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United States annexed TexasMexico and United States at odds over
boundaryGeneral Zachary Taylor was sent to Rio
GrandeApril 24 Mexican army crossed the river
When Ended War - Added 500,000 square miles to the size of America
California, Utah, New Mexico, Nevada, and Arizona and parts of Colorado
Treaty of Guadeloupe Hidalgo ended this conflict?
1840’s they reached speeds of 20-30 mph
Very unsafe /Used to transport people and supplies
Boom – across AmericaLink American cities and coast to
coastEnormous boost to American
economy / Steele industry growth
Removed impurities from steel Invented the telegraph which
will lead to intercontinental cable
Mass movement of people to California
Started in 1848 and by 1850 California had enough people to
become a state. What caused this?
1840’s –1860’s – 4.2 millionMost from ____ potato faminePoor, disease ridded, catholic
Most to the cities to fill needed factory jobs
Tenements and ghettos
1831 –_____and other slaves rose up against their masters
About 60 whites killedThe rebellion was stopped
Slave owners had to make sure this would not happen again
Conditions became harsherSoutherners looked at abolitionist as a
direct attack on their way of lifeSoutherners feared their own slaves and
possible attacks from the north
Cotton gin made separating the seeds from the cotton a cheaper
processWestward expansion opened more
areas to growing cottonMost cotton went to Great Britain
Southerners said “_____”Felt cotton was responsible for the
good economy of America
Mexican American warMexican American warRailroads
Bessemer ProcessSamuel MorseGold Rush
IrelandNat TurnerCotton is King
Winner of the election of 1844 God supported American expansion
"Fifty-Four Forty or Fight" =What territory?
founder of the Mormon Church
Gained independence from Spain 1821
Republic of ___ included (Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, California,
Nevada, Utah and much of Colorado)
He attracted others to settle in TexasFriction developed between Mexican
government and settlersMany in Texas refused to free their
slavesSoon Mexico stopped further
immigration____ was arrested and jailed
1835 Texans revoltedSanta Anna sent troops to put
down the revolutionAlamo, Goliad, etc
Sam Houston defeated Santa Anna at San Jacinto River
Independence March 2, 1836
Religious sect founded in AmericaJoseph Smith was the founder
Established communities in Ohio and Missouri – 1837 / Persecuted
Brigham Young – 1,500 – established a colony near the Great Salt Lake
Polygamy practiced (more than one spouse)
Americans were willing to go to war over the ____Territory
1845-1846United States and England
avoided warPresident Polk let Congress decide on the agreement
(boundary)
Oregon Manifest Destiny
Joseph SmithMexicoStephen F. Austin
Texas IndependenceMormonsOregon
James K. Polk
Harriet Beecher Stowe – never owned slaves
Showed the villain Simon LegreeAlso showed that slaves were people
with deep feelingShowed the evils of slavery
Sold millions of copies and became a stage show throughout the worldReaders around the world turned
against slavery
1800 Virginia slave rose against his masters
Marched to RichmondStorm dispersed his army and he
was defeated
Freedoms Journal & North Star / Black newspapers
Preached liberation____– “Appeal … to the colored
people of the world”Denounced slavery
Called for blacks to revolt against the whites
Underground RailroadHelped escaped slaved get to
Free states and later to Canada
People could vote for or against slavery
Also called Squatters Sovereignty
California – Free StatePeople of Utah and New Mexico
territories would decide for themselves to allow slavery
Congress abolished the sale of slaves on Washington D.C.
Slavery itself would remain legal in Washington D.C.
New fugitive slave law
Took the Mormons to Utah hero of San Jacinto Early 1800’s Irish immigrants settled
Uncle Tom’s CabinGabriel Prosser
Harriet TubmanPopular SovereigntyCompromise of 1850
Brigham YoungSam HoustonNortheast
David Walker
1800’s this had the greatest impact on the economy and
settlementmost prominent free African
Americans in the United States in 1860
foundation of the African American culture
leading southern anti-slavery author
The leader of the 1831 slave uprising in Southampton, Virginia, was
Religion Frederick Douglass
Hinton R. HelperNat Turner
Railroads