UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA

TEMPERATURE MONITORING SYSTEM FOR BABY USING

WEB-BASED

This report is submitted in accordance with the requirement of the Universiti

Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) for the Bachelor of Computer Engineering

Technology (Computer Systems) with Honours

by

NUR FAZLIN ATIQAH BINTI RAMLI

B071310285

910627-14-5792

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY 2016

UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA

BORANG PENGESAHAN STATUS LAPORAN PROJEK SARJANA MUDA

TAJUK: Temperature Monitoring System For Baby Using Web-Based

SESI PENGAJIAN: 2016/17 Semester 1

Saya NUR FAZLIN ATIQAH BINTI RAMLI

mengaku membenarkan Laporan PSM ini disimpan di Perpustakaan Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) dengan syarat-syarat kegunaan seperti berikut:

1. Laporan PSM adalah hak milik Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka dan penulis. 2. Perpustakaan Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka dibenarkan membuat salinan untuk

tujuan pengajian sahaja dengan izin penulis. 3. Perpustakaan dibenarkan membuat salinan laporan PSM ini sebagai bahan pertukaran

antara institusi pengajian tinggi. 4. **Sila tandakan ( )

SULIT

TERHAD

TIDAK TERHAD

(Mengandungi maklumat yang berdarjah keselamatan atau kepentingan Malaysia sebagaimana yang termaktub dalam AKTA RAHSIA RASMI 1972)

(Mengandungi maklumat TERHAD yang telah ditentukan oleh organisasi/badan di mana penyelidikan dijalankan)

(TANDATANGAN PENULIS)

Alamat Tetap:

No.51, Jalan Jururawat U1/80, Taman Glenmarie,

40150, Shah Alam, Selangor.

Tarikh: ________________________

Disahkan oleh:

(TANDATANGAN PENYELIA)

Cop Rasmi:

Tarikh: ________________________

Tarikh: _______________________

** Jika Laporan PSM ini SULIT atau TERHAD, sila lampirkan surat daripada pihak berkuasa/organisasi

berkenaan dengan menyatakan sekali sebab dan tempoh laporan PSM ini perlu dikelaskan sebagai

SULIT atau TERHAD.

3

DECLARATION

I hereby, declared this report entitled “Temperature Monitoring System For Baby Using Web-Based” is the results of my own research except as cited in references.

Signature :

Name :

Date :

4

APPROVAL

This report is submitted to the Faculty of Engineering Technology of UTeM as a partial

fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of Computer Engineering Technology

(Computer Systems) with Honours. The member of the supervisory is as follow:

……………………………….

(ZULHASNIZAM BIN HASAN)

II

ABSTRAK

Projek ini bertujuan untuk memantau suhu badan bayi secara berterusan dan

meningkatkan keupayaan peranti yang digunakan adalah mudah dan juga berkesan untuk

bayi juga ibu bapa itu sendiri. Projek ini juga membantu pengguna untuk mengawal

kesihatan bayi dan dapat mengesan gejala awal yang boleh menjadi gangguan kepada

bayi apabila mereka sakit Sistem Pemantauan Suhu Bayi Menerusi Laman Sesawang

adalah peralatan peranti yang menggunakan sensor suhu yang disambungkan dengan

rangkaian internet yang membolehkan data dari sensor untuk disimpan di dalam sistem

pangkalan data. Sistem pangkalan data ini digunakan untuk menyimpan semua koleksi

data dari sensor untuk membolehkan pengguna untuk memantau suhu bayi pada laman

sesawang. Selain itu, terdapat sebuah aplikasi yang digunakan sebagai sistem isyarat

mesej pemberitahuan yang membolehkan pengguna untuk mendapatkan notifikasi

apabila suhu bayi berubah-ubah dalam beberapa keadaan. Melalui sistem projek ini,

mana-mana pengguna boleh memantau suhu daripada pelbagai jenis badan dimana ianya

dikesan secara automatik dan berterusan dengan peranti ringkas dan mudah.

III

ABSTRACT

This project aims to monitor baby‘s body temperature continuously and enhance the

ability that the device use is convenience hence effective for the baby also the parents

itself. This project will also help the user to control baby‘s health and could figure out

early any symptoms that could be bothersome for baby when they are sick. Temperature

Monitoring Sytem Used For Baby Using Web-Based is a device equipment that use

temperature sensor with the connection of an internet that allow the data from the sensor

to be store in database system. The database system is use to store all the data capture

from the sensor to enable the user to monitor baby‘s temperature on a website. Moreover,

there are an application used as a notification alert message system that enable the user

to get notify when the temperature of the baby changing in some condition. Through this

project system, any user could monitor the temperature of any kind of body detected

automatically and continously with a simple yet convenience device.

IV

DEDICATIONS

This report is dedicate to my beloved parents, family and friends for their endless love, support and encouragement.

V

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

First of all I feel blessed and grateful to Allah for giving me a great and blessing life.

Greatest wish to myself for completing this report successfully. Secondly, I would like to

express my appreciation to my beloved parents and family for their love and support

throughout the entire of my life. Thank you for giving me strength to achieve my dreams

and always be there when I need. Sincerely thanks to my supervisor Mr. Zulhasnizam

Bin Hasan for guiding me and gives full support throughout this project, and thanks for

believing my effort and put your trust in me. Big thanks for your time and knowledge

that I barely could not repay. I believe I learned from the best.

To all my friends, thank you for your understanding and encouragement. Without all

of you in my life I probably could not dream high and achieving something great. This

friendship makes my life a wonderful experience. To Asyraaf Aizzad thanks for helping

me and sorry for taking your precious time for you to finish your project. To my beloved

loves, Mumtazahiqa, ‗Aina Najwa and Nurul Fatihah thanks for your support and share

my burden all the way up to finish my project. You guys are worth to be with and very

helpful all the times. For others who I cannot list all the names here, all of you are

always in my mind. Hence, those who always there through ups and down while writing

this report, I would like to thanks and cherish all of you on the support, ideas, and helps

for me to complete this report successfully. Thank you.

VI

TABLE OF CONTENT

ABSTRACT II

ABSTRAK III

DEDICATIONS IV

ACKNOWLDGEMENTS V

TABLE OF CONTENT VI

LIST OF TABLES IX

LIST OF FIGURES X

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1

1.0 Background 1

1.1 Problem Statement 2

1.2 Objectives 3

1.3 Scope of project 3

1.4 Significant of project 4

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 5

2.0 Body Temperature 5

2.0.1 Range of body temperature that can cause fever 6

2.0.2 Symptoms that can cause fever 6

2.0.2.1 The diseases cause by fever 7

2.0.2.2 Diagnosis and Treatments for Fever 11

2.1 Measuring Body Temperature 11

2.2 Monitoring and Alerting 12

2.3 Previous Research 13

2.3.1 Monitoring System Invention 13

2.4 Hardware Parts 16

2.4.1 Arduino 16

2.4.1.1 Arduino UNO 18

VII

2.4.2 Arduino Shields 19

2.4.2.1 Arduino WiFi Shield 19

2.4.3 Lilypad Sensor 20

2.4.3.1 Lilypad Temperature Sensor 21

2.4.3.2 Lilypad Arduino Simple Board 22

2.4.4 Buzzer 22

2.5 Software Parts 23

2.5.1 Hypertext Programming (PHP) 23

2.5.2 MariaDB and MySQL 23

2.5.3 Pushover Application 24

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY 25

3.0 Project Requirement 25

3.1 Block Diagram of Project 29

CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 31

4.0 Introduction 31

4.1 Hardware Simulation 31

4.2 Software Simulation 33

4.2.1 Arduino IDE 33

4.2.2 PhpMyAdmin Database 35

4.3 GUI Interfaces 40

4.3.1 Website 40

4.3.2 Pushover Application 41

4.4 Result Analysis 42

4.5 Discussion 44

4.6 Project Limitation 44

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION & FUTURE WORK 46

5.0 Introduction 46

5.1 Conclusion 46

VIII

5.2 Future Work 47

REFERENCES 48

APPENDIX 51

X

LIST OF TABLES

Table 2.1.1: Normal temperature range by age 12

Table 2.4.1: Specifications of Arduino main boards (Phillies et al. 2013) 17

Table 2.4.2: Specifications of Arduino WiFi Shield and Arduino Ethernet Shield 19

X

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2.0.2.1.1: Statistic shows in 2004, the diseases infected in children that causes

death (Unicef/Who 2006) 7

Figure 2.0.2.1.2: Adapted from World health statistics 2014 8

Figure 2.0.2.1.3: Pneumonia is an infection or irritation of the lungs. (Amita Shroff,

2014) 9

Figure 2.0.2.1.4: Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges, the membranes that

surround the brain within the skull and the spinal cord within the spinal canal.

(Christodoulides, 2013) 9

Figure 2.0.2.1.5: Measles is a highly contagious disease caused by a virus which is tiny

organism that can only produce itself by residing within living cell. (Rosaler, 2005) 9

Figure 2.1: Parts of body temperature reading could be obtain (Denton 2015) 11

Figure 2.4.1.1: Arduino UNO (Phillies et al. 2013) 18

Figure 2.4.2.1: Arduino WiFi Shield (Oxer & Blemings 2010) 20

Figure 2.4.3: Lilypad Temperature Sensor (Buechley et al. 2008) 21

Figure 2.4.3.2: Arduino Lilypad Simple Board (Buechley et al. 2008) 22

Figure 2.4.4: Buzzer 22

Figure 2.5.3: Pushover Applications 24

Figure 3.0.1: Flow chart of the project flow for Arduino part 26

Figure 3.0.2: Flowchart of the project flow for Web-Based part 27

Figure 3.1: Block Diagram of Baby Temperature Monitoring System 29

Figure 4.1.1: Initial circuit to be implement 31

Figure 4.1.2: The sewable component connected to the circuit board 32

Figure 4.1.3: The prototype of Temperature Monitoring System for Baby using

Web-Based 33

Figure 4.2.1.1: Arduino IDE console 33

Figure 4.2.1.2: Serial monitor display 34

Figure 4.3.1: Create table in database 35

Figure 4.3.2: The data value from the sensor 36

Figure 4.3.3: PHP files 36

Figure 4.3.4: PHP text file for current time 37

Figure 4.3.5: PHP file for temperature variation 38

Figure 4.3.6: Notification send to pushover application 39

Figure 4.4.1: fazlin.ftk.li website 40

Figure 4.4.2: Pushover application layout 41

Figure 4.5.1: Device prototype tested on baby 42

Figure 4.5.2: Device prototype tested on infant 42

Figure 4.5.3: Ambience temperature without contact with skin 43

Figure 4.5.4: Baby temperature capture in 1 hour 43

1

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

The first chapter introduces brief idea of the project. It focused on the overview of

the project, detailing the objectives, the problem statement, scope and significant of the

project

1.0 Background

In community nowadays, many equipment were invented to check body

temperatures. These equipment used as the precaution step to show when ones having a

fever. However, the purpose of developing the Temperature Monitoring System using

Web-Based is to monitor the baby temperature time to time automatically and the

reading of the temperature obtain will be send and store in the database system. When

the temperature monitoring system is in use it will detect the temperature of a baby‘s

skin surface by using an indicator attach to the baby. This invention allows the caregiver

also a parents to get the temperature reading of the baby in any particular time without

any present and able to monitor through their system. Furthermore, it is to prevent the

inconvenience of the baby when they have a fever and need a regularly checkup.

As stated in Fever and Antipyretic Use in Children, fever is a physiological

mechanism that has beneficial effects in fighting infection. Fever in a child is one of the

most common clinical symptoms managed by pediatricians and other health care

providers and a frequent cause of parental concern. Parents are frequently concerned

with the need to maintain a normal temperature in their ill child.(Care 2011)

Moreover, measuring temperature in ill infants and children is a vital assessment

parameter. In general, to determine the presence or absence of fever the measurement of

2

body temperature is used. However, many factors could determine a fever. For example

such as age, activity level, and time of day, disease or illness, ambient temperature, and

clothing can influence body temperature. (Statement 2006)

1.1 Problem Statement

An invented materials with the technology nowadays to check the temperature are

very useful but in some ways it could be a dangerous tools to be used especially for a

baby. On top of that, it is very uncomfortable to check a baby‘s temperature when they

are sick. In some prospect even when the tools has been invented with technology it was

not effective somehow. In the terms of time consuming, most of the time parents or

caregiver need to be alert and have to check the baby‘s temperature frequently.

Sometimes, they are not alert with the baby‘s condition and it could be dangerous for a

baby if the termperature exceed the normal range. So, it is very not encouraging and not

very practical.

Previously, the temperature reading taken will then recorded in the file or in some

documents. Somehow, the data retrieve for every checkup that has been done on a baby

manually might be lose if not being store in database carefully. Through the web based

system, the data will automatically store and keep for further references. In addition, we

can highlight that when the baby make a move such as in the baby cot, the temperature

obtain may be conflict with the environment temperature. The condition of the

surrounding also will influence the results. So, with some considerations of the effects

that could lead to the functionality of the creation of the product, some research will be

conduct.

3

1.2 Objectives

The objectives of this project are:

1. To monitor the temperature reading automatically through the system.

2. To develop a web-based system database that could store the data.

3. To analyze the baby temperature reading with a convenience contact

equipment.

1.3 Scope of project

The scope of the project to ensure that the temperature monitoring system main

sensor able to detect the temperature at the skin surface of the baby. Moreover, an alarm

will be provide to notify and also will alert the parents or doctor if the temperature

exceed to the high temperature value. Meanwhile, the database will be create using a

web server where it can store data that connect with the indicator. Besides that, the

database system will provide an update to show a prediction of diseases that might be

occur because of high body temperature.

The component use for the indicator is Lilypad Temperature Sensor. The LilyPad

Temperature Sensor able to detect the temperature of the environment, or whatever is

pressed up against the sensor. This kind of sensor offer several advantages over other

temperature measurement methods which it can detect physical touch based on body

heat and ambient environment conditions. As for that, according to the WEBMD website

page, for the normal baby temperature, the range is between 36.1°C to 38.9°C. so, the

program code will be set to some particular range that could read the desire temperature

range to determine fever in baby.

Other than that, the monitor at the indicator is display using the LED display

monitor. Moreover, the database will be create using a MariaDB web server where it

provide a system that can collect data and also store it in the system. Throughout the

system create, parents or caregiver able to monitor the temperature of the baby and it is

4

effective to saves time. The whole program for the indicator is using Arduino software

and web system.

1.4 Significant of Project

Temperature Monitor System for Baby using Web-Based is expected to provide an

efficient solution in the future as a precaution step for baby‘s health. Despite on many

devices invented in years back, this project is conducting more on researching the best

method that can be use also can be implement anywhere at any place also anytime.

5

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

In order to make this project successful, some studies and researching has been done.

The information and studies for this project was collected from many sources such as

books, articles, journals and internet. All this information was used in this project as a

guide to make sure this project can be done in the time given. All the studies and

information collected was based on major component and topic that related to this project.

2.0 Body Temperature

To check a body temperature, there are several method can be used. Depending on the

age which can be considered at which part of the body are the suitable parts to obtain

accurate temperature reading.

Standard body temperature changes for the span of the day and is controlled by one

of a kind parts of the brain, hypothalamus. Consequently it will be distinctive relying upon

the season of day. In addition, beyond the newborn period, infants and young kids in

general to have a higher body temperatures than older children and adults. This is a direct

result of their higher metabolic rates and surface zone to body weight proportion.

Therefore, it could be considered normal for a baby to have a high temperature during the

day of 37.6 C without it being considered a fever.

6

2.0.1 Range of body temperature that can cause fever

A fever can be defined or known as a high fever or a high temperature. A fever is not

an illness by itself and it is usually a symptom of an underlying condition which most

often causes an infection. Associated with physical discomfort most people will feel better

when it is treated but a fever is depending on age, condition of physical, and the

underlying cause your fever. In some cases when you caught with a fever it is possible also

impossible of not having a medical treatment for the fever alone. Expertise in medical

believes that a fever is a natural bodily defense against infection and there are also many

non-infectious causes of fever.

Generally a fever can be considered as non-dangerous disease. Rather than fever,

hyperthermia can cause dangerous to body temperature and this can be due to an extreme

temperature associated with heat injury, for example heat stroke, side effects of certain

medications or illicit drugs, and stroke. Body can no longer able to control body

temperature if it is hyperthermia.

2.0.2 Symptoms that can cause fever

As been stated by the Pediatrics from American Academy, it could be a potential of

life-threatening infection for an infant younger than 4 months old with a rectal

temperature of 38 C or above. (Amita Shroff, 2014)

7

2.0.2.1 The diseases causes by fever

As stated in World Health Organization, 2014 there are statistic shows the causes of

child death under 5 years around the world. Among the diseases infected by the children is

causes by a high temperature in their body, that can be determined as high fever. Below is

the statistic reffered in a few years back regarding the child uder 5 years death causes by

one of the biggest symptoms which is high body temperature. The statistics are:

Figure 2.0.2.1.1: Statistic shows in 2004, the diseases infected in children that causes death (Unicef/Who 2006)

8

Figure 2.0.2.1.2: Adapted from World health statistics 2014.

The statistic above shows the diseases causes the child death under 5 years for year

2004 and 2011. Some of the diseases highlighted in the Figure 1 and Figure 2 determined

the highest percentage of child death which causes by high temperature. The number of

death in these two consecutive years increase somehow and it shows some concern

worldwide. Some of diseases cause by fever highlighted in the statistic defined as:

9

Figure 2.0.2.1.3: Pneumonia is an infection or irritation of the lungs. (Amita Shroff, 2014)

Figure 2.0.2.1.4: Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges, the membranes that surround the brain within

the skull and the spinal cord within the spinal canal. (Christodoulides, 2013)

Figure 2.0.2.1.5: Measles is a highly contagious disease caused by a virus which is tiny organism that can only

produce itself by residing within living cell. (Rosaler, 2005)

10

There is a part that controls body temperature in our brain called as hypothalamus.

This part of the brain controls the temperature which usually varies throughout the day

and the normal temperature is 37 C. In some other causes, the hypothalamus may reset the

body to a higher temperature. Other than a common infection such as colds and

gastroenteritis, other causes include:

i. Infections of the ear, lung, skin, throat, bladder, or kidney.

ii. Conditions that cause inflammation.

iii. Side effects of drugs.

iv. Cancer.

v. Vaccines.

vi. Blood clots.

vii. Autoimmune diseases such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory

bowel disease.

viii. Hormone disorders such as hyperthyroidism.

ix. Illegal drugs such as amphetamines and cocaine.

11

2.0.2.2 Diagnosis and treatments for fever

A fever seems like very easy to be measured however the causes can be a problem.

For a treatment, it may vary depending on the causes of the fever such as, an antibiotics

could be used for a bacterial infection like a strep throat. It is include over-the-counter

drugs such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such

ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) and naproxen (Aleve) which are the most common treatments

for fever. (Amita Shroff, 2014)

2.1 Measuring body temperature

Most accurate methods in measuring body temperatures are internal to the body or

in body cavity. There are few parts of the body can be measure.(Denton 2015)

Figure 2.1.1: Parts of body temperature reading could be obtain (Denton 2015)

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