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8/10/2019 Unit VI - Ethical Aspects of Drug Information
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Ethical Aspects of Drug
Information
Charliemaign Stanley S. Cruz, RPh,
MSc.Faculty of Pharmacy
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What is Ethics?
Philosophical Inquiry into the moral
dimensionsof human conduct
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What is Ethics?
Aristotle: An eminently practical discipline
dealing with concrete judgments in situations
in which action must be taken despite
uncertainty
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Ethics is NOT
Values clarification
Study of moral development
The law
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Ethical deliberations are
Fundamental / Ultimate
Universal
Takes into account the welfare of all involvedparties
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Ethical issuesinvolves judgments between
right or wrong humanconduct or
praiseworthy or blameworthyhumancharacter
According to Veatch (Hospital
Pharmacy)
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Professional Ethics
Rules of conductby which a particular group in
society regulates its actions and sets standards
for its members
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Professional Ethics
Focuses on written or implicit rules and
standardsset by a professional subgroupof society and addresses the
responsibilities of only those who are
members of that subgroup
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Law
Rules of conduct imposed by society on
its members
May institutionalize certain ethicalstandards of a given profession by the
whole society
Represent one aspect of the culturewhere ethical issues are considered
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Scenarios
A Community pharmacist who is asked by a
patient at the counter to critique a physicians
prescription
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Scenarios
Home health care pharmacist who is
recommending a therapeutic plan to a
physician and who must consider payment
constraints imposed by a third party payer
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Scenarios
Hospital practitioner who is confronted
by a physician or an administrator
demanding a certain formularyrecommendation that may not be
appropriate
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Ethics is a generic term for several
ways of examining the moral life
-Beuchamp and Childress
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Action Guides
Ethical theories
Principles
Rules
* Particular Judgment and actions
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Stages of Ethical Analysis
First Stage
Identification of pertinent background information
Moral reflection
Second Stage
Reflection on whose rights and responsibilities are
at issue
Third Stage
Consideration on cultural differences
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2 Broad Ethical theories
Consequentialist
Focusses on the consequence of an act
informed consent
Deontological
deon = duty
Looks on intrinsic features of an act
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Specific Ethical Rules and
Principles
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Respect for Autonomy
Right of individual to self-rule
Right to decided on issues affecting onesself
Deontological theory
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Confidentiality
Right to give or refuse consent relative to
release of privileged information
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Consent
Right to be informed and freely choose the
course of action
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Privacy
Right of individual to control his or her own
affairs w/o interference from or knowledge of
outside parties
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Respect for Persons
Duty to the welfare of individual
Concern with the intrinsic value of human life
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Veracity
honesty/ truth-telling
used in both consequentialist and
deontological theories
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Fidelity
Responsibility to be trustworthy
Duty of reciprocity
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Non-maleficence
Duty to dono harm
Consequentialist theory
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Beneficence
Duty to promote good
Consequentialist theory
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Justice
Concept of fairness
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Respect the patient-professional
relationship
Primary duty of healthcare
providers is to the patient