Unit One NotesTough Decisions

Grade 10

Harvatine

Forms of LiteratureShort Story- brief work of fiction.

Usually a main character faces a conflict that is resolved in the plot.

Ex. “Masque of the Red Death: by Edgar Allan Poe

Nonfiction- writing that tells about real people, places, objects, events and ideas.Example: essays, biographies,

autobiographies and technical articles.

Forms of Literature Cont..

Poetry- literature that appears in verse form. Most poems are concise, musical and have powerful language.

Drama- written to be performed by actors. Scripts have dialogue, monologues and stage directions etc…Ex. “A Christmas Carol”

Folk literature- literature of a specific people or culture that is passed down orally from one generation to the next.

Short Story ( A few terms)

Plot- sequence of events

Characters: Direct and Indirect Characterization

Setting-Time and place of the actionPoint of view ( 1st, 2nd, 3rd)Theme- key message or insight of life.

Non-fiction

Autobiography- person tells his or her own story

Biography- a writer tells the life story of another person

Essays- short nonfiction work about a particular subject

Informational Texts- Provide knowledge that guides and educates

Essay Examples:

Descriptive essay- shows the five sensesExpository essay- gives information or

explains a processPersuasive essay- tries to convince

readers to do something or to accept the writer’s point of view

Reflective essay- writers thoughts or reflections

PoetryWriting that combines language, images and sounds to create a special emotional effect.

Many types of poetry Narrative poetry- like a short story! It tells

a story that includes plot, characters and setting.

Lyric poem- musical way to expressPoetic form- refers to the way the lines of a

poem are shaped and arranged. Stanzas are the most common

Poetry Forms Cont.

Rhythm and RhymeRhythm- pattern of stressed and

unstressed syllablesRhyme- repetition of sounds at the end of

words.Figurative language- often used to create

vivid impressionsEx. Similes, metaphors, personification

Drama-Meant to be performed! Types of plays

Comedy- humorous play with a happy ending.

Tragedy- hero suffers a major downfall.

Dialogue and Monologue

Dialogue-Conversation between two or more characters

Monologue- lengthy speech that one character addresses to others on stage.

Stage directions- instructions of performing the play.

Plot and conflict

Folk LiteratureMyths- fictional tale that explains the

interactions between gods and humans.Legend- widely told story about the past

that may or may not have a foundation of fact.

Folk tale- story composed orally and then passed from person to person by word of mouth.

Epic- long narrative poem about the deeds of gods or heroes in war or in their travels. Will be a serious mood.

UNIT ONE: T

OUGH DECISIONS

“Games at Twilight” by Anita Desai Form of Literature-Short Story

Literary terms

Motivation- A character’s motivation is the reason behind his or her actions or words. Understanding why characters act in a certain way will help you understand story events.

Dialogue- conversation between characters.

Inner Conflict- Psychological Conflict of a character.

Setting, mood and atmosphere ( look in textbook)

Reading Strategy Terms

Inference-Reading between the lines and figuring out information.

Character Decisions-Evaluating Ravi’s decision

“Games at Twilight” Continued

Vocabulary

Superciliously-Acting as though one is above or better than, others.

Sidled-moved slowly to the side to avoid attracting attention

Defunct-no longer in use or existence; dead

Dogged-stubborn

“Leningen versus the Ants” By. Carl Stephenson

Short story-FictionLiterary Elements

Plot- five sections of plot and the connection to the story.

Conflict- Outer and Inner conflict in connection to the plot.

Reading StrategyMaking Predictions- Predicting or

guessing story events

“Leiningen Versus the Ants” Setting: BrazilThe story was made into a radio play on CBS in 1948

called Escape. “Leiningen…” was then made into a horror movie

called “The Naked Jungle” in 1954 staring Charleton Heston.

VocabularyPeons- laborersFlout- show open contempt ( hate)Weir- low damProvender- food; provisionsAlluvium- material such as sand or clay deposited

by moving water.Fomentations- applications of salve to wounds.

The Widow and the Parrot

Literary TermMotivation: Refer to Games at twilight

notes. Plot: Exposition, rising action, climax,

falling action and resolutionReading Strategy

Drawing Inferences- Reach conclusions when you read. How can you tell that Mrs. Ford does not like the parrot?

The Widow and the Parrot VocabularyFord- shallow place in a river where

people can crossDilapidated- shabby and neglectedSovereigns- British gold coins worth one

pound each.Sagacity- wisdom

Note: one pound equals $1.57

( approx.)

Poetry Terms ( Just a few)

Speaker

Personification

Metaphor

Simile

Theme

stanza

“The Bridge” by: Leopold Staff“The Old Stoic” by: Emily Bronte Form of Literature: Poetry

Literary Terms

Dramatic Situation-The circumstances that lead to the point of the story or poem

Speaker- Who is speaking to us in the poem? ( Imaginary- thought of by the author)

Reading Strategies

Author’s purpose- The writer’s outlook on the subject.

Vocabulary

Implore- plead.; ask for earnestly

Timorous-full of fear, timid

Indomitable-not easily defeated

“I Am Not One of Those Who Left the Land” and “Speech During the Invasion” Form of Literature: Non-Fiction ( Speech ) and

Fiction ( Poem)

Politics- activities of governments concerning the political relations of an area.

Poem ( “I Am Not…”) - Akhmatova is anti-revolutionary. Meaning she refuses to rebel against the government or support change.

Speech ( “Speech During…”)- Theodora’s speech was given during a riot staged between two political groups ( Blues and the Greens)

“ The Good Deed” by Pearl S. Buck

Form of Literature: Short Story

Literary Elements

Static Character- Does not change in the story

Dynamic Character-Grows and changes throughout the story.

Reading Strategy

Drawing Inferences- Logical assumptions or “read between the lines”

Vocabulary:

Contemplatively- in a thoughtful way

Revere- regard with deep respect and love

Abashed- embarrassed

Repressed- held back or restrained

Assailed- attacked physically

“Auto Wreck” and “Pride”

Form of Literature- Poetry ( fiction)

Literary element Theme

Personification

Readng Strategy Writer’s message

Vocabulary-