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UNITED NATIONS -’

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Group of Experts on Geographical names WORKfNG PAPER NO. 5

hfelffh ‘Session 1 July 1986

Geneva, 29 September - 7 October 1986

Agenda Item 7

NATIONAL STANDARDISATION

TOPONYMIC WIDELINES

Toponymic Guidelines for map and other euthor~

JUNE 1985

Submitted by Ferjan Drmeling, The Netherlands

1

NATIONAL STANDARDItAfION

TOPONYMIC CUIDfLIMS FOR CARTOGRAPHY - THE NETHERLANDS

A. 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

P= he Netherlands era a unilingual country, Dutch being the only nation-wide official language. The frisian minority lenguaqe has en official status in the province of friesland only.

National language ?ha national language is Dutch in its standard form, written in the Roman script. The Dutch alphabet

1: Hh 00 vv I i PP W*

CC J.j Qq xx Qd Ee z: 2

I3 ij 22

f f Mm 1t Gg Nn LtU

In addition to the normal alphabetical sequence, some foreign or archaic influences on geographical names have led to the incorporation of non-standard letters as E t, E 6, i4, Cl I, II ii end Y y in some geOgraphiCS1 names. In the Dutch alphabet these come under E, 0, Ll and I3 respectively. Hyphens and blanks are disregarded in the alphabeticai order.

The letters -i- end -j- thst together form the Dutch letter ij are not aeparated Fran each other in spaced-out lettering. Yhis applies to both capitals and lower case.

Spelling rule for Dutch,qeoqraphical names in the Netherlends fhe rules aiven below have been in use by the “Survey of the Netherlands” (Topografische Dienat), the~“Hydrogrephic Office” (Dienst der Hydragrafie) and RiJkswaterataat since 1969.

Geographical naibes are as yet not subject to the general spelling rules, They are, rather, spelled in the customary form approved by local government. However, in the following respects Dutch geographical names comply with the general spelling rules for the Dutch language, except for individual cases where deviating officially approved versions occur.

1.

ii.

iii.

Capitalization Articles and prepoaitiona at the beginning of geographical names are capitalircd, unless abbreviated. Exehples: Crate Heide, Elauwe Kei, Het Loo, Den Helder, Ter Aalst. 8ut.z ‘I Harda, ‘8 Cravervnoer (‘t = het: ‘s = des). The incipienta of all other disconnected name parts, with the except&n of articles, prepositions and conjunctions, are capitaiired. Exam 1eS; Nederhorat den Berg, T-f--

Kanaal van Gent naar Terneuten, MI ingen aan de Rijn. When names written in one word are divided, because of lack of space, the incipient of the second and following parts are not

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capitalired. - Noord- Example: Noorhollandschkanaal

hollandsch- kena

iv. The grapheme IJ ij is regarded as one letter, ao when capitelired should be written ZJ instead of Ij. Examples: IJsselmeer, IJmuiden.

Use of one or more words and hyphenization

In principle, current Dutch orthographic practice aims st joining the parts of compound geographical names, unles8 ensueing excessive length would raise readability problems. A hyphen is used when words are divided and when the meening ‘from-towards’ (as for example in Amsterdam-Rijnkanaal) should be conveyed or: when a municipality name is a combination of two piece nmnea.

Nme parts are not joined in the following cases:

1.

ii.

iii.

iv.

V.

vi.

When adjectives ending in -e are followed by name elements beginning with a vowel. Exampier Klefns Es, Oude IJsael When one of the parts of a compound nams is an article. Example; Den Helder, De Zilk, Het Loo. With ordinals or superlatives. Examples: Eerste Valthermond, Achterste Diep. With suffixed adverbs Example: Amsterdam Zuid With conjunctions end prepositions that connect na Exampies: Bergen op Zoom, Vai van Urk. With orooer namss and numerals preceded by

vii.

viii.

ix.

X.

kind of &rographical object. . . -

Exam les: Ambt Delden, 608wachtcrij Schoorl, Fort Rammekens, + 1~18 Drle. With derivationa of wind directions ending in -elijk or -elijke. ExampIe: Westelijk Kaneal When the first part of a compound is a personal name written in two worda. Exunples: Anna Jacobepolder, Sint Annaland. With geographical uninflected sdjectives ending in -sCch) or -isch.

&iGk past participles. les: Belgisch Limburg, Zeeuws Vlaanderen.

Example; Verlengde Hoogeveensevaart.

At present this orthographic practice is not yet universally accepted throughout the Netherlands, and deviations occur frequently, sanctioned by official use.

Examples of deviations of spelling rules are: In province n8mes with non-inflected wind directions, these are joined by hyphen. Examples: &id-Holland, Noord-arabant.

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ad i:

ad ii.

ad viii ad ix.

Non-geographical adjectives in most cases are joined by hyphen to the proper nouns in toponyms Examples: Nieuw-Buinen, Nieuwe-Pekela, Oud-Zuilen. But: Blauwe Sluis, Oude Rijn. Abbreviated articles are ususlly joined by hyphen to the proper nouns in toponyms. Exampitt: ’ s-a avtnhage ( ’ s-Hertogenbosch . Sint-Michiefsgestel, Sint Oedenrode Often also inflected edjectives of this class are not joined to the proper nouns in toponyms. Examples: Delftsche Schie, Croenlosche Slinge.

Pronunciation of Dutch geographical names

6. Accents in Dutch qeoqraphicel names fall on the first syllable, generally.

7. Pronunciation key

spelling pronunciation XPA alphabet

e

aa, ae

af, aai, ay au, auw

b C

ch ck =q d e SC eeuw ei, eij, ey eu f

it f ie feuw isch j k 1 m n

a, a:, a a: ai au b k s

I: kk d, t ten% of word1 a, a:, a, c ei, e: CU

ri 0, 0:r Q f

ar x h i, 1 i iU

is 3 k 1 111 n (n after e is often

not pronounced1

spallinq

n9 nj 0

oe oi, oy 00 QOY ou, ouw P

Ph

Q r s sch s1 t U

Ui

uu

V

W

X

ij

Y e

pronunciation IPA alphabet

u P 0, 9 u 0

0

oi 3u P f k r 0 SX

r t Y, Y:, Yu Qi

Y* Y: V

ES

Ei

1, ei

2

a.

9.

The use of dialect bnly dialect spellings codified before the general acceptance of the-Dutch standard language are recognited.-All other dialect names are converted into the standard language.

Minority language

Frlsian is a Germanic language akin to Dutch and English. It is spoken by about 400,000 inhabztants of the province of Friesland, used and taught afficlally in educational and religious institutions and in local and provlneial government. It is written in the Roman script. Figure 1 shows the area with 5 majority of Frisian-speaking inhabitants.

lD.The Frisian alphabet Aa cg Mm 1t Bb Hh Nn Uu CC I i 00 Yv Dd JS Pp ww Ee Kk Rr Y y fariant fen i Ff Ll ss tr

ll.In sddition to the normal alphabetical sequence in the Frisisn alphabet, the letters A 5, E 5, 0 6 and 0 0 occur. In the friaian alphabet they come under A, E, 0 and U respectively.

?Z.Pronunciation of the Frisian alphabet Pronunciation of the consonants in Frisian does not differ markedly from that in English.

spelling

a, a2

aa. aar

4, 11, al aai au ch d ds e, er ea, ear ei ee i ie lo

pronunciation IPA alphabet

a, 3 a: 3:

0:i o-y, o.u, 51

x

t, d tx

a, t jc, ie a&, ti e: L, e, =, 1 i.ir, jr 1a.y -

spelling

nq, nk 0

05

oar

oarn

oe

tg

u, UT 9

UO

V

Y

ij

pronunciation SPA alphebct

0

3

o-a, ua, v3

0.a

OX&

u, 0.a

tx

ii, ii, ii., a

u.a

vo V

i

Ei

13.Frisxan qeoqraphical names Minor topograhic objects are nowadays rendered bilingually or in Frisian only an topographic maps 1:25,000 and 1:50,000. Al1 major objects named on the map cctain their Dutch orthography.

8. Names eutharities end names standardixation

14.Xn 1947 the Netherlands government delegated the task to compile a normative list of geogrsphieal names to the joint Netherlands-Belgian Ortfiographic Committee INederlands-3elgische Woordlmiljst commls3z8). The Netherlands delegation in this committee started work In 1962 and finished its endeavours in 1973 when s list with proposed normative spellings for about 40,000 toponyms ~85 presented to the Minister for Education, for official endbrsemtnt, which has not been effectuated yet. The Netherlands delegation to the jtiint Netherlands-Belgian Orthographic Committee has in itself no official authority in topanymerthogrsphy. It can be reached at the PA. Meettens Institute, Royal Rethet1ands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Keirersgracht 569-371, 1017 DR Amsterdam.

lS.In its list the committee also covered the Dutch versions of geographical names in the province of Friesland. Frisian versiotls of geographicai names in Friesland have been standardizcd at the behest of the Frisian provincial government by the Toponymic Uorking Group of the! Frisian Academy (Nasnnsjowin@zkommisja, Fry&e Akademy), et Doeiestrjitte 8, Ijotmsrtfteewarden 8911 DX . A list with ali topanyms in the province of Friesland, that occur on the map 1:1D0,000, in their correct Frisisn spelling has been published in 1982. Only minor terrain elements such as roads and farmsteads have biiingual or exclusively frisian names on the topographic maps tr25,0130 and ?:5O,UOCf, published by the Survey of tht Netherlands. The provincial Government issues a bilingual map on the scaie t : 1OO,UOO, Kaart van Friesfand/Kaert fan Fryslln, ‘a-GravenhageAjouuert- 1979.

76.UntilL the Minister for Education sees fit to officially endorse either of these name lists, the Survey of the Netherlands and the Hydrographlc Office will ta present an their maps the customary speiiinga used in government and official acts.

C. Source material

t7.Ma 8 re, opographic maps at the ecaie l:ZS,QOO, published every aix to ten years by the Survey of the NetherLands. See figurs 2 for indew sheet of this map series. Hydragraphic charts of Dutch coastal ueters, published annually at scsles between 1:20,000 and t:lSO,000.

lB.Garrttttrs Dfficfal list -of- nBmeS li jst ran- geogrsf ische namtn voorkomende van Nederland l:ZSO.OOO. Topografische 0

up de overzichtskaarten ienst, Delft 1379. _

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0. Cloaaarv of eppellativea, adjectives end other words necessary for the underatandinq of maps

N.Dutch lanquage words (baaed on glossaries on the ore 1980 and post 1980 editions of the military topographic maps 1:50,0OO, and eppellatives/designationa of the post 1980 l:ZS,OOO series)

Aardgaaatation Aardgaawinning AutomobieIfabriek Bean Beak Befaardencentrtnn Berg Bootdienat Brouwarij Chemischa fabriek Conservenfabriek Eendenkooi Elektriciteitacentrale Fabfi ek Cesbedrijf Gemsal Cevangenis Goedercnspoorweg Coffbanen Graanailo Hangar Haven Heide Helihaven Helling Hoeve Hoogovens en etaelfabrieken Hoogspanningsleiding

’ Houttagerij Huipaekretarie in oanleq Induatrieterrein Jachthaven Jaugdherberg Kabelfabriek Kalkovens Kanaal Kapel Kindertehuis Klooater Koelhuis Kunatijsbaan Lean Loop Hachinefabriek bkcr Metro Heubelfabriek Moien

natural gas pumping station natural gas field motorworks way, road brook ~.~ old peapte’a home hill ferry to.... brewery chemical works cannery duck decoy. power station factory gas works pumping-station prison freight train track golf course (grain) elevator hengar harbour heath heliport alipnay farm blast-furnace and steel-works power line saw-mill town cierk’s branch office under construction industrial area marina youth hostel cable-works lime-kiln canal chapel children’s home monastery Cold storage building skating rink avenue watercourse engineering-works lake underground station furniture works mill (windmill, watermill)

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Natuurcestrvaat Olieraf finaderi j Papierfabriek Ptil Plas Pompstation Pontvtet Rtcreatiegebitd Rtcrtatitoord Reddingaboot Ramist Renbaan ReStPV88t RuPne Schouwburg Slikken Sodafabritk Sportterrein Sportpark Sportvelden Spuisluis St adion Sttenfabriek Suikerfabriek Straat stuu Toren Uitzichttoren Vaart Veen Vaerhoie VerpieeghUi8 Vliegveid . Vloeivtlden Voorm, fort Vuilvtrbranding8in8talI8tie Weterltidingbedrijf Hatertoren Wag Werf Wetering Winketlctntrum Winterpefl WoonwegenCentrun IJabaan IJ38tsdion Zitkenhuis Zomerpetl Zuivtlfabritk Zuivtringainatefiatie

naturt restrve oil refinery paptr-lni11 water levei leke pumping-station ferry recreation-erte recreation-site lift boat t rtmwty depot rscecourse nature rtstrvt ruins theattr mud-flats soda-works

sportsfield

sluict stadium brick-works sugar-mill street weir toutr observation-tower canal pest ferry-house nursing-home aeroclrome aewaqe-farm former fortification refuse in&ntrator Waterworks water-toner street shipyard watercourse shopping-centre winter level caravan-camp skating rink aktting stadium hospital 8lllIl~r level dairy factory purification plant glider air field swimmingpool

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ZOJrisian languaqe words Aaster, Easter east 81de breqe broek boorren W .ein fean gee, kee

old bridge marsh hamlet dike end peat *bog region

has, hufen kleaster l$n atar mole, mOne

house, viilage monastery land, area lake mill

ny, nij (e) paed read

new path red

s&n sand sleet (brook), ditch Bud, 8ur south

SYl terp ts jerk w8lde wester wier, wierrum

sluice, lock mound church wood, forest west mound

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E. Abbraviations used in the official topographic maps of the Netherlands

Zf (based on lists on prc 1980 and post 1980 military editions of topographic maps 1:50,060)

8s brug flask br baskuuibrug Ecgr pl bcgraafpiaets Or bt draaibrug

fabr Gd

fabriak grondduikcr

Gem Gem huis

gcmi3ants gemcentchuis

GP HP

Inr Km Oph br

grcnapaai hockpunt~paal

inrichtinq koranmolcn ophealbrug

bridge besculc bridge cemetery awing-bridge

factory culvert siphon

municipality town hail, municipality hall boundary post point of trian- gulation institution corn mill draw bridge

P Parkccrplaats Parking site PK Protestante protestant

kerk

iti paal Rijksdric- zti; hoeksmcting

AK Rooms-Katho- roman-catho- lieke kerk lit church

Sch sI schutaluia lock frafo Transformation transformer St&n station stat ion

Statn station station Vbr voctbrug footbridge

Urn wt

watcrmolcn watertorcn

water-mill water-tower

Figure 1 The Frisisn linguistic minority in the Netherlands

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Figure 2 - Sheet index of the map series Vopografische kaart van Nederland 1: 25 .O00”

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