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laws regarding international waters
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United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
Laws for the International Waters
UNCLOSConventionBig meeting 1973-1982
What does UNCLOS do?Defines:
Rights and responsibilities of nations in their use of the worlds oceans
Guidelines for business the environment and the management of
marine natural resources
This is a little different The UN helps support UNCLOSDon’t directly implement Don’t enforce
Who does?International Maritime OrganizationInternational Whaling CommissionThe International Sea Bed Authority
Created by the UN
Freedom of the Seas’Before UNCLOS in 198517th centuryNational rights 3 nautical miles
1.15 miles
What about the rest of the ocean?Outside of the 3 nautical milesFree to all nationsBelonging to no one
Early 20th Century1900’sMany nations wanted to extend the lineMineral resourcesProtect fish suppliesWater pollution
1945Truman Continental Shelf
1946 - 1950ArgentinaPeruChileEcuador200 nautical milesOther countries extend 12 nm
By 1967Only 25 nations used the 3 nm guideline
2008Only 2 countries use 3nm
JordanPalau
So what does UNCLOS say?Sets the base line-----low water mark
Internal WatersAnything on the landside of the baseline Nation is free to set lawsUse any resourceForeign vessels may not enter wo permission
Territorial WatersBaseline12 nm is still territory
Set lawsRegulate useUse any resource
Vessels can pass— “innocent passage”
Contiguous Zone24 nm outside the baselineState can enforce laws
PollutionTaxation Customsimmigration
Exclusive Economic Zones200 nm outside of the baselineSole exploitation rights over all natural
resourcesSettle fishing disputesOil drilling rights
Foreign nations can freely Navigate Fly over Lay submarine pipes & cables