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Unit VII: The Cold War & Cuba. Heirs to Traditional Power Politics: Fear & Misinterpretation : West’s role in 1919 & the 30s Failure to open a second front, halting Lend-Lease, & refusing a 6 billion dollar loan Stalin was bitter at Potsdam Security was the issue! - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Unit VII:The Cold War & Cuba
OriginsHeirs to Traditional Power Politics:
Fear & Misinterpretation:• West’s role in 1919 & the 30s• Failure to open a second front, halting Lend-Lease, & refusing a 6 billion dollar loan• Stalin was bitter at Potsdam• Security was the issue!
Ideological differences:• economic imperialism vs. international socialism
Early Stages1946: Iron Curtain Speech• Kennan’s Long Telegram
1947: communist revolutions threaten Turkey & Greece• Truman Doctrine
1948: Marshal Plan• West Germany founded• Berlin Blockade & Airlift
1949: NATO created • Soviets counter w/ Warsaw Pact• Soviet A-bomb & Red China• arms race & the Red Scare Berliners cheer US planes
Post-war USSR
1945-53: spectacular recovery• Five Year Plans again• purges & gulags• falling out w/ Tito’s Yugoslavia
1953: Stalin died; destalinization
1953-63: Nikita Khrushchev• Secret Speech (1956)• inspired Hungarian Uprising• attempted economic reforms• removed after Cuban Missile Crisis
The Korean War1950-53: • Korea divided post-WWII
• the North invaded in order to unite the peninsula
• Chinese enter when US forces approached the Chinese border
• a stalemate by 1951
• limited war; containment
Hungarian Uprising
1956: Hungarian Uprising• began as a student revolt;
fired upon by troops
• Hungarian communist gov’t collapsed
• Imry Nagy promised free elections & withdrawal from Warsaw Pact
• Soviets invade & crush the movement; Nagy executed
Hungarian Uprising
Berlin Wall
1961: Berlin Wall built• over 100 miles of wall
• wall sickness
• greatest symbol of the Cold war
Cuban Missile Crisis
1962: Cuban Missile Crisis
• reaction to the Bay of Pigs
• threatened “mutually assured destruction”
• missiles removed from Cuba (and Turkey), a hotline established & Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
Prague Spring1968: Prague Spring• Alexander Dubcek introduced
freedom of speech, press and travel
• “Communism with a human face”
• reformers wanted more and withdrawal from Soviet bloc
• Soviets invade & crush movement Prague 1968
Vietnam War1959-75: Vietnam War
• French colony, Japanese occupation & French colony again
• US supported the Diem regime in South Vietnam
• Strong nationalistic regime in the north led by Ho Chi Minh
• limited war• guerilla war; no front line
Fall of Saigon - 1975
Monolithic Communism?
Korea vs. Vietnam• frontline
• UN resolution
• S. Korea wanted US help
• civilians not directly attacked
• guerilla war
• unilateral campaign
• S. Vietnam wanted US out
• civilians indistinguishable from the enemy; atrocities
The Post-war WestDecolonization:
Christian Democrats:• combined capitalism, socialism & Christianity
West Germany:• Adenauer’s “economic miracle”
France:• De Gaulle & the Fifth Republic• Algerian Independence
1968 – student protests
Great Britain:• the national welfare state• Margaret Thatcher (1980s) Student protestors in Paris
Culture & SocietyEducation:
The Women’s Movement:• De Beauvoir’s The Second Sex• Friedan’s N.O.W.
Catholic Church:• reaction to Pius XII’s conservatism; Vatican II (1962)
Permissive Society:• homosexuality, pornography, divorce & abortion became legal
Simone de Beauviour
Culture & Society
Existentialism: Camus & Sartre“Man is nothing else but what he makes of himself.”
Art: Pollack’s abstract expressionism & Warhol’s pop-art
Technology: jet travel, television & nuclear energy
Pollack’s Lavender Mist