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MODULE 2 : Part 1INTRODUCTION TO HARDWARE & SOFTWARE
Module Objectives
At the end of the module, students should be able to:
– identify the terms and concept related to computer
hardware and software
– identify the five basic unit of a computer
– identify the two types of computer software
– explain the differences between application software and
system software
Hardware Vs. Software ???
• Hardware - the physical parts or components of a computer that we can actually touch, like disks, disk drives, monitor, keyboards, printers, boards, and chips.
• Software - untouchable. Software exists as ideas, concepts, and symbols, but it has no substance.
http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/H/hardware.html
Hardware Vs. Software ???
• Books provide a useful analogy. • The pages and the ink are the hardware,
while the words, sentences, paragraphs, and the overall meaning are the software.
• A computer without software is like a book full of blank pages – you need software to make the computer useful
just as you need words to make a book meaningful
http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/H/hardware.html
Basic Unit of a Computer
Basic Unit of a Computer
1. Input Unit• consist of hardware used to enter data and
instructions• “Receiving” section of computer• Obtains data from input devices– Usually a keyboard, mouse, disk or scanner
• Places data at disposal of other units
Basic Unit of a Computer
2. System Unit• Case containing electronic components used to
process data
Basic Unit of a Computer
• There are 2 main components on a motherboard:
System Unit
• Central Processing Unit (CPU)
also called a processor electronic component that
interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate the computer
• MEMORY (RAM) electronic component that
store instructions waiting to be executed and data needed by those instructions
Retains info that has already been processed until can be sent to output unit
Often called memory, primary memory, or random access memory (RAM)
Basic Unit of A Computer
3. Output Unit• Hardware that conveys information to one or more
user• “Shipping” section of computer• Puts processed data/info on various output devices – Monitor (screens), printers, projector, speakers• Makes info available outside the computer
Basic Unit of a Computer
• Storage Media - physical material on
which a computer keeps data, instructions & information
• Storage Device - computer hardware that
records an/or retrieves items to and from storage media.
4. Storage Unit• Holds data, instructions, and information for future
use.
Storage Unit
• Storage DeviceCard readerCD-ROM Drive/
DVD-ROM Drivehard diskExternal/removable
hard diskUSB flash drive
• Storage Mediamemory cardOptical Disc
(CD-ROM/DVD-ROM )hard diskUSB flash driveSmart cardCloud storage
Basic Unit of a Computer
5. Communication Unit• hardware component that enables a computer
to send (transmit) and receive data, instructions, and information to and from one or more computers.
• E.g.: modem
(digital modem-cable, isdn, wireless modem, wireless access points)
Basic Computer Hardware
http://www.canr.msu.edu/vanburen/techindx.htm
Inside the computer…
• Series of instructions or programs that process data • Two types :
– System software• Used mainly by the computer
– Application software• Used only by the user
• The purpose of software is to cause a task, process, or computation to be performed.
• A task can include the retrieval, storage, or display of information.
• A computer system requires software to make the best use of its capabilities and to solve problems
What is Software?
• Enables application software to interact with computer hardware
• A “Background” software manage internal computer resources and coordinate the application software requests with computer hardware without user interaction
• Operating system software• Most important system software• Executes application software• Stores data and programs• manages all the overall operation of the computer system• I.e. Eg. Window XP, Windows 7, Linux, UNIX, Sun
Solaris, Mac OS X Mavericks
What is System Software?
• Windows platform (XP, Vista, 7, 8) is currently the dominating OS for the personal computer.
• By Microsoft.
Popular Operating SystemWindows OS
Popular Operating SystemMac OS
• The main operating system for the Apple Macintosh.
• The most advanced version is Mac OS X Mavericks.
• Previous version includes Mac OS X Lion and 9.0.
Popular Operating SystemLinux OS
• Open Source operating system
• Many distributions/versions
• Red Hat 9.0, Mandrake, SuSE, Lindows, Knoppix and many others
• General-purpose programs
– Some types: Browsers, Spreadsheet,
Database management systems,
presentation graphics, word processor
– i.e Internet Explorer, Microsoft Word,
PowerPoint
• Special-purpose programs
– Custom written for specialized tasks– written for an organization’s or business
type’s specific purpose – i.e. Online Registration System
•End-user software enter commands and typically interact with
application programs.
What is Application Software?
Word processor Spreadsheets Databases
Communications Others - GroupwarePresentation
Application Software