UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

PETROGRAPHIC AND CHEMICAL DATA ON MESOZOIC GRANITIC ROCKS OF THE

EAGLE QUADRANC;LE, AWlSKA

BY

Helen L. Foster, Mary M. Donato, and M. Elizabeth Yount

Open-file Report 78-253

1978

Tbis report is preliminary and has not been e d i t e d or reviewed for conformity w i t h Geological Survey standards and nomenclature

Introduct ion

The Eagle quadrangle (index map, bottom of p l a t e l), located i n

the nor theas te rn p a r t of the Yukon-Tanana Upland of eas t -cen t ra l Alaska,

is underlain by a complex assemblage of igneous and metamorphic rocks

(Foster, 1976). The igneous rocks inc lude an abundance of Mesozoic

g r a n i t i c p lu ton ic rocks which in t rude a greenschis t t o amphibolite

f a c i e s rerrane cons is t ing of q u a r t z i t e , s c h i s t , gneiss , and marble of

uncer ta in (Paleozoic?) age. The plutons a r e general ly homogeneous and

l ack i n t e r n a l d i r e c t i o n a l f ab r i c . Their compositions range from pyrox-

s n i t e and hornblendi te t o g ran i t e , bu t rocks more mafic than quar tz

d i o r i t e a r e excluded from t h i s r epo r t as a r e dike rocks.

L i t t l e published da ta a r e ava i l ab l e f o r comparing these g r a n i t i c

rocks w i t h chose elsewhere, p a r t i c u l a r l y i n o ther p a r t s of Alaska and

i n Canada. Resul ts of petrographic and chemical analyses a r e presented

i n t h i s r epo r t t o provide a da ta base f o r charac te r iz ing the Mesozoic

g r a n i t i c plutons and f o r making regional comparison.

Fie ld da t a were co l l ec t ed during the course of reconnaissance geo-

l o g i c mapping of the Eagle quadrangle from 1963 t o 1971 (Foster , 1976).

Assistance on t h i s p r o j e c t was given i n t h e f i e l d by T. E. C. Keith

(1964, 1966, 1970), Jo Laird (1969-1970), F. R. Websr (1969-1971),

S. 8. B. Clarlc (1968) aud Diana Grunig (1971). Laboratory as s i s t ance ,

including poin t counts for modal analyses and d ra f t i ng , was given by

P h i l l i p Frame, A. M. Cantelow, and S. T. Luthy.

Method of da ta presenta t ion

The da ta presented here include 61 modal analyses obtained by

po in t counts on s ta ined s l a b s ( t a b l e l ) , 39 whole rock chemical analyses

( t a b l e 2) , and 289 semiquant i ta t ive spectrographic analyses ( t a b l e 3).

Available radiometr ic age determinations a r e included i n t a b l e 1. Conr

parisons of major element chemistry a r e shown i n ternary p l o t s (figs. 1-4).

To a i d the reader i n l oca t ing the samples described i n t h i s r epo r t ,

the g r a n i t i c rocks a r e assigned t o 1 4 plutons; pluton number 3 is sub-

divided i n t o 8 pa r t s , A-H ( t ab l e s 1, 3; p l a t e s 1,2). The subdivisions

a r e not based on petrographic o r chemical c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s bu t a r e e n t i r e l y

a r b i t r a r y . Because the genet ic r e l a t i onsh ips of the g r a n i t i c rocks a r e

not y e t s tud ied and the plutons a r e not mapped i n . d e t a i 1 , some plutons

which, f o r present ing data , a r e here considered aa separa te masses; also,

some plutons represented as a s i n g l e body may, i n fact, be composite.

The nomenclature and c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s of the g r a n i t i c rocks ( t a b l e 1)

follows that of the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Igneous

Rocks (S treckeisen, 1973).

Chemical da ta

All b u t four of the whole rock major element chemical analyses were

made by the rapid rock method described by Shapiro (1967) and by the

rap id rock method supplemented by atomic absorpt ion (Shapiro and Brannock,

1967). Standard rock analyses (Peck, 1964) were performed on the remain-

der. The rock analyzed is the f r e s h e s t available t h a t is considered

c h a r a c t e r i s t i c of the major plutons.

The U.S. Geological Survey computer program, "General Rock Norms-

Mod 2" (C-128), was used t o ca l cu la t e CIFW nonns ( t a b l e 2) and to pro-

duce the t e rnary diagrams ( f igs . 1-4). The ca lcu la t ions a r e explained

i n the program descr ip t ion (Fitzgibbon, 1969).

Samples analyzed f o r semiquant i ta t ive spectrographic analyses were

co l lec ted as p a r t .of a geochemical sampling program f o r the Eagle quad-

rangle, and most of the g r a n i t i c rock specimens are s i n g l e grab samples

co l lec ted f o r background information. However, a few were col lec ted

because of v i s i b l e s u l f i d e s o r a l t e r a t i o n .

Samples are identified by their f i e l d numbers, b u t on t a b l e 3, a

computer pr in tout , i t has been necessary t;.abbreviate f i e l d numbers by

giving only the l a s t d i g i t of the year of co l l ec t ion and omit t ing "A",

which ind ica t e s that these samples were co l lec ted i n Alaska. Where "8"

o r "9" is the f i r s t number i n the sample number, the years 1968 or 1969

11 11 are indicated. Where "O", "l", o r 3 occur as the first number, the

samples were co l lec ted in 1970, 1971, o r 1973, respect ively.

Samples were analyzed f o r thirty elements on a DC-arc emision

spectrograph using a six-step semiquant i ta t ive method described by Grimes

and Marranzino (1968). Because no values were reported f o r gold and

cadmium, these elements are omitted from t a b l e 3. However, an atomic

absorpt ion speetrophorometric method described by Ward and o the r s (1969)

was used t o more accurately detennine the abundance of gold, and t h i s

is reported i n the last column of table 3.

For the semiquant i ta t ive spectrographic analyses, r e s u l t s a r e

reported as s i x s t e p s per order of magnitude (1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, 5.0,

and 7.0 o r powers of 10 of these numbers), These values a r e approximate

geometric midpoints of the c l a s s i n t e r v a l s shown below.

Reported values Class i n t e r v a l l imi t s

Spectrographic a n a l y t i c a l p rec i s ion is given by Matoaka and Gr imes (1976).

Values for Fe, Mg, Ca, and T i are given i n percent. Values f o r all

o t h e r elements a r e given i n parts per mi l l ion . Limits of determination

f o r t he semiquant i ta t ive spectrographic analyses are as follows:

Fe 0.5 percent Mg .02 percent Ca .05 percent T i , .002 percent m 10 PPm Ag . -*5 p p As 200 P P B 10 P P

Ba 20 ppm B e 1 ppm B i 10 ppm Cd 20 ppm co 5 Ppm Cr 10 ppm AI.3 5 Ppm La 20 ppm

Mo 5 PPm V 10 ppm Nb 10 pps W 50 ppm N i 5 ppm Y 10 ppm Pb 10 ppm Zn 200 ppm Sb 100 ppm Zr 10 ppm Se 5 ppm Sn 10 ppm St 100 ppm

References c i t e d

Fitzgibbon, Denise, 1969, General Rock norms-mod 2: U.S. Geol. Survey

Program Documentation.

Foster, B. L., 1976, Geologic map of t h e Eagle quadrangle, Alaska: U.S.

Geol. Survey Misc. Geol. Inv. Map 1-922, s c a l e 1:250,000.

Grimes, D. J., and Marranzino, A. P., 1968, Direct-current arc and

al ternat ing-current spark emission, spectrographic f i e l d methods

f o r the semiquant i ta t ive ana lys is of geologic mater ials : U.S.

Geol. Survey Circ. 591, 6 p.

Matooka, J. M., and Grimes, D. J., 1976, Analytical precision of one-

s i x t h order semiquant i ta t ive spectrographic ana lys is : U.S. Geol.

Survey C i r c . 738, 25 p.

Peck, L. C., 1964, Systematic analysis of s i l i c a t e s : U.S. Geol. Survey

Bull. 1170, 89 p.

Shapiro, Leonard, 1967, Rapid ana lys i s of rocks and minerals by a single-

so lu t ion method, i n Geological Survey research, 1967: U.S. Geol.

Survey Prof. Paper 575-B, p. B187-B191.

Shapiro, Leonard, and Brannock, W. W., 1967, Rapid analysis of s i l i c a t e ,

carbonate, and phosphate rocks: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull . 1144A,

p. 1A-56A.

Streckeisen, A. L., 1973, Plutodc rocks, c l a s s i f i c a t i o n and aomencla-

t u re reco-nded by the IUGS Subcouunisslon on the Systematics of

Igneous Rocks: Geotimes, v. 18, no. 10, p. 26-30.

Ward, F. N., Nakagawa, H. M.. Harms, T. F., and Van Sickle , G. H., 1969,

Atomic-absorption methods of ana lys i s useful i n geochemical explor-

ation: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull . 1289, 45 p.

Table 1.

See attached 3 sheets

EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS

X - QTZ MONZONITE + - QTZ MONZODIORITE f - GRANITE # - QTZ DIORITE O - GRANODIORITE

GRANITIC ROCKS FROM THE EAGLE QUAD. ALflSKA

Figure 1.--Mormative composltlons o f 39 g r a n l t l c rocks from the Eagle quadrangle. Alaska, represented i n the ternary

system Ab-Or-Q. Major element chemlcal analyses appear I n t a b l e 2.

/ 0% X*".

EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS

X - QTZ MONZUNITE + - QTZ MONZODIORITE f - GRflNITE # - QTZ DIORTTE O - GRRNODIORITE

GRRNITIC ROCKS FROM THE ERGLE QUAD. ALASKn

Flgure 3.--Nomatlve composttlotls o f 39 g r a n i t i c rocks from the Eagle quadrangle, Alaska. represented i n t h e te rnary

system Ab-Or-An. Major element chemlcal analyses appear i n t a b l e 2.

EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS

ALK

X - QTZ MONZONITE + - UTZ MONZODIORITE f - GRANITE # - QTZ DIORITE 0 - GRRNODIORITE

GRRNTTIC RUCKS FROM THE EAGLE QUAD, BLASKA

Figure 4. --Ternary AIk-F-M diagram for 39 granftjc mcks f r o m the Eagle quadrangle, Alaska. A1 k = molecular K20+Na20;

F - molecular FeO+FepOj; f4 - molecular ngO. Major element chemjcal analyses appear I n table 2 .

W f ' d R W - W P d N h n l I Y N N N t C t U C CCOOU c o t 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v v v v v v v v v v V V V V

IU ,-, P1 r\, W rw n, TU "v "J

C C C ' C C C U C C C . . . . . . . . . . V V V V V v v v v v

o o u n o oocoo o o o o o m o a f i - c r n < > o G O " 7 0 h.-+-NP- . - 7 F M W h,-.-YI

C C C O O t O O O 0 G O O 0 n m m w w , K ~ N ~ N n n m n

> 0 C C O C O c 2 t C C c 2 O C C O C C 0 0 0 C C C O ~ D C O C C I o r o O C ~ O C m a h f i r - - O C O V\ o o ~ l c r m c - ~ - - m r - m

LT. WL C P CuN-W,- - M - - w. Ic rv - yl T o r r r w 7 - p. 0 0 vr C C E c 0 0 C C 0 0 0 O C O G O O O t O 0 C 0 C C 0 O C C O O O C C C O I 9 0 C C C C C O O C C C C r n D O C 0 C C C C O C c o o c m m c o c o

* 1 C C O C o h r - n m w r r - n n r M R - ~ n MF- m b m y r ( - r N m r T . K

O O G O O G O O 0 0 C O O 0 M N C - n m n r - m a n h m n

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rn u C C C D C o c c c o C G C ~ O o o o m m o o m z o ~ C O G O n c o m c c c c c o I . - K , - P - - m h k h r K - - - c m n . n r r -0.- m v . - ~ - - e r r , - r . - T r r - -

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u o c c c o C C O C D o n o ~ o c o o c o ~ c n c o 0 0 0 0 ~ o c o o o c c c c o m C C L n G m C C O C O O C r n O C C C O C C C C C r n O 0 0 C 0 0 r > C C . m C O C C C C I ~ F L PI- I C ~ - ~ N ~ U r - r - . -m- ~ j h ~ p l i o ~ P - c - v . ~ n n n c b n m n - r n + * L C -

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.V . - o a c c o O G C C O O O D O O O O O C O 00000

r o o n ~ r n o o u o o U O O ~ G o o o c o m o o h a I n h c c , c r r . m n ~ , n c n m - N c c n m n r u - m r u o r c

O O O C O D O 0 0 0 O O C C O * 0 0 0 Q 00000 OODWlO r i m * . - N h l n . n N n n N - C r

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2 NNhkmN N h N m w N W - N N N N h N N N W N N N N N h k N N N h m W m m R , h n a C G t C O O C C C G O t C W O O C C C O 0 0 0 0 0 C O G G O C C C G O C C 0 0 G ( . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 V V V V V v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v V V V V V v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v 4

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