm mghc s na-ski! gi bongo N' (mu ikpu?

(Qhdc, 1987:6)

N'ikpt: a, ndi kpere ya na-ekwu 'na cbc nsogbu tlj ab!~ghi, n'ighcwe ukwu oghr: nit-eh nwa!lch~)rc,myu. kana o . bu . n'ihe na-eso na ya apyta.

Na nkc a I\;$-csonu, otu rnmonwy a na-akpq Ali~mma Oylidie kpt:rc ya olu nwagbnghq e jidcre ehc (,I xu-cmc d inc n'abonkwu n'imc 5)hirr:

Agumagu , Odinala . Igbo

Wee nyonye anya n'qgbg nkwy M wee hu nwata nwagbgghobia ebe o kwl! Hu nwata nwagboghobja . . ebk 6 kwq ' Hu nwala nwagboghobia . . . ebe o kwu ~ i b a d a ~ b a am naahp Ara o bu n'obi Wee hachaa ka mbelc nlrnanya Ya na otu owolowo ikpu Na ogbodogbo am! naabq Ndi be anyi amu . ahu . na-eri ikpu Ikpu ya na-eri utu Ara o bu n'obi n'onwe ya na-erikwa ulu Anyi wee rie-0-0 h y i wee nyoo wee rikwasa - o Na ihe nke a d i egwu Mgbo onye z9i\*.a onwe ya nwa Onyqha Onye zowa onwe ya, ihe a I, dighi gi egwu? ~ h a a r n i n Oyilidie 0 bv na o djghi gi egwu? Onye ka o lughi egwu, nwanne n ~ ? Ihe nke a tu;q rnrnonwy egwu Atumma Oyilidie, b ~LKL,I gj egwu. ~ h ; t u b e ~ h i . , . m udi . . ihe'a.

[Nwoga, 238-91.

N'ikpc a, a ga-ahu . . otutu . . kwunkwukwa, kwunkwugha, nsinuda (agbadagba, owolowo, ogbodogbo), nkqwa na nkowasj. N'ahiri 39'ikpe a di, 17 mby hq nkwado na njikere ihe a ga-ah!; 1 i na-esoany b4 nkqwa- puia ihe a hury; 1 1 ikpeaz;~ wee bur! nkgwas/ na nkqwada ihe a hqru.

0 . di . mkpa ka a ghota, site n'ikpe a, na a bja n'ihe gbasara edine Metytara nwoke na nwaanyi, . o . na-ah! nke nwaanyi ka o na-aka njo. Nke a di clu a n'ihi na ohaobodo

anvi bu nke nwokr: na-enweghl . . ula obula. , . i s n u mya, e jiderc nwokc na nwannyi na mmeinme .a mma o bu nke . . nwamlyi ka okwu nit-&a n' i i .

0 t?ghi naanj tpullwil;uiyi ka a na-akqcha n'ihc: qbnsara kdine. woke na-achu n ~ & ~ i na-anata nt"ma;bi ndj ikpc. I.sa ka c si kpw: nwokc a ikpc ha nkr: a na-csonu:

S) wu . . unu . iunagh! Filip onyc I&) anyi Filip nwamkpi onye anyi'? 0 n m l n rn nwaanyi rn luru'alu . - vmynna rn any! 'ga-eme n'wamkpi a aha? Ohye h p u nwaanyj di ya nwuq anwu Ya kpowa Filip ka o luwa.

4 .

N'ebc a9 c ji m h y nwanmk-pi - wee kpee Flip ikpc. Nwqnkpi a kpgro ya, na ikwu ka a kp$ara ya nwaiinyi, ?hula di ya ny1< anwq La c) luwa. na-ego@ na Philip a na- ckwu m k a ya apfccla okc a h n'ichu . umunwaanyi, - ma ntli no na di ma n$ na-ano&i.

Krr any! si n'ihe gbasara mmekq nwoke na nwaany! puo, . . gaa n'ihe n$ om' 11'ikpc ndi Igbo. Dika c kwuru nit mb\s ohi, ckworo; &i nr ckik'e ojw . .. na-aputa ihc n'ikpc. N7 cbo ohi di, a nkgbaru ihu na ya mana ol;i ji na- adj egwu n7ihi na e wewc ys ka ak? n'p@ ehe n'ala Igbo.. 0 bughi nalmi na a na-ekpc; onyr; ohi ji ikpe, a na-ete ya h y i n7;;liu, iiyimycchs;t ya r6kp(.;n;klxi na hkp{jmkpb d!k;t nlyekck qjulc: na kornkom, buwc ya . uzo, . rnmadu dun1 mo ya n'azu, kuru ma guru egwu glmzuo obotlo. Nkc a hu ikpc . . I c ~ ~ L ' I - c otu ilwaanyi zuru ohi ji n'lhiah;

hlgboric Osuagwu onyc ohi ji o

Onyc ohi ,4la altrola . gj o Nga nwaiuiyi na-cm ji o Onye ohi ji rlla atyola @ o

(Ohalo, ihu 9)

lgba asiri so n'otu ihe ndi Igbo na-agbary~u ihu. Ndj nwokc: ba nq kmYj nit-agba m m a n k ~ - l ? l ~ ~ u y j ekweghi ntinye ony.N'ikpe nke a na-esony nwunycedi na- ebc akwlr & IGJ akuko . . o kooro , _ . n&unycdi ya ka nwunyed ya gbara n'anwu:

Akuko m kcmyem nwunyc di m o Ka b jerc kpyerc di m 13 m abab nu-egbu m h e m koro ma-am.

t t

Ag\~rnnbq (,)d!naIa Igbo

Ajg nncdi akwngbukwala m n'cmu Ajp nne& o Kwc rn ekclc qrn?

a Ma nwa @ luwa & o Aj!) nnctti akwnghukah m n'emtr.

Akwa m~ir ha !ma ahe Akwa ama ha tuna ebe , Onyc a wcgburu na nri (1 by ya ka ha mi) ?imn ebe? Onyc a wpghon~ na any Ka arna ha ?ma ebc . Onyc e tigburu n'ala Ka ama ha vma ebc lkhc ha na ikwu m ~ @ h i ya fiche ha na ihe anygh? yn lihc ehc h y i agagh? ekwe ya.

(Ohdc, ihu 14,15)

Na n~mcchi, n'ala igbo @a 9 d! n'& 114 9x9, G ji ikpc agbazi ma na-egbochi qdachi M-adakwasa ?haobodo nkc l;itci-c: n'aka ndl mmady t$iid+. Nkc a dl ctu-a ~ n . &I k' nii nkqcha agwa

n'okpuru rtrryanwy; na mcc elu, mee ah, nn n1i1 ga-ahyliri, 01pirr.u n n i q qhqla na-elk ck. Ndi ikpt., dika pmunne awo, . . na-a+ aw0 a@; $kw;r ka qmunnt: nkitpi, nit-che dirrpi (!IN.I. 11;) 11s-asi: Ojc ;kwa asir ah\) nwa onwc y;~. (-)nyr; ~ ~ ~ r n c : nko 9 na-emt: ~nittakw~ na "mya iit~,~puo alit ilht! nrin~q" ~+w; I IIW.

(i) Ilu

N3 nkenlte, ilu bu okwu ci! itne na ngh(p nke na ot+u . mgbc, 9 na-agha oSckc gh;~rii, .. (?huliidi . . . onyc amamihc n'onwc ya. Ya ka e ji a& n'ilu sj:

Om. . a si na i l ~ r by mkptuu aku dte amamihe ndi obodo di. n'ime i a . Hn by achcmeche ndi s chjkqhra na rnhporuokwu . . olcnolc, we*: b p uzp di nkenkr: yha na cm j i echcta ihr: ndj 4 mkpa na m&ta maka ndv P ria-cbi kwa ubochi (Obiechina: 1975,156) , . .

Ilu bu sb!lbo ndi lgbo ji cli okwu. Achebe (1958) s~ , na ilu bv mrnan!] ndi lgbo ji cri okwu. llgonna (1974) na n k y i r nkc y;i sj ria ilu by enyo nkc c si na y;l shuchala ~ U I I ~ I I ~ ~ I C n~nudu .

(a) nsitere n ' d a fLre aka, ys ko c: ji asi na ilu bu nmamiihc ndi okenyc (Obiefuna: 1978);

(b) okwunka nkc I@ anya doro na rrdl isi incbiri kwwu;

(ch) mbjakor$a orricrilrh rn ibo ya, mgbanwe n'obibi ndu na nhorni omenala ;

((1) ntutu:rha (aha orulu) ridi Igbo.

kt snyj site na n 4 isi mebiri gafert: n'ekc ndi, anya doro 119. (Jll,r14 mgbc ka any! rm-anv n ' p ~ ndi rnwrdu, by rdj na-ekwu ihe ruia ha, nna ha ochie, ikwu n;r ibq (?gq ha dgz. kwuru iji kwirlitc okwu ha. N'udi a, anyi na-anu:

(ii) Ilu 11di sitere rlil rnghiinwc obibi ndu dika: . .

(iii) l lu rlrlj sitwe na niorni omenala ndj 929, d1ka

Nk,ira bu anu ndidi, n'ihi ya la c ji tpycrc ya Job, onyc: ndidi. Site n'igu ~&W@W

Site n'ihornki uso~u nth ndi c+lta 1 7 j h t lei! nit ov;?lirit: ka anyi jiri nwee ilu a.

(iv) llu udi sitcrc na Ntutuit1~;r

N1111uuha nkr: uf!xlu n ' in~c any! zara n'i~ha so 111cbc ilu Igbo. Aha n$ a nil-ada edgbo uda ma na-alykwa

Ec.Onyc gbda ka 0 dig jtu ilu mana 9 bufi: J 1 onyc (>b@a Losjri, jtu ilu. () by ydi ihe a mew George Omell ji1-i si ns Flll!iU1Flitllq niilc ha @a mana G n w m ndj ka ibc ha. N'illa lgbo ilu bu nkaokwu n@ okcnyct; (! bugk bk; nil (,mu ymuaka. N'ihi nke a kib c ji aty ilu ndi a n'cbe umuakii na . . ilu &:

Nkenuud j 111.1

Ilu Igbo kere yzn, abuq: (J) Jlu nkili ( i i ) . Aswilu

N'as~tiilu, t: wepu mmalitc ya (mtrix), cj gaghi akwl;~si ikc. 'Y a bu, e wepu:

Ilgbc: I ~ r c ugo b c ~ ~ , ILLL: S! i t x yi( cbc:l;~, I ~ U kwn;~ y ; ~ A nyukoc? . . nlan+j pnu g gbyq $ulu. , . Nwata @a m ebe q na-aga, 9gwa m ya ihe o ga-ckw LL. [Jta gbatwa elekent+?ba, ya rk (p? n~kpyripkt.i. Aka aja aja nil-eburt: !mu mm;rnv mmant!. Pdfiaia I ~ o ggy L: gboro cgbu, !, s j na qgu ana-alc$ia. Onyc ar:) linycrc ()kt! n'p14 y:), ~11j:r: sj na y;r igqryla, nil-+!.

(ii) ~ki ihpi lu/Nk?ni i l~

Ag$nagu ()d jmla lgbo 131

Nk~niilu fiaist dj iche n'udj ha n'ihi na Q bu ya ji aka ya chcyuta ha; ha i@bu& n ' a g ~ a g q &ula n 4 I'idestk. Ndj Igbo c n w e ~ . I& nkqniilu nkc Kraist. Ihe an* nwerc bu ukahyilu nkc dl adj n'agynag~ (?d&& anyj. Ya hq na !&qr@lu by ykabd-u nd! Igho.

h4a 9 d&wa nma ib 114 mmadp akimgba hi ha wcpuh nk(.miilu kpqmkwm (! huru na ha kwcnycsiri ikc na 9 dj. Mwcpula a ga-aburq arnynlarn! agurnag? Igbo ihc: qma na ngqzi. !Jlqdu ifw ndj dl ctu a babra n'utoasusu Igk, cbc yf(+d! ndj gkacharmara si na c nwc& MULXIU (mood) na Nmukwu (compound nouns) n'Igbo. Ma site n'ederncclc: nil nch~p~ j t a , ndj rnmadu egosi, n'ezic nil c ~lwcrc: kntigmi ytquusu nd! n n'lgbo. Uta gbatrrrrt clckcnt&?xr ga-eri qgy mkpunpkq!

(iii) Soromch ja

Otu nwokc; na-arnaghl akwukwq gm ehe mmady nwyr!,. blghc 1 1 4 n u u d u nwulahuru bekahra irkwa, o WULC nwokc: a. Ya agakwurt~ nwunye na nwokt: trhu nwurl! anwq elx 1~ I)!), suq Bekee a: Wkony, uny cbwjl;! n'ihi na ~ n w v ya dj m hapi (happy) n'obi". Ndj no cbc ahq akughirsj.a, onyc iluy elec ibc: ya anya; qf(jtli! clowc: ya aya i?j+!. blgbr: nwoke c;hc?puhra na ndi rnnlady nwcrc ihu n~ghar~! n'cbc: (1 110, jywa mil ya mcrc ihc

ya kwwu na gnvq nwoke ahy wutere ya. Mgbe a jw ya ihe by n'obi, ya asi: " I J m v e m, lpu egbula m n'ihi na ag-a&! m skul". . Ochi'iidaa. . Katikizi~t~ Nwokc Ngwa 2br.a:

Otu nwoke Ngwa gara ule kathzim maka iti nmiri Chukwu ebe M a bi. Pada wee juq ya: "Jesu Kristi, Q grl- abi- cy?" ya axaa: "00 oo o. Jesu, 0 rla-abia ox?, (1 bu onye mkpowhuq (nzum)? Nke o bjara ab@, p lafii~u (9 lam ah)?" Mgbe a jw ya ihe n bu n'obi, ya ajpo M a ma onyc garit njcm e gbuo ya, o xncchaa (hi , ndu, ga-agakwa ebe rih~! o q ? Oclli . . adaa.

Jisie ikc chqh Soromchi~ ndj qzo ughu a i mataralii ihc o bu. . . (iv) Agwugwa

Agwvgwa bu otu n'irne ymy irighirri agpnagu odinala rldi lgbo. Ndi. lgbo ji ya aqlite umuaka ha n'ilet-11 d i a aIr n'ebc ha bi ya na h~yc ha aky nii uchc. l la na-a$ n' yclj qjuju, akpko, okwu bra akpy na nk~wa. Ha &or

ii . Agwygwa Nlefcreanya/Mmcmm~~du . . . (personified ~iddles) m. Agwygwa Mpqiche (the add-one-out

riddles) iv. Agwygwa Mgbaghe, (Mystery ridrll~s) v. Agwpgwa Oke Uche (lugh sense riddles)

Agwugwn 1 Jdaolu:

A na-esite n'olu mooby ndebeolu e jiri jyq agwugwa a nye aaza ya. U$ a abrEghj udi, na-ilkpdite echiche. U$ ya bu: (a) Gwa m gwa m gwa m, gwa m tyn tyn gem gcnl

(Wza: Qsg @a& bu n'ugwu) (b) Idigiri n'akwu osa - ( 8 nwy& ! na-cchc onye?) (ch) Oo M . . (I r&eL ede ugbu a?) (d) Gwodogiri gworigwo .. (0 ji kirra aka ka nzc na-ah).

i ) 4 nlkpa ka a mata na a+ a na-enye n'ydi agwqpva a na-agbanwe site n'obodo ruo n'obodo n'oge yfiidp.

Agwugwa Nlefereanya:

Jhe a jwu maka ya na h e e nyere n'qsjsa ya enwogh! oyiri kabtu. N'ihi nke a ka e jiri kwuo na a na- elefxe anya n'qjuju ma ma ihe pzo. Q burq na a kporq agbyghp aha n7;j& ya aby nwaagbqgho, kama o nwerc ike b y y osisi q q b q akykyubi. Odjka ha bi:

(a) Gwa m gwa m gwa m, gwa m agboghq toro n'afu laa n'af!, - (qka)

(b) agadi ji ikperc jezuo ubi ((:s;!) (ch) nwoke no . n'ikpa, . turu mma (akpj)

id) onye mamihe kuuru mmiri lagoro n'elu (itk~! oyibo)

T+ii a na-adj n'udi abu. A na-ekwu qtutu ihe bu otu udi ma werc otu na-adighi . . n'otu a ti!wanye. Azjxi ys bu kii a hoputa nkc ah[! pyr\l ichc n'imc ndj ~ z q . ,

(a) OIee anv na-ek ci'c'l Na-efe ek Egbc; na-ef'e eic; Na-efc cfe IJgo na-ek e k Na-cli: cfc Nza na-ef'c efc Na-ci'c: efc llfu m-cfi: efc ( ........... )

(b) Olw akuwykw~ na-ete o f ? Na-ete o k Nlyukpa nit--ctc oli; Na-olc ok 1)ha na-ele ofe Na-elc ofe Olugbu na-elr: ofr; Na-ote ofe Ijikarr; na-ete ofe (. .......... )

(ch) Olcc anu na vkwu an(!'? Na ukwu an!) Olcc my na ukwu ilno'? Na qkw~j itnq. b:wu na vkwu an0 Na ukwt! an9 Mgbada na pkwu anq Na qkwu an0 Oke na ukwu an0 Na u k y ano ()k"kq ns "kw! an? ( ............ )

Mgbada na ajj N3 aji Nsh&o, na aji . . (...-..)

Agwugwu Mgbagharii . .

(i) A rraghj ctuk (ach(?L;rli) nz(?ukwt! ngwcrc n'ikpo ;iki.

(ii) A ru*, ctuk ukw~,~ ndimda n'ik nmlmu. (iii) A naghj cmtd . ukwu . rnmuo . . jhi F a ghuo

rnrnadu. (iv) A naghi, ehlte $w-y di na nwunye jiri lakpun

F a . I ga-achoputa na ha an0 metutachara '$y'.

Agwugwu Oke Uchc

Me a bu agwugwa dj n'udj akukc! ma bun! nke ihe a chorg na ya bu ichoputa osjsii di n'akuko ahu 4 n'udi . . ajuj;. . . () na-ache &gbo echiche. '

(a) Eghe yiri ;Ikwa n'elu oji. Mmadu at0 wcc grrlta choq ka ha nwillcc ikc ha n'ibbe ikwn a h y dj. Ha bq Ogbaegbe, okwanka, na ozuohi. Qgbaegbe gbawara akwa ahu nuna egbc kpu n'akwa m a @ . l'upu mmui akwa ahu a p p u n'da, !~kwanka ,&wachicla ya. Mgbe nke a gachara, onye ohi agaa mru akwa ah9 rrmna cgbe anlataghi. Aj!,ju" N'uche gi, alee onye . on1 . nke ya tara akpu kafia?

c NU ~ h c 11 nlru ~!wa om! Onwa A g t y g I ~ ~ ah[! na-a&r n'isi Udar;~ ( 5i (!lo itwii itlit (i)I(li:yi (kk I I I ~ I I ~ ~ )

(ii) Idiilc: ( . )di . uru rrdiglii . . . okpukpu . . (i) J i

(ii) lijulc libu y z ~ , ekpc: azu Nkita Ihc na-acha zaa n'obi (~&ll'iJllj'il ~!lara ji ill+ nwati\ na-agha ya illlyi~lln~fi ~ l I ~ \ ~ r l l / ~ ~ ~ ~ ba I)gwt! onyc (hula ga-iikwu~:itj Onwu Onq ma n h abara mha un! mba hc: dux uri ma onwcghi anya L s d h i r i . .

( )kwuntuhj m?c)bu Okwumgbaway! hu okwu nwcrc otu vtl! niyqbu I& c wck9lar.a rplv n'ahj~johwu ~ l h c ndq)ypuric ya na-ara ahu n'cpy. l i ji y.lj okwu ii ak t t~ j rr~kp!qqtir ol,\vu (pronunciation). Ila na-cmc ka ymuaka n ~ a h okwu 114 yiri ibc ha n'ydaokwu Igbo.

N'$p(~pula okwunt*, a chq*, ka a Luluo ogc, kana LI na-ckwu I l a n'(?kl! n'c!ku ugboro ugboro Iji gosi na onyc ahu rnai~ra ha

Ndi a bu ul,dy n'okwunt*,: 1 Nwa mgbada gbadara mgbadn ukyo. 2 Myi mkpi prrru, yuru nlyi n'isi &pi. 3 1 . . Ikoch~~kwu Ijkachukwii kwu~u okwuchukwu n'

u1(? chukwu dj n'lJmuchultwu. 4 Nwaanyj na-er.~ an? clc, i na-erc: y u cle ere, ka i

na-e~i qru cle eri?

Mrnyc aka n'irkpir akakpc? Ka i wcta ihc di, n'akpa akakpo Ka i nve akrrkp!) ka o rie.

Zwunzc na Emma zuru Ezcmcrc n'czi lizc . Nwaanyj nq n'ukwu mgamgbe Gbaghara baa mgbamgbe tngba.

Nnc IJche na-eche uche N;r 1 Jchc enweghi uche ,

Onyc Okwcle bi n'likwc si ndi Ekwc ckwekwali~ ihe ndj Eltwe bi n'Okwele kwui-u.

19 . h y i nit-art! agwa, n i w i ngwa Na-arunyc agwa aja n'ukwu.

20 Anaclc na-clc clc Ele ma-& Atuclc.

m a g u . . odinah . nkc bidoro mgbc gboo kwusie ma gumsie ike, ID-ezute ids mba na qnwuike n ' og~ ugbb a nkr edemcde na-agbasa n'ike n'ike. Aka mgba chm ya n'ihu abudu nke nta. Mwalitt: na ntoppta obodo n

enycla aka na-agbagbu agtpagy odj& n'ihi na e nwekwa@ onye nwere ohere maka ihe n+ aspnagu ~ ~ d a jiri kwpy .

N'onMq di etu a, (lee ihe by owihu a p a g y o w r ndi Igb? Anfi aga-any na-ele n'anya ka Q ~ Q ndj ntunnn n;i ha n- an* n ' h &fuo? ciini, bq qrq an*

. ~ ' e t K : nchis;yla na nchekwa agymgy .9&.& anyi d.(l Oko, 9 n a 4 ihe onye my anya? A hapu ihe e ji ama mma, oo kwa m a w? Mba nu. Onyc ?b@ n'ime anyi ga-m& ike ya n'ime ka a- &xi la anfl'ghara maka ihe e ji agba na nti e jghi ya agba n'anya. N'ihi nke a ka yml;camaala anyj $@d? jiri gbaa ma na-agba mbp . ichikqlala . na idlckwawa agpnagy 0 4 d a n$ ha nwcrc ike.

N4 a bp akw#w? Modu an^ nwere ike ikpokolata na mbq anyi n'ihc nchoputa a kbc prymaitla anyi dcre edemcde na'ngalaba ag,&&tgy dj ichc ichc i i mcc ka ha ghara i n y :

Anya Iwc ,(1976) Ahdo , . @ Uf& Kwes!ri Ku U m y Mmadq Mura.

. Univmity Publhhing Company.

Egudu, R & Nwqga, I) (1971) Poetic Heritage: lgbo Il'raclitional Verse,

Nwankwo-ll'ejika & Co l'ubljghem Lid.

Ememnjq, I E N (MI) (1977) Omalinze (Akuko . . Ifo) Oxford University Press

Emcnanjo, E N (1989) Atun~atu Agq tnas .nu Atzcttiatu Okwu. Longman

Green, M M 24 (hwgmaegbu (1962) Ak!& lfi Nhz Ndi Igbo. Oxford Uniwity Press

Lqganachi, J (1 973) 0ka.Mgba-(akpky ifo) Longman.

Iwuagwu, D N (1060) Ilu nu ezi-+ Igbo,

Mechit, S K. (1 990)_11u Qhyfia.Elka Rooks

Nwadike, I U (1993) £?ke nu Epurugwu (akuko Ifb) f lcimenimn.

%biilu, 1; C (1961) Ilu Igbo-UPC

()gb;rlt~, F C (1973 Nzu nu Obcr..(akykp Xo) Nclson

Roman Catholic Mission, (1953) Igbo I'rirner II,PaUon.

I,Jz~chtlkwy S (1 985) Mbem Akwamozu.UYC Uzqchukwu, S (1992) Abv Akwunzozu-Pacific Ibblishcrs.

N$ bc any!, OF dii1.i anfi n'ikpokplata abmiigU pdinaJa an* lo 9 &aria jnwq. 0 b y q na nclj cgede ;a n& okpy obodo anyj mcre ka okq mala and na-enwu mgbc ha + ndu, &u gii-egochi an* imc ka oku ahu na-enwu n'uge ugbu a? Olce ihe anyi ga-enyefe w y na pnu yn" an* n'aka djka ndi okmye ha anyi mcre? 0 i la -abwnlu r r n g nwa, nwi, n@ta ibc ya. Onyc hapy ihk e jiri rniu-a yi nkc ya &go dika ndi. Ns@a si eliwu ya.

&ymaku any& ommala anfi na pdibcndi anyi. ga- adin,! o : Onye 'hapukwala ihe anyi j i ama'mrn; ka ?ma anyi glwa Onyc kwc, chi ya ck&

Awoonor, A (1975) The Breast oj' the fhrth, Nok Publishers

Azuonyc, K (196Y)"lhe Ro~nantic Epic of thc An,mbra Igbo: An Introductory Survey" {Jwa Ndi lgho No 1, Junc, 1984.

Ramgbosc, A (1969) "Yoruba FoUctalcss", O h : A Journirl of West African Smdies.

Hasden, Ci. 1'. .(l

rkunagy qdjnala Igbo 145

Enekwe, 0 0 (1987) igbo Masks: Z'he Oneness of Ritual und Theatre., Nigeria Magazine ~ u ~ i c a t i o n .

Finnegan, R (1970) Oral Literuhtre in Afiicu.,.-Oflord University Press.

EZigliet,

( h . l c , C N (1987) "Womcn in Ibo Satirical Songs", 2nd Ann~llrl Seminar on Igbo Life i d Cullrue".

Clkebalanla, C N (1987) "Iiunling Among lhe Ilbakala lgbo: Somc Ethnological Insights". I>&L ol. I inguistics, I N N . Seminar Seies.

Onuohrr, 0 (1 988) "Achieving Rhetorical And l'raditional k:duc;ation in thr: Mother-'l'onguc l'hroogh l'onguc 'I'wislew: 'I'he Igbo lixample" A~muirl National Scmirw of SE'II ,C.

O ~ i k 4 1. N el a1 (1985) Igbo Seki,nd!ri Ukwu Akwukwq Nk4! Ise. i'ourlh I%nmnioin Publishers.

'Iziwo, 0 (1967) An Inrrmclion to West Afi'ican Literofure. Nehon

Udechukwu, O (1984) ''Fwthw Noles on the Epics 01' Amekc Okoye and Qw~mena Ndjive", 1 Jwn Ndi Igbu, No 1, Junc 1984.

IJgonna, N (1981) "I'rcservation and Ucvdopment of 'I'raditiunal Oral Poetry: 'I'he Igbo Bxarnple", Owl Poetry in Nigeriilt N~geriir Mugi.-&ine'Publica lion.

IJgunna, N (1982) "The Ch-owth of'lgbo l'oetry", I G H O : A Journal ,01' Sl'II ,C:. No 1 Mi~ch , 198%.

Uzochukwu, S (1992) A6y Aknwnozu. I'aiific I'ublisheru. 0 .