Unit SixBuilding an Empire

Chapter 19Foreign Policy: Setting a Course for Expansion

Foreign Policy Foreign Policy

◦ Set of guidelines and practices that a nation follows in its relations with other nations

Diplomacy Art of conducting negotiations with other nations

Commodore Perry◦ Japan

Washington’s Farewell AddressNeutrality◦ The policy of not taking sides in wars between other

nationsUnilateralism◦ A policy of not seeking military or political alliances

with foreign powers

Realism vs. IdealismRealism◦ International relations should be guided by pragmatic

self-interest –practical goals such as national defense and access resources

Idealism◦ The belief that moral values should influence relations

Staying home sick? Idealist or Realist

Idealistic or Realistic?Cold War

National Parks

Revolutionary War

War in Iraq

Favors?

War of 1812 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c7Hh8W69cos&feature=related

Treaty of Ghent◦ Peace between U.S. and U.K.◦ “Not one inch of territory ceded or lost”

Monroe Doctrine Monroe Doctrine◦ Declaration warning European powers against future

colonization in the Western Hemisphere or interference in Latin American republics.

Non-ColonizationNon-Interference

Expansion through Diplomacy

Texas RevolutionTexas owned by Mexico◦Americans moved in

Abolished Slavery◦Upset Americans in Mexico

Texas Revolution◦Alamo

Mexican-American WarJames K. Polk◦Disagreed with Mexico on Texas border

Provokes a War◦Sends troops to the Rio Grande

Mexican-American WarTreaty of Guadalupe◦U.S. received = Texas border, Texas west to

California◦Mexico received = $15 Million

Treaty of Guadalupe

Beginnings of ImperialismImperialism◦Empire building

◦Protectorate Nation protected and controlled by a stronger

nation

Realist or Idealist?

Proof is in the Pudding

How Should We Expand?Henry Cabot Lodge Carl Schurz

Josiah Strong Alfred T. Mahan

Chapter 20The Spanish-American War

Hearst vs. PulitzerNew York Journal New York World

Yellow Journalism

Exaggerated style of reporting with sensational news stories

Mass Media

Methods of communicating to a mass audience.

Yellow Journalism

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h0mjkLPvrQM

Cuban Struggles Want Independence from SpainIdealism◦Americans empathize with Cubans

Realism◦Americans want to protect business interests

Mass Media Hysteria!Cuban Struggle◦Hearst and Pulitzer exaggerated Spanish rule

de Lome Letter◦Spanish ambassador has letter stolen◦Letter criticizes President McKinley◦Letter published in the New York Journal

USS Maine◦U.S. ship explodes in Havana harbor◦Hearst and Pulitzer blame the Spanish

Spanish – American War, 1898Investigation on USS Maine◦1898, Mine responsible◦1976, accidental explosion

US declares war on Spain◦Media to blame?

Spanish – American War, 1898Did we need to go to war?

de Lome LetterUSS Maine explosion

Spanish – American War, 1898Philippines ◦American soldiers and Filipino rebels

Joined forces, defeat Spanish in PhilippinesCuba◦Rough Riders

U.S. Volunteer Cavalry handpicked by Theodore Roosevelt

San Juan Hill

The Teller AmendmentResolution◦A formal statement about a course of action

Cuba ◦Promised to help overthrow Spanish rile

Military force and aid◦Promised to liberate Cuba after war

After the war . . . . . . . They found out we were just kidding about that last part.

Treaty of Paris

1. Cuba granted Independence

2. Puerto Rico and Guam ceded to U.S.

3. Philippines cede to U.S. for $20 Million◦U.S. is now a colonial empire

Should we accept the Treaty? Anti-Imperialist League◦Organization against the establishment of U.S.

colonies Mark Twain

Supporters◦Theodore Roosevelt and William McKinley

Platt Amendment Allowed the U.S. to intervene in Cuban

affairsAllowed U.S. to buy and lease land for

naval bases◦U.S. business interests owned 60% of the

Cuban economy

Chapter 21 Acquiring and Managing Global Power

Roosevelt’s Foreign Policy

Big Stick Policy

Roosevelt Corollary

Did it work?

Taft’s Foreign Policy

Dollar Diplomacy

Did it work?

Wilson’s Foreign Policy

Moral Diplomacy

Self-determination

Did it work?

Panama Canal U.S. helps Panama overthrow Colombian

RulePanama Canal◦ Improved international trade

Panama Canal Locks◦Gates that raise and lower water levels,

allowing ships to travel the canal

U.S. and Mexico Francisco Madero◦Tried to overthrow government◦Killed by his general Victoriano Huerta

American Businessmen◦Wanted Wilson to recognize Huerta

government◦Wilson refused to recognize a “government of

butchers” Idealist or Realist

U.S. and Mexico Wilson and Huerta◦Almost go to war

Wilson sent troops to Veracruz Aid revolution against Huerta

◦ Outcry Mexican and Americans

Puerto Rico Military government◦ infrastructure

Civilian government◦Puerto Ricans became frustrated with U.S.◦Jones Act, 1917

Puerto Rico becomes a U.S. territory Idealist or Realist

Philippines Emilio Aguinaldo◦Leader of Filipino resistance

Philippines wants independence◦U.S. denied them freedom

Try to start own government U.S. doesn’t recognize it

Aguinaldo Rebels War breaks out

200,000 Filipinos die US rebuild Philippines

Hawaii American controlled Economy◦Sugarcane and Pineapple

Queen Liliuokalani◦1891, new constitution◦White planters weren’t happy

1893, U.S. forces overthrow Liliuokalani◦Debate raged in the U.S.

Made in China Spheres of Influence

Areas where a single nation controlled trading rights

Open Door Policy, 1899All foreign nations are allowed to trade freely

with China

The Boxer RebellionGroup of Chinese who wanted to remove

foreign influence from ChinaThey led an insurrection

Rebellion Crushed by foreign powers